Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.11
Rafael Sentandreu Ramón
This essay shows the differences between the philosophy of humanists and transhumanism. The first aims to give a comprehensive view of man seen from a rational and ethical point of view, highlighting his central position in the universe and its impact on other living beings and climate change. Transhumanism focuses specifically on the optimization of Homo sapiens, and aims to perfect it through a technical-scientific program (development of cyborgs and genetic changes) leading to the birth of a new biological species more capable of adapting to the environment in which it finds itself. Keywords: humanism; transhumanism; robot; bioethics
{"title":"Introduction to humanism and transhumanism","authors":"Rafael Sentandreu Ramón","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.11","url":null,"abstract":"This essay shows the differences between the philosophy of humanists and transhumanism. The first aims to give a comprehensive view of man seen from a rational and ethical point of view, highlighting his central position in the universe and its impact on other living beings and climate change.\u0000Transhumanism focuses specifically on the optimization of Homo sapiens, and aims to perfect it through a technical-scientific program (development of cyborgs and genetic changes) leading to the birth of a new biological species more capable of adapting to the environment in which it finds itself.\u0000\u0000Keywords: humanism; transhumanism; robot; bioethics","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45012453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.03
Javier Fernando Díaz-Ovalle, Astrid Maribel Aguilera Becerra
Based on the fact that hyphomycetes or ingoldian fungi are microorganisms present in aquatic environments such as rivers in which they are involved in the decomposition of organic material, returning energy to the higher levels of the trophic chain, but despite their importance, few studies have been conducted on their diversity and presence in these ecosystems, the objective of this work was to identify the hyphomycetes present in the upper Bogotá river basin. This was done by taking foam samples in the backwaters of the rivers, staining them with lactophenol blue and observing them with optical microscopy to identify the ingoldian fungi based on the morphology of their conidia with the use of taxonomic keys. A total of 10 genera and 10 species were identified, of which 4 genera and 7 species are new reports for the Colombian territory, which demonstrates the great diversity and lack of knowledge that we have of these microorganisms in our country. Keywords: conidia; identification; aquatic fungi; river
{"title":"Taxonomic identification of aquatic hyphomycetes in the upper Bogotá river basin (Colombia) from foam samples","authors":"Javier Fernando Díaz-Ovalle, Astrid Maribel Aguilera Becerra","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the fact that hyphomycetes or ingoldian fungi are microorganisms present in aquatic environments such as rivers in which they are involved in the decomposition of organic material, returning energy to the higher levels of the trophic chain, but despite their importance, few studies have been conducted on their diversity and presence in these ecosystems, the objective of this work was to identify the hyphomycetes present in the upper Bogotá river basin. This was done by taking foam samples in the backwaters of the rivers, staining them with lactophenol blue and observing them with optical microscopy to identify the ingoldian fungi based on the morphology of their conidia with the use of taxonomic keys. A total of 10 genera and 10 species were identified, of which 4 genera and 7 species are new reports for the Colombian territory, which demonstrates the great diversity and lack of knowledge that we have of these microorganisms in our country.\u0000\u0000Keywords: conidia; identification; aquatic fungi; river","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71087582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.15
Tomás Girbés Juan, D. Cordoba Díaz
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes (N-glycosidases classified as rRNA N-glycohydrolases, EC 3.2.2.22), mostly of plant origin, but also of bacterial, fungal and algal origin, which cause irreversible inhibition of protein biosynthesis carried out by ribosomes of superior organisms and some bacteria. The enzymatic activity consists of specific depurination of ribosomes that renders them unable to interact with elongation factor 2 in eukaryotes and elongation factor G in prokaryotes. The best-known RIPs, ricin and abrin, consisting of two polypeptide chains (type 2), an enzymatic chain and a lectin chain specific for D-galactose and galactosides, are extremely toxic because they can be internalised in cells by binding to plasma membrane receptors, entering the cytoplasm, reaching the Golgi apparatus, and then reaching the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they are transferred to the cytosol and there inactivate ribosomes. The most abundant RIPs possess only one enzymatic chain (type 1) and do not possess the toxicity of ricin and abrin. Their biological function in plants is currently unknown, although different hypotheses have been proposed for their mediation in plant stress response and against pathogens. RIPs have found an interesting application in the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates in experimental cancer therapy. The formulation of RIPs into nanoparticles, has been used to optimize their biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties and for diagnostic purposes. Keywords: RIP; enzyme; function; inmunotoxin; drug targeting
核糖体失活蛋白(RIPs)是一种酶(n -糖苷酶分类为rRNA n -糖水解酶，EC 3.2.2.22)，主要来源于植物，也有细菌、真菌和藻类，它对优势生物和某些细菌的核糖体进行蛋白质生物合成产生不可逆的抑制作用。酶活性包括核糖体的特异性去嘌呤化，使它们不能与真核生物中的延伸因子2和原核生物中的延伸因子G相互作用。最著名的rip，蓖麻毒素和蓖麻毒素，由两条多肽链(2型)，一条酶链和一条d -半乳糖和半乳糖苷特有的凝集素链组成，具有极大的毒性，因为它们可以通过与质膜受体结合在细胞内，进入细胞质，到达高尔基体，然后到达粗内质网，在那里它们被转移到细胞质并在那里使核糖体失活。最丰富的rip只有一个酶链(1型)，不具有蓖麻毒素和蓖麻毒素的毒性。它们在植物中的生物学功能目前尚不清楚，尽管人们提出了不同的假设，认为它们在植物应激反应和抗病原体中的介导作用。rip在构建免疫毒素和结合物的实验癌症治疗中发现了一个有趣的应用。rip纳米颗粒的配方已被用于优化其生物制药和药代动力学特性，并用于诊断目的。关键词:裂缝;酶;函数;inmunotoxin;药物的靶向
{"title":"Ribosome inactivating proteins: Enzymes in search of biological function","authors":"Tomás Girbés Juan, D. Cordoba Díaz","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.15","url":null,"abstract":"Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes (N-glycosidases classified as rRNA N-glycohydrolases, EC 3.2.2.22), mostly of plant origin, but also of bacterial, fungal and algal origin, which cause irreversible inhibition of protein biosynthesis carried out by ribosomes of superior organisms and some bacteria. The enzymatic activity consists of specific depurination of ribosomes that renders them unable to interact with elongation factor 2 in eukaryotes and elongation factor G in prokaryotes. The best-known RIPs, ricin and abrin, consisting of two polypeptide chains (type 2), an enzymatic chain and a lectin chain specific for D-galactose and galactosides, are extremely toxic because they can be internalised in cells by binding to plasma membrane receptors, entering the cytoplasm, reaching the Golgi apparatus, and then reaching the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they are transferred to the cytosol and there inactivate ribosomes. The most abundant RIPs possess only one enzymatic chain (type 1) and do not possess the toxicity of ricin and abrin. Their biological function in plants is currently unknown, although different hypotheses have been proposed for their mediation in plant stress response and against pathogens. RIPs have found an interesting application in the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates in experimental cancer therapy. The formulation of RIPs into nanoparticles, has been used to optimize their biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties and for diagnostic purposes.\u0000\u0000Keywords: RIP; enzyme; function; inmunotoxin; drug targeting","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43421686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.05
M. A. Casermeiro
Health Impact Assessment is an useful mix of procedures, tools and methods for the assessment of the health issues due the development of new plans, programs and projects. Heath Impact Assessment is well stablished in homologous countries in the decision making processes for more than two decades. Nevertheless, in Spain the actual situation is far from international standards. In this review, a revision of the relationships between health and environment has been carried out using case study methods, as well as the origin and evolution of HIA in general and particularly in Spain. Keywords: health impac assessment; Environment; Public Health
{"title":"Health Impact Assessment, a useful tool for Society","authors":"M. A. Casermeiro","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Health Impact Assessment is an useful mix of procedures, tools and methods for the assessment of the health issues due the development of new plans, programs and projects. Heath Impact Assessment is well stablished in homologous countries in the decision making processes for more than two decades. Nevertheless, in Spain the actual situation is far from international standards. In this review, a revision of the relationships between health and environment has been carried out using case study methods, as well as the origin and evolution of HIA in general and particularly in Spain.\u0000\u0000Keywords: health impac assessment; Environment; Public Health","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.29
A. González Bueno
On March 13, 1650 Felipe IV signs, in Madrid, a Royal Certificate by which the guild of apothecaries of Madrid, organized around the brotherhood of ‘Señor San Lucas y Nuestra Señora de la Purificación’, are exempt from its own taxes of manual workers; for it, the apothecary trade is considered a ‘scientific art’. Our analysis revolves around the internal functioning of this group of Madrid apothecaries who, despite their religious and welfare nature, hold union privileges. A ‘micro-history’ of a small professional community -the group on which I center my study rarely exceeded fifty members- for which I have used the documentation preserved in the Archive of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy [ARANF]. It is, in its entirety, books and writings of an administrative nature, accounting in most cases, but whose analysis allows us to glimpse the social and institutional problems faced by this professional group. Another source of information, not insignificant, is provided by the texts of which the members of this group are authors, particularly the short-run booklets, in which they make us part of their controversies and their different views on the way in which that their professional activities have to evolve. Keywords: apothecaries; Madrid; XVII century; professional groups
1650年3月13日，费利佩四世在马德里签署了一份皇家证书，根据该证书，围绕“Señor San Lucas y Nuestra Señora de la Purificación”兄弟会组织的马德里药剂师协会可以免除体力劳动者的税款；因此，药剂师行业被认为是一门“科学艺术”。我们的分析围绕着这群马德里药剂师的内部运作展开，尽管他们具有宗教和福利性质，但他们拥有工会特权。一个小型专业社区的“微观历史”——我研究的中心群体很少超过50名成员——我使用了保存在皇家国家药学院档案馆[ARANF]中的文件。它的整体是行政性质的书籍和著作，在大多数情况下是会计，但它的分析使我们能够看到这个专业群体面临的社会和制度问题。另一个并非微不足道的信息来源是该小组成员所撰写的文本，特别是短期的小册子，在这些小册子中，他们让我们成为他们争议的一部分，以及他们对其专业活动发展方式的不同看法。关键词：药剂师；马德里十七世纪；专业团体
{"title":"The Congregation and College of Apothecaries of ‘San Lucas y Nuestra Señora de la Purification’ of Madrid’ (1654-1675)","authors":"A. González Bueno","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.29","url":null,"abstract":"On March 13, 1650 Felipe IV signs, in Madrid, a Royal Certificate by which the guild of apothecaries of Madrid, organized around the brotherhood of ‘Señor San Lucas y Nuestra Señora de la Purificación’, are exempt from its own taxes of manual workers; for it, the apothecary trade is considered a ‘scientific art’.\u0000Our analysis revolves around the internal functioning of this group of Madrid apothecaries who, despite their religious and welfare nature, hold union privileges. A ‘micro-history’ of a small professional community -the group on which I center my study rarely exceeded fifty members- for which I have used the documentation preserved in the Archive of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy [ARANF]. It is, in its entirety, books and writings of an administrative nature, accounting in most cases, but whose analysis allows us to glimpse the social and institutional problems faced by this professional group. Another source of information, not insignificant, is provided by the texts of which the members of this group are authors, particularly the short-run booklets, in which they make us part of their controversies and their different views on the way in which that their professional activities have to evolve.\u0000\u0000Keywords: apothecaries; Madrid; XVII century; professional groups","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47763073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.01
Antonio L. Doadrio Villarejo
Nitrogen oxides (monoxide and dioxide) known in environmental chemistry as NOx are toxic atmospheric polluting gases of great importance for health. In this way, is necessary for NOx: a) structural study and properties, b) environmental control, in particular anthropogenic origin, c) relationship between environmental concentration and health. In this paper, molecular structure and significant properties of NOx is addressed, using molecular modeling tools carried out Spartan® 16 software. Keywords: nitrogen oxides; NOx; pollution; molecular models
{"title":"Nitrogen oxides and their role in air pollution","authors":"Antonio L. Doadrio Villarejo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen oxides (monoxide and dioxide) known in environmental chemistry as NOx are toxic atmospheric polluting gases of great importance for health. In this way, is necessary for NOx: a) structural study and properties, b) environmental control, in particular anthropogenic origin, c) relationship between environmental concentration and health. In this paper, molecular structure and significant properties of NOx is addressed, using molecular modeling tools carried out Spartan® 16 software.\u0000\u0000Keywords: nitrogen oxides; NOx; pollution; molecular models","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.10
J. M. Ortiz Melón
The principles of biochemistry are historically linked to studies on fermentation and the role of enzymes in this process. Thousands of reactions catalyzed by enzymes that are responsible for vital phenomena take place in cells. In later stages it has been shown that these reactions take place in an organized and regulated manner in the intracellular space. Later, biochemical processes such as DNA duplication and gene expression have revealed the role of information in biochemical reactions. The identification of logic modules and circuits through which this information passes is a new stage. Alongside this reductionist approach, recent advances in genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, proteomics, and high-throughput experimentation seek to provide comprehensive knowledge of complex biological systems. Keywords: biochemistry; history; paradigms; systems biology
{"title":"Old and new paradigms in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","authors":"J. M. Ortiz Melón","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.10","url":null,"abstract":"The principles of biochemistry are historically linked to studies on fermentation and the role of enzymes in this process. Thousands of reactions catalyzed by enzymes that are responsible for vital phenomena take place in cells. In later stages it has been shown that these reactions take place in an organized and regulated manner in the intracellular space. Later, biochemical processes such as DNA duplication and gene expression have revealed the role of information in biochemical reactions. The identification of logic modules and circuits through which this information passes is a new stage. Alongside this reductionist approach, recent advances in genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, proteomics, and high-throughput experimentation seek to provide comprehensive knowledge of complex biological systems.\u0000\u0000Keywords: biochemistry; history; paradigms; systems biology","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47020531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.08
J. García-Arriaza, Mariano Esteban Rodríguez
The appearance of a new emerging virus at the end of 2019, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread to the human population causing the COVID-19 pandemic (with more than 639 million people infected and more than 6.6 million deaths by November 2022), was a great challenge for science, with serious consequences for the human health system and global economy. In record time, different types of vaccines were produced that demonstrated their safety and efficacy in clinical trials and whose administration to the population has been essential for curbing the pandemic, avoiding infections, hospitalizations and deaths. Our laboratory at the CNB-CSIC has been very active in this race, generating a vaccine candidate based on the poxvirus vector termed modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), which demonstrated in three animal models (mouse, hamster and rhesus macaque) its high safety, robust immunogenicity and full efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article describes the steps that we follow it up from the beginning of the pandemic to culminate in the industrial development of a very promising vaccine candidate. The next phase is clinical trials in humans. We also discuss about other vaccines, future and opportunities in the medium-long term. Keywords: MVA; SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: vaccine; immunogenicity; efficacy; animal models
{"title":"The MVA-CoV2-S vaccine developed at the CNB-CSIC is highly immunogenic and completely effective against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: future and opportunities","authors":"J. García-Arriaza, Mariano Esteban Rodríguez","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.08","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of a new emerging virus at the end of 2019, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread to the human population causing the COVID-19 pandemic (with more than 639 million people infected and more than 6.6 million deaths by November 2022), was a great challenge for science, with serious consequences for the human health system and global economy. In record time, different types of vaccines were produced that demonstrated their safety and efficacy in clinical trials and whose administration to the population has been essential for curbing the pandemic, avoiding infections, hospitalizations and deaths. Our laboratory at the CNB-CSIC has been very active in this race, generating a vaccine candidate based on the poxvirus vector termed modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), which demonstrated in three animal models (mouse, hamster and rhesus macaque) its high safety, robust immunogenicity and full efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article describes the steps that we follow it up from the beginning of the pandemic to culminate in the industrial development of a very promising vaccine candidate. The next phase is clinical trials in humans. We also discuss about other vaccines, future and opportunities in the medium-long term.\u0000\u0000Keywords: MVA; SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: vaccine; immunogenicity; efficacy; animal models","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.12
María Antonia Martín Carmona, Felipe Andrés Bravo-Lambie, Fresia Melina Silva-Sofrás, M. Caja, A. I. Olives
The development of sustainable and environmentally friendly analytical methodologies involves, among other objectives, the reduced consumption of reagents and solvents, as well as the reduction of the waste generated or the reuse of the same in a circular process. If there is one analytical technique that is more widely used in both pharmaceutical industry laboratories and control laboratories, it is liquid chromatography. In this work, a brief review is made about the strategies to be followed to achieve sustainable separation methodologies without renouncing the characteristics of sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency, precision and accuracy that accompany a solid and established technique such as HPLC. In addition, the use of stationary phases with superficially porous silica particles, “core-shell” type, which, due to their size and porosity characteristics, can lead to a saving of 50% in the volume of waste generated. Furthermore, the use of modified mobile phases with ionic liquids allows the reduction of analysis times with the aim of achieving an environmentally friendly chromatography. These alternatives are discussed in the context of drug analysis. Keywords: mobile phase additives; ionic liquids; superficially porous silica particles; anti-cancer drugs
{"title":"Sustainable alternatives in liquid chromatography. Applications in drug analysis","authors":"María Antonia Martín Carmona, Felipe Andrés Bravo-Lambie, Fresia Melina Silva-Sofrás, M. Caja, A. I. Olives","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.12","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sustainable and environmentally friendly analytical methodologies involves, among other objectives, the reduced consumption of reagents and solvents, as well as the reduction of the waste generated or the reuse of the same in a circular process. If there is one analytical technique that is more widely used in both pharmaceutical industry laboratories and control laboratories, it is liquid chromatography. In this work, a brief review is made about the strategies to be followed to achieve sustainable separation methodologies without renouncing the characteristics of sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency, precision and accuracy that accompany a solid and established technique such as HPLC. In addition, the use of stationary phases with superficially porous silica particles, “core-shell” type, which, due to their size and porosity characteristics, can lead to a saving of 50% in the volume of waste generated. Furthermore, the use of modified mobile phases with ionic liquids allows the reduction of analysis times with the aim of achieving an environmentally friendly chromatography. These alternatives are discussed in the context of drug analysis.\u0000\u0000Keywords: mobile phase additives; ionic liquids; superficially porous silica particles; anti-cancer drugs","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.13
B. Ribas Ozonas, A. Domínguez-Gil Hurlé, J. Martínez Lanao
This paper addresses the beginning of toxicokinetics in Spain by the group of Prof. Bartolomé Ribas in the 60s of the last century, as well as the interdisciplinary collaboration that occurs between academics of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy (RANF) and more specifically with the group of Prof. Rafael Cadórniga, who was a pioneer of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics studies in Spain. This scientific collaboration is a magnificent example of interdisciplinary work between academics as well as the strong interrelationship between toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics. The work also develops the concepts, methods and advances in toxicokinetics, focusing on analytical methods for the determination of very low concentrations of toxic substances in the animal and human organism, multicompartmental models, physiologically based toxicokinetic models (PBTK), toxicokinetic / toxicodynamic models (TX / TD), population models, Bayesian methods in toxicokinetics as well as the future of this discipline also based on the use of methodologies based on artificial intelligence. Currently, toxicokinetics plays a fundamental role in the development of new medicines, as well as in the evaluation of food safety and environmental risks. Keywords: toxicokinetics; pharmacokinetics; ranf; academic collaboration
{"title":"Introduction to toxicokinetics from the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy: An example of academic collaboration","authors":"B. Ribas Ozonas, A. Domínguez-Gil Hurlé, J. Martínez Lanao","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the beginning of toxicokinetics in Spain by the group of Prof. Bartolomé Ribas in the 60s of the last century, as well as the interdisciplinary collaboration that occurs between academics of the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy (RANF) and more specifically with the group of Prof. Rafael Cadórniga, who was a pioneer of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics studies in Spain. This scientific collaboration is a magnificent example of interdisciplinary work between academics as well as the strong interrelationship between toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics. The work also develops the concepts, methods and advances in toxicokinetics, focusing on analytical methods for the determination of very low concentrations of toxic substances in the animal and human organism, multicompartmental models, physiologically based toxicokinetic models (PBTK), toxicokinetic / toxicodynamic models (TX / TD), population models, Bayesian methods in toxicokinetics as well as the future of this discipline also based on the use of methodologies based on artificial intelligence. Currently, toxicokinetics plays a fundamental role in the development of new medicines, as well as in the evaluation of food safety and environmental risks.\u0000\u0000Keywords: toxicokinetics; pharmacokinetics; ranf; academic collaboration","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44116971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：