American Journal of Human Biology最新文献

Burke, S. 2025. “Immunity Switches and Macrophage Manipulations: Trauma, Ovulation, and Depression as Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation Risks.” American Journal of Human Biology 37, no. 9: e70146. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70146.

In paragraph 2 of section 2 Inflammation and Tuberculosis, the text “Type 1 immunity is pro-inflammatory and engages M1 polarized macrophages and T helper 1 (T_H1) cells associated with cytokines that include interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IFN-ƴ (interferon gamma), and TNF-β (tumor necrosis factor-beta), this arm of immunity engaged in response to infections with intracellular pathogens, including bacteria (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania major) and viruses (e.g., influenza virus, herpes simplex virus) (Annunziato et al. 2015).” was incorrect. This should have read: “Type 1 immunity is pro-inflammatory and engages M1 polarized macrophages and T helper 1 (T_H1) cells associated with cytokines that include interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IFN-ƴ (interferon gamma), and TNF-β (tumor necrosis factor-beta), this arm of immunity engaged in response to infections with intracellular pathogens, including bacteria (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis), parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania major), and viruses (e.g., influenza virus, herpes simplex virus) (Annunziato et al. 2015).”

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In the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic, research revealed the relationship between body size and the severity of influenza outcomes. However, there is little data available on body size in historical populations; therefore, the relationship between body size and 1918 influenza pandemic outcomes is virtually unknown. Alaskan death records from the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics with recorded height and mass at death (n = 2724) were analyzed to illuminate this relationship during both the pandemic (1918–20) and a non-pandemic period (1917, 1921–25). Binomial logistic regression models were fit to predict the likelihood of a P&I death against four other major causes of death, first using only BMI as a predictor, then controlling for demographic variables. BMI alone can predict the probability of P&I death, but only during the pandemic period (p < 0.001). BMI (ORs = 0.90–1.51), all regions (ORs = 2.08–9.17), age (OR = 0.98), sex (male: OR = 0.66–0.75), and ethnicity group (non-Alaska Native: OR = 0.36–0.37) significantly predicted the likelihood of a P&I death during the pandemic. The results suggest that as BMI increases, the risk of P&I death also increases with additional predictors, but only during the 1918 influenza pandemic period. There is no significant relationship between BMI and P&I death outside of pandemic years. This result may contribute an additional unique feature to our understanding of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its epidemiological novelty. This research further contributes new data on historical population biology and contextualizes results within the framework of developmental origins of health and disease for ultimate explanations of differential risks between Alaska Native and settler populations.

The contemporary moment is defined and marred by geopolitical sorrow-with genocide in Gaza, and wars in Sudan and Ukraine to mention some-devastating the lives of millions of people. The resulting geopolitical, ecological, communal, and personal devastation will last for generations in concrete and substantive ways, as the legacy of war and genocide stays with those who survive. In this perspective, we highlight an example of this by discussing new lines of evidence for intergenerational epigenetic transmission of sustained, war-related trauma. Here we articulate a novel frame labeled WISDOM: a Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning-making. This framing aims to facilitate rigorous science in the relatively uncharted domains of biocultural approaches to intergenerational trauma, survival, and resilience. WISDOM is a perspective with practical components, focused primarily on trauma but applicable to other foci at the confluence of biological and social sciences.