American Journal of Human Biology最新文献_第10页

Total adiponectin in indigenous Melanesians on Kitava 基塔瓦岛美拉尼西亚土著居民的总脂肪连蛋白。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24134

Pedro Carrera-Bastos, Maelán Fontes-Villalba, Bo Ahrén, Ulf Lindblad, Lennart Råstam, Johan Frostegård, Torbjörn Åkerfeldt, Yvonne Granfeldt, Kristina Sundquist, Tommy Jönsson

Objectives

Experimental and small human studies have indicated that high total adiponectin levels have beneficial cardiometabolic effects. In contrast, however, high total adiponectin levels are also associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in thoroughly adjusted epidemiological studies. To gain further insight into these seemingly contradictory results, we report results on total adiponectin from the indigenous Melanesian population of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, where an apparent absence of cardiometabolic disease has been previously reported.

Methods

Fasting levels of serum total adiponectin were measured cross-sectionally in ≥40-year-old Kitavans (n = 102) and Swedish controls matched for age and sex (n = 108). Multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis of associations with total adiponectin when controlled for group, sex, smoking, hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, age, and body mass index.

Results

Total adiponectin was lower for Kitavans compared to Swedish controls (Median [Mdn] 4.6 μg/mL, range 1.0–206 μg/mL and Mdn 9.7 μg/mL, range 3.1–104 μg/mL, respectively, r = .64, p < .001). Lower total adiponectin was associated with Kitavan group, male sex (only in Swedish controls), smoking (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined), younger age (not in Swedish controls), higher BMI, lower total, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined), and non-HDL cholesterol, and higher anti-PC IgG (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined).

Conclusion

Total adiponectin in Kitavans was significantly lower than in Swedish controls.

目的：实验和小型人体研究表明，总脂肪连通素水平高会对心脏代谢产生有益影响。然而，与此相反的是，在经过全面调整的流行病学研究中，高水平的总脂肪连通素也与较高的全因死亡率和心血管死亡率相关。为了进一步了解这些看似矛盾的结果，我们报告了巴布亚新几内亚特罗布里安德群岛美拉尼西亚原住民基塔瓦（Kitava）的总脂肪连蛋白结果：方法：对年龄≥40 岁的基塔瓦人（102 人）和年龄与性别匹配的瑞典对照组（108 人）的空腹血清总脂肪连蛋白水平进行横截面测量。在控制群体、性别、吸烟、高血压和/或 2 型糖尿病、年龄和体重指数的情况下，采用多变量线性回归分析总脂肪连蛋白的相关性：与瑞典对照组相比，基塔万人的总脂联素值较低（分别为中位数[Mdn]4.6 μg/mL，范围1.0-206 μg/mL和中位数9.7 μg/mL，范围3.1-104 μg/mL，r = .64，p 结论：基塔万人的总脂联素值低于瑞典对照组：基塔万人的总脂肪连素明显低于瑞典对照组。

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引用次数: 0

Trend in physical growth among Chinese urban students: Results from five national successive cross-sectional surveys within the past two decades 中国城市学生体格增长趋势：近二十年来五次全国性连续横断面调查的结果。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24132

Shuai Zhang, Chengyue Li, Alimujiang·Yimiti Taerken

Objectives

To examine the orientation, magnitude, and pace of secular trends in body height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) among Chinese urban students aged 7–18 years from 2000 to 2019.

Methods

Data were extracted from Chinese urban students aged 7–18 years from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019. The height, weight, and BMI of 548 419, 548 408, and 548 365 urban students aged 7–18 years, respectively, were tested. The mean differences across survey years were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The pace of secular trends is expressed as the change every 5 years between every two adjacent survey years.

Results

Height increments between 1.9 and 6.2 cm, weight increments between 2.7 and 8.6 kg, and BMI increments between 0.9 and 1.9 kg/m² were observed in boys. For girls, height increments between 1.5 and 4.9 cm, weight increments between 2.2 and 6.0 kg, and BMI increments between 0.7 and 1.7 kg/m² were observed. The pace of secular trends in height decreased in the last 5 years, and the secular trends in weight and BMI have accelerated in the last 9 years compared with the previous 10 years.

Conclusions

Although the secular trend in height among Chinese urban students has slowed, it has not yet reached its genetic potential and continues to increase. The rapid increase in weight and BMI was a cause for concern. Our findings provide a basis for the future formulation of public health interventions in China.

目的研究2000-2019年中国城市7-18岁学生身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）的世俗化趋势的方向、幅度和速度：方法：从 2000 年、2005 年、2010 年、2014 年和 2019 年中国全国学生体质与健康监测中提取中国城市 7-18 岁学生的数据。分别测试了 548 419、548 408 和 548 365 名 7-18 岁城市学生的身高、体重和体重指数。通过单因素方差分析（ANOVA）检验了不同调查年份的平均差异。世俗趋势的速度表示为每相邻两个调查年之间每 5 年的变化：结果：观察到男孩的身高增长在 1.9 至 6.2 厘米之间，体重增长在 2.7 至 8.6 千克之间，体重指数增长在 0.9 至 1.9 千克/平方米之间。女孩的身高增长在 1.5 至 4.9 厘米之间，体重增长在 2.2 至 6.0 千克之间，体重指数增长在 0.7 至 1.7 千克/平方米之间。身高的长期趋势在过去 5 年有所下降，而体重和体重指数的长期趋势在过去 9 年比之前 10 年有所加快：结论：虽然中国城市学生身高的长期趋势有所减缓，但尚未达到遗传潜力，仍在继续增长。体重和体重指数的快速增长令人担忧。我们的研究结果为中国今后制定公共卫生干预措施提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Bone density in postmenopausal women with scoliosis is associated with markers of degenerative joint disease 患有脊柱侧弯症的绝经后妇女的骨密度与退行性关节疾病的标志物有关。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24130

Elahe Ganji, Alan Burshell, Amisha Khicha, Katharine M. N. Lee

Purpose

Bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the clinical standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and prediction of bone fracture risk. In the aging skeleton, osteoporosis is often concomitantly present with degenerative joint disease (DJD).

Methods

In this study, we evaluated tissue-level changes in the differentially loaded concave (CC) and convex (CV) sides of the lumbar spine in a sample of postmenopausal women with scoliosis. We used a cumulative degeneration score to assess osteophyte formation, the severity of sclerotic morphology, and marrow changes as markers of DJD in the lumbar spine and examined the correlation between markers of DJD and BMD.

Results

More severe osteophyte growth and sclerosis were present on the CC side of the spine. The degenerative score (DS) was higher on the CC side of the lumbar spine compared with the CV side. While CC BMD was positively correlated with CC DS and marrow, CV DS was not correlated with CV BMD. Marrow changes were correlated with DS on the CC lumbar spine.

Conclusion

These results highlight the importance of mechanoadaptive as well as broader inflammatory processes in the manifestation of degenerative changes and local mineral deposition at the lumbar spine. DXA-based BMD measurement of osteoporosis need to be contextualized within the biomechanical and degenerative conditions of a joint rather than using a strict threshold cutoff.

目的：用双 X 射线吸收测量法（DXA）测量骨矿密度（BMD）是诊断骨质疏松症和预测骨折风险的临床标准。在老化的骨骼中，骨质疏松症往往与退行性关节疾病（DJD）同时存在：在这项研究中，我们评估了绝经后脊柱侧凸女性样本腰椎凹面（CC）和凸面（CV）不同负荷下的组织水平变化。我们使用累积退化评分来评估骨质增生的形成、硬化形态的严重程度以及骨髓变化，以此作为腰椎DJD的标记，并研究了DJD标记与BMD之间的相关性：结果：脊柱CC侧的骨质增生和硬化更为严重。与 CV 侧相比，CC 侧腰椎的退行性评分（DS）更高。CC BMD 与 CC DS 和骨髓呈正相关，而 CV DS 与 CV BMD 无关。骨髓变化与CC腰椎的DS相关：这些结果凸显了机械适应性以及更广泛的炎症过程在腰椎退行性变化和局部矿物质沉积表现中的重要性。基于 DXA 的骨密度测量需要结合关节的生物力学和退行性病变情况，而不是使用严格的临界值。

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引用次数: 0

Population expansion, larger, and more homogeneous native American ancestry among Mexican mestizo populations based on 10 X-chromosome STR loci (X-STR decaplex system) 基于 10 个 X 染色体 STR 位点（X-STR 十联系统）的墨西哥混血人种的人口扩张、规模扩大和美洲原住民血统更加一致。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24124

Christian Mariscal-Ramos, Irán Cortes-Trujllo, Gabriela Martínez-Cortés, Ismael Nuño Arana, Héctor Rangel-Villalobos

Objective

To evaluate the genetic diversity, admixture, genetic relationships, and sex-biased demographic processes in Mexican Mestizo (admixed) populations based on 10 X-chromosome STRs (X-STRs).

Methods

We analyzed the X-STRs Decaplex system in 104 Mexican Native Americans to obtain the ancestral reference needed to complete the demographic analyses above mentioned. We included reported Iberian and Latin American (admixed) populations from Central and South America, as well as datasets from Mexican Mestizos based on Y-linked STRs (Y-STRs), autosomal STRs (A-STRs), and mtDNA.

Results

Higher X-linked Native American ancestry was observed among Latin American populations regarding that reported from A-STRs and Y-STRs. The interpopulation differentiation based on ancestry among Mexican Mestizos diminished according to the inheritance pattern: Y-STRs (highest), A-STRs, X-STRs, and mtDNA (lowest). This finding is related to the peculiar admixture process that occurred during and after the Spanish Conquest of Mexico (and most of Latin America), involving a large number of Spanish men (Y-chromosomes) with a lesser proportion of X-chromosomes than autosomes; besides to the limited number of Spanish women (XX) arrived in the Americas in subsequent and shorter periods. Population expansion was detected in Mexican Mestizos from all the country, except those from the southeast region characterized by elevated indigenous ancestry, marginalization, and poorness.

Conclusions

Population growth was detected in most Mexican Mestizos, besides more homogeneous and larger Native American ancestry based on X-linked inheritance than that based on autosomal STRs and Y-STRs.

目的根据 10 条 X 染色体 STRs（X-STRs），评估墨西哥混血（掺杂）人群的遗传多样性、掺杂、遗传关系和性别偏向人口过程：我们分析了 104 个墨西哥美洲原住民的 X-STRs Decaplex 系统，以获得完成上述人口分析所需的祖先参考。我们分析了 104 个墨西哥美洲原住民的 X-STRs Decaplex 系统，以获得完成上述人口分析所需的祖先参照。我们分析的对象包括已报道的中美洲和南美洲伊比利亚人和拉丁美洲人（混血），以及基于 Y-连锁 STRs（Y-STRs）、常染色体 STRs（A-STRs）和 mtDNA 的墨西哥混血人数据集：结果：与 A-STR 和 Y-STR 报告的结果相比，在拉丁美洲人群中观察到较高的 X 连锁美洲土著血统。根据遗传模式，墨西哥混血儿中基于祖先的种群间差异减小：Y-STR（最高）、A-STR、X-STR 和 mtDNA（最低）。这一发现与西班牙征服墨西哥（以及拉丁美洲大部分地区）期间和之后发生的特殊混血过程有关，其中涉及大量西班牙男性（Y-染色体），而 X-染色体的比例低于常染色体；此外，在随后较短的时期内，到达美洲的西班牙女性（XX）数量有限。在墨西哥全国各地的混血儿中都发现了人口增长现象，但来自东南部地区的混血儿除外，这些地区的特点是土著血统较高、边缘化和贫穷：结论：大多数墨西哥混血儿的人口都在增长，除了基于 X 连锁遗传的美洲土著血统比基于常染色体 STR 和 Y-STR 的美洲土著血统更均匀、更大之外。

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引用次数: 0

Height and integration in proximity networks among Tanzanian Hadza men 坦桑尼亚哈扎人的身高与邻近网络的融合。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24129

Piotr Fedurek, Dariusz Danel, Athena Aktipis, J. Colette Berbesque, Lee Cronk, E. Jerryson Makambi, Julia Lehmann, Ibrahim Mabulla, Slawomir Koziel

In recent years there has been much interest in investigating the extent to which social status or prestige are related to an individual's degree of integration in social networks. It has been shown that, among hunter-gatherers, social characteristics of an individual based on social status or prestige, such foraging reputation, friendship popularity, and pro-social reputation, can influence the extent to which an individual is embedded in a social network. However, little is known regarding the extent to which height, a physical trait that in Western societies is often associated with social status, is associated in integration in social networks among small-scale hunter gatherers. Here, we investigated the relationship between height and a position an individual occupies in proximity networks among Hadza men (n = 30), hunter-gatherers living in Northern Tanzania. The results of our study show that height is not related to the position an individual maintains in proximity networks. We argue that, in a relatively egalitarian small-scale hunter-gatherer societies such as the Hadza, social interactions driving proximity networks might be influenced by social traits, such as popularity and hunting reputation, rather than physical traits, such as height.

近年来，人们对社会地位或声望与个体融入社会网络程度的关系进行了大量研究。研究表明，在狩猎采集者中，个体基于社会地位或声望的社会特征，如觅食声誉、友谊受欢迎程度和亲社会声誉，会影响个体融入社会网络的程度。然而，在西方社会中，身高通常与社会地位相关联，而在小规模狩猎采集者中，身高这一身体特征与融入社会网络的关联程度却鲜为人知。在这里，我们调查了生活在坦桑尼亚北部的狩猎采集者哈扎人（30 人）的身高与个人在邻近网络中所处地位之间的关系。研究结果表明，身高与个体在邻近网络中的位置无关。我们认为，在像哈德扎人这样相对平等的小规模狩猎采集社会中，推动邻近网络的社会互动可能受到社会特征（如受欢迎程度和狩猎声誉）而非身体特征（如身高）的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Variation in grandmaternal investment in Ukraine 乌克兰祖母投资的差异。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24128

Sofiya Shreyer

Background

Grandmothers vary in their contributions to grandchildren based on their relatedness and the sex of the child. Maternal grandmothers decrease grandchildren's risk of mortality and increase grandchildren's health more significantly than paternal grandmothers, but limited evidence suggests that paternal grandmothers may invest more in female than male grandchildren.

Aims

In this study, I test whether contact frequency between grandmothers and grandchildren is influenced by their relatedness (maternal vs paternal) or the sex of the child. This research was carried out in Ukraine because it is neither matrilocal nor patrilocal, and Ukrainian grandmothers are known to provide a high rate of childcare.

Methods

This study included interviews with 60 grandmothers that asked about contact frequency with grandchildren, relatedness (maternal or paternal), and contact frequency between the grandchild and the other grandmother. A dataset generated for each grandchild (n = 128) included sex, age, and contact frequency with both maternal and paternal grandmothers. Linear mixed models were fit to the data to explore the relationship between grandmother relatedness and contact frequency.

Results

On average, maternal grandmothers saw their grandchildren 173.8 days/year, while paternal grandmothers saw their grandchildren 87.5 days/year (p < 0.001). The sex of the child was not a significant factor in determining contact frequency.

Conclusion

In Ukraine, maternal grandmothers have more frequent contact with their grandchildren. This finding supports the idea that grandmaternal investment is an evolutionarily adaptive strategy. However, the bias towards maternal grandmothers may also be explained by a post-socialist cultural context, which necessitates grandmaternal care.

背景：祖母对孙辈的贡献因亲缘关系和子女性别而异。与父系祖母相比，母系祖母能更显著地降低孙辈的死亡风险并提高孙辈的健康水平，但有限的证据表明，父系祖母对女性孙辈的投入可能多于男性孙辈。这项研究在乌克兰进行，因为乌克兰既不是母系地方，也不是父系地方，而且众所周知，乌克兰祖母的育儿率很高：这项研究包括对 60 位祖母进行访谈，询问她们与孙辈的接触频率、亲缘关系（母系或父系）以及孙辈与另一位祖母的接触频率。为每个孙辈（n = 128）生成的数据集包括性别、年龄以及与祖母和外祖母的接触频率。对数据进行线性混合模型拟合，以探讨祖母亲缘关系与接触频率之间的关系：结果：外祖母平均每年有 173.8 天与孙辈见面，而祖母平均每年有 87.5 天与孙辈见面（p）：在乌克兰，外祖母与孙辈的接触更为频繁。这一发现支持了祖母投资是一种进化适应策略的观点。然而，后社会主义文化背景也可以解释这种对外祖母的偏爱，因为这种文化背景需要外祖母的照顾。

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引用次数: 0

Organ weights and length anthropometry measures at autopsy for sudden infant death syndrome cases and other infant deaths in the Chicago infant mortality study 芝加哥婴儿死亡研究中婴儿猝死综合症病例和其他婴儿死亡病例尸检时的器官重量和身长人体测量数据。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24126

Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Cornelius Normeshie, Keith L. Keene, Fern R. Hauck

Organ weights are a possible diagnostic or pathophysiological clue to distinguishing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases from other infant deaths but suffer from major confounding. Using autopsy data from the Chicago Infant Mortality Study, a majority African-American case–control study of deceased infants under 1 year conducted 1993–96, we assessed differences in the weights of brain, thymus, kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen, total body, and four length anthropometry measures in SIDS-diagnosed infants compared to controls. Using exact and coarsened matching, we ran Bayesian linear models with these anthropometry outcomes and repeated the analyses substituting the corresponding fitted allometrically-scaled organ weight indices to account for body size. After detailed analysis and adjustment for potential confounders, we found that matched SIDS infants were generally bigger than controls, with higher mean brain, liver, spleen, thymus, lung, and total body weights, and higher mean head and chest circumference, crown-heel, crown-rump lengths. SIDS infants also had higher mean thymus, liver, spleen, lung and total body weight indices. The association with thymus weight was proportionately greater in magnitude than any other outcome measure and independent of body size. The results of these more detailed analyses are consistent with recent findings from other studies with differing racial compositions, and substantially confirm the primary organ sites for more detailed mechanistic research into the biological dysregulation contributing to underlying pathophysiology of SIDS.

器官重量可能是区分婴儿猝死综合症（SIDS）和其他婴儿死亡病例的诊断或病理生理学线索，但存在很大的混淆性。我们利用芝加哥婴儿死亡率研究（Chicago Infant Mortality Study）的尸检数据，评估了被诊断为婴儿猝死综合症的婴儿与对照组相比，脑、胸腺、肾脏、肺、肝脏、脾脏、全身以及四种身长人体测量指标的重量差异。通过精确匹配和粗匹配，我们利用这些人体测量结果运行了贝叶斯线性模型，并用相应的拟合同比例器官重量指数替代体型来重复分析。经过详细分析和对潜在混杂因素的调整，我们发现匹配的婴儿猝死综合症患儿普遍比对照组大，平均脑重、肝重、脾重、胸腺重、肺重和总体重较高，平均头围、胸围、冠-跟、冠-臀长较高。婴儿猝死综合症患儿的胸腺、肝脏、脾脏、肺和全身的平均体重指数也较高。与胸腺重量的关系在比例上大于其他任何结果指标，并且与体型无关。这些更详细的分析结果与最近其他不同种族组成的研究结果一致，并大大确认了主要器官部位，以便对导致婴儿猝死综合症潜在病理生理学的生物失调进行更详细的机理研究。

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引用次数: 0

Toddler hair cortisol levels are associated with maternal prenatal depression 幼儿头发皮质醇水平与母亲产前抑郁有关。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24127

Zaneta M. Thayer, Katherine L. Nemeth, Jade A. Beauregard, Theresa E. Gildner

Objectives

Cortisol is an important metabolic hormone that regulates multiple physiologic systems. Cortisol metabolism is sensitive to early life environments, including that experienced prenatally. Limited research has evaluated factors that predict variation in maternal and offspring toddler hair cortisol, which is important since hair cortisol represents different dynamics of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis function than more common salivary or serum measures.

Methods

To address this gap, we longitudinally evaluated whether maternal depression measured in pregnancy and 1 month postnatal was associated with maternal and offspring hair cortisol levels approximately 15 months after birth (n = 46 mothers, 40 toddlers; mean 15.6 months postnatal, SD = 2.9 months).

Results

Mean depression symptoms were highest during the prenatal period. Prenatal, but not postnatal, maternal depression was associated with offspring hair cortisol levels (B = 0.095, p = .01). Maternal hair cortisol was not associated with depression measured at either time point.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that offspring hair cortisol more than a year after birth is associated with maternal prenatal depression, consistent with previous research in salivary cortisol, suggesting that long-term offspring stress physiology may be influenced by conditions experienced in utero. These findings highlight the potential for hair cortisol—a minimally invasive and easy-to-collect measure— to index toddler HPA-axis dynamics.

研究目的皮质醇是一种重要的代谢激素，可调节多个生理系统。皮质醇代谢对早期生活环境（包括产前环境）非常敏感。由于毛发皮质醇代表的下丘脑垂体肾上腺（HPA）轴功能与更常见的唾液或血清指标不同，因此评估预测母体和后代幼儿毛发皮质醇变化的因素非常重要：为了弥补这一不足，我们纵向评估了孕期和产后 1 个月测量的母亲抑郁是否与出生后约 15 个月的母亲和后代毛发皮质醇水平相关（n = 46 名母亲，40 名幼儿；平均产后 15.6 个月，SD = 2.9 个月）：结果：产前抑郁症状平均值最高。产前（而非产后）母亲抑郁与后代毛发皮质醇水平相关（B = 0.095，P = .01）。母体毛发皮质醇与在任一时间点测量的抑郁无关：这些研究结果表明，出生一年多后的后代毛发皮质醇与母亲产前抑郁有关，这与之前对唾液皮质醇的研究一致，表明后代的长期应激生理可能受到子宫内经历的条件的影响。这些研究结果凸显了毛发皮质醇--一种微创且易于收集的测量指标--作为幼儿 HPA 轴动态指标的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Religious participation is associated with fewer dementia diagnoses among Black people in the United States 参与宗教活动与美国黑人中较少被诊断出痴呆症有关。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24125

Eric E. Griffith, Paul A. Robbins, Bethlehem T. Ferede, Keisha L. Bentley-Edwards

Introduction

Black people had the highest prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) of any racial/ethnic group in the United States (US) as of 2020. As racial disparities in the prevalence of ADRD are being investigated, more evidence is necessary to determine the pathways and mechanisms that either slow ADRD progression or improve quality of life for those affected. Religion/spirituality (R/S) has been shown to affect health outcomes but has rarely been studied as a possible pathway for reducing ADRD risk. Crucially, Black people also report higher levels of R/S than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. This research asks if R/S affects ADRD risk among Black adults and if any effects persist after controlling for hypertension.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data analysis drawing from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative longitudinal dataset with an oversampling of Black adults.

Results

We used logistic regression analysis to demonstrate how R/S has an ameliorating impact on ADRD risk among Black people, even after controlling for hypertension. Those who never attended religious services had 2.37 higher odds of being diagnosed with ADRD than those who attended more than once a week. Further, as R/S attendance increased, ADRD risk decreased linearly.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the importance that existing cultural networks (e.g., R/S) can have for reducing ADRD burden for Black people and has important implications for the role of R/S in shaping ADRD symptomatology.

导言：截至 2020 年，在美国所有种族/族裔群体中，黑人的阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）发病率最高。随着人们对阿尔茨海默病发病率的种族差异进行调查，有必要提供更多证据，以确定减缓阿尔茨海默病发展或改善患者生活质量的途径和机制。宗教/精神（R/S）已被证明会影响健康结果，但作为降低 ADRD 风险的一种可能途径却很少被研究。至关重要的是，在美国，黑人报告的 R/S 水平也高于其他种族/民族群体。本研究询问 R/S 是否会影响黑人成年人的 ADRD 风险，以及在控制高血压后是否会持续产生影响：我们从健康与退休研究（HRS）中进行了二次数据分析，该研究是一个具有全国代表性的纵向数据集，对黑人成年人进行了超量采样：我们使用逻辑回归分析表明，即使在控制了高血压的情况下，R/S 对黑人的 ADRD 风险仍有改善作用。与每周参加一次以上宗教活动的人相比，从未参加宗教活动的人被诊断出患有 ADRD 的几率要高出 2.37。此外，随着参加宗教活动次数的增加，ADRD 风险也呈线性下降：这些研究结果表明，现有的文化网络（如 R/S）对于减轻黑人的 ADRD 负担非常重要，并对 R/S 在形成 ADRD 症状方面的作用产生了重要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal changes in body composition in children from Maya agriculturalists in central Yucatán, Mexico 墨西哥尤卡坦半岛中部玛雅农耕民族儿童身体成分的季节性变化。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24121

Francisco D. Gurri, Wilma Ruiz-García, Mirna I. Vallejo-Nieto, Dolores O. Molina-Rosales

Introduction

Development policies have aimed to substitute subsistence agriculture for cash crops or other cash generating activities to encourage local farmers to depend on store-bought groceries available year-round instead of seasonal subsistence crops. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that increased dependence on store bought foods has decreased seasonal changes in nutritional status and fat mass in Maya Children from Yucatan, Mexico.

Methods

Weight for age (W/A), body mass index (BMI), and tricipital Skinfold z scores in children under the age of 10 years from 14 Maya rural towns with different degrees of development were compared longitudinally between scarcity and abundance seasons using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Height for age (H/A) z scores were also estimated.

Results

Origin of food consumed corresponded to the town's degree of development. Nutritional status (W/Az) and adiposity, BMI, and tricipital z scores were significantly lower during the scarcity season in every community. W/Az, tricipital skinfold z, and H/Az scores were significantly higher in developed than in traditional towns, yet in both types of town W/Az and H/Az scores were below the WHO standard mean. Tricipital skinfold z score was only below the WHO standard amongst traditional towns during the scarcity season.

Conclusions

Increased dependence on store foods failed to eliminate significant losses in body fat during the scarcity season. This failure may be affecting linear growth and promoting a thrifty phenotype that is seen in short and stocky individuals with a tendency to accumulate fat during abundance seasons.

导言：发展政策的目的是用经济作物或其他创造现金的活动取代自给农业，鼓励当地农民依赖全年供应的商店购买食品，而不是季节性的自给作物。在本文中，我们检验了这样一个假设，即对商店购买食品依赖性的增加减少了墨西哥尤卡坦玛雅儿童营养状况和脂肪量的季节性变化：方法：采用重复测量方差分析方法，纵向比较了 14 个发展程度不同的玛雅农村城镇 10 岁以下儿童的年龄体重（W/A）、体重指数（BMI）和三趾皮褶 z 分数。同时还估算了年龄身高（H/A）z 值：结果：所消费食物的来源与城镇的发展程度相对应。营养状况（W/Az）、脂肪含量、体重指数和三围 z 值在每个社区的稀缺季节都明显较低。发达城镇的 W/Az、三足皮褶 z 和 H/Az 分数明显高于传统城镇，但两类城镇的 W/Az 和 H/Az 分数均低于世界卫生组织的标准平均值。在传统城镇中，只有在食物匮乏的季节，三眶皮褶 z 值才低于世界卫生组织的标准：结论：在缺粮季节，对储存食物依赖的增加未能消除身体脂肪的显著损失。这种情况可能会影响线性生长，并助长矮胖个体的节俭表型，而这种表型在丰收季节容易积累脂肪。

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引用次数: 0