Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Daniela Rodrigues, Augusta Gama, Helena Nogueira, Helder Miguel Fernandes, António Stabelini Neto, Romulo Fernandes, Cristina Padez
Objectives
This study aimed to (i) compare children's lifestyle by urbanization level and (ii) examine the association between children's body mass index (BMI) and the risk of having unhealthy sleep (American Academy of Pediatrics).
Methods
Eight thousand one hundred fifty-nine children (4124 females) aged 6–9 years were observed and classified as urban or nonurban. Height and weight were measured, and the BMI was calculated. Sleep habits, sedentary behaviors (i.e., TV viewing, computer and electronic games use), and active play were assessed by questionnaire. One-way analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and logistic regression analysis were used, with adjustments to potential confounders.
Results
Urban males were significantly less active and spent more time in all sedentary activities than their nonurban peers during the week and the weekend. Urban girls spent significantly more time than their nonurban counterparts watching TV and playing electronic games. Furthermore, both urban and nonurban children with higher BMI had a relative higher risk of having unhealthy sleep duration.
Conclusions
Findings revealed important associations between BMI and sleep duration in both urban and nonurban children. Place of residence has an important impact on weight status of this sample of children.
{"title":"Can the Urban Lifestyle Impact on Children BMI and Healthy Sleep?","authors":"Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Daniela Rodrigues, Augusta Gama, Helena Nogueira, Helder Miguel Fernandes, António Stabelini Neto, Romulo Fernandes, Cristina Padez","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24210","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to (i) compare children's lifestyle by urbanization level and (ii) examine the association between children's body mass index (BMI) and the risk of having unhealthy sleep (American Academy of Pediatrics).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight thousand one hundred fifty-nine children (4124 females) aged 6–9 years were observed and classified as urban or nonurban. Height and weight were measured, and the BMI was calculated. Sleep habits, sedentary behaviors (i.e., TV viewing, computer and electronic games use), and active play were assessed by questionnaire. One-way analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and logistic regression analysis were used, with adjustments to potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urban males were significantly less active and spent more time in all sedentary activities than their nonurban peers during the week and the weekend. Urban girls spent significantly more time than their nonurban counterparts watching TV and playing electronic games. Furthermore, both urban and nonurban children with higher BMI had a relative higher risk of having unhealthy sleep duration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings revealed important associations between BMI and sleep duration in both urban and nonurban children. Place of residence has an important impact on weight status of this sample of children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Vandana, D. Kandaswamy, M. S. Muthu, M. B. Aswath Narayanan
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the sequence and eruption chronology of permanent teeth in school children and adolescents of Chennai and compare the findings with an existing standard table. Additionally, the study also attempted to explore the influence of sex, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES) on tooth eruption patterns.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was designed, and 12,650 children aged 5–18 years were selected from thirty-five schools using a multistage random sampling method. The clinical eruption status of all permanent teeth was evaluated using a new grading system. The chronology of permanent teeth eruption was determined using probit regression analysis while the intergroup comparison was carried out using the unpaired t-test and anova test.
Results
The study sample included 6414 males and 6236 females. The mandibular first molar emerged as the first tooth at 5.5 years, whereas the maxillary second molar was the last to erupt, appearing at 11.9 years. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) was noted between the sexes, BMI, and SES categories for most teeth; however, the variation was only 1–3 months.
Conclusion
An accelerated eruption pattern was observed for all teeth, except the mandibular canines, with a notable reversal in the maxillary sequence, where canines erupted before the first premolars. Tooth eruption occurred earlier in females, in the lower jaw, right side, in normal BMI, and high SES categories. A new eruption chart has been proposed for the Indian population, based on robust data from this study, providing an updated standard reference for assessing permanent tooth emergence.
{"title":"Sequence and Chronology of Permanent Teeth Eruption in 5–18-Year-Old School Children of Chennai and the Influence of Sex, BMI, and Socio-Economic Status","authors":"S. Vandana, D. Kandaswamy, M. S. Muthu, M. B. Aswath Narayanan","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine the sequence and eruption chronology of permanent teeth in school children and adolescents of Chennai and compare the findings with an existing standard table. Additionally, the study also attempted to explore the influence of sex, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES) on tooth eruption patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was designed, and 12,650 children aged 5–18 years were selected from thirty-five schools using a multistage random sampling method. The clinical eruption status of all permanent teeth was evaluated using a new grading system. The chronology of permanent teeth eruption was determined using probit regression analysis while the intergroup comparison was carried out using the unpaired <i>t</i>-test and <span>anova</span> test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study sample included 6414 males and 6236 females. The mandibular first molar emerged as the first tooth at 5.5 years, whereas the maxillary second molar was the last to erupt, appearing at 11.9 years. A statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) was noted between the sexes, BMI, and SES categories for most teeth; however, the variation was only 1–3 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An accelerated eruption pattern was observed for all teeth, except the mandibular canines, with a notable reversal in the maxillary sequence, where canines erupted before the first premolars. Tooth eruption occurred earlier in females, in the lower jaw, right side, in normal BMI, and high SES categories. A new eruption chart has been proposed for the Indian population, based on robust data from this study, providing an updated standard reference for assessing permanent tooth emergence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darina Falbová, Petra Švábová, Radoslav Beňuš, Alexandra Hozáková, Simona Sulis, Lenka Vorobeľová
Objectives
This study examines the relationship between self-reported lactose intolerance (LI), environmental factors, and their effects on bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults from Slovakia.
Methods
We assessed 985 adults aged 18–30 years, with an average age of 21.61 ± 2.32 years, who were enrolled in this pilot cross-sectional study during the period 2019–2023. Individual environmental factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, milk and milk product intake, and calcium intake) and self-reported LI were assessed using a detailed questionnaire. BMD was analyzed using the QUS device (Sunlight MiniOmni), and total weight was measured with the InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer.
Results
Linear regression analysis showed the independent influence of age, total weight, and the presence of LI on the speed of sound in meters per second (SOS; m/s) and Z-score parameters in women (p < 0.05), whereas in men, age and smoking status were significant predictors of SOS (p < 0.05), and age and LI status significantly influenced the Z-score (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In the present study of young Slovak adults, the presence of self-reported LI and smoking had a negative effect on BMD, resulting in lower BMD in the radius.
{"title":"Association Between Self-Reported Lactose Intolerance, Additional Environmental Factors, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Adults","authors":"Darina Falbová, Petra Švábová, Radoslav Beňuš, Alexandra Hozáková, Simona Sulis, Lenka Vorobeľová","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the relationship between self-reported lactose intolerance (LI), environmental factors, and their effects on bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults from Slovakia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed 985 adults aged 18–30 years, with an average age of 21.61 ± 2.32 years, who were enrolled in this pilot cross-sectional study during the period 2019–2023. Individual environmental factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, milk and milk product intake, and calcium intake) and self-reported LI were assessed using a detailed questionnaire. BMD was analyzed using the QUS device (Sunlight MiniOmni), and total weight was measured with the InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Linear regression analysis showed the independent influence of age, total weight, and the presence of LI on the speed of sound in meters per second (SOS; m/s) and <i>Z</i>-score parameters in women (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas in men, age and smoking status were significant predictors of SOS (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and age and LI status significantly influenced the <i>Z</i>-score (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study of young Slovak adults, the presence of self-reported LI and smoking had a negative effect on BMD, resulting in lower BMD in the radius.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxidative stress (OS) is a key biological challenge and selective pressure for organisms with aerobic metabolism. The result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense, OS can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and plays an important role in driving variation in biological aging and health. Among humans, OS research has focused overwhelmingly on adults, with demonstrated connections between OS, inflammation, and metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions. Relatively little attention has been given to OS during childhood and adolescence. This lack of early life OS research exists despite clear implications for informing human life history evolution, subadult development, and lifelong health. Here, we review current knowledge on OS during human subadulthood. Our objectives are threefold: (1) To highlight common methods for measuring OS among children and adolescents and to establish typical measurement values; (2) To summarize the evidence linking demographic and ecological factors to variation in subadult OS; (3) To identify avenues for future OS research in human biology. Our review underscores an expanding methodological toolkit for assessing OS among children and adolescents. Subadult OS is considerably elevated compared to OS among adults, a pattern eliciting unknown consequences and likely related to increased early life metabolic demands (e.g., unique human brain development). Factors such as diet, physical activity, infectious disease, and structural neglect also appear to drive subadult OS. Current limitations for research on subadult OS are evident. Future work should emphasize evolutionary, biocultural, and energetic life course perspectives to advance this promising area of human biology.
{"title":"Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents: Insights Into Human Biology","authors":"Anna Samsonov, Samuel S. Urlacher","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24200","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxidative stress (OS) is a key biological challenge and selective pressure for organisms with aerobic metabolism. The result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense, OS can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and plays an important role in driving variation in biological aging and health. Among humans, OS research has focused overwhelmingly on adults, with demonstrated connections between OS, inflammation, and metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions. Relatively little attention has been given to OS during childhood and adolescence. This lack of early life OS research exists despite clear implications for informing human life history evolution, subadult development, and lifelong health. Here, we review current knowledge on OS during human subadulthood. Our objectives are threefold: (1) To highlight common methods for measuring OS among children and adolescents and to establish typical measurement values; (2) To summarize the evidence linking demographic and ecological factors to variation in subadult OS; (3) To identify avenues for future OS research in human biology. Our review underscores an expanding methodological toolkit for assessing OS among children and adolescents. Subadult OS is considerably elevated compared to OS among adults, a pattern eliciting unknown consequences and likely related to increased early life metabolic demands (e.g., unique human brain development). Factors such as diet, physical activity, infectious disease, and structural neglect also appear to drive subadult OS. Current limitations for research on subadult OS are evident. Future work should emphasize evolutionary, biocultural, and energetic life course perspectives to advance this promising area of human biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Wilson, K. M. N. Lee, D. E. Ehrlich, M. P. Rogers-LaVanne, G. Jasienska, A. Galbarczyk, K. B. H. Clancy
Objectives
We need to better understand how the menstrual cycle interacts with other biological systems, such the inflammation and immune response. One way to study this interaction is through C-reactive protein (CRP). Studies of CRP concentrations across the menstrual cycle have been inconsistent. This study explores menstrual cycle CRP variation in two geographically different samples of Polish and Polish American individuals.
Methods
Analyses were conducted on 76 Polish and 22 Polish American daily urine samples collected on the first day of menstruation until the start of their next period. CRP, estrone-3-glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide were assayed. Sample-specific linear mixed models were used to examine cycle effects and median CRP concentrations across cycle phases and between the start of menses and remainder of the cycle were compared using Kruskal-Wallace and Dunn tests.
Results
Polish and Polish American samples had distinct menstrual cycle CRP phenotypes. The Polish sample did not show cycle effects. The Polish American LMM demonstrated that CRP decreases after the first 3 days of menses (estimate −0.17, t-value −5.2). The KW and Dunn tests supported this. CRP concentrations were higher during the early follicular (median 0.406, p < 0.05), specifically the first 3 days of menstruation (median 0.466, p < 0.01), and lower in the luteal (median 0.277, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Results suggest that changes in CRP during menstrual cycle are not universal across populations. In the Polish American sample, CRP was highest during the early follicular, specifically the first 3 days of menstruation, suggesting a potential relationship between the menstrual cycle and inflammation.
{"title":"Cycle Effects Are Not Universal: A Case Study of Urinary C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Rural Polish and Polish American Samples","authors":"M. A. Wilson, K. M. N. Lee, D. E. Ehrlich, M. P. Rogers-LaVanne, G. Jasienska, A. Galbarczyk, K. B. H. Clancy","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We need to better understand how the menstrual cycle interacts with other biological systems, such the inflammation and immune response. One way to study this interaction is through C-reactive protein (CRP). Studies of CRP concentrations across the menstrual cycle have been inconsistent. This study explores menstrual cycle CRP variation in two geographically different samples of Polish and Polish American individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analyses were conducted on 76 Polish and 22 Polish American daily urine samples collected on the first day of menstruation until the start of their next period. CRP, estrone-3-glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide were assayed. Sample-specific linear mixed models were used to examine cycle effects and median CRP concentrations across cycle phases and between the start of menses and remainder of the cycle were compared using Kruskal-Wallace and Dunn tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polish and Polish American samples had distinct menstrual cycle CRP phenotypes. The Polish sample did not show cycle effects. The Polish American LMM demonstrated that CRP decreases after the first 3 days of menses (estimate −0.17, <i>t</i>-value −5.2). The KW and Dunn tests supported this. CRP concentrations were higher during the early follicular (median 0.406, <i>p</i> < 0.05), specifically the first 3 days of menstruation (median 0.466, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and lower in the luteal (median 0.277, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results suggest that changes in CRP during menstrual cycle are not universal across populations. In the Polish American sample, CRP was highest during the early follicular, specifically the first 3 days of menstruation, suggesting a potential relationship between the menstrual cycle and inflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
dos Santos E. A., L. A. M. Cavalheiro, D. Rodrigues, A. Machado-Rodrigues, M. R. Silva, H. Nogueira, and C. Padez. 2023. “Is More Prolonged Sun Exposure Associated With Healthier Life Habits and Obesity Indicators in Portuguese Children?” American Journal of Human Biology 35, no. 9: e23918. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23918.
In Table 3 of the originally published version of this article, the values for active play and screen time on each electronic device are not presented in minutes. The correct version is below.
We apologize for this error.
{"title":"Correction to “Is More Prolonged Sun Exposure Associated With Healthier Life Habits and Obesity Indicators in Portuguese Children?”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>dos Santos E. A., L. A. M. Cavalheiro, D. Rodrigues, A. Machado-Rodrigues, M. R. Silva, H. Nogueira, and C. Padez. 2023. “Is More Prolonged Sun Exposure Associated With Healthier Life Habits and Obesity Indicators in Portuguese Children?” <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> 35, no. 9: e23918. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23918.</p><p>In Table 3 of the originally published version of this article, the values for active play and screen time on each electronic device are not presented in minutes. The correct version is below.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.24204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natália Batista Albuquerque Goulart Lemos, Valerie Carson, Pablo Gabriel da Silva Santos, Fernando de Aguiar Lemos, Michael Duncan, Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
Background
Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines has been associated with early health benefits, including neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the associations between these guidelines and Cognitive (CSR) and Behavioral (BSR) self-regulation in preschoolers are underexplored. This study investigated the associations between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and CSR and BSR in Brazilian preschoolers.
Methods
A total of 223 preschoolers (4.76 ± 0.32 years old; 50.67% boys) participated. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with Actigraph wGT3X. Parents reported children's sleep and screen time. CSR was evaluated through iPad games, and BSR was assessed using the Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders test revised.
Results
Boys showed higher adherence to the PA recommendation than girls (52.2% vs. 32.7%, χ2 = 0.003), whereas a higher percentage of girls did not adhere to any recommendations (23.6% vs. 12.4%, χ2 = 0.029). Positive association was found between adherence to combined PA and screen time with cognitive flexibility (β = 4.091 [95% CI: 0.699, 7.754]). Adherence to PA was associated with lower BSR scores (β = −7.104 [−13.52, −0.623]), as was adherence to combined PA and sleep duration (β = −8.813 [−15.794, −1.397]).
Conclusion
This study highlighted differences in adherence to movement behavior guidelines between boys and girls, as well as demonstrated that different combinations of these behaviors can affect preschoolers' cognitive and behavioral levels of self-regulation in distinct ways.
{"title":"Adherence to the 24-h Movement Behaviors Guidelines and Associations With Cognitive and Behavioral Self-Regulation Among Brazilian Preschoolers","authors":"Natália Batista Albuquerque Goulart Lemos, Valerie Carson, Pablo Gabriel da Silva Santos, Fernando de Aguiar Lemos, Michael Duncan, Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24206","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines has been associated with early health benefits, including neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the associations between these guidelines and Cognitive (CSR) and Behavioral (BSR) self-regulation in preschoolers are underexplored. This study investigated the associations between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and CSR and BSR in Brazilian preschoolers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 223 preschoolers (4.76 ± 0.32 years old; 50.67% boys) participated. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with Actigraph wGT3X. Parents reported children's sleep and screen time. CSR was evaluated through iPad games, and BSR was assessed using the Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders test revised.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Boys showed higher adherence to the PA recommendation than girls (52.2% vs. 32.7%, χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.003), whereas a higher percentage of girls did not adhere to any recommendations (23.6% vs. 12.4%, χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.029). Positive association was found between adherence to combined PA and screen time with cognitive flexibility (<i>β</i> = 4.091 [95% CI: 0.699, 7.754]). Adherence to PA was associated with lower BSR scores (<i>β</i> = −7.104 [−13.52, −0.623]), as was adherence to combined PA and sleep duration (<i>β</i> = −8.813 [−15.794, −1.397]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlighted differences in adherence to movement behavior guidelines between boys and girls, as well as demonstrated that different combinations of these behaviors can affect preschoolers' cognitive and behavioral levels of self-regulation in distinct ways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyanka Bala, Niladri Das, Marek Kociuba, Kaushik Bose, Slawomir Koziel, Raja Chakraborty
Background
The relationship between early age at menarche (AAM) and body height (HT), including its different segments has not been extensively studied among non Western populations. Lengths of the lower (distal) part of the leg, such as knee HT (KH) and tibial length (TbL), are considered to be sensitive indicators of living conditions during early growth and development. Life history theory predicts that within a survival challenge the growth of vital parts of the body shall be prioritized over less essential parts. The present study hypothesized that earlier age at menarche would be associated with shorter tibial length in resource constrained settings.
Aim
To investigate the potential associations of menarcheal age with HT, KH, TbL, and other linear components of HT among the Bengalee schoolgirls aged 10–13 years.
Methods
Among the 208 girls aged 10–13 years, menarcheal status and age at menarche were determined by status quo and retrospective methods, respectively. Lower leg length was represented by two measures, KH and the supracutaneous measure of TbL. The differences in HT, sitting HT (SH), total leg length (LL), thigh length (TL), KH, and TbL, between pre-menarcheal-(PMG) and post-menarcheal girls (POMG), as well as between earlier menarcheal-(EMG) and later menarcheal girls (LMG), were assessed by student t-test and analysis of covariance.
Results
The POMG were heavier, taller and had higher adiposity than their PMG peers, without showing any significant age-difference. HT, knee HT, TbL, and TbL to HT ratio showed significant differences between the EMG and LMG. The EMG showed lower values for all of those measures and the strongest difference was observed for TbL. However, there were no significant differences in SH and SHR between EMG and LMG.
Conclusions
The study indicated a possible effect of early AAM on growth of distal body parts in a resource poor socioeconomic condition. Further studies on the relationship between growth and AAM among different populations living in different socio-ecological conditions could be worth conducting.
{"title":"Age at Menarche Is Associated With Leg-Length Components Among the Adolescent Girls in West Bengal, India","authors":"Priyanka Bala, Niladri Das, Marek Kociuba, Kaushik Bose, Slawomir Koziel, Raja Chakraborty","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between early age at menarche (AAM) and body height (HT), including its different segments has not been extensively studied among non Western populations. Lengths of the lower (distal) part of the leg, such as knee HT (KH) and tibial length (TbL), are considered to be sensitive indicators of living conditions during early growth and development. Life history theory predicts that within a survival challenge the growth of vital parts of the body shall be prioritized over less essential parts. The present study hypothesized that earlier age at menarche would be associated with shorter tibial length in resource constrained settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the potential associations of menarcheal age with HT, KH, TbL, and other linear components of HT among the Bengalee schoolgirls aged 10–13 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 208 girls aged 10–13 years, menarcheal status and age at menarche were determined by status quo and retrospective methods, respectively. Lower leg length was represented by two measures, KH and the supracutaneous measure of TbL. The differences in HT, sitting HT (SH), total leg length (LL), thigh length (TL), KH, and TbL, between pre-menarcheal-(PMG) and post-menarcheal girls (POMG), as well as between earlier menarcheal-(EMG) and later menarcheal girls (LMG), were assessed by student <i>t</i>-test and analysis of covariance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The POMG were heavier, taller and had higher adiposity than their PMG peers, without showing any significant age-difference. HT, knee HT, TbL, and TbL to HT ratio showed significant differences between the EMG and LMG. The EMG showed lower values for all of those measures and the strongest difference was observed for TbL. However, there were no significant differences in SH and SHR between EMG and LMG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study indicated a possible effect of early AAM on growth of distal body parts in a resource poor socioeconomic condition. Further studies on the relationship between growth and AAM among different populations living in different socio-ecological conditions could be worth conducting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makenna B. Lenover Moyer, Krishangi Jasani, Alexandra B. Waldman, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Mary K. Shenk
Objectives
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework contends that chronic diseases are attributable to behavioral and environmental risks encountered during vital periods of fetal and childhood development. Clinical research investigating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) largely focuses on adult risk factors, with emerging evidence of epigenetic contributions. Limited work considers potential childhood exposures. This paper applies a life course approach to the study of IBS, exploring the available evidence to ascertain the potential developmental origins of IBS.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted adhering to MOOSE and PRISMA protocols, identifying papers from 1970 through April 2024 examining all IBS risk factors during the prenatal, postnatal, childhood, and adolescent periods. Data were extracted from screened papers and analyzed via meta-analysis using a random effects model.
Results
A total of 27 case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies were identified for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed significant childhood risk factors for adult IBS, including family history (pooled OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.89–2.49, p < 0.0001, n = 11) and the occurrence of any childhood trauma event (pooled OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.29–2.01, p < 0.0001, n = 6). Physical and sexual trauma were the strongest trauma predictors. Factors including breastfeeding and Cesarean section were not significant.
Conclusions
This study found IBS is strongly predicted by traumatic childhood experiences, as well as having an immediate family member with IBS. These demonstrated environmental and genetic components indicate a potential gene–environment interaction during childhood, suggesting a need for primary research to better understand the developmental origins of IBS.
{"title":"The Developmental Origins of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Makenna B. Lenover Moyer, Krishangi Jasani, Alexandra B. Waldman, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Mary K. Shenk","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24209","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24209","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework contends that chronic diseases are attributable to behavioral and environmental risks encountered during vital periods of fetal and childhood development. Clinical research investigating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) largely focuses on adult risk factors, with emerging evidence of epigenetic contributions. Limited work considers potential childhood exposures. This paper applies a life course approach to the study of IBS, exploring the available evidence to ascertain the potential developmental origins of IBS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature review was conducted adhering to MOOSE and PRISMA protocols, identifying papers from 1970 through April 2024 examining all IBS risk factors during the prenatal, postnatal, childhood, and adolescent periods. Data were extracted from screened papers and analyzed via meta-analysis using a random effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 27 case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies were identified for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed significant childhood risk factors for adult IBS, including family history (pooled OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.89–2.49, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, <i>n</i> = 11) and the occurrence of any childhood trauma event (pooled OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.29–2.01, p < 0.0001, <i>n</i> = 6). Physical and sexual trauma were the strongest trauma predictors. Factors including breastfeeding and Cesarean section were not significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found IBS is strongly predicted by traumatic childhood experiences, as well as having an immediate family member with IBS. These demonstrated environmental and genetic components indicate a potential gene–environment interaction during childhood, suggesting a need for primary research to better understand the developmental origins of IBS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.24209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mukhtiar Hussain Ibupoto, Athar Ali Shah, Anbang Loong
Introduction
The study explores the relationship between son preference and the desire for more children in the context of polygyny in Pakistan. It also highlights the link between household wealth status and son preference.
Methods
Data analysis entails logistic regression and simple linear regression tests utilizing data from the Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018. The sample size comprises 1796 women, belonging to polygynous families.
Results
The findings show that at each parity, the desire for more children strengthens with an increasing number of girls than boys and it moderates with a balanced sex composition of children. The overall desire for more children slightly decreases with the increasing number of children, yet it is greater among women having fewer sons than daughters. Son preferences increase with increasing wealth.
Conclusion
Women with more girls than boys continuously show a higher desire for more children. That could be translated as a pursuit of the desired number of sons. Son preference significantly shows a positive association with household wealth status.
{"title":"Son Preference, Household Wealth Status, and Desire for More Children in the Context of Polygyny in Pakistan","authors":"Mukhtiar Hussain Ibupoto, Athar Ali Shah, Anbang Loong","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.24201","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.24201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study explores the relationship between son preference and the desire for more children in the context of polygyny in Pakistan. It also highlights the link between household wealth status and son preference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data analysis entails logistic regression and simple linear regression tests utilizing data from the Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018. The sample size comprises 1796 women, belonging to polygynous families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings show that at each parity, the desire for more children strengthens with an increasing number of girls than boys and it moderates with a balanced sex composition of children. The overall desire for more children slightly decreases with the increasing number of children, yet it is greater among women having fewer sons than daughters. Son preferences increase with increasing wealth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women with more girls than boys continuously show a higher desire for more children. That could be translated as a pursuit of the desired number of sons. Son preference significantly shows a positive association with household wealth status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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