American Journal of Human Biology最新文献_第3页

Total Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Profiles Among Reindeer Herders and Office Workers of Northern Finland 芬兰北部驯鹿牧民和办公室职员的总能量消耗和身体活动概况。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70188

Ville Stenbäck, Minna Turunen, Päivi Soppela, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Cara Ocobock

Objectives

In the Arctic, climate change increases extreme weather events and unpredictability, affects food chains, increases transportational needs, and decreases physical activity (PA) and estimated total energy expenditure (eTEE). Thus, understanding how climate change affects inhabitants of different environments is increasingly important. The reindeer herders of Finnish Lapland are exposed to changing weather conditions year-round and have a highly physically demanding occupation.

Materials and Methods

We studied eTEE, physical activity level (PAL), and PA profiles of reindeer herders (n = 10) and office workers (n = 13) in the Inari Municipality area in Finland February of 2023 as a pilot study. eTEE was estimated using the FLEX-HR method and PA parameters were measured using accelerometry.

Results

We did not observe any statistically significant differences between the occupations, but there was a trend of reindeer herders being heavier, having more muscle mass, and greater eTEEs relative to office workers. eTEE for herders was 2887.1 ± 1675.4 and 2038.9 ± 593.1 kcal/day for office workers.

Discussion

With the seasonal nature of reindeer herding, February is a period of relative ease following the physically demanding round-up period that lasts from September to January, which may explain these results. Furthermore, large variation in the main variables of eTEE and PAL highlights the need for a larger study population. Therefore, a seasonal assessment of PA and eTEE patterns in this unique population where herders and office workers live close to one another and share multiple lifestyle aspects in the rapidly warming Arctic is needed.

在北极，气候变化增加了极端天气事件和不可预测性，影响了食物链，增加了运输需求，减少了身体活动（PA）和估计的总能量消耗（eTEE）。因此，了解气候变化如何影响不同环境的居民变得越来越重要。芬兰拉普兰的驯鹿牧民全年都要面对不断变化的天气条件，这是一项对体力要求很高的职业。材料和方法：我们研究了2023年2月芬兰伊纳里市地区驯鹿牧民（n = 10）和办公室工作人员（n = 13）的eTEE、身体活动水平（PAL）和PA谱，作为一项试点研究。使用FLEX-HR法估计eTEE，使用加速度计测量PA参数。结果：我们没有观察到职业之间有统计学上的显著差异，但与办公室职员相比，驯鹿牧民的体重更重，肌肉质量更大，etee也更大。牧民的eTEE为2887.1±1675.4千卡/天，上班族的eTEE为2038.9±593.1千卡/天。讨论：由于驯鹿放牧的季节性，在从9月到1月的体力消耗旺盛的围捕期之后，2月是相对轻松的一段时间，这可能解释了这些结果。此外，eTEE和PAL主要变量的巨大变化表明需要更大的研究人群。因此，有必要对这一独特人群的PA和eTEE模式进行季节性评估，因为牧民和办公室工作人员在快速变暖的北极地区彼此居住得很近，并共享多种生活方式。

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引用次数: 0

Social Mobility of the Father and Relative Body Weight of Offspring: A Three-Generation Study 父亲的社会流动性与后代相对体重：一个三代的研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70189

Aleksandra Gomula, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Monika Zaręba, Sławomir Kozieł

Objectives

This study investigates the relation between intergenerational social mobility and body mass index (BMI) across three generations, focusing on age and sex differences.

Methods

The sample consisted of four child cohorts (born in 1980, 1983, 1985, 1988) measured annually from 6 to 11, 9 to 14, 11 to 16, and 14 to 18 years of age, examined between 1994 and 1999 in Poland. Body height and weight were recorded for 4196 grandfather-father-son/daughter triplets. BMI was calculated and standardized for age (Z-BMI). Social mobility was classified as upward, downward, “lower” stable, and “upper” stable. Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to assess the relationship between social mobility and Z-BMI across different age groups and sexes.

Results

In the parental generation, a significant effect of upward mobility was found in fathers. In the third generation, girls from “upper” group had significantly higher Z-BMI in comparison with “lower” and upwardly mobile peers, while boys from “upper” and upwardly mobile groups had significantly higher Z-BMI compared to the “lower” group. When analyzing specific age cohorts, significant effects were found in the two youngest cohorts, where children from the “upper” group had higher Z-BMI compared to their “lower” peers; moreover, the youngest children from upwardly mobile families had higher Z-BMI compared to the “lower” counterparts. Among adolescent girls born in 1983, the significant association between social mobility and BMI showed an emerging marginal trend in the opposite direction.

Conclusions

This study identified age- and sex-related variation in the associations between intergenerational social mobility and BMI, contributing to a broader understanding of how intergenerational processes relate to physical development.

目的：本研究探讨了代际社会流动性与身体质量指数（BMI）之间的关系，重点研究了年龄和性别差异。方法：样本包括四个儿童队列（出生于1980年、1983年、1985年、1988年），每年从6岁到11岁、9岁到14岁、11岁到16岁和14岁到18岁，于1994年至1999年在波兰进行检查。对4196名祖父、父亲、儿子/女儿三胞胎的身高和体重进行了记录。计算BMI并按年龄标准化（Z-BMI）。社会流动性分为向上、向下、“较低”稳定和“较高”稳定。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验评估社会流动性与Z-BMI在不同年龄组和性别之间的关系。结果：在父母代中，父亲对向上流动的影响显著。在第三代中，“上层”组女生的Z-BMI显著高于“下层”组和向上流动组，“上层”组和向上流动组男生的Z-BMI显著高于“下层”组。当分析特定的年龄队列时，在两个最年轻的队列中发现了显著的影响，其中来自“较高”组的儿童与他们的“较低”同龄人相比具有更高的Z-BMI；此外，来自向上流动家庭的最小的孩子与“较低”的同龄人相比，Z-BMI更高。在1983年出生的青春期女孩中，社会流动性与BMI之间的显著关联呈现出相反方向的边缘趋势。结论：本研究确定了代际社会流动性与BMI之间的年龄和性别相关差异，有助于更广泛地理解代际过程与身体发育的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Sex-Specific Sociocultural Determinants in High-Risk Rural Punjab, India 低收入和中等收入国家的肥胖：印度旁遮普高风险农村地区性别特异性社会文化决定因素。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70186

Thiyam Seityajit Singh, Naorem Kiranmala Devi, Kallur Nava Saraswathy, R. P. Mitra, Ranjita Pandey, Abigail Lalnuneng

Background

Obesity is a critical public health challenge in South Asia, yet region-specific data remain limited. This study examines the prevalence and sex-specific sociodemographic, economic, and behavioral determinants of obesity in rural Punjab, India.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study of 2349 adults in Mansa district, Punjab, assessed general obesity using BMI and central obesity by WC, WHR, and WHtR. Structured interviews captured sociodemographic, economic, and behavioral data. Sex-stratified logistic regression models estimated AORs for obesity.

Results

General obesity was high (69.6%), with central obesity more pronounced (WC: 76%; WHtR: 85.8%; WHR: 93.4%). Females had significantly higher obesity risk (WC and WHR) than males. In males, obesity risk peaked at ages 40–49 (BMI, WC, and WHtR) and 50–59 (WHR), while females' risk increased from 50 years (WC) and ≥ 60 years (WHR and WHtR). Education and income showed sex-specific associations: primary education increased females' risk (WC), and senior secondary and higher increased males' risk (BMI) compared with those with no formal education but decreased at higher education levels in females. Higher income increased obesity risk in males (BMI, WC, and WHtR). Belonging to the Jatt Sikh community and sedentary behavior increased obesity risk in both sexes.

Conclusion

The higher central obesity among women reflects gendered vulnerabilities shaped by socioeconomic and educational disparities. The coexistence of high central obesity and sedentary behavior in a transitioning rural context highlights the shifting sociocultural landscape of obesity in LMICs. Age-related decrease in general but persistent central obesity warrants longitudinal biocultural investigations.

背景：在南亚，肥胖是一个重要的公共卫生挑战，但区域特定数据仍然有限。本研究调查了印度旁遮普邦农村肥胖的患病率和性别特异性社会人口、经济和行为决定因素。方法：对旁遮普省曼萨地区2349名成年人进行基于人群的横断面研究，通过体重指数和腰围、腰臀比和腰臀比评估一般肥胖。结构化访谈收集了社会人口、经济和行为数据。性别分层逻辑回归模型估计肥胖的AORs。结果：全身性肥胖高（69.6%），中心性肥胖更为明显（WC: 76%; WHtR: 85.8%; WHR: 93.4%）。女性肥胖风险（腰围和腰粗比）明显高于男性。在男性中，肥胖风险在40-49岁（BMI、WC和WHtR）和50-59岁（WHR）达到高峰，而女性从50岁（WC）和≥60岁（WHR和WHtR）开始增加。教育和收入表现出性别特异性的关联：初等教育增加了女性的风险（WC），而高中和更高的男性风险（BMI）与没有受过正规教育的女性相比有所增加，但女性在高等教育水平上有所下降。高收入增加了男性肥胖的风险（BMI、WC和WHtR）。属于贾特锡克教社区和久坐行为增加了两性肥胖的风险。结论：女性中心性肥胖较高反映了社会经济和教育差异形成的性别脆弱性。中枢性高肥胖和久坐行为在转型农村环境中的共存，突显了中低收入国家肥胖的社会文化景观的变化。与年龄相关的普遍但持续的中心性肥胖减少值得纵向生物培养调查。

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引用次数: 0

Growth Patterns and Permanent Tooth Eruption in 5–18-Year-Old School Children of Chennai, India: A Correlational Analysis 印度金奈5-18岁学龄儿童的生长模式与恒牙萌出：相关分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70185

S. Vandana, M. S. Muthu, D. Kandaswamy, M. B. Aswath Narayanan

Objectives

The study aimed to determine the relationship between the eruption timing of permanent teeth and anthropological assessments (height and weight) in children from Chennai, India.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was designed, and 12650 children were selected using a multistage random sampling method. The clinical eruption status of all permanent teeth was evaluated using a novel grading system, and correlational analysis determined the relationship between height/weight and tooth eruption age.

Results

The study found statistically significant associations between tooth eruption ages and both height and weight. While the correlation for height was weak and non-significant (r = −0.023 to 0.151, including zero), the correlation for weight was more pronounced (r = 0.044 to 0.519).

Conclusion

The study suggests that both height and weight are significantly associated with tooth eruption ages, but weight has a stronger and more consistent influence. Individuals with obesity tend to experience delayed tooth eruption.

目的：本研究旨在确定印度金奈儿童恒牙萌牙时间与人类学评估（身高和体重）之间的关系。材料与方法：采用横断面研究设计，采用多阶段随机抽样方法，抽取12650名儿童。采用新的分级系统对所有恒牙的临床萌牙状态进行评价，并通过相关分析确定身高/体重与萌牙年龄之间的关系。结果：研究发现出牙年龄与身高和体重之间有统计学意义的关联。虽然身高的相关性较弱且不显著（r = -0.023至0.151，包括零），但体重的相关性更为明显（r = 0.044至0.519）。结论：身高、体重与出牙年龄均有显著相关性，但体重对出牙年龄的影响更强、更一致。肥胖的人往往会延迟长牙。

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引用次数: 0

A Competitive Immunoassay for Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Dried Blood Spots 干燥血斑中硫酸脱氢表雄酮的竞争性免疫分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70182

Elena Hinz, Aaron A. Miller, Herman Pontzer

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is a steroid hormone commonly measured to assess neuroendocrine activity related to HPA-axis function, stress physiology, and broader health outcomes, with significance for Human Biology research. To facilitate research assessing DHEA-S concentrations using minimally invasive sample collection methods, we present validation results for a competitive immunoassay to quantify DHEA-S in dried blood spots (DBS) collected via finger prick. Results demonstrate acceptable levels of inter- and intra-assay variation, linearity of dilution, lowest limit of detection, and agreement between matched DBS and plasma samples (Pearson's R = 0.96). The protocol presented here using a modified commercially available assay kit offers a practical alternative for evaluating DHEA-S in a wide range of settings.

硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEA-S）是一种类固醇激素，通常用于评估与hpa轴功能、应激生理和更广泛的健康结果相关的神经内分泌活性，在人类生物学研究中具有重要意义。为了促进微创采集方法评估DHEA-S浓度的研究，我们提出了一种竞争性免疫分析法的验证结果，该方法通过手指刺破采集的干血斑（DBS）来定量DHEA-S。结果显示了可接受水平的测定间和测定内的变化、稀释的线性、最低检测限以及匹配DBS和血浆样品之间的一致性（Pearson’s R = 0.96）。本文提出的方案使用改良的市售检测试剂盒，为在广泛的环境中评估DHEA-S提供了一种实用的替代方案。

引用次数: 0

Contextualizing Population Genetic Models of Sex-Biased Migration and Admixture 性别偏向迁移和混合的群体遗传模型语境化。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70183

Miriam Miyagi, Emilia Huerta-Sánchez, Sarah S. Richardson

Models of sex-biased migration or admixture in human history often use sex itself as the factor that controls the probability that an individual migrates. This modeling strategy unites work across a large range of times and populations, from Neanderthal archaic introgression to the consequences of colonialism. However, inferring the degree of sex bias in a migration event from a general model relies on the assumption that two equally sex-biased events should leave equivalent signals, on average, in the genome. We apply a contextualist view of sex to highlight the possible effects of intrasexual variation on the inference of sex-biased migration when individuals within a sex category are not exchangeable. Using simulations, we demonstrate that demographically identical migration events can leave distinguishable patterns of ancestry in the genome and argue that modeling intrasexual variation can be an important step in capturing the signals of sex-biased migration.

人类历史上的性别偏向迁移或混合模型经常使用性别本身作为控制个体迁移概率的因素。这种建模策略结合了大范围的时间和人口，从尼安德特人的古老渗透到殖民主义的后果。然而，从一般模型推断迁移事件中性别偏见的程度依赖于这样一个假设，即两个同样性别偏见的事件应该在基因组中平均留下相同的信号。我们应用性别的语境主义观点来强调当性别类别内的个体不可交换时，性内变异对性别偏见迁移推断的可能影响。通过模拟，我们证明了人口统计学上相同的迁移事件可以在基因组中留下可区分的祖先模式，并认为建模性内变异可能是捕获性别偏向迁移信号的重要一步。

引用次数: 0

A Pilot Study Exploring Biobehavioral, Psychosocial, and Demographic Factors Associated With Central Blood Pressure in Resettled Refugees in Syracuse, New York 一项探索在纽约锡拉丘兹重新安置难民中与中心血压相关的生物行为、社会心理和人口因素的初步研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70174

Waseem Sous, Aakritee Sharma, Andrea V. Shaw, Andrew R. Heckel, Kevin S. Heffernan, Miriam Mutambudzi

Objectives

Exposure to stressful and life-threatening events before resettlement, coupled with the acculturation challenges of adjusting to an unfamiliar host country post-relocation, may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in refugees. This pilot study examined the association between psychosocial-demographic factors with central blood pressure (BP), an established independent predictor of CVD, among resettled refugees living in Syracuse, New York.

Methods

One hundred fifty-seven first-generation resettled refugees receiving primary care services in the ambulatory Adult Medicine Clinic at an academic institution were recruited for the study during their clinic visit. Central systolic BP and pulse pressure (PP) were measured from brachial pulse wave analysis using a validated cuff-based oscillometric device. The relationship between psychosocial-demographic factors and central BP measures was assessed using forward stepwise linear regression.

Results

Age (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.40) and BMI (β = 0.77, 95% CI 0.39–1.16) were associated with an increased central systolic BP (p < 0.05). Age (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.28) and BMI (β = 0.38, 95% CI 0.13–0.62) were also associated with an increased central PP (p < 0.05). Other psychosocial-demographic factors such as non-engagement in the workforce due to disability, smoking, alcohol use, mental health disorders, history of chronic disease, employment, and educational attainment were not associated with increased central BP.

Conclusions

Among the various psychosocial-demographic CVD risk factors assessed in our study, traditional risk factors age and BMI were significant predictors of central BP in resettled refugees.

目的：在重新安置前面临压力和威胁生命的事件，再加上重新安置后适应不熟悉的东道国的文化适应挑战，可能会增加难民患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。这项初步研究调查了心理社会人口学因素与中心血压（BP）之间的关系，中心血压是一种已建立的心血管疾病的独立预测指标，研究对象是居住在纽约锡拉丘兹的重新安置难民。方法：在某学术机构成人门诊接受初级保健服务的157名第一代重新安置难民在他们的门诊访问期间被招募为研究对象。中央收缩压和脉压（PP）通过臂脉波分析，使用经过验证的袖带振荡仪测量。采用正向逐步线性回归评估心理-社会-人口因素与中心血压测量之间的关系。结果：年龄（β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.40）和BMI （β = 0.77, 95% CI 0.39-1.16）与中心收缩压升高相关(p结论：在我们研究评估的各种心理-社会-人口学心血管疾病危险因素中，传统危险因素年龄和BMI是重新安置难民中心收缩压升高的重要预测因素。

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引用次数: 0

Early Marriage, Preterm Birth, and School Dropout: An Intergenerational Cycle of Risk? 早婚、早产和辍学：风险的代际循环？

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70177

Jonathan C. Wells, Qisty Noviyanti, Akanksha A. Marphatia, Emeline Rougeaux

Background

Across generations, girls' early marriage recurs in high-risk groups; however there is poor understanding of how behavior and biology interact in this context. We hypothesized an intergenerational cycle of risk, linking early marriage, preterm birth, and school dropout, and evaluated evidence for specific components of this cycle in low-/middle-income countries.

Methods

We conducted a systematized review, searching articles published from 2000 to 2025. We tested four hypotheses. H1: early marriage is associated with preterm birth; H2: preterm birth is associated with low educational attainment; H3: school dropout is associated with early marriage. Hypothesis-specific search terms and eligibility criteria were applied. We also tested hypothesis H4: preterm birth is associated with reduced cognitive function, by evaluating systematic reviews of research from any setting.

Results

We identified 184 empirical articles for H1–H3, with 26 satisfying the criteria for full review, and 5 systematic reviews for H4. The available evidence supported H1 and H3, but was weak for H2. For H3, studies indicated contrasting directions of association. The systematic reviews demonstrated evidence supporting H4. The majority of empirical studies reviewed had a low risk of bias.

Conclusions

An intergenerational cycle of risk linking early marriage, preterm delivery and low educational attainment is plausible, involving both behavioral pathways (e.g., school dropout and early marriage) and biological mechanisms (e.g., preterm birth and cognitive function). Few studies have investigated the prospective associations of preterm birth with school outcomes, or school dropout with early marriage, in low- and middle-income countries.

背景：女孩早婚在高危人群中反复出现；然而，在这种情况下，人们对行为和生物学是如何相互作用的了解很少。我们假设存在风险的代际循环，将早婚、早产和辍学联系起来，并评估了低收入/中等收入国家中这一循环的具体组成部分的证据。方法：系统检索2000 ~ 2025年发表的文献。我们检验了四个假设。H1：早婚与早产有关；H2：早产与受教育程度低有关；辍学与早婚有关。应用了特定于假设的搜索条件和资格标准。我们还检验了假说H4：早产与认知功能下降有关，通过评估来自任何环境的研究的系统综述。结果：我们找到了184篇关于H1-H3的实证文章，其中26篇满足完全评价标准，5篇系统评价关于H4。现有证据支持H1和H3，但对H2的支持较弱。对于H3，研究显示了相反的关联方向。系统评价显示了支持H4的证据。所审查的大多数实证研究的偏倚风险较低。结论：早婚、早产和低受教育程度之间存在代际风险循环，这似乎是合理的，涉及行为途径（如辍学和早婚）和生物学机制（如早产和认知功能）。在低收入和中等收入国家，很少有研究调查早产与学业成绩或辍学与早婚的潜在关联。

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引用次数: 0

Physical Activity and Sex Steroid Hormones in Women: A Prospective Study 女性体力活动与性类固醇激素：一项前瞻性研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70184

Kinga Słojewska, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Magdalena Klimek, Mateusz Blukacz, Grazyna Jasienska

Objectives

Female reproductive function is sensitive to energetic stress and reacts to negative energy balance with reproductive suppression. This sensitivity is important for understanding human reproduction from an evolutionary perspective and also for the prevention of chronic diseases, especially hormone-dependent cancers such as breast cancer. High estradiol and progesterone levels increase cancer risk, and regular exercise may lower these hormones and cumulative hormonal exposure. This study examined the effects of increased physical activity during consecutive menstrual cycles on estradiol, progesterone, and the frequency of ovulation in healthy women.

Methods

Data were collected from 135 healthy, urban women who participated in the project for three consecutive menstrual cycles. In cycle 1, participants maintained their habitual activity; in cycles 2 and 3, they were requested to engage in at least 180 min per week of moderate physical activity. Physical activity was measured with wristband accelerometers. Estradiol and progesterone were assessed from daily saliva samples in cycles 1 and 3. Ovulation was monitored using urinary luteinizing hormone tests.

Results

Average daily step counts increased by ~14% from cycle 1 to cycle 2, with no further rise in cycle 3. Greater increases in daily steps from cycle 1 to cycle 3 were significantly associated with lower progesterone levels in cycle 3, after adjusting for baseline activity, baseline hormone levels, and body fat. Physical activity did not have a significant effect on estradiol. The occurrence of ovulation declined from 70% in cycle 1 to 39% in cycle 3, but it was not related to step counts or their changes.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that energy expenditure alone, even when not leading to negative energy balance, is sufficient to cause modest changes in ovarian function. Even moderate increases in physical activity can lower progesterone levels, reducing the chance of conception in a cycle and also the cumulative lifetime hormonal exposure. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging regular physical activity, particularly in premenopausal women, as a strategy to modulate hormone levels, maintain reproductive health, and potentially reduce the long-term risk of hormone-related cancers.

目的：女性生殖功能对能量应激敏感，以负能量平衡反应生殖抑制。这种敏感性对于从进化的角度理解人类生殖和预防慢性疾病，特别是激素依赖性癌症，如乳腺癌，都很重要。高水平的雌二醇和黄体酮会增加患癌症的风险，而经常锻炼可以降低这些激素和累积的激素暴露。本研究考察了健康女性在连续月经周期中增加体力活动对雌二醇、黄体酮和排卵频率的影响。方法：收集了135名健康的城市女性连续三个月经周期的数据。在第一个周期，参与者保持他们的习惯性活动；在第2和第3周期，他们被要求每周至少进行180分钟的适度体育活动。身体活动用腕带加速度计测量。在第1和第3周期每日唾液样本中评估雌二醇和黄体酮。排卵监测使用尿黄体生成素试验。结果：从第1周期到第2周期，平均每日步数增加了约14%，在第3周期没有进一步增加。在对基线活动量、基线激素水平和体脂进行调整后，从第1周期到第3周期每日步数的增加与第3周期中较低的孕酮水平显著相关。体育活动对雌二醇没有显著影响。排卵发生率从第1周期的70%下降到第3周期的39%，但与步数及其变化无关。结论：本研究证实，能量消耗本身，即使不导致负能量平衡，也足以引起卵巢功能的适度变化。即使适度增加体力活动也能降低黄体酮水平，减少一个周期内受孕的机会，也减少一生中累积的激素暴露。这些发现强调了鼓励定期体育锻炼的重要性，尤其是绝经前妇女，作为调节激素水平、维持生殖健康和潜在降低激素相关癌症长期风险的一种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in Height and Body Mass Among Adolescents Between 2002–2003 and 2019–2021 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China 香港特别行政区2002-2003年及2019-2021年青少年身高及体重趋势

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70180

Chengyue Li, Xuguang Wang

Objective

To assess secular trends in height and body mass among adolescents from 2002–2003 to 2019–2021 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

Methods

Height and body mass data for Hong Kong adolescents aged 12–17 years were obtained from the Survey on Physical Fitness Status of Hong Kong School Pupils in 2002–2003, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, and 2019–2021. Gender-specific two-way analysis of variance with age and wave as main factors, and age-by-wave as the interaction, was used to estimate the differences. The pace of secular trends was expressed as the changes every five years across adjacent waves.

Results

During the entire period, the average height increased by 2.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 2.6 cm) among boys and 1.8 cm (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.3 cm) among girls, while average body mass increased by 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.4 to 5.5 kg) and 2.1 kg (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.9 kg), respectively. Significant increases were observed in most age groups. The greatest increases in height occurred between 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 among boys and between 2014–2015 and 2019–2021 among girls. The greatest increases in body mass among boys occurred between 2014–2015 and 2019–2021. The increases in body mass among girls were relatively stable.

Conclusion

The height and body mass have increased among Hong Kong adolescents during the past nearly two decades. The downward trend in height and the upward trend in body mass among boys is concerning, and future health promotion strategies should prioritize them.

目的：评估2002-2003年至2019-2021年中国香港特别行政区青少年身高和体重的长期趋势。方法：从2002-2003年、2004-2005年、2009-2010年、2014-2015年和2019-2021年《香港小学生体质状况调查》中获取香港12-17岁青少年的身高和体重数据。以年龄和波浪为主要因素，以年龄和波浪为交互作用，采用性别双向方差分析来估计差异。长期趋势的速度表示为相邻波浪每五年的变化。结果：在整个期间，男孩的平均身高增加了2.0 cm(95%置信区间[CI]: 1.4至2.6 cm)，女孩的平均身高增加了1.8 cm (95% CI: 1.3至2.3 cm)，而平均体重分别增加了4.4 kg （95% CI: 3.4至5.5 kg）和2.1 kg （95% CI: 1.4至2.9 kg）。在大多数年龄组中观察到显著的增加。男孩在2002-2003年和2004-2005年期间以及女孩在2014-2015年和2019-2021年期间身高增长最快。2014-2015年至2019-2021年期间，男孩体重增幅最大。女孩体重的增加相对稳定。结论：近二十年来，香港青少年的身高和体重均有所增加。男孩的身高下降趋势和体重上升趋势令人担忧，未来的健康促进战略应优先考虑这一点。

{"title":"Trends in Height and Body Mass Among Adolescents Between 2002–2003 and 2019–2021 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","authors":"Chengyue Li, Xuguang Wang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess secular trends in height and body mass among adolescents from 2002–2003 to 2019–2021 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Height and body mass data for Hong Kong adolescents aged 12–17 years were obtained from the Survey on Physical Fitness Status of Hong Kong School Pupils in 2002–2003, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, and 2019–2021. Gender-specific two-way analysis of variance with age and wave as main factors, and age-by-wave as the interaction, was used to estimate the differences. The pace of secular trends was expressed as the changes every five years across adjacent waves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the entire period, the average height increased by 2.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 2.6 cm) among boys and 1.8 cm (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.3 cm) among girls, while average body mass increased by 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.4 to 5.5 kg) and 2.1 kg (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.9 kg), respectively. Significant increases were observed in most age groups. The greatest increases in height occurred between 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 among boys and between 2014–2015 and 2019–2021 among girls. The greatest increases in body mass among boys occurred between 2014–2015 and 2019–2021. The increases in body mass among girls were relatively stable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The height and body mass have increased among Hong Kong adolescents during the past nearly two decades. The downward trend in height and the upward trend in body mass among boys is concerning, and future health promotion strategies should prioritize them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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