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An Analysis of Muscle Quality and Its Relationship to Bone Density and Obesity in a Pediatric Autopsy Sample From New Mexico 新墨西哥州儿童尸检样本中肌肉质量及其与骨密度和肥胖的关系分析。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70227
Ethan C. Hill, Kathryn E. Coakley, Bria Riggs, Sage Templeton, Lexi O'Donnell

Introduction

Muscle quality metrics are useful indicators of physical activity and overall health but have been underexamined in pediatric samples. This study investigates associations between skeletal muscle area and density, bone mineral density (BMD), and obesity-related factors in a pediatric autopsy sample from New Mexico.

Methods

We analyzed postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) data of individuals aged 5–20.99 years at time of death. Skeletal muscle indices—muscle area relative to stature—were measured for the psoas major and thigh muscles at femoral midshaft. Muscle density was also calculated using Hounsfield units at these sites. Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship between these proxies of muscle quality to BMD, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), sex, race/ethnicity, age at death, and mode of death.

Results

Skeletal muscle indices and density were positively associated with femoral BMD in a pooled-sex sample and lumbar BMD in females. Skeletal muscle indices were positively associated with obesity and muscle density was negatively associated with levels of subcutaneous adiposity. A reduced psoas muscle index was significantly associated with MASLD in males. Males have greater skeletal muscle indices than females, but the sexes have similar muscle density. Native American individuals exhibited lower muscle indices compared to Hispanic and non-Hispanic White peers.

Conclusions

Muscle quality is positively related to skeletal health in girls and negatively associated with MASLD in boys. These findings underscore the importance of early-life physical activity and structural context in shaping musculoskeletal health.

简介:肌肉质量指标是身体活动和整体健康的有用指标,但在儿科样本中尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了新墨西哥州儿童尸检样本中骨骼肌面积与密度、骨矿物质密度(BMD)和肥胖相关因素之间的关系。方法:我们分析了死亡时年龄在5-20.99岁的个体的死后计算机断层扫描(PMCT)数据。骨骼肌指数——相对于身高的肌肉面积——测量了大腰肌和股中轴处的大腿肌肉。用霍斯菲尔德单位计算这些部位的肌肉密度。使用多元线性回归来检验这些肌肉质量与骨密度、肥胖、代谢功能障碍相关脂肪变性肝病(MASLD)、性别、种族/民族、死亡年龄和死亡方式之间的关系。结果:骨骼肌指数和骨密度与男性股骨骨密度和女性腰椎骨密度呈正相关。骨骼肌指数与肥胖呈正相关,肌肉密度与皮下脂肪水平呈负相关。腰肌指数降低与男性MASLD显著相关。雄性的骨骼肌指数高于雌性,但两性的肌肉密度相似。与西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人同龄人相比,美洲原住民的肌肉指数较低。结论:肌肉质量与女孩骨骼健康呈正相关,与男孩MASLD呈负相关。这些发现强调了生命早期体育活动和结构背景对塑造肌肉骨骼健康的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Misconceptions About Allometric Scaling Assumptions in Human Biology and Anthropology Research 人类生物学和人类学研究中关于异速缩放假设的误解。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70229
Lorenzo Lolli
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引用次数: 0
Silicone Wristbands for Measuring Human Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Uses and Benefits for Human Biological Research 用于测量人体接触有机化学品的硅胶腕带:用于人体生物学研究的用途和益处。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70187
Mecca E. Howe, Andrea S. Wiley, Yaw Edu Essandoh, Marta Venier

Increasing human exposure to environmental contaminants is a growing concern and has become an important factor within human biological variation and health outcomes. Yet, traditional exposure assessment methods are often limited in their ability to capture the complexity and variation of chemical exposure, or are invasive, costly, and challenging to apply in field-based research. Here, we introduce silicone wristbands as an innovative and noninvasive tool for measuring personal passive chemical exposure and highlight opportunities for their use in human biological research. The wristbands sequester organic chemicals across multiple media (e.g., air, water, dust) and capture both inhalation and dermal absorption. We describe how they work, how to deploy them in the field, how to extract and analyze the chemical composition, and their methodological advantages for human biological research. A case study assessing exposure to flame retardants and the relationship to body size among girls in Costa Rica demonstrates the application for human biological research in a tropical and remote setting. We argue that wristbands provide a noninvasive method for assessing individual exposomes and understanding how environments are embodied and become a meaningful axis of human biological variation. Additionally, they motivate interdisciplinary, ethical, and community-engaged research in diverse and hard-to-reach populations, aligning with future directions of the field of human biology.

人类越来越多地接触环境污染物是一个日益受到关注的问题,并已成为人类生物变异和健康结果中的一个重要因素。然而,传统的暴露评估方法往往在捕捉化学品暴露的复杂性和变化的能力方面受到限制,或者是侵入性的,昂贵的,并且在基于实地的研究中应用具有挑战性。在这里,我们介绍硅胶腕带作为一种创新和非侵入性的工具,用于测量个人被动化学暴露,并强调其在人类生物学研究中的应用机会。腕带通过多种介质(如空气、水、灰尘)隔离有机化学物质,并捕获吸入和皮肤吸收。我们描述了它们是如何工作的,如何在野外部署它们,如何提取和分析化学成分,以及它们在人类生物学研究中的方法优势。一项评估哥斯达黎加女孩接触阻燃剂及其与体型关系的个案研究显示了在热带和偏远地区进行人类生物学研究的应用。我们认为,腕带提供了一种非侵入性的方法来评估个体暴露和理解环境是如何体现的,并成为人类生物变异的一个有意义的轴。此外,它们还激发了跨学科、伦理和社区参与的研究,这些研究针对不同的、难以接触到的人群,与人类生物学领域的未来方向保持一致。
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引用次数: 0
Bitter Taste Perception in BaYaka Hunter-Gatherers 巴亚卡狩猎采集者的苦味感知。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70218
Sarai Keestra, Inez Derkx, Edmond Sylvestre Miabangana, Gaurav Sikka, Nikhil Chaudhary, Gul Deniz Salali

Objectives

This study examined variation in bitter taste perception among BaYaka hunter-gatherers from the Republic of Congo, comparing individuals from the same population that were born and grew up in a forest ecology to those from a logging town.

Methods

Bitter-tasting phenotype was assessed in 112 BaYaka individuals using a paper-strip taste-detection task with single-concentration strips of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and thiourea (thiocarbamide). Participants were grouped by the place where they were born and grew up: forest camps or the town. Logistic regression was used to test associations between location, sex, age, and bitter taste perception.

Results

Town-born individuals were more likely to perceive both compounds as bitter than forest-born individuals (PTC: OR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.75–9.17, p < 0.01; thiourea: OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.97–10.42, p < 0.01). No significant associations were found between bitter taste perception and sex or age.

Conclusion

Bitter-tasting phenotype differed among BaYaka individuals, with higher proportions of bitter tasters among those born and raised in town compared to those from forest camps. These results suggest that early-life ecological context may contribute towards variation in bitter taste perception, which we hypothesize might be due to differences in exposure to bitter wild plant compounds.

目的:本研究考察了来自刚果共和国的巴亚卡狩猎采集者对苦味感知的差异,比较了在森林生态环境中出生和长大的同一人群与来自伐木城镇的个体。方法:采用单浓度苯硫脲(PTC)和硫脲(硫脲)试纸条味觉检测任务,对112名巴亚卡人的苦味表型进行评估。参与者根据他们出生和长大的地方进行分组:森林营地还是城镇。使用逻辑回归来测试地点、性别、年龄和苦味感知之间的关联。结果:城镇出生的个体比森林出生的个体更容易感知到这两种化合物的苦味(PTC: OR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.75-9.17, p)结论:苦味表型在BaYaka个体中存在差异,在城镇出生和长大的个体中苦味品尝者的比例高于森林营地的个体。这些结果表明,生命早期的生态环境可能有助于苦味感知的变化,我们假设这可能是由于暴露于苦味野生植物化合物的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Absence of Sex Difference in Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Among the Elite Sportspersons: Further Evidence Among the Polish Swimmers 优秀运动员手指比例(2D:4D)不存在性别差异:波兰游泳运动员的进一步证据。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70220
Marek Kociuba, Slawomir Kozieł, Zofia Ignasiak, Marek Rejman, Raja Chakraborty

Background

Variation in exposure to prenatal androgens was linked with athletic abilities and varied performance in different sports. The ratio between the second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D) is a proxy indicator of prenatal testosterone exposure. A higher exposure leads to a lower 2D:4D and vice versa. Negative associations between digit ratio and several sports performances were consistent in earlier research.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to assess if 2D:4D was lower among the Polish competitive swimmers compared to non-sporting individuals and the heterogeneity in sex difference among different levels of swimmers and the non-sporting group.

Method

This cross-sectional study assessed 2D:4D among two groups of swimmers from the Polish national team and other higher level swimmers, and a control group (54 males and 34 females). Height, weight, and lengths of 2D and 4D were measured.

Results

The control group showed a significant sex difference in the right hand 2D:4D; the females showed a higher ratio than the males (t = 2.17, p < 0.05). However, no sex difference was evident in any of the swimmers' groups. The difference in 2D:4D among the three study groups was significant only for the left 2D:4D in males and only for the right 2D:4D in females. The female swimmers (both national and general) showed significantly lower right 2D:4D than the control females, whereas the male swimmers showed significantly lower left 2D:4D than the control males.

Conclusion

The swimmers had lower 2D:4D than non-sporting individuals; the top level swimmers had the lowest 2D:4D. The female swimmers, particularly the elite group, showed “masculine” 2D:4D similar to their male counterparts. A plausible positive selection for a masculinised digit ratio (higher prenatal testosterone exposure) among the females in highly competitive professional sports was hypothesized.

背景:产前雄性激素暴露的变化与运动能力和不同运动的不同表现有关。第二和第四手指长度之间的比率(2D:4D)是产前睾酮暴露的代理指标。较高的曝光率导致较低的2D:4D,反之亦然。在早期的研究中,手指比例与一些运动成绩之间的负相关是一致的。目的:本研究的目的是评估波兰竞技游泳运动员的2D:4D是否低于非运动个体,以及不同水平的游泳运动员和非运动组之间性别差异的异质性。方法:本横断面研究评估了波兰国家队和其他高水平游泳运动员的两组和对照组(54名男性和34名女性)的2D:4D。测量二维和四维的身高、体重和长度。结果:对照组右手2D:4D性别差异显著;结论:游泳运动员的2D:4D低于非运动个体,高水平游泳运动员的2D:4D最低。女性游泳运动员,尤其是精英组,在2D:4D方面表现出与男性相似的“男性化”。假设在竞争激烈的职业体育运动中,女性的男性化手指比例(较高的产前睾酮暴露)存在似是而非的积极选择。
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引用次数: 0
Impaired Intestinal Function Among Indigenous Shuar Children of Amazonian Ecuador: Evidence From Lactulose:Mannitol Tests of Absorption and Permeability 厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区土著舒阿族儿童肠道功能受损:乳果糖:甘露醇吸收和渗透性试验的证据。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70219
Marcela Pfaff-Nash, Alejandro J. Ramirez, Elizabeth Y. Kim, Hannah N. Cantrell, Melissa A. Liebert, Felicia C. Madimenos, J. Josh Snodgrass, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, Samuel S. Urlacher

Objectives

Intestinal function is an important but often overlooked aspect of human biological variation, with the intestines serving as both a barrier against external pathogens/contaminants and the primary conduit of nutrient extraction from food. Impaired intestinal function among children is viewed as a key contributor to growth faltering globally. However, few studies have investigated children's intestinal function in rural settings or beyond infancy. To address this limitation, we conducted a pilot study to describe the intestinal function of school-age Indigenous Shuar children of Amazonian Ecuador and to assess the feasibility of implementing the widely utilized lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test of absorption and permeability with this group.

Methods

The urinary L:M test was performed with 23 rural-living Shuar children aged 4–12 years. Ultra-performance liquid chromatograph–high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine L:M ratios, lactulose recovery, and mannitol recovery. Age and sex patterns were investigated using linear regression models.

Results

Children's mean L:M ratio was 0.33 ± 0.32, a ratio comparable to values reported for children in other low- and middle-income settings. 35%–91% of children were categorized as having impaired intestinal function using common cut-off values. Children's lactulose (0.14% ± 0.17%) and mannitol (2.60% ± 2.22%) recoveries did not differ by sex but increased with age (p < 0.05) and indicated diminished intestinal absorptive capacity and increased permeability.

Conclusions

Intestinal function appears to be considerably impaired among school-age Shuar children living in a low-resource, rural setting. Children living in unsanitary, non-industrialized contexts may routinely experience intestinal permeability-related immune activation and malabsorption-related energy/nutrient loss. More research is needed to explore the breadth of global variation in children's intestinal function and to investigate its many evolutionary and public health implications.

目的:肠道功能是人类生物变异的一个重要但经常被忽视的方面,肠道既是抵御外部病原体/污染物的屏障,也是从食物中提取营养物质的主要渠道。儿童肠道功能受损被视为全球经济增长放缓的一个关键因素。然而,很少有研究调查农村地区或婴儿期以后儿童的肠道功能。为了解决这一局限性,我们进行了一项试点研究,以描述厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区学龄土著舒阿族儿童的肠道功能,并评估在该群体中实施广泛使用的乳果糖:甘露醇(L:M)吸收和渗透性测试的可行性。方法:对23例4 ~ 12岁农村生活的舒阿族儿童进行尿L:M检查。采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法测定L:M比、乳果糖回收率和甘露醇回收率。使用线性回归模型调查年龄和性别模式。结果:儿童的平均L:M比值为0.33±0.32,与其他低收入和中等收入环境中儿童的比值相当。使用共同临界值,35%-91%的儿童被归类为肠道功能受损。儿童乳果糖(0.14%±0.17%)和甘露醇(2.60%±2.22%)的回收率无性别差异,但随着年龄的增长而增加(p)。结论:生活在资源贫乏的农村环境中的学龄Shuar儿童的肠道功能明显受损。生活在不卫生、非工业化环境中的儿童可能经常经历与肠道通透性相关的免疫激活和与吸收不良相关的能量/营养损失。需要更多的研究来探索儿童肠道功能全球变异的广度,并调查其许多进化和公共卫生影响。
{"title":"Impaired Intestinal Function Among Indigenous Shuar Children of Amazonian Ecuador: Evidence From Lactulose:Mannitol Tests of Absorption and Permeability","authors":"Marcela Pfaff-Nash,&nbsp;Alejandro J. Ramirez,&nbsp;Elizabeth Y. Kim,&nbsp;Hannah N. Cantrell,&nbsp;Melissa A. Liebert,&nbsp;Felicia C. Madimenos,&nbsp;J. Josh Snodgrass,&nbsp;Lawrence S. Sugiyama,&nbsp;Samuel S. Urlacher","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajhb.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intestinal function is an important but often overlooked aspect of human biological variation, with the intestines serving as both a barrier against external pathogens/contaminants and the primary conduit of nutrient extraction from food. Impaired intestinal function among children is viewed as a key contributor to growth faltering globally. However, few studies have investigated children's intestinal function in rural settings or beyond infancy. To address this limitation, we conducted a pilot study to describe the intestinal function of school-age Indigenous Shuar children of Amazonian Ecuador and to assess the feasibility of implementing the widely utilized lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test of absorption and permeability with this group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The urinary L:M test was performed with 23 rural-living Shuar children aged 4–12 years. Ultra-performance liquid chromatograph–high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine L:M ratios, lactulose recovery, and mannitol recovery. Age and sex patterns were investigated using linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children's mean L:M ratio was 0.33 ± 0.32, a ratio comparable to values reported for children in other low- and middle-income settings. 35%–91% of children were categorized as having impaired intestinal function using common cut-off values. Children's lactulose (0.14% ± 0.17%) and mannitol (2.60% ± 2.22%) recoveries did not differ by sex but increased with age (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and indicated diminished intestinal absorptive capacity and increased permeability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intestinal function appears to be considerably impaired among school-age Shuar children living in a low-resource, rural setting. Children living in unsanitary, non-industrialized contexts may routinely experience intestinal permeability-related immune activation and malabsorption-related energy/nutrient loss. More research is needed to explore the breadth of global variation in children's intestinal function and to investigate its many evolutionary and public health implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajhb.70219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variations in Physical Activity Across the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women: A Focus on Step Count and Activity Intensity 健康女性月经周期中体力活动的变化:关注步数和活动强度。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70216
Sude Ozdemir, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Aleksandra Wachowicz, Kinga Słojewska, Magdalena Klimek, Grazyna Jasienska, Urszula M. Marcinkowska

Introduction

Physical activity patterns across the menstrual cycle may reflect evolutionary adaptations that optimize reproductive success by aligning heightened activity with the fertile window and lowered activity in the luteal phase, when the female's body prepares for a possible pregnancy.

Methods

This study examined variation in physical activity patterns across five arbitrary phases of the ovulatory menstrual cycle in 77 healthy women (age: 20–36 years). Based on ovulation tests and the date of the next menstruation, the menstrual cycle was divided into five physiologically distinct phases: menstrual, follicular, peri-ovulatory, luteal, and premenstrual. Daily physical activity was measured using a wristband accelerometer that tracked step count and activity duration at various intensities: sedentary, light, moderate, and intense, and the total 24-h duration of activity. Differences among phases were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, with corrections for multiple comparisons.

Results

Step counts were higher in the follicular phase compared to the premenstrual phase (mean 10.2 vs. 8.9, respectively, p = 0.001), and total activity time was higher during the follicular phase than in the premenstrual phase (mean 99.3 vs. 90.8, p = 0.004). No other significant differences were observed.

Conclusions

Step count and total active time peaks in the follicular phase and declines during the premenstrual phase. Our study highlights the importance of accurately identifying phases of the menstrual cycle and analyzing various activity intensities for understanding physical activity behavior across the menstrual cycle.

导言:整个月经周期的身体活动模式可能反映了进化适应,通过将活动增加与生育窗口和黄体期(当女性身体为可能的怀孕做准备时)降低活动来优化生殖成功。方法:本研究检查了77名健康女性(年龄:20-36岁)在排卵月经周期的五个任意阶段的身体活动模式的变化。根据排卵试验和下次月经的日期,月经周期被分为五个生理上不同的阶段:月经期、卵泡期、排卵期、黄体期和经前期。每天的身体活动是通过腕带加速计来测量的,该加速计跟踪了不同强度的步数和活动持续时间:久坐、轻度、中度和高强度,以及24小时的总活动时间。各阶段差异分析采用重复测量方差分析,并对多重比较进行校正。结果:卵泡期的步数比经前期高(平均10.2比8.9,p = 0.001),卵泡期的总活动时间比经前期高(平均99.3比90.8,p = 0.004)。未观察到其他显著差异。结论:步数和总活动时间在卵泡期达到峰值,经前期下降。我们的研究强调了准确识别月经周期阶段和分析各种活动强度对于理解整个月经周期的身体活动行为的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomic Legacies and Biological Diversity: Reflections on Terminology in “Racial and Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass in Pediatric Populations” 分类遗产和生物多样性:对“儿童人群骨量的种族和民族差异”术语的思考。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70226
Barış Özener
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Sleep Architecture in Rural Eastern Cape Villagers of South Africa Using ŌURA Ring Data 使用ŌURA环数据评估南非东开普省农村村民的睡眠结构。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70215
Erica Kilius, Ming Fei Li, David R. Samson

Objectives

To examine the sleep architecture (proportion of Light, Rapid Eye Movement (REM), and Deep Sleep) of rural villagers using noninvasive, wearable ŌURA rings.

Methods

From June to August 2023, we collected sleep data from 30 participants (16 men, 14 women, 370 nights) using ŌURA rings. Regression models were used to investigate the effect of gender, age, household size, livestock presence, and temperature on sleep patterns and sleep architecture.

Results

Average Total Sleep Time (TST) in the community was 7.6 h (SD: 1.01). Average proportion (%) Light Sleep was 59.9%, % REM Sleep was 17.9%, and % Deep Sleep was 22.2%. Men who cared for livestock had significantly higher % Light Sleep and lower % REM sleep compared to men who did not have livestock. Presence of livestock did not significantly affect men or women's % Deep Sleep. Temperature was positively associated with % Light and negatively associated with % REM and % Deep Sleep.

Conclusions

We found that men who were responsible for livestock tended to have more % Light Sleep and less % REM Sleep than men without livestock. Livestock presence did not affect women's % Light or REM sleep stages, and % Deep Sleep remained unchanged between groups. Temperature was associated with changes in all sleep stages. Our findings highlight the need for naturalistic studies investigating sleep architecture in non-industrialized settings.

目的:利用无创可穿戴ŌURA环检测农村村民的睡眠结构(浅睡眠、快速眼动睡眠和深度睡眠的比例)。方法:从2023年6月至8月,我们使用ŌURA环收集了30名参与者(16名男性,14名女性,370晚)的睡眠数据。采用回归模型研究性别、年龄、家庭规模、牲畜存栏数和温度对睡眠模式和睡眠结构的影响。结果:社区平均总睡眠时间(TST)为7.6 h (SD: 1.01)。平均轻度睡眠占59.9%,REM睡眠占17.9%,深度睡眠占22.2%。与没有养牲畜的男性相比,养牲畜的男性有更高的轻度睡眠和更低的快速眼动睡眠。牲畜的存在对男性或女性的深度睡眠没有显著影响。温度与轻度睡眠呈正相关,与快速眼动睡眠和深度睡眠呈负相关。结论:我们发现,与没有养牲畜的男性相比,养牲畜的男性往往有更多的轻度睡眠和更少的快速眼动睡眠。牲畜的存在不会影响女性的浅睡眠或快速眼动睡眠阶段,两组之间的深度睡眠也没有变化。温度与所有睡眠阶段的变化有关。我们的发现强调了对非工业化环境下睡眠结构进行自然主义研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Prenatal Hormonal Markers in Individuals With Joint Hypermobility: The Role of the 2D:4D Digit Ratio 关节过度活动个体的产前激素标志物:2D:4D指位比的作用。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70217
Rabia Zorlular, Ali Zorlular

Objectives

Exposure to sex hormones during the early stages of fetal development in the prenatal period is thought to affect the length ratio of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D). The 2D:4D ratio remains a subject of significant interest, particularly in relation to diseases and conditions linked to gender differences. This study aims to compare the 2D:4D ratio of individuals with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) to the ratio of individuals without GJH in a population of both male and female participants.

Methods

The study was conducted on 180 individuals (100 females), including 85 with GJH and 95 without GJH (controls). Joint hypermobility was assessed using the Beighton score. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated using a digital caliper. In addition, the height, weight, and body mass index of the participants were calculated.

Results

The 2D:4D ratio was significantly higher in individuals with GJH compared to controls. In males, the 2D:4D ratio was higher in both the right and left hands in the GJH group compared to controls (p < 0.05). In females, the 2D:4D ratio was also significantly higher in both hands in the GJH (p < 0.05). The Beighton total score showed moderate positive correlations with right- and left-hand 2D:4D ratios (r = 0.49 and r = 0.38, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The 2D:4D ratio can be used as a potential biomarker for GJH. It is thought that the concentration of sex hormones in the prenatal period (2D:4D ratio) may affect joint hypermobility (connective tissue).

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07157930

目的:胎儿发育早期暴露于性激素被认为会影响第二和第四指的长度比(2D:4D)。2D:4D比率仍然是一个非常令人感兴趣的主题,特别是在与性别差异有关的疾病和病症方面。本研究旨在比较在男性和女性参与者人群中,广泛性关节过动症(GJH)个体与无GJH个体的2D:4D比值。方法:研究对象为180例(女性100例),其中合并GJH 85例,未合并GJH 95例(对照组)。使用Beighton评分评估关节过度活动。使用数字卡尺计算2D:4D比值。此外,还计算了参与者的身高、体重和身体质量指数。结果:GJH患者的2D:4D比值明显高于对照组。在男性中,与对照组相比,GJH组右手和左手的2D:4D比值更高(p)。结论:2D:4D比值可作为GJH的潜在生物标志物。据认为,产前性激素浓度(2D:4D比)可能影响关节过度活动(结缔组织)。试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07157930。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American Journal of Human Biology
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