American Journal of Human Biology最新文献_第8页

Functional Characteristics of Immunoregulatory Blood Proteins in Women of Reproductive Age Residing in the European North and Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation 居住在俄罗斯联邦欧洲北部和北极地区的育龄妇女免疫调节血液蛋白的功能特征

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70162

Ksenya O. Pashinskaya, Anna V. Samodova, Liliya K. Dobrodeeva

Aim

The purpose of this study was to identify the functional characteristics of blood proteins which are important in assessing reproductive health due to their immunoregulatory effects in women residing in the European North and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.

Methods

A total of 557 women aged 21–55 (36.89 ± 0.54), engaged in intellectual professions, born and long-term residents of the European North (Arkhangelsk Oblast) and Arctic (Murmansk Oblast, Svalbard archipelago) participated. The hemogram, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, erythrocyte aggregation, lymphocyte content with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD16, CD71, CD95 phenotypes, cytokines: TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, extracellular receptors: sCD71, sCD62L, sApo-1/Fas, sFasL, circulating immune complexes, sex hormones, and as well as immunoregulatory blood proteins: haptoglobin, transferrin, immunoglobulins, lipoproteins, apoproteins, were evaluated.

Results

In women from Arkhangelsk Oblast, transferrin levels showed a substantial increase, while IgA levels decreased relative to the reference range. In women from Murmansk Oblast, haptoglobin, IgM, and IgA levels increased, and a reduction in IgG levels was observed. In women from the Svalbard Archipelago, transferrin and IgM concentrations increased, whereas IgG and IgA levels decreased. Additionally, in women from the European North and Arctic, a decrease in ApoB and ApoA-I content was observed. Elevated levels of transferrin and a decrease in lymphocytes with a transferrin receptor CD71+ and an increase in soluble transferrin receptor sCD71 levels were noted. Elevated haptoglobin levels are related to lymphocyte activation. The frequent occurrence of reduced IgA and IgG levels suggests impaired immunoglobulin class switching. Reduced levels of ApoB and ApoA-I indicate the early stages of lipid metabolism disorders.

Conclusions

The immunoregulatory role of blood proteins determines their functional characteristics in women living in the European North and the Arctic. Reduced antioxidant protection, metabolic disorders, and dysregulation of the immune response in women living in Northern and Arctic regions can lead to reproductive health risks.

目的：本研究的目的是确定血液蛋白的功能特征，由于其对居住在俄罗斯联邦欧洲北部和北极地区的妇女具有免疫调节作用，因此对评估生殖健康非常重要。方法557名年龄在21-55岁（36.89±0.54），在欧洲北部（阿尔汉格尔斯克州）和北极（摩尔曼斯克州，斯瓦尔巴群岛）出生并长期居住的从事智力职业的女性。评估血象、中性粒细胞吞噬活性、红细胞聚集、淋巴细胞CD3、CD4、CD8、CD10、CD19、CD16、CD71、CD95表型、细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-10、细胞外受体sCD71、sCD62L、sApo-1/Fas、sFasL、循环免疫复合物、性激素以及免疫调节血蛋白：接触珠蛋白、转铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白。结果在阿尔汉格尔斯克州妇女中，转铁蛋白水平显著升高，而IgA水平相对于参考范围下降。在摩尔曼斯克州的妇女中，接触珠蛋白、IgM和IgA水平升高，IgG水平降低。在斯瓦尔巴群岛的妇女中，转铁蛋白和IgM浓度升高，而IgG和IgA水平下降。此外，在欧洲北部和北极地区的妇女中，观察到ApoB和ApoA-I含量下降。注意到转铁蛋白水平升高，转铁蛋白受体CD71+淋巴细胞减少，可溶性转铁蛋白受体sCD71水平升高。触珠蛋白水平升高与淋巴细胞活化有关。频繁出现IgA和IgG水平降低提示免疫球蛋白类转换受损。ApoB和ApoA-I水平的降低表明脂质代谢紊乱的早期阶段。结论血液蛋白的免疫调节作用决定了其在欧洲北部和北极地区妇女中的功能特征。生活在北方和北极地区的妇女抗氧化保护能力降低、代谢紊乱和免疫反应失调可导致生殖健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Healthy Sport-Participating Youth Aged 8–16 Years: Reference Values From the Cor-School Cohort 8-16岁健康运动青年高敏感性心肌肌钙蛋白T：来自学校队列的参考价值

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70176

Saül Aixa-Requena, Enric Conesa-Milian, Vicenç Hernández-González, Juan José Puente-Lanzarote, Isaac López-Laval, Álvaro de Pano-Rodríguez, Joaquín Reverter-Masià

Objectives

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is widely used in adult cardiology, yet pediatric reference values remain scarce. This study aimed to establish reference values for hs-cTnT in healthy sport-participating youth aged 8–16 years from Spain; to examine differences by age, sex, and pubertal stage; and to explore associations with anthropometry and physical activity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Cor-School cohort, including 733 organized sport participants aged 8–16 years from northeastern Spain. Anthropometry, pubertal status, biological maturity, and PHV timing were assessed alongside hs-cTnT and habitual physical activity. Percentiles were calculated from detectable hs-cTnT concentrations below the 99.75th percentile. Group comparisons, correlations, and regression models examined developmental patterns.

Results

Among 733 youth, 39% had detectable hs-cTnT and 4.7% exceeded 14 ng/L. The 97.5th and 99th percentiles were 15.2 ng/L (90% CI: 12.4–16.9) and 19.1 ng/L (90% CI: 15.2–21.3), peaking in early adolescence (11–13 years) and around PHV. Tanner Stage 4 showed the highest 99th percentile (20.4 ng/L), while Tanner 5 had lower values. Boys presented greater detectability (42% vs. 33%) and higher percentiles (99th: 19.1 vs. 15.6 ng/L). hs-cTnT correlated weakly with maturity offset (ρ = 0.183, p = 0.002) and inversely with body fat (ρ = −0.170, p = 0.040), but no independent predictors remained in multivariable models (R² adj = 0.033).

Conclusions

hs-cTnT increases physiologically during adolescence, reflecting biological maturation. Pediatric-specific reference values by age and developmental stage are recommended to avoid misclassification. As all participants were regularly engaged in organized sport, the reference values obtained likely represent the upper end of physiological hs-cTnT concentrations in physically active youth.

目的：高敏感性心肌肌钙蛋白T （hs-cTnT）广泛应用于成人心脏病学，但儿科参考价值仍然很少。本研究旨在建立西班牙8-16岁健康运动青年hs-cTnT的参考值；检查年龄、性别和青春期的差异；并探索人体测量学和体育活动之间的联系。方法：这项横断面研究使用了来自co - school队列的基线数据，包括来自西班牙东北部的733名年龄在8-16岁的有组织的体育参与者。人体测量、青春期状态、生物成熟度和PHV时间与hs-cTnT和习惯性体育活动一起进行评估。从低于99.75百分位数的可检测hs-cTnT浓度计算百分位数。群体比较、相关性和回归模型检验了发展模式。结果：733名青年中，39%检测到hs-cTnT， 4.7%超过14 ng/L。97.5和99百分位分别为15.2 ng/L （90% CI: 12.4-16.9）和19.1 ng/L (90% CI: 15.2-21.3)，在青春期早期（11-13岁）和PHV前后达到峰值。Tanner Stage 4的第99百分位数最高（20.4 ng/L）， Tanner Stage 5的第99百分位数较低。男孩的检出率更高（42%比33%），百分位数也更高（99:19.1比15.6 ng/L）。hs-cTnT与成熟度偏差呈弱相关（ρ = 0.183, p = 0.002），与体脂呈负相关（ρ = -0.170, p = 0.040），但在多变量模型中没有独立的预测因子（R2 = 0.033）。结论：hs-cTnT在青春期生理上增加，反映了生物学成熟。建议按年龄和发育阶段划分儿科特定参考值，以避免错误分类。由于所有参与者都定期参加有组织的体育运动，因此获得的参考值可能代表了身体活跃的年轻人生理hs-cTnT浓度的上限。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing Water Insecurity Among US College Students: Prevalence, Scope and Linkages With Food Insecurity 表征美国大学生的水不安全：患病率，范围和与粮食不安全的联系

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70170

Cassandra L. Workman, Alexandra Brewis, Amber Wutich

Objectives

Food insecurity prevalence among US university students is higher than the national average, with minoritized and first-generation students disproportionately affected. Global and domestic US research has documented the link between food and water insecurity, though research on water insecurity—particularly on college campuses—remains nascent.

Methods

An exploratory study (n = 220) connecting measures of water insecurity, food insecurity, demographic/socioeconomic status, and water-related psycho-emotional outcomes in a sample from a large US public university. Tobit regressions were conducted for models using water insecurity scores as outcomes and ordered logistic regression models for psycho-emotional outcomes associated with water. To assess the relationship between economic stress, water quality concerns and purchasing two generalized structural equation models (GSEM) were conducted. Motivations for purchasing bottled water were elicited in an open-ended question.

Results

College students are experiencing notable resource insecurity, with 43% reporting low to moderate rates of water insecurity and 31% reporting food insecurity, representing above-the-national-average levels of food insecurity. Importantly, students who were food insecure were significantly more likely to be water insecure. A third of students relied on bottled water, with and convenience and water quality concerns being the primary reasons. Economic stress predicted water insecurity scores, frequency of purchasing bottled water, water quality concerns, as well as psycho-emotional outcomes related to water.

Conclusion

These exploratory findings suggest a pattern of risk for water insecurity on university campuses that is potentially concerning and generally consistent with that already well described for food insecurity.

美国大学生的食品不安全患病率高于全国平均水平，少数族裔和第一代学生受到的影响尤为严重。全球和美国国内的研究已经记录了食物和水不安全之间的联系，尽管对水不安全的研究——尤其是对大学校园的研究——仍处于起步阶段。方法一项探索性研究（n = 220），将来自美国一所大型公立大学的样本中的水不安全、粮食不安全、人口/社会经济地位和与水相关的心理情绪结果联系起来。以水不安全得分为结果的模型和以水相关的心理情绪结果为有序逻辑回归模型进行了Tobit回归。为了评估经济压力、水质关注和购买之间的关系，进行了两个广义结构方程模型（GSEM）。购买瓶装水的动机是一个开放式的问题。结果大学生正经历着明显的资源不安全，43%的大学生报告低至中等程度的水不安全，31%的大学生报告粮食不安全，高于全国平均水平。重要的是，粮食不安全的学生更有可能缺水。三分之一的学生依赖瓶装水，主要原因是方便和水质问题。经济压力预测了水不安全得分、购买瓶装水的频率、对水质的担忧以及与水有关的心理情绪结果。这些探索性发现表明，大学校园水不安全的风险模式可能令人担忧，并且与已经很好地描述的粮食不安全的风险模式基本一致。

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引用次数: 0

Physical, Psychological, and Behavioral Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Relation to Body Size and Shape 经前综合症的生理、心理和行为症状与身体大小和形状的关系

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70169

Janina Tutkuviene, Simona Gervickaite, Martyna Sveikataite, Gabija Stulgyte, Julija Rugelyte, Renata Simkunaite-Rizgeliene, Diana Ramasauskaite

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate potential relationships between the frequency of physical, and psychological or behavioral symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in relation to body mass index (BMI) and body shapes in young women.

Methods

In total, 22 of the most common PMS symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire, as well as self-reported height, weight, and body shape (using five silhouette types). A total of 6697 women aged 18–30 was included in the final statistical analysis. Symptom frequencies were measured using a 5-point Likert scale, and the mean frequency of occurrence (MFO) was calculated for all symptoms. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance (ANOVA), univariate logistic regression, and stepwise regression.

Results

PMS symptom prevalence ranged from 61.0% to 97.2%. Overall, MFO of all physical PMS symptoms (M ± SD = 3.12 ± 0.75) was lower than the MFO of all psychological and behavioral symptoms (M ± SD = 3.29 ± 0.96; p < 0.001). Women with overweight or obesity, also those with an apple-shaped body, reported the highest symptom frequencies (MFO = 3.20–3.35), while underweight and rectangular-shaped women had the lowest MFO (2.98–3.25; p < 0.001). Stepwise analysis showed BMI and body shape were more strongly associated with physical symptoms than psychological or behavioral ones.

Conclusions

These results highlight the importance of body size and shape in understanding individual differences in PMS symptoms, suggesting that higher BMI and an apple-shaped body are more associated with PMS symptoms. Therefore, special attention should be paid to women with this body type, and they should be examined more thoroughly in order to take preventive measures in a timely manner.

本研究旨在评估年轻女性经前综合征（PMS）的生理、心理或行为症状频率与身体质量指数（BMI）和体型之间的潜在关系。方法：采用问卷调查的方法评估了22种最常见的经前综合症症状，以及自我报告的身高、体重和体型（使用五种轮廓类型）。最终统计分析的对象为年龄在18-30岁之间的6697名女性。使用5点李克特量表测量症状频率，并计算所有症状的平均发生频率（MFO）。统计分析包括方差分析（ANOVA）、单变量logistic回归和逐步回归。结果：经前症候群症状患病率为61.0% ~ 97.2%。总体而言，经前症候群生理症状的MFO （M±SD = 3.12±0.75）低于心理和行为症状的MFO （M±SD = 3.29±0.96;p）。结论：这些结果突出了体型和体型对理解经前症候群个体差异的重要性，提示高BMI和苹果型体型与经前症候群的相关性更强。因此，对这种体型的女性应给予特别的重视，对其进行更彻底的检查，以便及时采取预防措施。

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引用次数: 0

More Than Childbirth: Unveiling the Risks of Marriage on Women's Mortality in Tang Dynasty China 不只是生育：揭示婚姻对中国唐代妇女死亡率的影响。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70168

Yan Liu

Objectives

This study investigates how marital and maternal statuses influenced female mortality in the Tang Dynasty (618–907 ce), China. It challenges the focus on reproductive risks by exploring both biological and social factors affecting female mortality in reproductive and post-reproductive years.

Materials and Methods

Epitaph data were analyzed from four female groups: bureaucrats' wives (married, reproductive), eunuchs' wives (married, nonreproductive due to husband's castration), never-married religious women (never married, nonreproductive), and widowed religious women (reproductive, later left marriage). Ages at death were illustrated using summary statistics and kernel density plots, analyzed using bootstrapped polynomial regression, pairwise comparisons with 9999 replicates, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Male bureaucrats and eunuchs were also included for contextual comparison.

Results

Bureaucrats' wives had a significantly lower adjusted mean age at death than nonreproductive groups, eunuchs' wives (−7.43 years; p = 0.006), and never-married religious women (−7.07 years; p = 0.006). Survival curves support that reproductive risks shaped mortality. Among post-reproductive women, those who remained in marital roles had a significantly lower mean age at death than those who joined a religious order (−3.9 years; p = 0.003). The negative effects of remaining in marriage in later life were supported.

Discussion

Female mortality resulted from a complex interplay of biological and social factors. Reproductive risks primarily affected females during younger ages. During post-reproductive years, remaining in marriage and widowhood negatively affected survival, while entering religious orders was protective.

目的：研究中国唐代（618-907年）婚姻和母性状况对女性死亡率的影响。它通过探索影响育龄期和育龄后女性死亡率的生物和社会因素，挑战对生殖风险的关注。材料与方法：对四个女性群体的墓志铭数据进行分析：官僚夫人（已婚，生育）、太监夫人（已婚，因丈夫阉割而不能生育）、未婚宗教妇女（未婚，不生育）和丧偶宗教妇女（生育，后来离开婚姻）。使用汇总统计和核密度图说明死亡年龄，使用自举多项式回归、9999个重复的两两比较和Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行分析。男性官僚和太监也包括在内，以进行背景比较。结果：官僚妻子的调整后平均死亡年龄明显低于非生育组、太监妻子（-7.43岁，p = 0.006）和未婚宗教妇女（-7.07岁，p = 0.006）。生存曲线支持生殖风险影响死亡率。在生育后妇女中，保持婚姻角色的妇女的平均死亡年龄明显低于加入宗教团体的妇女（-3.9岁；p = 0.003）。在以后的生活中保持婚姻的负面影响得到了支持。讨论：女性死亡率是生物和社会因素复杂相互作用的结果。生殖风险主要影响年轻女性。在生育后的岁月里，保持婚姻和守寡对生存有不利影响，而加入宗教团体则有保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Field Methods for Investigating Onset and Progression of Middle Childhood Physical, Hormonal, Cognitive and Social Development 调查中期儿童身体、激素、认知和社会发展的发生和发展的实地方法。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70167

Courtney Helfrecht, Ivan Kroupin, Tanya MacGillivray, Lee T. Gettler

Child development is biocultural, meaning both genetics and experience with the ecocultural context shape ontogeny. Developmental systems—physical, hormonal, cognitive, social, among others—are dynamic and have points of interrelation with each other and local environments, as well as tradeoffs in their patterning. These articulations challenge our ability to discern the factors influencing our phenotypic outcomes; further, similar outcomes may not reference similar pathways. As a result, our ability to understand the evolution of childhood and its role in human life history remains limited. Middle childhood represents an especially unique phase of human life history, with significant shifts across developmental domains. Physically, children's skeletal growth slows after an initial growth spurt. Hormonally, there is a rise in the production of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate (DHEAS) due to the process of adrenarche, which may have important impacts across developmental systems. Cognitively, children become progressively more rational. Socially, children are increasingly aware of the complexity of human perspectives and morality. Methodological approaches to assess the onset and progression of middle childhood must take into consideration the expansive cross-cultural variation in childhoods. This toolkit offers a set of recommendations for evaluating development across middle childhood, with attention to the eco-cultural context of maturation.

儿童的发展是生物文化的，这意味着遗传和与生态文化背景的经历共同塑造了个体发育。发育系统——身体的、荷尔蒙的、认知的、社会的等等——是动态的，彼此之间和当地环境之间有相互关系，在它们的模式中也有权衡。这些表达挑战了我们辨别影响表型结果的因素的能力；此外，相似的结果可能不涉及相似的途径。因此，我们理解童年的进化及其在人类生命历史中的作用的能力仍然有限。童年中期代表了人类生命历史上一个特别独特的阶段，在发展领域发生了重大变化。从生理上讲，儿童的骨骼生长在最初的快速生长后会减慢。在激素方面，由于肾上腺素分泌的过程，脱氢表雄酮及其硫酸盐（DHEAS）的产生增加，这可能对整个发育系统产生重要影响。在认知上，孩子们逐渐变得更加理性。在社会方面，儿童越来越意识到人类观点和道德的复杂性。评估童年中期的开始和发展的方法学方法必须考虑到童年时期广泛的跨文化差异。该工具包提供了一套评估童年中期发展的建议，并关注成熟的生态文化背景。

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引用次数: 0

In Memoriam Jane B. Lancaster (1935–2025), a Pioneer in Anthropology 纪念人类学先驱简·b·兰开斯特（1935-2025）

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70164

Hillard S. Kaplan, Robert Hitchcock

引用次数: 0

Clinical Thresholds for Visceral Adiposity Accumulation: A Comparative Analysis in Sex-, Age-, and BMI-Matched Black and White Adults 内脏脂肪积累的临床阈值：性别、年龄和bmi匹配的黑人和白人成年人的比较分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70165

Austin J. Graybeal, Nuno Oliveira, Molly F. Johnson, Maria G. Kaylor, Abby T. Compton, Sydney H. Swafford, Caleb F. Brandner, Jon Stavres

Objectives

This study aimed to prospectively identify visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation thresholds in a cohort of sex-, age-, and BMI-matched non-Hispanic White and Black adults using a range of commonly employed whole-body and abdominal-specific adiposity measures associated with chronic disease risk.

Methods

A total of 344 non-Hispanic White (n = 172) and Black adults (n = 172) matched for sex, age, and BMI completed anthropometric and DXA-based body composition assessments. Anthropometric measures included BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). DXA was used to quantify VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), body fat percentage (BF%) across the whole body, trunk, and android region, and the android-to-gynoid BF% ratio. Segmented linear regression was used to identify significant sex- and race-specific VAT thresholds for each variable—defined as the inflection points where the relationship between VAT and each variable significantly changed.

Results

Significant VAT thresholds were observed for BF%, WHtR, SAT, android BF%, and trunk BF% in both racial groups, with all thresholds higher for Black than White adults. When stratified by sex, all variables showed significant thresholds in White males, while none were observed in Black males. Significant VAT thresholds were identified for BF%, WHR, and SAT in Black females; WHtR in White females; and android-to-gynoid BF% in both groups.

Conclusions

After matching for key anthropometric influences, distinct sex- and race-specific VAT thresholds exist for Black and White adults, often falling below current clinical guidelines. These findings support the need for population-specific screening tools to improve early detection and prevention of cardiometabolic risks.

目的：本研究旨在通过一系列常用的与慢性疾病风险相关的全身和腹部特异性脂肪测量，前瞻性地确定性别、年龄和bmi匹配的非西班牙裔白人和黑人成年人的内脏脂肪组织（VAT）积累阈值。方法：共有344名非西班牙裔白人（n = 172）和黑人成年人（n = 172）完成了性别、年龄和BMI匹配的人体测量和基于dxa的身体成分评估。人体测量包括BMI、腰围、腰臀比（WHR）和腰高比（WHtR）。DXA用于量化全身、躯干和机器人区域的VAT、皮下脂肪组织（SAT）、体脂率（BF%）以及机器人与女性的BF%比。使用分段线性回归来确定每个变量的显著性别和种族特定的增值税阈值-定义为增值税与每个变量之间关系显着变化的拐点。结果：两个种族的BF%、WHtR、SAT、android BF%和躯干BF%均有显著的增值阈值，黑人成年人的阈值均高于白人成年人。当按性别分层时，所有变量在白人男性中都显示出显著的阈值，而在黑人男性中没有观察到。在黑人女性中，确定了显著的增值阈值的BF%， WHR和SAT；白人女性的WHtR；以及两组男性对女性的BF%。结论：在匹配关键的人体测量影响后，黑人和白人成年人存在明显的性别和种族特异性增值税阈值，通常低于当前的临床指南。这些发现支持需要针对特定人群的筛查工具来改善心脏代谢风险的早期发现和预防。

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引用次数: 0

Salivary Testosterone, Age, and Adiposity Associations Among Shuar Males in Amazonian Ecuador Challenge Assumptions of “Normal” Testosterone Patterns 亚马孙河流域厄瓜多尔舒阿族男性唾液睾酮、年龄和肥胖的关联挑战了“正常”睾酮模式的假设

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70166

Theresa E. Gildner, Melissa A. Liebert, Joshua M. Schrock, Samuel S. Urlacher, Dorsa Amir, Christopher J. Harrington, Felicia C. Madimenos, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Richard G. Bribiescas, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, J. Josh Snodgrass

Objectives

Adult male testosterone concentrations in high income countries often decrease with age and adiposity, a pattern typically viewed as “normal.” However, testosterone is expected to be adaptively regulated within the range of resource constrained, high pathogen, natural fertility conditions across which it evolved to function. We therefore examine associations among testosterone diurnal variation, age, and adiposity among Indigenous Shuar males of Amazonian Ecuador.

Methods

Morning and evening saliva was sampled over three consecutive days to capture diurnal testosterone variation (n = 104, ages 12–67), with one-time measures of adiposity (body fat, BMI). Multilevel models tested predicted associations. Average morning and evening testosterone ratio was calculated to assess diurnal variation, and regression analyses tested the association between this ratio and age.

Results

Variation in testosterone concentrations at waking was apparent by age, with young males exhibiting the highest concentrations. Diurnal testosterone variation decreased with age (β = −0.006, p = 0.001). Significant age-by-BMI or percent body fat interactions were documented (p < 0.05). At lower adiposity levels, mean testosterone concentrations across the day were lowest at younger ages, highest in middle-aged participants, and slightly lower at older ages. At higher adiposity levels this pattern was reversed (for BMI) or attenuated (for percent body fat).

Conclusions

“Normal” testosterone levels are largely based on studies from high-income populations that do not account for diverse ecological conditions known to influence human physiology. This study complements others highlighting the complex relationships that exist among age, adiposity, and diurnal testosterone patterns in subsistence populations, suggesting socio-ecological regulation of testosterone.

在高收入国家，成年男性睾酮浓度往往随着年龄和肥胖而下降，这种模式通常被视为“正常”。然而，睾酮有望在资源受限，高病原体，自然生育条件下进行适应性调节，从而进化出功能。因此，我们研究了厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区土著舒阿族男性睾酮日变化、年龄和肥胖之间的关系。方法连续3天采集早晚唾液样本，记录睾丸激素的昼夜变化（n = 104，年龄12-67岁），并一次性测量肥胖（体脂、BMI）。多层模型测试预测关联。计算早晚平均睾酮比率以评估昼夜变化，并通过回归分析测试该比率与年龄之间的关系。结果醒着时睾酮浓度随年龄变化明显，年轻男性睾酮浓度最高。睾酮日变化随年龄的增长而降低（β = - 0.006, p = 0.001）。记录了显著的年龄bmi或体脂百分比相互作用（p < 0.05）。在较低的肥胖水平下，每天的平均睾丸激素浓度在年轻人中最低，在中年参与者中最高，在老年参与者中略低。在较高的肥胖水平下，这种模式被逆转（BMI）或减弱（体脂百分比）。结论：“正常”睾酮水平在很大程度上是基于高收入人群的研究，没有考虑到已知的影响人类生理的各种生态条件。这项研究补充了其他研究，强调了生存人群中年龄、肥胖和每日睾酮模式之间存在的复杂关系，表明睾酮的社会生态调节。

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引用次数: 0

Association of Air Pollution With Adiposity Rates in Active Runners and Inactive People 空气污染与积极跑步者和不积极跑步者肥胖率的关系。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70159

Petr Kutac, Martina Dankova, Lukas Cipryan, Marek Buzga, Vitezslav Jirik, Vaclav Bunc, Martin Sigmund, Miroslav Krajcigr, Matthew Zimmermann, Daniel Jandacka

Objectives

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the association between long-term air pollution (AP) exposure and adiposity, primarily visceral fat and secondary body fat in runners and inactive participants.

Methods

This study included 945 individuals (male n = 505 and female n = 440). These included both active (runners: run ≥ 10 km/week) and inactive (did not follow the WHO 2020 PA recommendations) individuals. Dependent variables were body composition parameters fat mass index (FMI) and visceral fat (VFA), measured using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A Hologic QDR (Horizon) bone densitometer was used for the measurement. Independent variables were AP values (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, BaP), for which lifetime exposure (LC_xp) was calculated. Volume physical activity (PA), eating habits, and cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O_2peak) were analyzed as covariates.

Results

The results showed that long-term exposure to AP was not associated with increased adiposity (p > 0.05). However, age (p = 0.000), sex (p = 0.000), and V̇O_2peak (p = 0.000) were associated with VFA. Values for VFA increased with age, males had higher VFA than females, and VFA values decreased with increasing V̇O_2peak (p < 0.05) values. Furthermore, higher V̇O_2peak values were strongly associated with lower FMI (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Adiposity was not associated with AP in the studied population. Adiposity was affected mainly by lifestyle and associated cardiorespiratory fitness presented by V̇O_2peak values.

目的：本横断面研究的目的是调查长期空气污染（AP）暴露与肥胖之间的关系，主要是跑步者和不运动参与者的内脏脂肪和次级体脂肪。方法：本研究纳入945例个体，其中男性505例，女性440例。其中包括活跃（跑步者：每周跑步≥10公里）和不活跃（未遵循WHO 2020 PA建议）的个体。因变量为体成分参数脂肪质量指数（FMI）和内脏脂肪（VFA），采用双发射x射线吸收仪（DXA）测量。采用Hologic QDR （Horizon）骨密度仪进行测量。自变量为AP值（PM10、PM2.5、NO2、BaP），计算其终生暴露量（LCxp）。量体力活动（PA）、饮食习惯和心肺适能（vo2峰值）作为协变量进行分析。结果：结果显示，长期暴露于AP与肥胖增加无关（p < 0.05）。年龄（p = 0.000）、性别（p = 0.000）和vo2峰值（p = 0.000）与VFA相关。VFA值随着年龄的增长而增加，男性VFA值高于女性，VFA值随着vo2峰值的增加而降低(vo2峰值与FMI的降低密切相关（p = 0.000）。结论：在研究人群中，肥胖与AP无关。影响肥胖的主要因素是生活方式和相关的以vo_2峰值为指标的心肺适能。

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引用次数: 0