American Journal of Human Biology最新文献_第8页

Modeling Pubertal Growth Variability in Schoolchildren From Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: A Bayesian Analysis 巴西圣卡塔琳娜Florianópolis学童青春期生长变异性建模：贝叶斯分析

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70129

Luciano G. Galvão, Fábio C. Karasiak, Victor J. S. Conceição, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Humberto M. Carvalho

Objective

This study aimed to describe inter-individual variation in growth velocity during puberty among Brazilian children, considering maturity status to better understand differences in the timing and intensity of growth spurts.

Methods

Longitudinal stature data from 398 Brazilian children (197 girls, 201 boys) aged 6–19 years, collected annually from 1997 to 2010, were analyzed. Growth and velocity curves were estimated using the SITAR model within a Bayesian framework. Maturity groups were classified based on the standard deviation of the estimated age at peak growth velocity, categorizing participants as early, average, or late maturers.

Results

The mean age at peak growth velocity was 11.30 years for girls and 13.55 years for boys. Mean peak velocities were 8.38 and 9.52 cm/year, respectively. Pubertal takeoff occurred at 8.41 years for girls and 11.19 years for boys, with mean velocities of 5.85 and 5.43 cm/year. Early maturers exhibited earlier onset and higher growth velocities, while late maturers showed delayed growth for both sexes.

Conclusions

Considerable variability in growth velocity patterns during puberty was observed. Compared to Northern Hemisphere populations, Brazilian children experienced earlier and more intense pubertal growth spurts. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for maturational timing in physical education planning, training load management, and pediatric growth assessment.

目的本研究旨在描述巴西儿童青春期生长速度的个体差异，考虑到成熟状态，以更好地理解生长突跃的时间和强度的差异。方法对1997 ~ 2010年每年收集的巴西6 ~ 19岁儿童398例（女孩197例，男孩201例）纵向身高资料进行分析。在贝叶斯框架内使用SITAR模型估计生长和速度曲线。成熟度组是根据峰值生长速度下估计年龄的标准偏差进行分类的，将参与者分为早期、平均或晚期。结果女生平均生长速度峰值年龄为11.30岁，男生平均生长速度峰值年龄为13.55岁。平均峰值流速分别为8.38 cm/年和9.52 cm/年。女孩的青春期起飞年龄为8.41岁，男孩为11.19岁，平均速度为5.85和5.43 cm/年。早熟者发育较早，生长速度较快，而晚熟者发育较晚。结论：观察到青春期生长速度模式有相当大的可变性。与北半球人口相比，巴西儿童经历了更早、更强烈的青春期生长高峰。这些发现强调了在体育教育计划、训练负荷管理和儿童生长评估中考虑成熟时间的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental Influences on Racial Inequities in Cardiovascular Health: The Push–Pull Forces That Uncouple Cardiovascular Disease From Birth Weight 发展对心血管健康种族不平等的影响：出生体重与心血管疾病分离的推挽力

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70125

Christopher W. Kuzawa, Elizabeth Sweet

In 2009 we published an article in the American Journal of Human Biology arguing for a developmental contribution to US racial inequities in cardiovascular disease (CVD), inspired by emerging evidence that stress during pregnancy reduces birth weight (BW) while also elevating offspring CVD risk. The 15 years since our piece was published provide an opportunity to update the status of the hypothesis. Although relevant studies are sparse, work to date has revealed an apparent paradox: although Black Americans have lower BWs and higher CVD rates, and even though lower BW elevates future CVD risk, studies generally report stronger inverse BW–CVD relationships in white compared to Black samples. Drawing on current understandings of intergenerational pathways, we propose an updated model that could help explain the weakening of BW–CVD relationships in Black Americans: Structural racism not only elevates CVD risk through pathways that reduce BW, as we originally emphasized, but also increases the likelihood of maternal weight gain and elevated glucose, which elevate offspring CVD risk but increase BW. We review newer evidence that these offsetting, “push–pull” effects on BW operate across the full BW spectrum. As a result, when BW is used as a marker, a dimension of CVD risk is rendered invisible, with the degree of invisibility proportionate to the strength of these opposing pathways. BW will thus be particularly uncoupled from CVD risk in minoritized US populations, who often face psychosocial stress but are also more likely to be exposed to environments that lead to weight gain and metabolic dysregulation.

2009年，我们在《美国人类生物学杂志》（American Journal of Human Biology）上发表了一篇文章，认为美国在心血管疾病（CVD）方面的种族不平等在发育方面有所贡献，受到新证据的启发，怀孕期间的压力会降低出生体重（BW），同时也会增加后代患CVD的风险。自我们的文章发表以来的15年提供了一个更新假设状态的机会。尽管相关研究很少，但迄今为止的工作揭示了一个明显的悖论：尽管美国黑人的体重较低，心血管疾病发病率较高，即使较低的体重会增加未来心血管疾病的风险，但研究通常报告白人与黑人样本的体重-心血管疾病负相关关系更强。根据目前对代际途径的理解，我们提出了一个更新的模型，可以帮助解释美国黑人体重与心血管疾病关系的减弱：正如我们最初强调的那样，结构性种族主义不仅通过降低体重的途径提高心血管疾病的风险，而且还增加了母亲体重增加和血糖升高的可能性，这增加了后代心血管疾病的风险，但增加了体重。我们回顾了新的证据，这些抵消的“推拉”效应对体重的影响贯穿整个体重谱。因此，当体重被用作标志物时，CVD风险的一个维度被忽略了，而忽略的程度与这些相反途径的强度成正比。因此，在美国少数族裔人群中，体重与心血管疾病风险尤其不相关，这些人群经常面临社会心理压力，但也更有可能暴露于导致体重增加和代谢失调的环境中。

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引用次数: 0

Son Preference and Third-Birth Interval Comparative Analysis of Polygynous Versus Monogamous Families in Pakistan 巴基斯坦一夫多妻制与一夫一妻制家庭的儿子偏好与第三胎间隔比较分析

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70127

Juan Wu, Athar Ali Shah

Introduction

Son preference remains a deeply rooted sociocultural phenomenon in Pakistan and plays a critical role in shaping fertility behavior. The study investigates the influence of son preference on fertility behavior, with a specific focus on birth intervals and the sex composition of existing children, within the context of marital structure (monogamous vs. polygynous unions) in Pakistan.

Method

Using nationally representative data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2012–2013 and 2017–2018), data are analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the timing of subsequent births at parity three and linear regression to measure son preference. The sample size included 100 733 women of reproductive age (15–49 years), of whom 96 975 were in monogamous unions and 3758 were in polygynous unions.

Results

The results demonstrate a persistent and significant son preference in fertility decisions. Women with fewer or no sons are more likely to proceed to another birth, as evidenced by shorter birth intervals. A key finding is that polygynous marriages are associated with both higher son preference and shorter birth intervals compared to monogamous unions. While rural polygynous women exhibit stronger son preference, urban polygynous women tend to have quicker transitions to the next birth. In contrast, monogamous women generally report longer birth intervals and lower levels of son preference, regardless of residence.

Conclusion

The study finds that polygynous marriages are associated with stronger son preference compared to their monogamous counterparts. While rural polygynous women exhibit a stronger son preference than urban polygynous women, the latter have shorter birth intervals.

重男轻女仍然是巴基斯坦根深蒂固的社会文化现象，在塑造生育行为方面起着关键作用。该研究调查了重男重女对生育行为的影响，特别关注巴基斯坦婚姻结构（一夫一妻制与一夫多妻制）背景下的生育间隔和现有子女的性别构成。方法使用巴基斯坦人口与健康调查（2012-2013年和2017-2018年）的全国代表性数据，使用Cox比例风险回归来评估三胎次分娩的时间，并使用线性回归来衡量男孩偏好。样本量包括100 733名育龄妇女（15-49岁），其中96 975人是一夫一妻制，3758人是一夫多妻制。结果结果表明，在生育决策中存在着持久而显著的重男轻女倾向。儿子少或没有儿子的妇女更有可能继续生育，生育间隔更短就是证据。一个重要的发现是，与一夫一妻制的婚姻相比，一夫多妻制的婚姻更倾向于重男轻女，生育间隔也更短。虽然农村一夫多妻的妇女表现出更强烈的儿子偏好，但城市一夫多妻的妇女倾向于更快地过渡到下一个孩子。相比之下，一夫一妻制的女性通常报告生育间隔较长，重男轻女的程度较低，无论居住地如何。研究发现，与一夫一妻制的婚姻相比，一夫多妻制的婚姻更倾向于儿子。虽然农村一夫多妻妇女比城市一夫多妻妇女表现出更强烈的儿子偏好，但后者的生育间隔较短。

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引用次数: 0

The Effect of Possible Allometric Interactions in Human Hand Digit Lengths on Sexual Dimorphism of Digit Ratios 手部手指长度可能的异速相互作用对手指比例性别二态性的影响

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70126

Görel Aksoy, Barış Özener

Objectives

This study was conducted to determine whether possible allometries in hand digit lengths have an effect on the observed sexual dimorphism in digit ratios.

Methods

The lengths of four digits from the second to the fifth digits on the right and left hands of 500 adult participants (250 males, 250 females) were measured and six different ratios were calculated. ANCOVA and regression analyses were used to examine the allometry effect.

Results

The findings revealed that the sexual dimorphism that emerged in the right and left 2D:4D ratios was independent of the allometry effect. On the other hand, it was observed that the allometry effect emerged in the three digit ratios (right and left 2D:5D, left 3D:5D).

Conclusions

These results reveal that the allometry effect is not observed on the ratios calculated from the digits (2D and 4D) that are claimed to have formed under the influence of prenatal steroids, but it can be observed on the other digits.

目的本研究旨在确定手指长度的异速是否会对手指比例的两性二态性产生影响。方法对500名成年被试（男250人，女250人）的右手和左手第2 ~第5个手指的长度进行测量，计算6种不同比例。采用方差分析和回归分析检验异速生长效应。结果发现，两性二态性出现在左右二维：四维比中，与异速效应无关。另一方面，观察到三位数比例（左右2D:5D，左3D:5D）出现异速生长效应。结论在产前类固醇影响下形成的2D和4D手指的比值上没有观察到异速生长效应，但在其他手指上可以观察到异速生长效应。

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引用次数: 0

Addressing Threats to Research and Global Engagement in Human Biology 解决人类生物学研究和全球参与的威胁

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70116

William R. Leonard, Noël Cameron

Human Biology is a young science asking the oldest of questions: Who are we? From what did we evolve? How did we deal with threats to our existence? What physiological and morphological adaptations did we develop that allowed our survival and fitness through evolutionary time? In the 21st century, after over three million years of human evolutionary change, what biological characteristics allow us to deal with the existential onslaught that is now affecting our daily lives?

These questions are not just interesting in their own right, but their answers are fundamental to the future of our species and are critically important to addressing long-standing inequities in health outcomes among human populations around the world. Arguably, the most important characteristic of Homo sapiens is our ability to acquire and use knowledge to understand the world around us. In that acquisition, it is the identification of the problem, the sharing of the search, and the answers that allows our onward existence. Threats to the research that targets those specific questions are a threat to humanity.

Since the dawn of the enlightenment in the 17th century, the speed with which we have been able to acquire and use knowledge has gathered pace, requiring ever more sophisticated methods of the sharing and transfer of knowledge through education so that the next generation profits from our endeavors and continues the journey.

We believe that threats exist to the educational and research methods that are the basis of our academic freedom to explore existential questions. These threats to science and promotion of conspiracy theories must be identified and rejected.

The consequences of the actions by the Trump administration are being felt across academia, research institutions, international development agencies, and in the broader global scientific community. As international organizations of Human Biologists, we believe that our collective voice must be heard at this time of crisis to argue for and create a constructive future pathway and not one that destroys the very advantages that have made our species so successful. We believe that government policies that emphasize deregulation, budget cuts, and restrictions on research and global engagement in the health and life sciences are ultimately destructive and must be objected to at every juncture.

We join the voices of our colleagues internationally and through the American National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine when we agree that while we hold diverse political beliefs, we are united as researchers in wanting to protect independent scientific inquiry for the future of our species.

Statement of Editorial Independence: The views expressed here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the publisher.

人类生物学是一门年轻的科学，它提出了一个最古老的问题：我们是谁？我们是从什么进化而来的？我们如何应对对我们生存的威胁？我们发展了什么样的生理和形态适应，使我们能够在进化过程中生存和适应？在21世纪，经过300多万年的人类进化变化，什么样的生物学特征使我们能够应对目前影响我们日常生活的生存冲击？这些问题不仅本身就很有趣，而且它们的答案对我们物种的未来至关重要，对于解决世界各地人口健康结果长期不平等的问题至关重要。可以说，智人最重要的特征是我们有能力获取和使用知识来理解我们周围的世界。在这种收获中，正是对问题的识别，对探索的分享，以及让我们继续存在的答案。对针对这些具体问题的研究的威胁就是对人类的威胁。自17世纪启蒙运动开始以来，我们获取和使用知识的速度加快了，这就需要通过教育来分享和转移知识的更复杂的方法，以便下一代从我们的努力中受益，并继续这一旅程。我们认为，教育和研究方法存在威胁，而这些方法是我们探索存在问题的学术自由的基础。这些对科学的威胁和阴谋论的推广必须被识别和拒绝。学术界、研究机构、国际发展机构以及更广泛的全球科学界都感受到了特朗普政府行动的后果。作为人类生物学家的国际组织，我们相信，在这个危机时刻，我们的集体声音必须被听到，以争取并创造一条建设性的未来道路，而不是破坏使我们物种如此成功的优势。我们认为，强调放松管制、削减预算、限制健康和生命科学研究和全球参与的政府政策最终是具有破坏性的，必须在每一个关键时刻予以反对。我们通过美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院，加入了国际同行的声音，我们一致认为，尽管我们持有不同的政治信仰，但作为研究人员，我们团结一致，希望为我们物种的未来保护独立的科学探究。编辑独立性声明：此处表达的观点仅代表作者的观点，并不一定代表出版商的观点。

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引用次数: 0

Contributions of Roy J. Shephard to the Study of Circumpolar Human Biology and Health Roy J. Shephard对极地人类生物学和健康研究的贡献

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70123

William R. Leonard, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

More than any other scholar in our field, Professor Roy J. Shephard's research has shaped and transformed our understanding of the biology and health of circumpolar populations. His long-term research among the Inuit of Igloolik, Canada has provided the field of human biology with foundational insights into how human populations adapt to arctic climates, and how the transition to a market-oriented lifestyle erodes fitness and metabolic health. Shephard was the prime architect of early research done in the Canadian Arctic as part of the Human Adaptability Program (HAP) of the International Biological Programme (IBP) in the 1960s and early 1970s. After the original IBP studies, Shephard and collaborator Andris Rode continued their research in Igloolik through the early 1990s. This long-term research provided some of the first clear evidence on how the process of acculturation and lifestyle change erodes physical development and metabolic health among Indigenous populations of the north. This paper provides an overview of the major findings and insights from Roy Shephard and colleagues' research in Igloolik and highlights how these contributions are shaping ongoing research on the biology and health of circumpolar populations.

Roy J. Shephard教授的研究塑造和改变了我们对极地周围人群的生物学和健康的理解，比我们这个领域的任何其他学者都要多。他对加拿大伊格卢利克的因纽特人进行了长期研究，为人类生物学领域提供了关于人类如何适应北极气候，以及向以市场为导向的生活方式的过渡如何侵蚀健康和代谢健康的基础见解。Shephard是20世纪60年代和70年代初在加拿大北极地区进行的早期研究的主要设计师，这些研究是国际生物计划（IBP）的人类适应性计划（HAP）的一部分。在最初的IBP研究之后，Shephard和合作者Andris Rode在20世纪90年代初继续在Igloolik进行研究。这项长期研究首次提供了一些明确的证据，证明文化适应和生活方式改变的过程如何影响北方土著居民的身体发育和代谢健康。本文概述了Roy Shephard及其同事在Igloolik的研究的主要发现和见解，并强调了这些贡献如何影响正在进行的环极种群生物学和健康研究。

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引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic and Geographic Factors With Somatic Maturation in Mexican Children 墨西哥儿童身体质量指数、社会经济和地理因素与躯体成熟的关系

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70121

Luis Alberto Flores, Liliana Aracely Enríquez-del Castillo, Sudip Datta Banik, Damian Laborde-Daisson, Natanael Cervantes-Hernández, Estefanía Quintana-Mendias, Cinthia Verónica Villegas-Balderrama, Judith Margarita Rodríguez-Villalobos

Objective

To analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors and BMI-based nutritional status on the somatic maturity of Mexican children.

Methods

BMI-based nutritional status and maturity offset by the Moore-II method were estimated. Information on age, sex, weight, height of 2- to 18-year-old children and adolescents, household socioeconomic status, and geographic region were obtained from the 2012 and 2018 databases of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), and the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) in Mexico. Saturated log-linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations among the variables. The association between the prevalence of excess weight (BMI-based overweight and obesity) and age, transforming the logistic model to a linear model using the logit function, was estimated.

Results

The prevalence of overweight and obesity showed a cubic correlation with age and maturity offset in both sexes. In boys, the highest prevalence was observed at ages 12–14 years, which coincides with the peak height velocity. In girls, the highest prevalence occurred at ages 14–15 years, with this trend being stronger than in boys; additionally, overweight and obesity prevalence peaks at −2 and −1 years from APHV in boys, and between 0 and 2 years from APHV in girls. Children from rural areas, lower socioeconomic levels, and those from the southern region had a higher probability of late somatic maturity.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic and geographic factors play important roles in shaping nutritional status and somatic maturation patterns in Mexican children. Health and nutrition intervention programs and strategies for children and adolescents, based on these factors, are recommended.

目的分析社会人口学因素和基于bmi的营养状况对墨西哥儿童体成熟度的影响。方法采用Moore-II法估算基于bmi的营养状况和成熟度偏移。从墨西哥国家健康与营养调查（ENSANUT）、国家公共卫生研究所（INSP）和国家统计与地理研究所（INEGI）的2012年和2018年数据库中获得了2至18岁儿童和青少年的年龄、性别、体重、身高、家庭社会经济地位和地理区域的信息。使用饱和对数线性和逻辑回归模型来评估变量之间的关联。估计超重患病率（基于bmi的超重和肥胖）与年龄之间的关系，使用logit函数将logistic模型转换为线性模型。结果超重和肥胖的患病率与年龄和成熟程度呈三次相关。在男孩中，发病率最高的年龄是12-14岁，这与身高速度的峰值相吻合。在女孩中，14-15岁的流行率最高，这一趋势比男孩更明显；此外，超重和肥胖患病率在男孩患APHV后2 - 1岁和女孩患APHV后0 - 2岁达到峰值。来自农村地区、社会经济水平较低的地区和南部地区的儿童更有可能出现身体发育迟缓。结论社会经济和地理因素在墨西哥儿童营养状况和躯体成熟模式的形成中起重要作用。基于这些因素，建议为儿童和青少年制定健康和营养干预方案和策略。

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引用次数: 0

Biological Benchmarks for Adult Bone Mass Proportions in Young Females: A Prospective Longitudinal Analysis 年轻女性成年骨量比例的生物学基准：一项前瞻性纵向分析

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70118

Jodi N. Dowthwaite, Stephanie A. Kliethermes, Tamara A. Scerpella

Objectives

In growing humans, densitometric scans of whole-body bone mass “less head” are recommended to circumvent the excessive contribution of youths' proportionally larger heads but potentially inflate inter-scan variation and least significant change due to measurement error. We aimed to determine biological benchmarks for achievement of adult head-body proportions in a sample of US females.

Methods

Annual whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans tracked growth, maturation, and bone mass accrual in a prospective longitudinal cohort of girls for up to 19 years (baseline age 7–15 years). We used cubic smoothing spline mixed effects models to generate chronological and gynecological age-based curves for head versus whole-body bone mass proportions (ratios). Females with ≥ 3 annual scans were included (n = 148, age 7–30 years).

Results

Models yielded trajectories extending beyond observed age at peak bone mass for our sample. From age 18 years, “adult” mean of means for head vs. whole-body bone mass proportions was 0.204 (n = 66: 95% confidence interval = 0.198–0.210). Individual proportions stabilized to “adult” mean levels circum-menarche (n = 124: mean = 0.198; 95% confidence interval = 0.194–0.202). The minimum age for 95% confidence intervals overlapping with adult values was 12 years, circum-peak height velocity (n = 120: mean = 0.211; 95% confidence interval = 0.207–0.216).

Conclusion

In US girls with diverse activity exposures, head vs. whole-body bone mass proportions are “adult” from menarche onward; an “adult” age threshold of 12 years, or age at peak height velocity, may be used in the absence of extreme maturational delay to evaluate whole-body bone mass including the head.

在成长中的人类中，推荐使用“少头”的全身骨量密度扫描，以避免青少年比例较大的头部对骨量的过度贡献，但可能会增加扫描间的变化，并且由于测量误差导致的变化不显著。我们的目的是确定在美国女性样本中实现成人头身比例的生物学基准。方法：在长达19年（基线年龄7-15岁）的前瞻性纵向队列中，每年进行一次全身双能x线吸收仪（DXA）扫描，跟踪女孩的生长、成熟和骨量积累。我们使用三次平滑样条混合效应模型来生成头部与全身骨量比例（比率）的时间和妇科年龄曲线。纳入每年扫描3次以上的女性（n = 148，年龄7-30岁）。结果在我们的样本中，模型产生的轨迹超出了观察到的骨量峰值年龄。从18岁开始，头部与全身骨量比例的“成人”平均值为0.204 （n = 66: 95%可信区间= 0.198-0.210）。个体比例稳定在月经初潮前后的“成人”平均水平(n = 124：平均值= 0.198；95%置信区间= 0.194-0.202)。与成人值重叠95%置信区间的最小年龄为12岁，环峰高度速度(n = 120，平均值= 0.211；95%置信区间= 0.207-0.216)。结论：在不同活动暴露的美国女孩中，从月经初潮开始，头部与全身骨量比例是“成人”的；“成人”年龄阈值为12岁，或峰值高度速度年龄，在没有极端成熟延迟的情况下可用于评估包括头部在内的全身骨量。

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引用次数: 0

Species-Specific Helminth Effects, Ecoimmunology, and Indigenous Health: Commentary on Cepon-Robins et al. (2025) 物种特异性蠕虫效应、生态免疫学和土著健康：对Cepon-Robins等人的评论（2025）

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70117

Nathkapach Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon, Kornmaneethana Punnasirimangmee, Pattharasedthi Pholyiam, Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon

引用次数: 0

Association Between Motor Competence, Executive Functions, and Self-Regulation: A Complex Systems Approach 运动能力、执行功能和自我调节之间的联系：一个复杂系统的方法

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Human Biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70110

Morgana Alves Correia da Silva, Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins, Michelly Alencar Alencar, Paulo Renato Alves Firmino, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira

<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>There are several associated factors that have an impact on a child's development, including the cognitive and motor domains. Motor competence is intrinsically linked to executive functioning, even though the causal links between the development of motor skills and the development of cognitive skills are not always obvious. Even in early childhood, with advances in cognitive processes in the child's development, processes emerge that make the child capable of regulating their own behavior.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>These variables are important for child development; however, there are no previous studies that examine the associations of motor competence, executive functions, and self-regulation together. There is also no study that takes a holistic view to better understand the interrelationships of these variables. This study aimed to investigate the association between motor competence, executive functions, and self-regulation in childhood and identify the variables with the highest network influence values.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The research adopted a cross-sectional design; it is a descriptive and associative study. Two hundred and eighty-three children aged 3–6 years of both sexes, from two of the most populous cities in the interior of northeastern Brazil participated. The instruments used were the TGMD-3 for motor competence, the Early Years Toolbox battery for executive functions, and HTKS-R for self-regulation. The data was analyzed using network analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>It was observed that motor competence and executive functions were positively related, and self-regulation had an indirect association with motor competence. These findings corroborate previous studies on the relationship between motor competence and executive functions and highlight the importance of self-regulation in this association. The network showed clusters between motor competence skills, executive functions, and self-regulation, which are part of the same construct. The skills of running, receiving, kicking, and inhibitory control had the highest centrality rates, highlighting their importance for the interconnection of variables. The highest values of expected influence were from running, inhibitory control, and kicking, modifications of which can result in significant changes in the overall behavior of the network.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>These findings reinforce the integrated nature of motor, cognitive, and self-regulat

有几个相关的因素影响儿童的发展，包括认知和运动领域。运动能力与执行功能有着内在的联系，尽管运动技能的发展与认知技能的发展之间的因果关系并不总是很明显。即使在儿童早期，随着儿童发展过程中认知过程的进步，也出现了使儿童能够调节自己行为的过程。这些变量对儿童发展很重要；然而，以前没有研究将运动能力、执行功能和自我调节联系在一起。也没有研究采取整体的观点来更好地理解这些变量之间的相互关系。本研究旨在探讨儿童运动能力、执行功能和自我调节之间的关系，并找出具有最高网络影响值的变量。方法采用横断面设计；这是一个描述性和联想性的研究。来自巴西东北部两个人口最多的内陆城市的283名年龄在3-6岁的男女儿童参加了这项研究。采用TGMD-3测试运动能力，早期工具箱测试执行功能，HTKS-R测试自我调节。采用网络分析法对数据进行分析。结果运动能力与执行功能呈正相关，自我调节与运动能力有间接关联。这些发现证实了先前关于运动能力和执行功能之间关系的研究，并强调了自我调节在这一关联中的重要性。该网络显示出运动能力技能、执行功能和自我调节之间的集群，它们是同一结构的一部分。跑步、接球、踢腿和抑制控制的技能具有最高的中心性率，突出了它们对变量互连的重要性。预期影响的最高值来自奔跑、抑制控制和踢脚，这些变化可能导致网络整体行为的显著变化。这些发现强化了儿童时期运动、认知和自我调节过程的整合性，表明特定技能（如跑步、抑制控制）在发展网络中起着核心作用。

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