Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.016
Riqiang Bao , Yuhan Guo , Yixiang Hu , Guang Ning , Shijia Pan , Weiqing Wang
Background
Accurate monitoring of energy balance is essential for effective weight management, but the role of energy excretion is often neglected.
Objectives
This study aimed to develop and validate a standardized method for assessing energy excretion using dye-labeled meal replacement bars with consistent and stable ingredients.
Methods
We utilized baseline data from a registered cross-over trial involving 12 healthy adults (7 females and 5 males) with a body mass index of 18–25 kg/m2. Participants consumed dye-labeled meal replacement bars under a standardized protocol, and their feces and urine were collected for energy measurement using bomb calorimetry. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore associations between these variables.
Results
The total energy excretion rate averaged 10.48% [standard deviation (SD) 2.56%] of energy intake, with fecal and urinary excretion accounting for 7.95% (SD 2.67%) and 2.52% (SD 0.6%), respectively. Significant individual variability was observed, with total energy excretion ranging from 6.34% to 15.07%, resulting in a maximum difference of 209.64 kcal/d. Fecal energy excretion was positively correlated with fecal wet weight and energy density, whereas urinary energy excretion was associated with digestible energy.
Conclusions
This study presents a standardized and efficient methodology for accurately assessing energy excretion using dye-labeled replacement bars. The findings underscore the notable yet variable role of energy excretion in energy balance and suggest that this method could enhance the precision of future energy balance studies.
Registration number: This study was registered at chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR2000038421.
{"title":"Standardized assessment of energy excretion in healthy adults: a novel methodology","authors":"Riqiang Bao , Yuhan Guo , Yixiang Hu , Guang Ning , Shijia Pan , Weiqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate monitoring of energy balance is essential for effective weight management, but the role of energy excretion is often neglected.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and validate a standardized method for assessing energy excretion using dye-labeled meal replacement bars with consistent and stable ingredients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized baseline data from a registered cross-over trial involving 12 healthy adults (7 females and 5 males) with a body mass index of 18–25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Participants consumed dye-labeled meal replacement bars under a standardized protocol, and their feces and urine were collected for energy measurement using bomb calorimetry. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore associations between these variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total energy excretion rate averaged 10.48% [standard deviation (SD) 2.56%] of energy intake, with fecal and urinary excretion accounting for 7.95% (SD 2.67%) and 2.52% (SD 0.6%), respectively. Significant individual variability was observed, with total energy excretion ranging from 6.34% to 15.07%, resulting in a maximum difference of 209.64 kcal/d. Fecal energy excretion was positively correlated with fecal wet weight and energy density, whereas urinary energy excretion was associated with digestible energy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study presents a standardized and efficient methodology for accurately assessing energy excretion using dye-labeled replacement bars. The findings underscore the notable yet variable role of energy excretion in energy balance and suggest that this method could enhance the precision of future energy balance studies.</div><div><strong>Registration number:</strong> This study was registered at chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR2000038421.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 470-477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.022
Erica Phillips , Francis M Ngure , Neema Kassim , Paul C Turner , Edna Makule , Laura E Smith , Nyabasi Makori , Benedikt Cramer , Hans-Ulrich Humpf , Rebecca J Nelson , Rebecca J Stoltzfus
Background
Linear growth faltering continues to negatively affect children in low- and middle-income countries and is associated with poor cognitive, developmental, and educational outcomes. Laboratory and observational data suggest that aflatoxin (AF) is a contributor to stunting.
Objective
The Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial was a cluster-randomized, community-based 2-group trial conducted in Kongwa District, Tanzania, between 2018 and 2020. The trial assessed whether a 12-mo intervention to reduce AF consumption increased length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) at 18 mo.
Methods
Low-AF maize and groundnut flours were provided to the intervention group each month; skin lotion was distributed to the control group monthly. Infant and young child feeding education was delivered equally in 52 health facilities (clusters). Anthropometry and the AF blood biomarker serum AF-albumin (AF-alb) were assessed at 6, 12, and 18 mo of age. Outcomes were analyzed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol using linear mixed-effects models.
Results
Two thousand eight hundred forty-two maternal–infant dyads were recruited into the study. The intervention did not create a contrast in AF-alb. At 18 mo, 36% (n = 186/520) of infants had detectable levels of AF-alb compared with 54% (n = 195/364) at baseline, with no difference between groups. Mean LAZ in the intervention group at 18 mo was −1.83 (n = 1231, 95% CI: −1.93, −1.73) compared to −1.90 (n = 1287, 95% CI: −1.99, −1.82) in the control group (P = 0.28).
Conclusions
An intervention to reduce AF exposure did not alter AF-alb nor anthropometric measures between treatment groups. Drought and agricultural data indicated less favorable conditions for toxin production, resulting in low levels of exposure in both trial arms. Annual, seasonal, and geographic heterogeneity of AF contamination make it difficult to study in an ethically designed trial. Our formative research and early trial data indicate that stunting and intermittent AF exposure continue to be a problem in this region. However, the low-AF exposure levels during the trial led to inconclusive results.
{"title":"The effect of an intervention to reduce aflatoxin consumption from 6 to 18 mo of age on length-for-age z-scores in rural Tanzania: a cluster-randomized trial","authors":"Erica Phillips , Francis M Ngure , Neema Kassim , Paul C Turner , Edna Makule , Laura E Smith , Nyabasi Makori , Benedikt Cramer , Hans-Ulrich Humpf , Rebecca J Nelson , Rebecca J Stoltzfus","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Linear growth faltering continues to negatively affect children in low- and middle-income countries and is associated with poor cognitive, developmental, and educational outcomes. Laboratory and observational data suggest that aflatoxin (AF) is a contributor to stunting.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial was a cluster-randomized, community-based 2-group trial conducted in Kongwa District, Tanzania, between 2018 and 2020. The trial assessed whether a 12-mo intervention to reduce AF consumption increased length-for-age <em>z</em>-scores (LAZ) at 18 mo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Low-AF maize and groundnut flours were provided to the intervention group each month; skin lotion was distributed to the control group monthly. Infant and young child feeding education was delivered equally in 52 health facilities (clusters). Anthropometry and the AF blood biomarker serum AF-albumin (AF-alb) were assessed at 6, 12, and 18 mo of age. Outcomes were analyzed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol using linear mixed-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two thousand eight hundred forty-two maternal–infant dyads were recruited into the study. The intervention did not create a contrast in AF-alb. At 18 mo, 36% (<em>n</em> = 186/520) of infants had detectable levels of AF-alb compared with 54% (<em>n</em> = 195/364) at baseline, with no difference between groups. Mean LAZ in the intervention group at 18 mo was −1.83 (<em>n</em> = 1231, 95% CI: −1.93, −1.73) compared to −1.90 (<em>n</em> = 1287, 95% CI: −1.99, −1.82) in the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An intervention to reduce AF exposure did not alter AF-alb nor anthropometric measures between treatment groups. Drought and agricultural data indicated less favorable conditions for toxin production, resulting in low levels of exposure in both trial arms. Annual, seasonal, and geographic heterogeneity of AF contamination make it difficult to study in an ethically designed trial. Our formative research and early trial data indicate that stunting and intermittent AF exposure continue to be a problem in this region. However, the low-AF exposure levels during the trial led to inconclusive results.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Registration number</h3><div>NCT03940547 (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 333-342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.025
Muzi Na , Martin J Sliwinski , Penny M Kris-Etherton
Background
The impact of food insecurity and food assistance programs on long-term body weight and composition is unclear.
Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between baseline and duration of food insufficiency (FI), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) status, and variability in weight, BMI, and waist circumference (WC).
Methods
Data from 3897 eligible Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 y recruited in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2012–2021) were analyzed. At baseline, SNAP status was assessed. With repeated measurements over follow-up, baseline FI status, years with FI experience (nFI), 3 variability metrics for weight, BMI, and WC [i.e. SD, coefficient of variation (CV), root mean squared error (RMSE)] and 4 patterns (stable, loss, gain and cycling) were defined. Partial proportional-odds generalized ordered logit models and multinomial logistic regression models were fit to investigate the association between FI status, nFI, and SNAP status and quartiles of variability metrics and patterns, respectively.
Results
The median (IQR) follow-up years was 8 (4, 9). Per 1-unit increase in the nFI, older adults had significantly higher variability in BMI (OR: 1.08–1.10), weight (OR: 1.14–1.15), and waist circumference (OR: 1.11–1.27) by SD, CV, and RMSE. SNAP participants did not differ from eligible nonparticipants in any variability metrics. Older adults with FI at baseline were 2.72 times (95% CI: 1.32, 5.58) more likely to gain weight. Relative risk of weight loss (RRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56), gain (RRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.65), or cycling (RRR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.21) increased per 1-unit increase in nFI. SNAP participants did not differ in BMI, weight, or WC patterns from eligible nonparticipants.
Conclusions
Recurring food insecurity is associated with variability in older adults’ weight and body composition. Additional interventions beyond SNAP are needed to prevent food insecurity and instability in body weight and composition.
{"title":"Food insufficiency, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program status, and variability in weight and body composition: Longitudinal analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study Cohort 2012–2021","authors":"Muzi Na , Martin J Sliwinski , Penny M Kris-Etherton","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The impact of food insecurity and food assistance programs on long-term body weight and composition is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between baseline and duration of food insufficiency (FI), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) status, and variability in weight, BMI, and waist circumference (WC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 3897 eligible Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 y recruited in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2012–2021) were analyzed. At baseline, SNAP status was assessed. With repeated measurements over follow-up, baseline FI status, years with FI experience (nFI), 3 variability metrics for weight, BMI, and WC [i.e. SD, coefficient of variation (CV), root mean squared error (RMSE)] and 4 patterns (stable, loss, gain and cycling) were defined. Partial proportional-odds generalized ordered logit models and multinomial logistic regression models were fit to investigate the association between FI status, nFI, and SNAP status and quartiles of variability metrics and patterns, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median (IQR) follow-up years was 8 (4, 9). Per 1-unit increase in the nFI, older adults had significantly higher variability in BMI (OR: 1.08–1.10), weight (OR: 1.14–1.15), and waist circumference (OR: 1.11–1.27) by SD, CV, and RMSE. SNAP participants did not differ from eligible nonparticipants in any variability metrics. Older adults with FI at baseline were 2.72 times (95% CI: 1.32, 5.58) more likely to gain weight. Relative risk of weight loss (RRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56), gain (RRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.65), or cycling (RRR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.21) increased per 1-unit increase in nFI. SNAP participants did not differ in BMI, weight, or WC patterns from eligible nonparticipants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Recurring food insecurity is associated with variability in older adults’ weight and body composition. Additional interventions beyond SNAP are needed to prevent food insecurity and instability in body weight and composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 463-469"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.017
Stephen R Hennigar
{"title":"Genetic ancestry affects iron requirements: building the evidence for more precise guidelines for dietary iron intake","authors":"Stephen R Hennigar","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 189-190"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.008
Wei Wei Pang , Donna T Geddes , Ching-Tat Lai , Navin Michael , Jonathan Huang , Yiong Huak Chan , Clara Y Cheong , Doris Fok , Shikha Pundir , Sharon Ng , Mark H Vickers , Mei Chien Chua , Kok Hian Tan , Keith M Godfrey , Lynette P Shek , Yap-Seng Chong , Johan G Eriksson , Shiao-Yng Chan , Mary E Wlodek
Background
The development of the breast for lactation occurs throughout pregnancy. It is unknown whether pregnancy complications resulting in poor fetal growth can affect breastfeeding (BF) success.
Objectives
We examined whether fetal growth-related pregnancy complications were associated with earlier BF cessation and changes in the concentrations of human milk biomarkers of low milk production.
Methods
We used data from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes study (n = 954). Human milk concentrations of protein, lactose, citrate, sodium, potassium, and zinc at 3 wk postpartum were available for 180 mother-infant dyads. We examined the associations of fetal growth measures, including term infants born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (<10th percentile), pregnancies complicated by fetal growth deceleration (second to third trimester fetal growth dropped between major centiles), elevated umbilical artery resistance (>90th percentile) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) with 1) risk of ceasing BF (Cox regression) and 2) concentrations of human milk components (weighted linear regression).
Results
Adjusting for maternal education, smoking exposure, BF intentions, and prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m2), individuals who delivered SGA infants and those with HDP were more likely to breastfeed for a shorter duration when compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies {adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.45 (1.11, 1.89) and 1.61 (1.14, 2.29), respectively}; associations were nonsignificant for fetal growth deceleration and umbilical artery resistance. SGA was not associated with concentrations of human milk biomarkers, but compared to participants with uncomplicated pregnancies, milk produced by those with HDP contained lower zinc concentrations [adjusted β coefficient (95% CI): –0.56 mg/L (–1.08, –0.04) mg/L].
Conclusions
Individuals with HDP and those with SGA infants tend to breastfeed for a shorter duration; however, only HDP appear to be associated with biomarkers of compromised milk production. Further research and support are needed to help individuals with HDP and SGA achieve their BF goals.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
{"title":"The prospective associations of fetal growth-related pregnancy complications with subsequent breastfeeding duration and markers of human milk production","authors":"Wei Wei Pang , Donna T Geddes , Ching-Tat Lai , Navin Michael , Jonathan Huang , Yiong Huak Chan , Clara Y Cheong , Doris Fok , Shikha Pundir , Sharon Ng , Mark H Vickers , Mei Chien Chua , Kok Hian Tan , Keith M Godfrey , Lynette P Shek , Yap-Seng Chong , Johan G Eriksson , Shiao-Yng Chan , Mary E Wlodek","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The development of the breast for lactation occurs throughout pregnancy. It is unknown whether pregnancy complications resulting in poor fetal growth can affect breastfeeding (BF) success.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined whether fetal growth-related pregnancy complications were associated with earlier BF cessation and changes in the concentrations of human milk biomarkers of low milk production.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes study (<em>n</em> = 954). Human milk concentrations of protein, lactose, citrate, sodium, potassium, and zinc at 3 wk postpartum were available for 180 mother-infant dyads. We examined the associations of fetal growth measures, including term infants born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (<10th percentile), pregnancies complicated by fetal growth deceleration (second to third trimester fetal growth dropped between major centiles), elevated umbilical artery resistance (>90th percentile) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) with <em>1</em>) risk of ceasing BF (Cox regression) and <em>2</em>) concentrations of human milk components (weighted linear regression).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adjusting for maternal education, smoking exposure, BF intentions, and prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m<sup>2</sup>), individuals who delivered SGA infants and those with HDP were more likely to breastfeed for a shorter duration when compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies {adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.45 (1.11, 1.89) and 1.61 (1.14, 2.29), respectively}; associations were nonsignificant for fetal growth deceleration and umbilical artery resistance. SGA was not associated with concentrations of human milk biomarkers, but compared to participants with uncomplicated pregnancies, milk produced by those with HDP contained lower zinc concentrations [adjusted β coefficient (95% CI): –0.56 mg/L (–1.08, –0.04) mg/L].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals with HDP and those with SGA infants tend to breastfeed for a shorter duration; however, only HDP appear to be associated with biomarkers of compromised milk production. Further research and support are needed to help individuals with HDP and SGA achieve their BF goals.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT01174875.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 478-487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transition toward sustainable dietary patterns, such as the planetary diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, is warranted to optimize health and achieve environmental sustainability.
Objectives
To examine the extent to which the evolution of dietary changes over an 8-y period in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort aligned with the EAT-Lancet diet.
Methods
A sample of 17,187 participants of the prospective NutriNet-Santé study was used. Dietary intakes were evaluated in 2014, 2018, and 2022 using a food frequency questionnaire. The alignment of dietary patterns with the EAT-Lancet diet was assessed using the EAT-Lancet dietary index (ELD-I). Changes over time in the ELD-I score and component sub-scores were evaluated using linear mixed regression models.
Results
The mean ELD-I score in 2014 (35.1 ± 0.4 points) increased by a mean of 5.5 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0, 5.9] in 2018, with no further increase in 2022 (+4.2 points compared with 2014: 95% CI: 3.6, 4.9). The increase in the ELD-I observed in 2018 was mostly explained by increases in the sub-scores of these components: Beef, lamb, and pork (+3.4 points; 95% CI: 3.1, 3.6, i.e., lower consumption), Fruits (+1.6 points; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.9, i.e., greater consumption), and Nuts (+1.1 points; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2, i.e., greater consumption). Changes of similar magnitudes were observed between 2014 and 2022, except for the Fruits component, which showed a decrease (–1.3 points; 95% CI: –1.7, –0.9). Greater changes in the ELD-I score over time were observed for females, younger adults, and adults with high education levels.
Conclusions
Results suggest that the slight shift toward more sustainable dietary patterns within the NutriNet-Santé cohort between 2014 and 2018 has stabilized in 2022. This suggests the need for strong efforts from various actors in the field of nutrition and public health that may facilitate the transition toward sustainable dietary patterns.
{"title":"Are dietary changes over eight years in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort consistent with the EAT-Lancet reference diet?","authors":"Gabrielle Rochefort , Hafsa Toujgani , Florine Berthy , Justine Berlivet , Elie Perraud , Benjamin Allès , Mathilde Touvier , Benoît Lamarche , Julia Baudry , Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The transition toward sustainable dietary patterns, such as the planetary diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, is warranted to optimize health and achieve environmental sustainability.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the extent to which the evolution of dietary changes over an 8-y period in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort aligned with the EAT-Lancet diet.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 17,187 participants of the prospective NutriNet-Santé study was used. Dietary intakes were evaluated in 2014, 2018, and 2022 using a food frequency questionnaire. The alignment of dietary patterns with the EAT-Lancet diet was assessed using the EAT-Lancet dietary index (ELD-I). Changes over time in the ELD-I score and component sub-scores were evaluated using linear mixed regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean ELD-I score in 2014 (35.1 ± 0.4 points) increased by a mean of 5.5 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0, 5.9] in 2018, with no further increase in 2022 (+4.2 points compared with 2014: 95% CI: 3.6, 4.9). The increase in the ELD-I observed in 2018 was mostly explained by increases in the sub-scores of these components: Beef, lamb, and pork (+3.4 points; 95% CI: 3.1, 3.6, i.e., lower consumption), Fruits (+1.6 points; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.9, i.e., greater consumption), and Nuts (+1.1 points; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2, i.e., greater consumption). Changes of similar magnitudes were observed between 2014 and 2022, except for the Fruits component, which showed a decrease (–1.3 points; 95% CI: –1.7, –0.9). Greater changes in the ELD-I score over time were observed for females, younger adults, and adults with high education levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results suggest that the slight shift toward more sustainable dietary patterns within the NutriNet-Santé cohort between 2014 and 2018 has stabilized in 2022. This suggests the need for strong efforts from various actors in the field of nutrition and public health that may facilitate the transition toward sustainable dietary patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 324-332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.019
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Association data to promote fish and omega-3 consumption for brain health: caution required” [Am J Clin Nutr 119 (2024) 1082-1083]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Page 502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.014
Alexa Barad , Yaqin Xu , Erica Bender , Wanhui Kang , Ruihan Xu , Zhenglong Gu , Eva K Pressman , Kimberly O O’Brien
Background
Excess body iron (Fe) accrual is linked to chronic diseases. East Asian (EA) adults (median age 50 y) were reported to have higher Fe stores compared to other populations despite lacking the mutation that causes Fe overload in Northern European (NE) adults. It is unknown if these differences are evident in a healthy population under 50 y of age.
Objectives
This cross-sectional study aims to compare Fe-related markers in young adults of EA and NE ancestry and identify determinants of Fe status.
Methods
Participants were healthy United States males and premenopausal/nonpregnant females of genetically confirmed EA (n = 251) or NE (n = 253) ancestry, aged 18–50 y and without obesity. A complete blood count was obtained. Serum ferritin (SF; μg/L), c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured by immunoassay, and serum soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) and transferrin by quantitative immunoturbidimetry. Total body Fe (mg/kg) was calculated. Elevated Fe stores were defined as SF >200 (females) or >300 (males) and c-reactive protein <5 mg/L. Results are shown as the geometric mean 95% confidence interval (CI) or mean ± standard deviation.
Results
The mean age of the population was (26.3 y; 25.6, 26.9 y), with 69.2% of participants aged under 30 y. SF was higher in EA (172; 152, 194) compared with NE (85.3; 76.8, 94.8) males (P < 0.001), and in EA (42.6; 36.7, 49.5) compared with NE (31.9; 27.8, 36.5) females (P = 0.004). The prevalence of elevated Fe stores was 16.7% in EA compared with 0.8% in NE males (P < 0.001) and 1.6% in EA compared with 0% in NE females (P = 0.47). Total body Fe was higher in EA (11.7 ± 2.7) compared with NE (9.1 ± 2.6) males (P < 0.001) and in EA (6.7 ± 3.6) compared with NE (5.6 ± 3.4) females (P = 0.01). All differences persisted after adjustment for confounders (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Individuals of EA ancestry had a significantly greater body Fe burden compared to NE individuals. Of concern, these differences were evident in a cohort primarily consisting of young individuals aged 18–29 y.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04198545.
{"title":"Characterization of iron status biomarkers and hematological indices among young adults of East Asian or Northern European ancestry: A cross-sectional analysis from the Iron Genes in East Asian and Northern European Adults Study (FeGenes)","authors":"Alexa Barad , Yaqin Xu , Erica Bender , Wanhui Kang , Ruihan Xu , Zhenglong Gu , Eva K Pressman , Kimberly O O’Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excess body iron (Fe) accrual is linked to chronic diseases. East Asian (EA) adults (median age 50 y) were reported to have higher Fe stores compared to other populations despite lacking the mutation that causes Fe overload in Northern European (NE) adults. It is unknown if these differences are evident in a healthy population under 50 y of age.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This cross-sectional study aims to compare Fe-related markers in young adults of EA and NE ancestry and identify determinants of Fe status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were healthy United States males and premenopausal/nonpregnant females of genetically confirmed EA (<em>n</em> = 251) or NE (<em>n</em> = 253) ancestry, aged 18–50 y and without obesity. A complete blood count was obtained. Serum ferritin (SF; <em>μ</em>g/L), c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured by immunoassay, and serum soluble transferrin receptor (mg/L) and transferrin by quantitative immunoturbidimetry. Total body Fe (mg/kg) was calculated. Elevated Fe stores were defined as SF >200 (females) or >300 (males) and c-reactive protein <5 mg/L. Results are shown as the geometric mean 95% confidence interval (CI) or mean ± standard deviation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the population was (26.3 y; 25.6, 26.9 y), with 69.2% of participants aged under 30 y. SF was higher in EA (172; 152, 194) compared with NE (85.3; 76.8, 94.8) males (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and in EA (42.6; 36.7, 49.5) compared with NE (31.9; 27.8, 36.5) females (<em>P =</em> 0.004). The prevalence of elevated Fe stores was 16.7% in EA compared with 0.8% in NE males (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and 1.6% in EA compared with 0% in NE females (<em>P</em> = 0.47). Total body Fe was higher in EA (11.7 ± 2.7) compared with NE (9.1 ± 2.6) males (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and in EA (6.7 ± 3.6) compared with NE (5.6 ± 3.4) females (<em>P =</em> 0.01). All differences persisted after adjustment for confounders (all <em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals of EA ancestry had a significantly greater body Fe burden compared to NE individuals. Of concern, these differences were evident in a cohort primarily consisting of young individuals aged 18–29 y.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04198545.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 394-405"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.005
Javier Maroto-Rodriguez , Rosario Ortolá , Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez , David Martinez-Gomez , Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo , Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
Background
Only a few studies have investigated the role of diet on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in European populations and have mainly focused on the Mediterranean diet. This is the first study to evaluate the association between various diet quality indices and CKD incidence in British adults.
Objective
To study the relationship between a set of 6 different diet quality indices and CKD incidence among British adults.
Methods
: A prospective cohort with 106,870 participants from the UK Biobank, followed from 2009 to 2012 through 2021. Food consumption was obtained from ≥2 24-h dietary assessments. Dietary patterns were assessed using previously established indices: Alternate Mediterranean Index (aMED), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), and dietary inflammatory index (DII). Incident CKD was obtained from clinical records, death registries, and self-reports. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models and adjusted for the main confounders.
Results
After a median follow-up of 9.27 y, 2934 cases of CKD were ascertained. Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of CKD for the highest compared with lowest tertile of adherence to each diet score were 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) for aMED, 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) for alternative healthy eating index 2010, 0.77 (0.70, 0.85) for DASH, 0.79 (0.72, 0.87) for hPDI, 1.27 (1.16, 1.40) for uPDI, and 1.20 (1.18, 1.33) for DII. The results were robust in sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions
In British adults, higher adherence to the aMED, DASH, and hPDI patterns was associated with lower risk of CKD, whereas greater adherence to the uPDI and DII patterns was associated with greater risk.
{"title":"Diet quality patterns and chronic kidney disease incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study","authors":"Javier Maroto-Rodriguez , Rosario Ortolá , Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez , David Martinez-Gomez , Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo , Mercedes Sotos-Prieto","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Only a few studies have investigated the role of diet on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in European populations and have mainly focused on the Mediterranean diet. This is the first study to evaluate the association between various diet quality indices and CKD incidence in British adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To study the relationship between a set of 6 different diet quality indices and CKD incidence among British adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>: A prospective cohort with 106,870 participants from the UK Biobank, followed from 2009 to 2012 through 2021. Food consumption was obtained from ≥2 24-h dietary assessments. Dietary patterns were assessed using previously established indices: Alternate Mediterranean Index (aMED), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), and dietary inflammatory index (DII). Incident CKD was obtained from clinical records, death registries, and self-reports. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models and adjusted for the main confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After a median follow-up of 9.27 y, 2934 cases of CKD were ascertained. Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of CKD for the highest compared with lowest tertile of adherence to each diet score were 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) for aMED, 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) for alternative healthy eating index 2010, 0.77 (0.70, 0.85) for DASH, 0.79 (0.72, 0.87) for hPDI, 1.27 (1.16, 1.40) for uPDI, and 1.20 (1.18, 1.33) for DII. The results were robust in sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In British adults, higher adherence to the aMED, DASH, and hPDI patterns was associated with lower risk of CKD, whereas greater adherence to the uPDI and DII patterns was associated with greater risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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