Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.3.95
R. Wyatt
Abstract. Compared to most other groups of vascular plants, ferns have been neglected with respect to the potential for nonnative species to invade native plant communities and displace native species. Targeted collecting in the Piedmont of northeast Georgia uncovered five nonnative ferns that represent range extensions or provide clear confirmation of naturalization. Examination of herbarium specimens from Georgia revealed that some earlier records, as well as some overlooked records, were based on misidentifications. The species involved (Cyrtomium fortunei, Deparia petersenii, Dryopteris erythrosora, Macrothelypteris torresiana, and Pteris multifida) are all introductions from temperate regions in East Asia and represent escapes from cultivation. Study of Georgia collections held in herbaria from throughout the Southeast allowed determination of the first appearance and subsequent range expansion of the five species over time. These data and information about mating systems, ploidy level, and ecological requirements of each species allowed inferences to be made about their probable spread in the future, including effects of climate change.
{"title":"On the Spread of Five Nonnative Ferns in Georgia","authors":"R. Wyatt","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.3.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.3.95","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Compared to most other groups of vascular plants, ferns have been neglected with respect to the potential for nonnative species to invade native plant communities and displace native species. Targeted collecting in the Piedmont of northeast Georgia uncovered five nonnative ferns that represent range extensions or provide clear confirmation of naturalization. Examination of herbarium specimens from Georgia revealed that some earlier records, as well as some overlooked records, were based on misidentifications. The species involved (Cyrtomium fortunei, Deparia petersenii, Dryopteris erythrosora, Macrothelypteris torresiana, and Pteris multifida) are all introductions from temperate regions in East Asia and represent escapes from cultivation. Study of Georgia collections held in herbaria from throughout the Southeast allowed determination of the first appearance and subsequent range expansion of the five species over time. These data and information about mating systems, ploidy level, and ecological requirements of each species allowed inferences to be made about their probable spread in the future, including effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"111 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.58
J. Schneller, M. Kessler
Abstract. Little is known about the functional significance of heterospory in land plants, nor about how species ensure that mega- and microspores, which have strongly different wind dispersal, are dispersed over similar distances to ensure cross-fertilization. We studied active ejection distances and heights of megaspores of Selaginella denticulata, S. helvetica, and S. selaginoides. Under laboratory conditions, the maximum horizontal and vertical ejection distances of megaspores from the sporangia were 24 cm and 22 cm for S. denticulata, 65 cm and 45 cm for S. helvetica, and 120 cm and 76 cm for S. selaginoides. The function of this active spore ejection thus should not only be seen in the ability of horizontal dispersal but also as a means to bring the megaspores into the wind currents. Under laboratory conditions, microspores of all three species showed a maximum horizontal ejection distance of about 10 cm. However, experiments in the open showed that under natural conditions with wind, microspore dispersal occurs over much longer distances and that the megaspores are partly also wind assisted and reach similar distances. In addition, we observed synaptospory, in which microspores electrostatically adhered to megaspores and were dispersed with them. Our results suggest that the active ejection of the megaspores is a means of ensuring similar dispersal distances of micro- and megaspores and thus cross-fertilization. Very little is known about the breeding system in Selaginella, but we surmise that both self-fertilization and outcrossing occur.
{"title":"Spore dispersal of Selaginella denticulata, S. helvetica, and S. selaginoides, and the significance of heterospory in Selaginellacae","authors":"J. Schneller, M. Kessler","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.58","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Little is known about the functional significance of heterospory in land plants, nor about how species ensure that mega- and microspores, which have strongly different wind dispersal, are dispersed over similar distances to ensure cross-fertilization. We studied active ejection distances and heights of megaspores of Selaginella denticulata, S. helvetica, and S. selaginoides. Under laboratory conditions, the maximum horizontal and vertical ejection distances of megaspores from the sporangia were 24 cm and 22 cm for S. denticulata, 65 cm and 45 cm for S. helvetica, and 120 cm and 76 cm for S. selaginoides. The function of this active spore ejection thus should not only be seen in the ability of horizontal dispersal but also as a means to bring the megaspores into the wind currents. Under laboratory conditions, microspores of all three species showed a maximum horizontal ejection distance of about 10 cm. However, experiments in the open showed that under natural conditions with wind, microspore dispersal occurs over much longer distances and that the megaspores are partly also wind assisted and reach similar distances. In addition, we observed synaptospory, in which microspores electrostatically adhered to megaspores and were dispersed with them. Our results suggest that the active ejection of the megaspores is a means of ensuring similar dispersal distances of micro- and megaspores and thus cross-fertilization. Very little is known about the breeding system in Selaginella, but we surmise that both self-fertilization and outcrossing occur.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"58 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47946183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.66
M. D. Arana, P. C. Berrueta, D. Gorrer, G. Giudice, M. L. Luna
{"title":"Pteris tremula (Polypodiopsida: Pteridaceae): A Naturalized Species in Argentina","authors":"M. D. Arana, P. C. Berrueta, D. Gorrer, G. Giudice, M. L. Luna","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"66 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.51
C. Carvajal-Hernández, Ena E. Córdova-Hernández, T. Krömer, C. M. Burelo-Ramos
Abstract. We describe Anemia tabascana (Anemiaceae), a new species from the state of Tabasco in southeastern Mexico. This species is similar to Anemia phyllitidis and Anemia×paraphyllitidis; however, A. tabascana has free veins in the pinnae, and the rachis and distal part of the stipe are glabrescent (vs. at least sparsely pubescent in presumably related species). The closest relative of the new species may be Anemia nicaraguensis, which has a similar venation pattern and inclined fertile pinnae but differs in having more rounded or subacute pinna tips, fewer and more equilateral pinnae, and more numerous hairs on the stipes and blades.
{"title":"Anemia tabascana (Anemiaceae), a new species from southeastern Mexico","authors":"C. Carvajal-Hernández, Ena E. Córdova-Hernández, T. Krömer, C. M. Burelo-Ramos","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We describe Anemia tabascana (Anemiaceae), a new species from the state of Tabasco in southeastern Mexico. This species is similar to Anemia phyllitidis and Anemia×paraphyllitidis; however, A. tabascana has free veins in the pinnae, and the rachis and distal part of the stipe are glabrescent (vs. at least sparsely pubescent in presumably related species). The closest relative of the new species may be Anemia nicaraguensis, which has a similar venation pattern and inclined fertile pinnae but differs in having more rounded or subacute pinna tips, fewer and more equilateral pinnae, and more numerous hairs on the stipes and blades.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"51 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44595153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.70
R. Jesu, Riccardo Anfonso
{"title":"First Evidence of Naturalization of the Black Tree Fern, Cyathea medullaris, in Madeira Island (Portugal)","authors":"R. Jesu, Riccardo Anfonso","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"70 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.75
J. Lange, C. Angelo
{"title":"Goniopteris moranii (syn.: Thelypteris guadalupensis; Thelypteridaceae), New to Florida and the Continental United States","authors":"J. Lange, C. Angelo","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"75 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.20
A. Della, C. M. Mynssen, J. Prado
Abstract. This paper describes and illustrates a new hybrid, Jamesonia 3intermedia, from Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The hybrid, most of whose spores are aborted, shows intermediate morphology between its putative parents (J. biardii and J. insignis) in lamina dissection, shape of the ultimate segments, and pubescence of the adaxial surface of the pinnae and rachises.
{"title":"Jamesonia ×intermedia: A New Hybrid Between J. biardii and J. insignis (Pteridaceae) from Brazil","authors":"A. Della, C. M. Mynssen, J. Prado","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper describes and illustrates a new hybrid, Jamesonia 3intermedia, from Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The hybrid, most of whose spores are aborted, shows intermediate morphology between its putative parents (J. biardii and J. insignis) in lamina dissection, shape of the ultimate segments, and pubescence of the adaxial surface of the pinnae and rachises.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"20 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42259721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.3
S. P. Kinosian, J. Suissa
Abstract. Women have long been underrepresented in STEM, although there are certain fields within this umbrella that show less of a disparity — the biological sciences being one example. Within biology, pteridology has a rich history of female contributors involved since its inception. In this review we strive to highlight some of the foremost female pteridologists including Elizabeth Knight Britton, Alma Stokey, Irene Manton, Alice Tryon, Barbara Hoshizaki, and Florence Wagner. This is not an exhaustive list, but rather an insight into the strong maternal lineage of the fern and lycophyte community. While the field would not be the same without the work of many male pteridologists, herein we emphasize the important contributions that these founding women have made. Some of the research conducted by early female pteridologists was largely undermined by their time and circumstance; here we bring their lives and works to the foreground. Furthermore, we hope this paper inspires young botanists to enter our unique and historically rich field.
摘要长期以来，女性在STEM领域的代表性不足，尽管在这一领域内的某些领域表现出较少的差距——生物科学就是一个例子。在生物学中，鸟类学自成立以来就有丰富的女性贡献者参与的历史。在这篇综述中，我们努力突出一些最重要的女性鸟类学家，包括Elizabeth Knight Britton, Alma Stokey, Irene Manton, Alice Tryon, Barbara Hoshizaki和Florence Wagner。这不是一个详尽的清单，而是对蕨类和石松类群落强大的母系血统的洞察。如果没有许多男性鸟类学家的工作，这个领域将不会是一样的，在这里我们强调这些创始女性所做的重要贡献。早期女性鸟类学家所做的一些研究在很大程度上受到了她们所处时代和环境的影响;在这里，我们把他们的生活和工作带到前台。此外，我们希望这篇文章能激励年轻的植物学家进入我们这个独特而历史悠久的领域。
{"title":"Mothers of Pteridology","authors":"S. P. Kinosian, J. Suissa","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Women have long been underrepresented in STEM, although there are certain fields within this umbrella that show less of a disparity — the biological sciences being one example. Within biology, pteridology has a rich history of female contributors involved since its inception. In this review we strive to highlight some of the foremost female pteridologists including Elizabeth Knight Britton, Alma Stokey, Irene Manton, Alice Tryon, Barbara Hoshizaki, and Florence Wagner. This is not an exhaustive list, but rather an insight into the strong maternal lineage of the fern and lycophyte community. While the field would not be the same without the work of many male pteridologists, herein we emphasize the important contributions that these founding women have made. Some of the research conducted by early female pteridologists was largely undermined by their time and circumstance; here we bring their lives and works to the foreground. Furthermore, we hope this paper inspires young botanists to enter our unique and historically rich field.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"19 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48236229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.42
Siegfried Piller
Abstract. The hybrid Polystichum × arendsii was first bred by Georg Arends at the turn of the 20th century. It was an artificial cross between P. munitum (Kaulf.) C. Presl, native to north western North America, and P. aculeatum (L.) Roth, occurring in the Eurasian region. In 1906 the well-known Swiss botanist Konrad H. Christ applied the name Aspidium × arendsii to this hybrid. In the following decades the fern was lost and its name was forgotten. The present study investigates the history of the hybrid. In the interim, the cross has been successfully carried out once again and a new description of P. × arendsii is provided. Study of herbarium material and comparison of the information supplied by Konrad H. Christ, as well as the analysis of the spores, confirmed that the hybrid corresponds with the original A. × arendsii and a necessary valid combination under Polystichum is provided.
摘要杂交的Polystichum × arendsii最早是由Georg Arends在20世纪初培育的。它是假单胞菌(p.m ulf。)C. Presl，原产于北美西北部，和P. aculeatum (L.)罗斯，发生在欧亚地区。1906年，著名的瑞士植物学家Konrad H. Christ将这种杂交植物命名为Aspidium x arendsii。在接下来的几十年里，蕨类植物消失了，它的名字也被遗忘了。本研究调查了杂交的历史。在此期间，再次成功地进行了杂交，并提供了一种新的P. xarendsii描述。通过对植物标本馆资料的研究和对Konrad H. Christ提供的资料的比较，以及对孢子的分析，证实了该杂交种与原a.x arendsii相对应，并为Polystichum下提供了必要的有效组合。
{"title":"The Hybrid Fern Polystichum × arendsii","authors":"Siegfried Piller","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-110.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The hybrid Polystichum × arendsii was first bred by Georg Arends at the turn of the 20th century. It was an artificial cross between P. munitum (Kaulf.) C. Presl, native to north western North America, and P. aculeatum (L.) Roth, occurring in the Eurasian region. In 1906 the well-known Swiss botanist Konrad H. Christ applied the name Aspidium × arendsii to this hybrid. In the following decades the fern was lost and its name was forgotten. The present study investigates the history of the hybrid. In the interim, the cross has been successfully carried out once again and a new description of P. × arendsii is provided. Study of herbarium material and comparison of the information supplied by Konrad H. Christ, as well as the analysis of the spores, confirmed that the hybrid corresponds with the original A. × arendsii and a necessary valid combination under Polystichum is provided.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":"42 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48254076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：