Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.237
Jeffrey Derek Dosdall, Aaron S. David
Abstract. Two closely related bracken (Pteridium) species, P. caudatum and P. aquilinum ssp. pseudocaudatum, have mostly separate ranges that overlap in Peninsular Florida. Congeneric species that occupy similar niches in distinct geographic ranges but whose native ranges narrowly overlap present an eco-evolutionary conundrum: How can species evolved to occupy similar niches in distinct ranges coexist? Research suggests that for a stable coexistence the species should differ at least subtly in their ecological niches, otherwise their coexistence would be unstable. We investigated whether these bracken species share a habitat and co-occur locally, and whether their coexistence is predicted to be stable. We surveyed bracken populations from seven sites at Archbold Biological Station (Venus, Florida, USA) and characterized their biotic and abiotic microhabitat. Both bracken species co-occur at three sites. The two species showed significantly different trends in canopy cover and in response to fire frequency, and they grew at different densities and biomass. These results suggest these two bracken species coexist stably by occupying distinct ecological niches.
摘要。两种亲缘关系很近的蕨类植物（Pteridium），P. caudatum 和 P. aquilinum ssp. pseudocaudatum，在佛罗里达半岛的分布区大多是分开的，但也有重叠。同源物种在不同的地理区域占据相似的生态位，但其原生地却狭小重叠，这给生态进化带来了难题：进化到在不同区域占据相似生态位的物种如何共存？研究表明，要想实现稳定共存，物种之间至少应在生态位上存在微妙差异，否则共存将是不稳定的。我们调查了这些蕨类植物物种是否共享一个栖息地并在当地共存，以及它们的共存关系是否稳定。我们调查了阿奇博尔德生物站（美国佛罗里达州金星市）七个地点的蕨类植物种群，并描述了它们的生物和非生物微生境特征。两种蕨类植物同时出现在三个地点。这两种蕨类植物在树冠覆盖率和对火灾频率的反应方面表现出明显不同的趋势，它们的生长密度和生物量也不同。这些结果表明，这两种蕨类植物通过占据不同的生态位而稳定共存。
{"title":"Coexistence of Two Species of Bracken (Pteridium) in a Narrow Zone of Range Overlap","authors":"Jeffrey Derek Dosdall, Aaron S. David","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Two closely related bracken (Pteridium) species, P. caudatum and P. aquilinum ssp. pseudocaudatum, have mostly separate ranges that overlap in Peninsular Florida. Congeneric species that occupy similar niches in distinct geographic ranges but whose native ranges narrowly overlap present an eco-evolutionary conundrum: How can species evolved to occupy similar niches in distinct ranges coexist? Research suggests that for a stable coexistence the species should differ at least subtly in their ecological niches, otherwise their coexistence would be unstable. We investigated whether these bracken species share a habitat and co-occur locally, and whether their coexistence is predicted to be stable. We surveyed bracken populations from seven sites at Archbold Biological Station (Venus, Florida, USA) and characterized their biotic and abiotic microhabitat. Both bracken species co-occur at three sites. The two species showed significantly different trends in canopy cover and in response to fire frequency, and they grew at different densities and biomass. These results suggest these two bracken species coexist stably by occupying distinct ecological niches.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"13 4","pages":"237 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.217
A. Bowe, Michael Serviss, B. Blossey, A. Dávalos
Abstract. Conservation of rare ferns requires identification and management of drivers of species declines. Here we focus on potential threats of invasive earthworms introduced from Europe and Asia on the threatened American hart's-tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum). Earthworms are ecosystem engineers that alter physical and chemical soil properties and can trigger cascading effects on plant and soil communities. Using a paired field sampling and mesocosm study approach, we sought to assess the potential impact of earthworms to A. scolopendrium. We sampled earthworms at eight A. scolopendrium populations in New York State and documented widespread occurrence of a diversity of invasive earthworms in seven fern populations. Fern populations exist mid-slope and earthworm biomass was higher upslope than within or downslope of fern populations. In a two-year mesocosm experiment we evaluated impacts of two epi-endogeic earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus and Metaphire hilgendorfi) on A. scolopendrium gametophytes and young sporophytes by adding earthworm treatments to potted plants and following growth and survival of fern transplants. While L. rubellus reduced gametophyte survival and number of leaves produced by transplanted ferns, we found no effect of M. hilgendorfi on survival, number of leaves or leaf size. Our findings indicate negative, but limited, impacts of one invasive earthworm species on fern early life stages. Our results suggest that impacts on existing fern populations could be low, as few earthworms were detected within fern populations. Continued assessment of earthworm invasions and other associated stressors is necessary to inform future management and conservation efforts to facilitate A. scolopendrium recovery.
摘要保护珍稀蕨类植物需要识别和管理物种减少的驱动因素。在此，我们重点关注从欧洲和亚洲引入的入侵蚯蚓对濒危的美洲帽舌蕨（Asplenium scolopendrium var.）蚯蚓是生态系统的工程师，能改变土壤的物理和化学性质，并对植物和土壤群落产生连带影响。我们采用野外采样和中型宇宙研究配对的方法，试图评估蚯蚓对 A. scolopendrium 的潜在影响。我们在纽约州的 8 个 A. scolopendrium 种群中采集了蚯蚓样本，并记录了 7 个蕨类植物种群中广泛存在的多种入侵蚯蚓。蕨类植物群存在于山坡中段，蚯蚓的生物量在山坡上高于蕨类植物群内部或山坡下。在一项为期两年的中观实验中，我们通过在盆栽植物中加入蚯蚓处理，并跟踪蕨类植物移植的生长和存活情况，评估了两种外生内生蚯蚓（Lumbricus rubellus 和 Metaphire hilgendorfi）对 A. scolopendrium 配子体和幼孢子体的影响。L. rubellus 会降低配子体的存活率和移植蕨类植物的叶片数量，而我们发现 M. hilgendorfi 对存活率、叶片数量或叶片大小没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，一种入侵蚯蚓会对蕨类植物的早期生命阶段产生负面影响，但影响有限。我们的结果表明，对现有蕨类植物种群的影响可能很小，因为在蕨类植物种群中检测到的蚯蚓很少。有必要继续评估蚯蚓入侵和其他相关压力因素，为未来的管理和保护工作提供信息，以促进蕨类植物的恢复。
{"title":"Impacts of Invasive Earthworms on Early Life Stages of the Threatened American Hart's-Tongue Fern","authors":"A. Bowe, Michael Serviss, B. Blossey, A. Dávalos","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Conservation of rare ferns requires identification and management of drivers of species declines. Here we focus on potential threats of invasive earthworms introduced from Europe and Asia on the threatened American hart's-tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum). Earthworms are ecosystem engineers that alter physical and chemical soil properties and can trigger cascading effects on plant and soil communities. Using a paired field sampling and mesocosm study approach, we sought to assess the potential impact of earthworms to A. scolopendrium. We sampled earthworms at eight A. scolopendrium populations in New York State and documented widespread occurrence of a diversity of invasive earthworms in seven fern populations. Fern populations exist mid-slope and earthworm biomass was higher upslope than within or downslope of fern populations. In a two-year mesocosm experiment we evaluated impacts of two epi-endogeic earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus and Metaphire hilgendorfi) on A. scolopendrium gametophytes and young sporophytes by adding earthworm treatments to potted plants and following growth and survival of fern transplants. While L. rubellus reduced gametophyte survival and number of leaves produced by transplanted ferns, we found no effect of M. hilgendorfi on survival, number of leaves or leaf size. Our findings indicate negative, but limited, impacts of one invasive earthworm species on fern early life stages. Our results suggest that impacts on existing fern populations could be low, as few earthworms were detected within fern populations. Continued assessment of earthworm invasions and other associated stressors is necessary to inform future management and conservation efforts to facilitate A. scolopendrium recovery.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"2 25","pages":"217 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.257
Jessie A. Pelosi, Bethany A Zumwalde, Elissa S. Sorojsrisom, Emily B. Sessa
{"title":"A Genome Size for the Appalachian Gametophyte","authors":"Jessie A. Pelosi, Bethany A Zumwalde, Elissa S. Sorojsrisom, Emily B. Sessa","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"2 10","pages":"257 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.249
Jefferson Prado, R. Y. Hirai, Michael A. Sundue, W. Testo
Abstract. This paper resurrects Adiantum weatherbyanum, an overlooked species that occurs in northern Chile, and describes and illustrates a new species, A. rodriguezii, from central Chile. Both taxa belong to the Adiantum poiretii group and were overlooked by the previous authors who worked on the Flora of Chile. Adiantum weatherbyanum is easily recognized by the combination of having of simple and branched, whitish, eglandular hairs on the laminar tissue and veins of the pinnules abaxially, and short ciliate rhizome scales. Adiantum rodriguezii is distinct by its pubescent pinnules on both surfaces; the hairs are simple, articulate, 0.5–1.2 mm long, light brown, with eglandular apices, and restricted to the pinnule veins. Relevant taxa are provided with descriptions, comments, and illustrations of the diagnostic characters.
{"title":"Adiantum weatherbyanum Espinosa, an Overlooked Species from Northern Chile and A. rodriguezii, a New Species from Central Chile","authors":"Jefferson Prado, R. Y. Hirai, Michael A. Sundue, W. Testo","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.249","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper resurrects Adiantum weatherbyanum, an overlooked species that occurs in northern Chile, and describes and illustrates a new species, A. rodriguezii, from central Chile. Both taxa belong to the Adiantum poiretii group and were overlooked by the previous authors who worked on the Flora of Chile. Adiantum weatherbyanum is easily recognized by the combination of having of simple and branched, whitish, eglandular hairs on the laminar tissue and veins of the pinnules abaxially, and short ciliate rhizome scales. Adiantum rodriguezii is distinct by its pubescent pinnules on both surfaces; the hairs are simple, articulate, 0.5–1.2 mm long, light brown, with eglandular apices, and restricted to the pinnule veins. Relevant taxa are provided with descriptions, comments, and illustrations of the diagnostic characters.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"249 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.263
{"title":"Edible Ferns of the World, ethnobotany, foraging and cooking","authors":"","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"8 2","pages":"263 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrícia Pita Ferreira, Diogo Godinho Simões, Constança Pinto de Carvalho, Francisco Duarte, Eugénia Fernandes, Pedro Casaca Carvalho, José Francisco Loff, Ana Paula Soares, Maria João Albuquerque, Pedro Pinto-Leite, André Peralta-Santos
<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2021, the European Union reported >270,000 excess deaths, including >16,000 in Portugal. The Portuguese Directorate-General of Health developed a deep neural network, AUTOCOD, which determines the primary causes of death by analyzing the free text of physicians' death certificates (DCs). Although AUTOCOD's performance has been established, it remains unclear whether its performance remains consistent over time, particularly during periods of excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the sensitivity and other performance metrics of AUTOCOD in classifying underlying causes of death compared with manual coding to identify specific causes of death during periods of excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included all DCs between 2016 and 2019. AUTOCOD's performance was evaluated by calculating various performance metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and F<sub>1</sub>-score, using a confusion matrix. This compared International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), classifications of DCs by AUTOCOD with those by human coders at the Directorate-General of Health (gold standard). Subsequently, we compared periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. We defined excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score above the 95% baseline limit, severe excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >4 SDs, and extreme excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >6 SDs. Finally, we repeated the analyses for the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters focusing on block-level classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed a large data set comprising 330,098 DCs classified by both human coders and AUTOCOD. AUTOCOD demonstrated high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 10 ICD-10 chapters examined, with values surpassing 0.90 for the more prevalent chapters (chapter II-"Neoplasms," chapter IX-"Diseases of the circulatory system," and chapter X-"Diseases of the respiratory system"), accounting for 67.69% (223,459/330,098) of all human-coded causes of death. No substantial differences were observed in these high-sensitivity values when comparing periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. The same holds for specificity, which exceeded 0.96 for all chapters examined, and for PPV, which surpassed 0.75 in 9 chapters, including the more prevalent ones. When considering block classification within the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters, AUTOCOD maintained a high performance, demonstrating high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 13 ICD-10 blocks, high PPV for 9 blocks, and specificity of >0.98 in all blocks, with no significant differences between periods without excess mortality and those with excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that, during periods of excess and ex
{"title":"Real-Time Classification of Causes of Death Using AI: Sensitivity Analysis.","authors":"Patrícia Pita Ferreira, Diogo Godinho Simões, Constança Pinto de Carvalho, Francisco Duarte, Eugénia Fernandes, Pedro Casaca Carvalho, José Francisco Loff, Ana Paula Soares, Maria João Albuquerque, Pedro Pinto-Leite, André Peralta-Santos","doi":"10.2196/40965","DOIUrl":"10.2196/40965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2021, the European Union reported >270,000 excess deaths, including >16,000 in Portugal. The Portuguese Directorate-General of Health developed a deep neural network, AUTOCOD, which determines the primary causes of death by analyzing the free text of physicians' death certificates (DCs). Although AUTOCOD's performance has been established, it remains unclear whether its performance remains consistent over time, particularly during periods of excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the sensitivity and other performance metrics of AUTOCOD in classifying underlying causes of death compared with manual coding to identify specific causes of death during periods of excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included all DCs between 2016 and 2019. AUTOCOD's performance was evaluated by calculating various performance metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and F<sub>1</sub>-score, using a confusion matrix. This compared International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), classifications of DCs by AUTOCOD with those by human coders at the Directorate-General of Health (gold standard). Subsequently, we compared periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. We defined excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score above the 95% baseline limit, severe excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >4 SDs, and extreme excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >6 SDs. Finally, we repeated the analyses for the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters focusing on block-level classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed a large data set comprising 330,098 DCs classified by both human coders and AUTOCOD. AUTOCOD demonstrated high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 10 ICD-10 chapters examined, with values surpassing 0.90 for the more prevalent chapters (chapter II-\"Neoplasms,\" chapter IX-\"Diseases of the circulatory system,\" and chapter X-\"Diseases of the respiratory system\"), accounting for 67.69% (223,459/330,098) of all human-coded causes of death. No substantial differences were observed in these high-sensitivity values when comparing periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. The same holds for specificity, which exceeded 0.96 for all chapters examined, and for PPV, which surpassed 0.75 in 9 chapters, including the more prevalent ones. When considering block classification within the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters, AUTOCOD maintained a high performance, demonstrating high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 13 ICD-10 blocks, high PPV for 9 blocks, and specificity of >0.98 in all blocks, with no significant differences between periods without excess mortality and those with excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that, during periods of excess and ex","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"e40965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90265664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.3.137
Janis Antonovics
The evolutionary causes of contrasting patterns of pathogen diversity in different host clades are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that older host lineages have fewer pathogens than younger lineages by examining the incidence of fungal pathogens in fern families differing in their time of origin over a span of 300 million years. Fern-fungal records were obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture database, and study effort was estimated by the number of citations to each fern species in the Web of Science. Pathogen discovery rate (PDR) within a fern family was measured as the rate at which pathogens were recorded in relation to the number of citations to species within that family. PDR for fungi in the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota showed significant differences among fern families and significant phylogenetic signal in the Basidiomycota. PDR for Basidiomycota was significantly negatively correlated with clade age of the fern family. Generic and species diversity within families affected PDR positively, although the effects of clade age were still significant. Within the Basidiomycota the effects of clade age were largely accounted for by the rust fungi (Pucciniales) which formed the majority of recorded basidiomycete pathogens on ferns. The most parsimonious explanation was that the rust fungi host-shifted onto fern families in the early to mid-Cretaceous, but have rarely moved onto more distantly related and older families. However, several other hypotheses could not be excluded, including loss of specialized pathogens in older clades as a result of resistance evolution.
{"title":"Fern Family Clade Age and Fungal Pathogen Diversity","authors":"Janis Antonovics","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.3.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.3.137","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary causes of contrasting patterns of pathogen diversity in different host clades are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that older host lineages have fewer pathogens than younger lineages by examining the incidence of fungal pathogens in fern families differing in their time of origin over a span of 300 million years. Fern-fungal records were obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture database, and study effort was estimated by the number of citations to each fern species in the Web of Science. Pathogen discovery rate (PDR) within a fern family was measured as the rate at which pathogens were recorded in relation to the number of citations to species within that family. PDR for fungi in the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota showed significant differences among fern families and significant phylogenetic signal in the Basidiomycota. PDR for Basidiomycota was significantly negatively correlated with clade age of the fern family. Generic and species diversity within families affected PDR positively, although the effects of clade age were still significant. Within the Basidiomycota the effects of clade age were largely accounted for by the rust fungi (Pucciniales) which formed the majority of recorded basidiomycete pathogens on ferns. The most parsimonious explanation was that the rust fungi host-shifted onto fern families in the early to mid-Cretaceous, but have rarely moved onto more distantly related and older families. However, several other hypotheses could not be excluded, including loss of specialized pathogens in older clades as a result of resistance evolution.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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