Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.140
O. R. Oger, A. N. Biology, Paleo Environment
Abstract. Cystopteris fragilis is widely distributed globally, particularly in the northern hemisphere and in temperate montane regions of the southern hemisphere. Nonetheless, there is limited published evidence of its physiological ecology. This is a report of the physiological ecology of C. fragilis growing in the crevices of a stone wall in Palisades, N. Y. during the summer of 2022 when the northeastern U. S. A. experienced an extended period of excessive heat and drought. Highest laboratory measurements of maximum rehydrated photosynthesis rate (Ac) occurred in June (1.83 µmol CO2 m–2 s–1) prior to the onset of the more severe heat and drought in July and August when the photosynthesis rates declined (1.47 and 1.58, respectively). The lowest rate was found in September (1.41) prior to onset of leaf senescence and dehiscence. Dark respiration (Rd) followed a comparable trend with the highest rate in June (0.82 µmol CO2 m–2 s–1), with lower rates in July, August, and September (0.40, 0.43, and 0.55, respectively). Additional evidence is presented on leaf fluorescence including chlorophyll concentration index (C.C.I.) as well as PS II data on quantum yield efficiency (Fv/Fm) and electron transfer per reaction center (ET0/RC) during each of the five months. This study provides the first evidence that C. fragilis can be a desiccation-tolerant, ‘resurrection fern’ capable of dormancy enduring extreme dehydration and resumption of normal physiological activity within 24 to 48 hours after heavy precipitation events.
{"title":"An Ecophysiological Study of Cystopteris fragilis with Evidence of Desiccation Tolerance","authors":"O. R. Oger, A. N. Biology, Paleo Environment","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Cystopteris fragilis is widely distributed globally, particularly in the northern hemisphere and in temperate montane regions of the southern hemisphere. Nonetheless, there is limited published evidence of its physiological ecology. This is a report of the physiological ecology of C. fragilis growing in the crevices of a stone wall in Palisades, N. Y. during the summer of 2022 when the northeastern U. S. A. experienced an extended period of excessive heat and drought. Highest laboratory measurements of maximum rehydrated photosynthesis rate (Ac) occurred in June (1.83 µmol CO2 m–2 s–1) prior to the onset of the more severe heat and drought in July and August when the photosynthesis rates declined (1.47 and 1.58, respectively). The lowest rate was found in September (1.41) prior to onset of leaf senescence and dehiscence. Dark respiration (Rd) followed a comparable trend with the highest rate in June (0.82 µmol CO2 m–2 s–1), with lower rates in July, August, and September (0.40, 0.43, and 0.55, respectively). Additional evidence is presented on leaf fluorescence including chlorophyll concentration index (C.C.I.) as well as PS II data on quantum yield efficiency (Fv/Fm) and electron transfer per reaction center (ET0/RC) during each of the five months. This study provides the first evidence that C. fragilis can be a desiccation-tolerant, ‘resurrection fern’ capable of dormancy enduring extreme dehydration and resumption of normal physiological activity within 24 to 48 hours after heavy precipitation events.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.111
Daniel F. Brunton, P. Sokoloff
Abstract. The distinguishing features of a previously unknown amphibious Isoetes discovered in coastal British Columbia, Canada are described. Although occurring in an ephemeral, vernal, seaside rock pool habitat thought to be indicative of I. nuttallii, field observations and morphological investigations determined these plants to be a distinctive taxon possessing small and boldly ornamented megaspores, relatively large microspores, and a regionally unique short velum coverage of the sporangia. It is reminiscent, particularly in spore ornamentation, of the aquatic, mid-season I. maritima and is known from one site (possibly two) where no living plants are presently evident. A unique combination of uncommon morphological features, restricted geographic range, rare habitat, and early growth season distinguishes these plants as distinct from all known Isoetes taxa. Isoetes salishensis, sp. nov. is proposed as an addition to the growing list of flora and fauna endemic to or centered on the Salish Sea area of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State.
摘要。本文描述了在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚沿海发现的一种以前未知的两栖等位基因植物的显著特征。虽然这些植物出现在一个短暂的、春生的海边岩石池栖息地，被认为是 I. nuttallii 的标志，但实地观察和形态学调查确定，这些植物是一个独特的分类群，拥有小而装饰大胆的巨型孢子、相对较大的小孢子以及该地区独特的短绒毛覆盖孢子囊。特别是在孢子装饰方面，它让人联想到水生的、季节中期的 I. maritima，目前已知的一个地点（可能是两个地点）没有发现活体植物。不常见的形态特征、有限的地理范围、稀有的栖息地和较早的生长季节，这些独特的组合将这些植物与所有已知的 Isoetes 类群区分开来。Isoetes salishensis，sp. nov.被认为是不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部和华盛顿州西北部咸海地区特有的或以该地区为中心的动植物群中的新成员。
{"title":"Isoetes salishensis, sp. nov. (Isoetaceae - Lycopodiopsida), An Endemic Quillwort of Coastal British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Daniel F. Brunton, P. Sokoloff","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The distinguishing features of a previously unknown amphibious Isoetes discovered in coastal British Columbia, Canada are described. Although occurring in an ephemeral, vernal, seaside rock pool habitat thought to be indicative of I. nuttallii, field observations and morphological investigations determined these plants to be a distinctive taxon possessing small and boldly ornamented megaspores, relatively large microspores, and a regionally unique short velum coverage of the sporangia. It is reminiscent, particularly in spore ornamentation, of the aquatic, mid-season I. maritima and is known from one site (possibly two) where no living plants are presently evident. A unique combination of uncommon morphological features, restricted geographic range, rare habitat, and early growth season distinguishes these plants as distinct from all known Isoetes taxa. Isoetes salishensis, sp. nov. is proposed as an addition to the growing list of flora and fauna endemic to or centered on the Salish Sea area of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.159
Maris Rattur, Ruth Aguraiuja, Tiiu Kull, Mari Sild
Abstract. The population dynamics of rock fern Asplenium septentrionale in Estonia was monitored from 1994 to 2020; the data were analysed to understand how the rhythm of local weather variables affects the population condition and renewal. Both fern clump size and life stage (sporeling, premature, mature, senescent) structure of the population were studied. Our results indicate that the population has been stable, with a high proportion of reproductive adults. Precipitation distribution through all seasons of the year had a major impact on population recruitment. June was the key period of the year determining the survival of young sporelings. Higher rainfall in the previous year supported higher numbers of premature clumps in the following year. The number of mature fern clumps was most influenced by weather conditions during winter months and precipitation at the end of summer. The long-term survival of mature clumps might be threatened if periods without rainfall extend into the growing season and occur during consecutive years. Monitoring methods of nationally protected fern species should be improved by including individual-based observations on life stage transitions of young sporophytes (sporeling to premature, premature to mature) for predicting future trends in population conditions.
{"title":"Effects of Local Weather Conditions on the Population Dynamics of the Rock Fern Asplenium septentrionale in Estonia","authors":"Maris Rattur, Ruth Aguraiuja, Tiiu Kull, Mari Sild","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The population dynamics of rock fern Asplenium septentrionale in Estonia was monitored from 1994 to 2020; the data were analysed to understand how the rhythm of local weather variables affects the population condition and renewal. Both fern clump size and life stage (sporeling, premature, mature, senescent) structure of the population were studied. Our results indicate that the population has been stable, with a high proportion of reproductive adults. Precipitation distribution through all seasons of the year had a major impact on population recruitment. June was the key period of the year determining the survival of young sporelings. Higher rainfall in the previous year supported higher numbers of premature clumps in the following year. The number of mature fern clumps was most influenced by weather conditions during winter months and precipitation at the end of summer. The long-term survival of mature clumps might be threatened if periods without rainfall extend into the growing season and occur during consecutive years. Monitoring methods of nationally protected fern species should be improved by including individual-based observations on life stage transitions of young sporophytes (sporeling to premature, premature to mature) for predicting future trends in population conditions.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.148
R. Y. Hirai, Jefferson Prado
Abstract. Adiantum forzzanum and A. matogrossense (Pteridaceae) are described as new from west-central Brazil. Adiantum forzzanum resembles A. lorentzii, and A. matogrossense resembles A. ruizianum and they were previously identified as such. Both species, however, can be distinguished by their yellow-farinose indusia and the presence of glands that produce farina (whitish or cream-colored, or yellowish) on the lamina abaxially. These two new species are described, illustrated, and discussed, and a key to distinguishing all other closely related species of the A. raddianum group in the Neotropics is also presented. This contribution adds two more endemic species of Adiantum to the flora of Brazil and is part of our ongoing effort to improve the circumscription of the A. raddianum group.
摘要。Adiantum forzzanum and A. matogrossense (Pteridaceae) 被描述为巴西中西部的新植物。Adiantum forzzanum与A. lorentzii相似，而A. matogrossense与A.不过，这两个种都可以通过它们的黄色粉末状吲哚以及背面薄片上产生粉末（带白色或奶油色，或淡黄色）的腺体来区分。本文对这两个新种进行了描述、图解和讨论，还提供了一把钥匙，用于区分新热带地区 A. raddianum 类中所有其他近缘种。这一贡献为巴西植物区系增添了两个 Adiantum 特有种，也是我们不断完善 A. raddianum 群的圈定工作的一部分。
{"title":"Two New Species of Adiantum from West-Central Brazil","authors":"R. Y. Hirai, Jefferson Prado","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Adiantum forzzanum and A. matogrossense (Pteridaceae) are described as new from west-central Brazil. Adiantum forzzanum resembles A. lorentzii, and A. matogrossense resembles A. ruizianum and they were previously identified as such. Both species, however, can be distinguished by their yellow-farinose indusia and the presence of glands that produce farina (whitish or cream-colored, or yellowish) on the lamina abaxially. These two new species are described, illustrated, and discussed, and a key to distinguishing all other closely related species of the A. raddianum group in the Neotropics is also presented. This contribution adds two more endemic species of Adiantum to the flora of Brazil and is part of our ongoing effort to improve the circumscription of the A. raddianum group.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.172
{"title":"Ferns and Lycophytes of Minnesota","authors":"","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.127
Pradeep Kumar Shukla, Sarvesh Kumar Singh, Daniel F. Brunton, Santosh Kumar Shukla, Anant Prakash Patil, Nawal Kishor Dubey
Abstract. The authors discovered a previously unknown population of Isoetes at Badami in Bagalkot district of Karnataka state, India in October 2022 which is determined to be I. bilaspurensis. This represents a new record for the Deccan plateau of Southern India and a significant disjunction from its previously known distribution in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, Central India. In light of this additional information a revised, detailed description of I. bilaspurensis is presented. Morphological comparisons with closely related taxa, its conservation status, and the phytogeographic implications of its distribution are also provided.
{"title":"Isoetes bilaspurensis (Isoetaceae – Lycopodiopsida), New to Southern India: An Extended Distribution and Redescription","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Shukla, Sarvesh Kumar Singh, Daniel F. Brunton, Santosh Kumar Shukla, Anant Prakash Patil, Nawal Kishor Dubey","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The authors discovered a previously unknown population of Isoetes at Badami in Bagalkot district of Karnataka state, India in October 2022 which is determined to be I. bilaspurensis. This represents a new record for the Deccan plateau of Southern India and a significant disjunction from its previously known distribution in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, Central India. In light of this additional information a revised, detailed description of I. bilaspurensis is presented. Morphological comparisons with closely related taxa, its conservation status, and the phytogeographic implications of its distribution are also provided.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.32
Ben S. Legler, Steve J. Popovich
{"title":"Botrychium farrarii (Ophioglossaceae), a New Diploid Moonwort Species from the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, U.S.A.","authors":"Ben S. Legler, Steve J. Popovich","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.66
Steve J. Popovich, Cindy L. Johnson, Denise E. Larson
{"title":"Methods and Lessons Learned from Translocations of Botrychium (Ophioglossaceae) as a Conservation Solution for Populations Impacted by Disturbance Activities in Colorado and Minnesota, U.S.A.","authors":"Steve J. Popovich, Cindy L. Johnson, Denise E. Larson","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.94
Donald R. Farrar
{"title":"Why Botrychium? A Case Study of Moonwort Madness","authors":"Donald R. Farrar","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-114.1.94","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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