Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.71
M. Boudrie, G. Cremers, J. Prado
Abstract. In this paper, we present the lectotypification of 57 names of ferns and lycophytes for a total of 60 taxa studied. These names belong to species that occur mainly in the Guianas and other localities in the Neotropical region. Most of these names (46) are synonyms and others (14) are names in use. Among these 57 lectotypifications, 45 are here designated, 10 of them were already made by previous authors, but were overlooked by subsequent authors or for which we give additional information, and two others are second-step lectotypifications (Adiantum tomentosum and Pteris biformis). Two holotypes have been confirmed, and for one name (Adiantum petiolatum), typification was not possible to make because we did not find the original material. For all cited types, we provide information about the presence of barcode or accession numbers. This information allows easy localization of the type specimens and their image through the Word Wide Web.
{"title":"Lectotypifications of Neotropical Ferns and Lycophytes Present in the Guianas","authors":"M. Boudrie, G. Cremers, J. Prado","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this paper, we present the lectotypification of 57 names of ferns and lycophytes for a total of 60 taxa studied. These names belong to species that occur mainly in the Guianas and other localities in the Neotropical region. Most of these names (46) are synonyms and others (14) are names in use. Among these 57 lectotypifications, 45 are here designated, 10 of them were already made by previous authors, but were overlooked by subsequent authors or for which we give additional information, and two others are second-step lectotypifications (Adiantum tomentosum and Pteris biformis). Two holotypes have been confirmed, and for one name (Adiantum petiolatum), typification was not possible to make because we did not find the original material. For all cited types, we provide information about the presence of barcode or accession numbers. This information allows easy localization of the type specimens and their image through the Word Wide Web.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.61
O. R. Oger, A. N. Biology, Paleo Environment
Abstract. Salvinia minima is a relatively small, floating aquatic leptosporangiate fern in the family Salviniaceae. It is widely distributed in the horticultural trade as an ornamental plant for aquaria and aquatic gardens. Consequently, it has escaped into the natural environment where it produces large, dense mats of branching ramets that are often deleterious to other aquatic biota, particularly in tropical and mild temperate regions. This is a report of a laboratory experimental study of the growth, photosynthesis and dark respiration of S. minima, particularly addressing the variables in a way that is potentially relevant for environmental and ecological research applications. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates are inversely related to the leaf area of the ramets, and approximates a second-order polynomial function defined by non-linear regression analysis (p < 0.01); namely, A = 6.3761 - 0.3381 * L + 0.005 * L2, where A is CO2 assimilation rate (µmol m–2 s–1) and L is leaf area of the ramets (cm2). Data are also presented on the quantum yield efficiency (Fv/Fm) and electron transfer (ET0/RC) for ramet leaves of different sizes, indicating that low quantum yield efficiency most likely accounts for lower CO2 assimilation rates in more mature ramets with larger leaves. The dark respiration is approximately equivalent to 30% of the net photosynthesis CO2 assimilation rate. The relative growth rate (RGR) is 0.03 accounting for about a 4% gain in weight per day relative to the initial weight of the S. minima ramets.
{"title":"Growth, Photosynthesis, and Respiration of the Aquatic Floating Fern Salvinia minima","authors":"O. R. Oger, A. N. Biology, Paleo Environment","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Salvinia minima is a relatively small, floating aquatic leptosporangiate fern in the family Salviniaceae. It is widely distributed in the horticultural trade as an ornamental plant for aquaria and aquatic gardens. Consequently, it has escaped into the natural environment where it produces large, dense mats of branching ramets that are often deleterious to other aquatic biota, particularly in tropical and mild temperate regions. This is a report of a laboratory experimental study of the growth, photosynthesis and dark respiration of S. minima, particularly addressing the variables in a way that is potentially relevant for environmental and ecological research applications. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates are inversely related to the leaf area of the ramets, and approximates a second-order polynomial function defined by non-linear regression analysis (p < 0.01); namely, A = 6.3761 - 0.3381 * L + 0.005 * L2, where A is CO2 assimilation rate (µmol m–2 s–1) and L is leaf area of the ramets (cm2). Data are also presented on the quantum yield efficiency (Fv/Fm) and electron transfer (ET0/RC) for ramet leaves of different sizes, indicating that low quantum yield efficiency most likely accounts for lower CO2 assimilation rates in more mature ramets with larger leaves. The dark respiration is approximately equivalent to 30% of the net photosynthesis CO2 assimilation rate. The relative growth rate (RGR) is 0.03 accounting for about a 4% gain in weight per day relative to the initial weight of the S. minima ramets.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.126
A. Martínez-Becerril, Alejandra Vasco
Abstract. We describe Elaphoglossum auralolitae, a new species from southwestern Guatemala. The new species belongs to the Elaphoglossum petiolatum complex, in Elaphoglossum section Lepidoglossa, one of the largest sections within the genus. Elaphoglossum auralolitae is characterized by petioles and laminae densely scaly, with large scales including those of costae and margins; the presence of resinous dots on the petioles (mostly obscured by the scales) and on the abaxial laminar surface; and spores with spiny perispores. Only a dozen collections are known of this species so far, all of them from the Sierra Madre mountains in southwestern Guatemala. The first collection of this species was made in 1938 and the most recent was in 1992. We provide a description, taxonomic comments, geographic distribution, phenology, and illustrations for this new species. Resumen. Describimos Elaphoglossum auralolitae, una especie nueva del suroeste de Guatemala. Esta especie forma parte del complejo de Elaphoglossum petiolatum, el cual hace parte de Elaphoglossum sección Lepidoglossa, una de las secciones más grandes dentro del género. Elaphoglossum auralolitae se caracteriza por pecíolos y láminas densamente escamosos, con escamas grandes, incluyendo las de la costa y las márgenes; presencia de puntos resinosos en los pecíolos (generalmente cubiertos por las escamas) y en la superficie laminar abaxial, y esporas con perisporas espinosas. Hasta el momento se conocen únicamente una docena de colecciones de esta especie, todas provenientes de la Sierra Madre en Guatemala. La primera colecta se realizó en 1938 y la más reciente en 1992. Este trabajo incluye la descripción e ilustración de esta nueva especie, imágenes de sus esporas, comentarios taxonómicos, distribución geográfica y fenología.
{"title":"Elaphoglossum auralolitae, a New Species of Elaphoglossum Sect. Lepidoglossa (Dryopteridaceae) from Guatemala","authors":"A. Martínez-Becerril, Alejandra Vasco","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.2.126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We describe Elaphoglossum auralolitae, a new species from southwestern Guatemala. The new species belongs to the Elaphoglossum petiolatum complex, in Elaphoglossum section Lepidoglossa, one of the largest sections within the genus. Elaphoglossum auralolitae is characterized by petioles and laminae densely scaly, with large scales including those of costae and margins; the presence of resinous dots on the petioles (mostly obscured by the scales) and on the abaxial laminar surface; and spores with spiny perispores. Only a dozen collections are known of this species so far, all of them from the Sierra Madre mountains in southwestern Guatemala. The first collection of this species was made in 1938 and the most recent was in 1992. We provide a description, taxonomic comments, geographic distribution, phenology, and illustrations for this new species. Resumen. Describimos Elaphoglossum auralolitae, una especie nueva del suroeste de Guatemala. Esta especie forma parte del complejo de Elaphoglossum petiolatum, el cual hace parte de Elaphoglossum sección Lepidoglossa, una de las secciones más grandes dentro del género. Elaphoglossum auralolitae se caracteriza por pecíolos y láminas densamente escamosos, con escamas grandes, incluyendo las de la costa y las márgenes; presencia de puntos resinosos en los pecíolos (generalmente cubiertos por las escamas) y en la superficie laminar abaxial, y esporas con perisporas espinosas. Hasta el momento se conocen únicamente una docena de colecciones de esta especie, todas provenientes de la Sierra Madre en Guatemala. La primera colecta se realizó en 1938 y la más reciente en 1992. Este trabajo incluye la descripción e ilustración de esta nueva especie, imágenes de sus esporas, comentarios taxonómicos, distribución geográfica y fenología.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45941085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.59
P. B. Khare
{"title":"PROFESSOR S. K. ROY","authors":"P. B. Khare","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48135441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.43
Jessie A. Pelosi, Bethany A Zumwalde, Ondřej Hornych, K. Wheatley, Emily H. Kim, Emily B. Sessa
Abstract. Invasive species are one of the largest threats to vulnerable ecological communities and biodiversity today and are economic burdens across the globe. It is therefore crucial that we understand the origins and the driving forces that promote the establishment, persistence, and spread of these taxa. Polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, has been suggested as a possible factor facilitating the success of invasive taxa, yet is an understudied aspect in invasion biology. Although ferns are often neglected in invasive species inventories, several fern families are overrepresented as naturalized and invasive taxa including the vining ferns in the family Lygodiaceae. The Japanese climbing fern, Lygodium japonicum, is native to eastern Asia, and since its introduction in the early 1900s through the ornamental plant trade, it has rapidly spread throughout the southeastern United States, creating dense thickets that smother native plants and disrupt agricultural pine logging. While previous chromosome counts of L. japonicum suggest that both diploid and tetraploid cytotypes occur in its native range, there are no data for populations in the invaded range to date. Using chromosome counts, flow cytometry, and spore size measurements, we assessed the ploidy of invasive populations of L. japonicum in the state of Florida. We found that L. japonicum is represented by a tetraploid cytotype throughout Florida. Our study is the first to examine the ploidy of invasive L. japonicum populations, although additional work will be needed to determine if this species is tetraploid throughout its invaded range.
{"title":"Lygodium japonicum (Lygodiaceae) Is Represented by a Tetraploid Cytotype in Florida","authors":"Jessie A. Pelosi, Bethany A Zumwalde, Ondřej Hornych, K. Wheatley, Emily H. Kim, Emily B. Sessa","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Invasive species are one of the largest threats to vulnerable ecological communities and biodiversity today and are economic burdens across the globe. It is therefore crucial that we understand the origins and the driving forces that promote the establishment, persistence, and spread of these taxa. Polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, has been suggested as a possible factor facilitating the success of invasive taxa, yet is an understudied aspect in invasion biology. Although ferns are often neglected in invasive species inventories, several fern families are overrepresented as naturalized and invasive taxa including the vining ferns in the family Lygodiaceae. The Japanese climbing fern, Lygodium japonicum, is native to eastern Asia, and since its introduction in the early 1900s through the ornamental plant trade, it has rapidly spread throughout the southeastern United States, creating dense thickets that smother native plants and disrupt agricultural pine logging. While previous chromosome counts of L. japonicum suggest that both diploid and tetraploid cytotypes occur in its native range, there are no data for populations in the invaded range to date. Using chromosome counts, flow cytometry, and spore size measurements, we assessed the ploidy of invasive populations of L. japonicum in the state of Florida. We found that L. japonicum is represented by a tetraploid cytotype throughout Florida. Our study is the first to examine the ploidy of invasive L. japonicum populations, although additional work will be needed to determine if this species is tetraploid throughout its invaded range.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49038512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.28
K. Murakami, Momoka Sugawara, Daigo Nagamine, Pingxing Zhang, W. Fukui
Abstract. This study aimed to demonstrate that stone walls are habitats for rare ferns and lycophytes in Japan. A survey on 47 Red Data Books (RDBs) published in each prefecture in Japan, revealed the descriptions of 47 fern and lycophyte species (equivalent to 6.5% of all native species of ferns and lycophytes in Japan) designated as near threatened or above in the RDBs and growing on stone walls in Japan. Eleven of these species were listed in the prefectural RDBs as well as in the national RDB of Japan. Overall, 40 species (85.1%) had a preferred original habitat of cliffs or rocky outcrops, and 24 species (51.1%) preferred the forest floor. The high number of identified species that prefer cliffs or rocky outcrops supports the Urban Cliff Hypothesis, which states that man-made structures such as urban buildings and walls serve as alternatives to cliffs, rocky outcrops, or screes as alternative habitat. However, in previous domestic studies that documented fern and lycophyte species growing in established hardscapes in Japan, the most frequently occurring species were mostly weedy or ruderal. As there are few studies on the composition of species growing on stone walls in Japan, more studies must investigate this aspect as well as examining the variation in species composition because of the differences in species pools, climatic conditions, or geological background.
{"title":"Anthropogenic Stone Walls are an Important Habitat for Rare Ferns and Lycophytes in Japan","authors":"K. Murakami, Momoka Sugawara, Daigo Nagamine, Pingxing Zhang, W. Fukui","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study aimed to demonstrate that stone walls are habitats for rare ferns and lycophytes in Japan. A survey on 47 Red Data Books (RDBs) published in each prefecture in Japan, revealed the descriptions of 47 fern and lycophyte species (equivalent to 6.5% of all native species of ferns and lycophytes in Japan) designated as near threatened or above in the RDBs and growing on stone walls in Japan. Eleven of these species were listed in the prefectural RDBs as well as in the national RDB of Japan. Overall, 40 species (85.1%) had a preferred original habitat of cliffs or rocky outcrops, and 24 species (51.1%) preferred the forest floor. The high number of identified species that prefer cliffs or rocky outcrops supports the Urban Cliff Hypothesis, which states that man-made structures such as urban buildings and walls serve as alternatives to cliffs, rocky outcrops, or screes as alternative habitat. However, in previous domestic studies that documented fern and lycophyte species growing in established hardscapes in Japan, the most frequently occurring species were mostly weedy or ruderal. As there are few studies on the composition of species growing on stone walls in Japan, more studies must investigate this aspect as well as examining the variation in species composition because of the differences in species pools, climatic conditions, or geological background.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43206058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.56
Michael J. Song, Mia Huynh, S. Lahmeyer, M. Sedaghatpour
{"title":"First Record of the invasive Azolla pinnata subsp. pinnata (Salviniaceae) in California.","authors":"Michael J. Song, Mia Huynh, S. Lahmeyer, M. Sedaghatpour","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. To explore how Asplenium nidus responds to drought stress and to find V-PPase (AVP1) homologous genes of this species, we conducted greenhouse experiments. We measured a series of physiological and biochemical indices after drought treatment and analyzed the expression of AVP1 homologous genes in A. nidus by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that A. nidus can adapt to drought by limiting stomatal conductance, thus inhibiting plant photosynthesis and reducing physiological activities. In addition, A. nidus can also change its osmotic potential by increasing proline content to maintain normal metabolic activities, and prevent the destruction of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). According to analysis of the relative expression levels of genes, AVP1-2 and AVP1-4 may be the drought-resistant genes of A. nidus. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of the drought tolerance mechanism and drought-resistant genes of A. nidus.
{"title":"Response of Asplenium nidus to Drought Stress and Roles of AVP1 Genes","authors":"Jingwen Liang, Junliang Yang, Zihan Yev, Zeping Cai, Shitao Xu, Peng Wang, Xudong Yu","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-113.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. To explore how Asplenium nidus responds to drought stress and to find V-PPase (AVP1) homologous genes of this species, we conducted greenhouse experiments. We measured a series of physiological and biochemical indices after drought treatment and analyzed the expression of AVP1 homologous genes in A. nidus by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that A. nidus can adapt to drought by limiting stomatal conductance, thus inhibiting plant photosynthesis and reducing physiological activities. In addition, A. nidus can also change its osmotic potential by increasing proline content to maintain normal metabolic activities, and prevent the destruction of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). According to analysis of the relative expression levels of genes, AVP1-2 and AVP1-4 may be the drought-resistant genes of A. nidus. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of the drought tolerance mechanism and drought-resistant genes of A. nidus.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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