Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.190
Jovani B. S. Pereira, J. Prado
Abstract. Revealing the unrecognized diversity within cryptic species has profound implications in the taxonomy, systematics, evolutionary studies, and species protections throughout plant groups. Isoëtes is prone to a high rate of cryptic speciation because of its morphological simplicity, stasis, and convergence. Phylogenetic studies revealed cryptic species in the genus from the Brazilian semi-arid region (the Caatinga), which comprises the least studied and most endangered flora in Brazil. Here we conducted morphological analyses and chromosome counts, and took advantage of phylogenetic analyses already published for the genus to provide a taxonomic revision of Isoëtes from the Caatinga. Isoëtes anamariae and I. harleyi are two new species, which were revealed by molecular data and subtle morphological characters. This study provides descriptions, chromosome counts, illustrations of the most important morpho-taxonomic characters of species from the Caatinga, and a key to identify them. All species from this region are diploid and we show the importance of diploids in detangling the origin of polyploids in Brazil.
{"title":"Taxonomy of Cryptic Isoëtes Species from the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region, with a Note about the Putative Maternal Origin of Polyploids","authors":"Jovani B. S. Pereira, J. Prado","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Revealing the unrecognized diversity within cryptic species has profound implications in the taxonomy, systematics, evolutionary studies, and species protections throughout plant groups. Isoëtes is prone to a high rate of cryptic speciation because of its morphological simplicity, stasis, and convergence. Phylogenetic studies revealed cryptic species in the genus from the Brazilian semi-arid region (the Caatinga), which comprises the least studied and most endangered flora in Brazil. Here we conducted morphological analyses and chromosome counts, and took advantage of phylogenetic analyses already published for the genus to provide a taxonomic revision of Isoëtes from the Caatinga. Isoëtes anamariae and I. harleyi are two new species, which were revealed by molecular data and subtle morphological characters. This study provides descriptions, chromosome counts, illustrations of the most important morpho-taxonomic characters of species from the Caatinga, and a key to identify them. All species from this region are diploid and we show the importance of diploids in detangling the origin of polyploids in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.207
Hong‐Mei Liu, D. Cicuzza, B. Parris, Harald Schneider
Abstract. The forests of Borneo are famous for their plant diversity, but this diversity is seriously threatened. Despite remarkable progress, the taxonomic status and geographic distribution of many species have not been clarified. Here, we explore the use of DNA barcoding to improve not only the recording of local species diversity, but also our understanding of the fern Tree-of-Life. We focused specifically on grammitid ferns collected at Gunung Tama Abu in Sarawak. The four new samples comprised three species of which two were studied using molecular phylogenetics for the first time. These three species were found to be nested in clades corresponding to the established generic taxonomy. The two sampled accessions of Acrosorus streptophyllus formed a sister clade to A. friderici-et-pauli. By increasing the inclusion of Acrosorus species from one to two in the assembled phylogenetic hypothesis, our results provide support to the monophyly of this genus based on DNA sequence data for the first time. The newly sampled Borneo accession of Scleroglossum pyxidatum was sister to a clade comprising accessions of S. sulcatum, whereas the sample of Prosaptia alata formed a clade together with other accessions of this species. In conclusion, DNA barcoding of samples obtained during fieldwork in remote but species rich places enhance the recording of the Tree-of-Life and enable the establishment of reliable DNA barcodes for species rich lineages.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Relationships of Grammitid Fern Diversity of Gunung Tama Abu (Sarawak)","authors":"Hong‐Mei Liu, D. Cicuzza, B. Parris, Harald Schneider","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The forests of Borneo are famous for their plant diversity, but this diversity is seriously threatened. Despite remarkable progress, the taxonomic status and geographic distribution of many species have not been clarified. Here, we explore the use of DNA barcoding to improve not only the recording of local species diversity, but also our understanding of the fern Tree-of-Life. We focused specifically on grammitid ferns collected at Gunung Tama Abu in Sarawak. The four new samples comprised three species of which two were studied using molecular phylogenetics for the first time. These three species were found to be nested in clades corresponding to the established generic taxonomy. The two sampled accessions of Acrosorus streptophyllus formed a sister clade to A. friderici-et-pauli. By increasing the inclusion of Acrosorus species from one to two in the assembled phylogenetic hypothesis, our results provide support to the monophyly of this genus based on DNA sequence data for the first time. The newly sampled Borneo accession of Scleroglossum pyxidatum was sister to a clade comprising accessions of S. sulcatum, whereas the sample of Prosaptia alata formed a clade together with other accessions of this species. In conclusion, DNA barcoding of samples obtained during fieldwork in remote but species rich places enhance the recording of the Tree-of-Life and enable the establishment of reliable DNA barcodes for species rich lineages.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47390060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.143
T. Ranker, M. Balick, G. Plunkett, K. Harrison, Jean-Pascal Wahe, Martial Wahe
Abstract. We conducted extensive fieldwork in the Tafea Province of Vanuatu from 2014 to 2021 as part of a long-term floristic study of plants and fungi as well as analyses of changes in forest structure and plant diversity in response to the category 5 cyclone Pam. As part of this work, we documented the vernacular names and/or uses of 10 species of lycophytes and 88 species of ferns. Vernacular plant names were documented in the languages endemic to the islands of Aneityum, Futuna, and Tanna, including Anejom, ∼ Futuna-Aniwa, Kwamara, Nafe, Naka, Netwar, Nahuai, and Whitesands. The uses reported by indigenous, Ni-Vanuatu, experts included: body decoration, cultural/spiritual, ornamental, clothing, food/food preparation, handicrafts, medicine, and fiber/construction.
{"title":"Ethnobotany and Vernacular Names of the Lycophytes and Ferns of Tafea Province, Vanuatu","authors":"T. Ranker, M. Balick, G. Plunkett, K. Harrison, Jean-Pascal Wahe, Martial Wahe","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.143","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We conducted extensive fieldwork in the Tafea Province of Vanuatu from 2014 to 2021 as part of a long-term floristic study of plants and fungi as well as analyses of changes in forest structure and plant diversity in response to the category 5 cyclone Pam. As part of this work, we documented the vernacular names and/or uses of 10 species of lycophytes and 88 species of ferns. Vernacular plant names were documented in the languages endemic to the islands of Aneityum, Futuna, and Tanna, including Anejom, ∼ Futuna-Aniwa, Kwamara, Nafe, Naka, Netwar, Nahuai, and Whitesands. The uses reported by indigenous, Ni-Vanuatu, experts included: body decoration, cultural/spiritual, ornamental, clothing, food/food preparation, handicrafts, medicine, and fiber/construction.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43413784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.221
Michael A. Vincent, Melanie A. Link‐Pérez
{"title":"Memorial: Ralph James Hickey (1950–2020)","authors":"Michael A. Vincent, Melanie A. Link‐Pérez","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.178
S. Fawcett, Cheng-Wei Chen, Alan R. Smith
Abstract. The Thelypteridaceae is the second most species-rich fern family in the Solomon Islands, representing 47 of the 449 ferns and lycophytes from the islands and a third of its endemic pteridophyte flora. Recently, there has been a major effort to document the botanical diversity of this tropical island archipelago, which has resulted in the discovery and description of several new species of ferns. Here we describe two additional novelties in recently recognized genera, Grypothrix and Reholttumia. We hope that our study of these diverse and often narrowly restricted lineages will encourage others to learn more about these underappreciated islands, and these understudied taxa.
{"title":"Two New Species of Thelypteridaceae from the Solomon Islands","authors":"S. Fawcett, Cheng-Wei Chen, Alan R. Smith","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.3.178","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Thelypteridaceae is the second most species-rich fern family in the Solomon Islands, representing 47 of the 449 ferns and lycophytes from the islands and a third of its endemic pteridophyte flora. Recently, there has been a major effort to document the botanical diversity of this tropical island archipelago, which has resulted in the discovery and description of several new species of ferns. Here we describe two additional novelties in recently recognized genera, Grypothrix and Reholttumia. We hope that our study of these diverse and often narrowly restricted lineages will encourage others to learn more about these underappreciated islands, and these understudied taxa.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44055611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.105
XIAO-LING Yu, A. Harris, Lingyun Nie, Ai-Hua Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, FA-GUO Wang
Abstract. The ferns of Adiantum Series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) consist of species that occur exclusively on Danxia (A. juxtapositum) and Karst (A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. dentatum, A. obovatum, and A. gravesii) landforms. We cultured representatives of these six species from 20 different populations on both agar and soil to investigate and compare their gametophyte development. All species had the Vittaria-type pattern of spore germination except A. obovatum, for which we missed the best time to observe this developmental phase. However, two different patterns of subsequent development were observed: the Adiantum-type (i.e., naked, cordate mature gametophyte thallus) in A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. juxtapositum, and A. gravesii and the Kaulinia-type (i.e., naked, ribbon-shaped mature gametophyte thallus) in A. dentatum and A. obovatum. All populations from A. juxtapositum and A. gravesii possess the same Adiantum-type, suggesting that Karst and Danxia soils were not the main factor causing the differences in gametophyte development. The Kaulinia-type adult thallus has not been observed previously in Adiantum and may be an adaptive strategy for survival within the relatively harsh micro-habitats experienced by A. dentatum and A. obovatum compared to other members of this series.
{"title":"Gametophyte Development of Karst- and Danixa-Specific Species of Adiantum Series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) from China","authors":"XIAO-LING Yu, A. Harris, Lingyun Nie, Ai-Hua Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, FA-GUO Wang","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The ferns of Adiantum Series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) consist of species that occur exclusively on Danxia (A. juxtapositum) and Karst (A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. dentatum, A. obovatum, and A. gravesii) landforms. We cultured representatives of these six species from 20 different populations on both agar and soil to investigate and compare their gametophyte development. All species had the Vittaria-type pattern of spore germination except A. obovatum, for which we missed the best time to observe this developmental phase. However, two different patterns of subsequent development were observed: the Adiantum-type (i.e., naked, cordate mature gametophyte thallus) in A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. juxtapositum, and A. gravesii and the Kaulinia-type (i.e., naked, ribbon-shaped mature gametophyte thallus) in A. dentatum and A. obovatum. All populations from A. juxtapositum and A. gravesii possess the same Adiantum-type, suggesting that Karst and Danxia soils were not the main factor causing the differences in gametophyte development. The Kaulinia-type adult thallus has not been observed previously in Adiantum and may be an adaptive strategy for survival within the relatively harsh micro-habitats experienced by A. dentatum and A. obovatum compared to other members of this series.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.79
A. Petlewski, Ariel Patterson, Fay-Wei Li
Abstract. Microbial endophytes are integral factors in plant evolution, ecology, and physiology. However, the endophyte communities across all major plant lineages have yet to be characterized, and data are particularly scarce for lycophytes. Here we used a culture-based approach to survey the diversity of endophytic bacteria in five sympatric Lycopodiaceae species in central New York. The most notable endophyte isolated from this study is a bacterial species Allobranchiibius huperziae, which was only recently described from the roots of Huperzia serrata in China. The fact that the same endophyte was also found in our North American samples suggest a possible specific association with Lycopodiaceae species. The data and cultures from this study provide an important foundation for future metagenomic and functional studies to characterize better the diversity and significance of plant endophytes.
{"title":"Characterizing Culturable Bacterial Endophytes of Five Lycopodiaceae Species","authors":"A. Petlewski, Ariel Patterson, Fay-Wei Li","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Microbial endophytes are integral factors in plant evolution, ecology, and physiology. However, the endophyte communities across all major plant lineages have yet to be characterized, and data are particularly scarce for lycophytes. Here we used a culture-based approach to survey the diversity of endophytic bacteria in five sympatric Lycopodiaceae species in central New York. The most notable endophyte isolated from this study is a bacterial species Allobranchiibius huperziae, which was only recently described from the roots of Huperzia serrata in China. The fact that the same endophyte was also found in our North American samples suggest a possible specific association with Lycopodiaceae species. The data and cultures from this study provide an important foundation for future metagenomic and functional studies to characterize better the diversity and significance of plant endophytes.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42552548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.124
K. R. Wood, S. Fawcett
Abstract. Menisciopsis wailele (Thelypteridaceae) is a single-island endemic fern species restricted to the Hawaiian island of Kaua‘i. All observations indicate it is an obligate rheophyte, preferring sites of fast-moving water along concave walls of remote streams and waterfall edges. This paper presents data on its morphology, evolution, taxonomy, distribution, abundance, and ecological characteristics. Based on phylogenetic and geographic evidence, the ancestor of the Hawaiian species of Menisciopsis may have dispersed from the mountains of continental East Asia. A formal IUCN assessment of the species has been completed and is reported here as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)).
{"title":"Notes on Menisciopsis wailele (Thelypteridaceae), a Critically Endangered Rheophytic Fern Species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands","authors":"K. R. Wood, S. Fawcett","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Menisciopsis wailele (Thelypteridaceae) is a single-island endemic fern species restricted to the Hawaiian island of Kaua‘i. All observations indicate it is an obligate rheophyte, preferring sites of fast-moving water along concave walls of remote streams and waterfall edges. This paper presents data on its morphology, evolution, taxonomy, distribution, abundance, and ecological characteristics. Based on phylogenetic and geographic evidence, the ancestor of the Hawaiian species of Menisciopsis may have dispersed from the mountains of continental East Asia. A formal IUCN assessment of the species has been completed and is reported here as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)).","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.93
G. Rogers
Abstract. In southeast Florida an association between the shoestring fern (Vittaria lineata) and the pantropical moss Octoblepharum albidum is conspicuous on cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) trunks. As determined from quadrat studies, for maturing sporophytes, but not for gametophytes and tiny sporophytes, the frequency of association exceeded that expected by chance. The positive association suggests the moss facilitates the fern sporophytes. Based on a literature review and on new observations, the structure of the moss and its intimate relationship with V. lineata roots is consistent with the moss serving as a water-retentive “mulch” for V. lineata. In different habitats V. lineata can associate alternatively with the moss Syrrhopodon incompletus, and it sometimes grows on decaying petiole-base remnants or in petiole-base axils with no moss association. The only vascular epiphyte competing with V. lineata locally is the fern Phlebodium aureum. The lengths of its leaf blades, but not those of V. lineata, correlate with the lengths of immediately adjacent S. palmetto petiole-stumps. Phlebodium aureum is prominent where the stumps are long, whereas V. lineata dominates in trunk regions having no or small petiole-stumps, where it usually associates with O. albidum.
{"title":"Association of Epiphytic Fern Vittaria lineata with Moss Octoblepharum albidum on Palm Sabal palmetto in Southeast Florida, with Notes on Accompanying Fern Phlebodium aureum","authors":"G. Rogers","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In southeast Florida an association between the shoestring fern (Vittaria lineata) and the pantropical moss Octoblepharum albidum is conspicuous on cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) trunks. As determined from quadrat studies, for maturing sporophytes, but not for gametophytes and tiny sporophytes, the frequency of association exceeded that expected by chance. The positive association suggests the moss facilitates the fern sporophytes. Based on a literature review and on new observations, the structure of the moss and its intimate relationship with V. lineata roots is consistent with the moss serving as a water-retentive “mulch” for V. lineata. In different habitats V. lineata can associate alternatively with the moss Syrrhopodon incompletus, and it sometimes grows on decaying petiole-base remnants or in petiole-base axils with no moss association. The only vascular epiphyte competing with V. lineata locally is the fern Phlebodium aureum. The lengths of its leaf blades, but not those of V. lineata, correlate with the lengths of immediately adjacent S. palmetto petiole-stumps. Phlebodium aureum is prominent where the stumps are long, whereas V. lineata dominates in trunk regions having no or small petiole-stumps, where it usually associates with O. albidum.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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