Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-218324
Chungah Kim, Celine Teo, Andrew Nielsen, Antony Chum
Background: As governments around the world implement austerity measures to reduce national deficits, there is an urgent need to investigate potential health impacts of specific measures to avoid unintended consequences. In 2013, the UK government implemented the underoccupancy penalty (ie, the bedroom tax) to reduce the national housing benefits bill, by cutting social housing subsidies for households deemed to have excess rooms. We investigated the impact of the bedroom tax on self-reported psychological distress.
Methods: Using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2014), the sample included those who received housing subsidies, aged 16-60, living in England. Control and treatment groupings were identified on their household composition and housing situation. We used matching methods to create an exchangeable set of observations. Difference-in-differences analysis was performed to examine changes across the prereform and postreform psychological distress of the treatment and control groups, using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.
Results: The implementation of the reform was associated with a moderate increase in psychological distress (0.88, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.71) among the treatment group, relative to the control group. However, the announcement was not associated with change in psychological distress (0.53, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.27).
Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that the implementation of housing austerity measures can increase psychological distress among social housing tenants. As the use of austerity measures become more widespread, policy-makers should consider supplementary interventions to ameliorate potential negative health consequences.
背景：随着世界各国政府实施紧缩措施以减少国家赤字，迫切需要调查特定措施对健康的潜在影响，以避免意外后果。2013 年，英国政府通过削减对被认为拥有多余房间的家庭的社会住房补贴，实施了低入住率惩罚（即卧室税），以减少国家住房福利支出。我们调查了卧室税对自我报告的心理困扰的影响：利用英国家庭纵向研究（2010-2014 年）的数据，样本包括居住在英格兰的 16-60 岁领取住房补贴的人。根据他们的家庭组成和住房情况确定了对照组和治疗组。我们使用匹配方法创建了一组可交换的观察数据。我们使用 12 项一般健康问卷，对治疗组和对照组在改革前和改革后的心理压力变化进行了差异分析：结果：相对于对照组，改革的实施与治疗组心理压力的适度增加（0.88，95% CI 0.06 至 1.71）有关。然而，公告与心理困扰的变化无关（0.53，95% CI 0.21 至 1.27）：我们的研究提供了实施住房紧缩措施会增加社会住房租户心理压力的证据。随着紧缩措施的使用越来越广泛，政策制定者应考虑采取辅助干预措施，以改善潜在的负面健康后果。
{"title":"What are the mental health consequences of austerity measures in public housing? A quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Chungah Kim, Celine Teo, Andrew Nielsen, Antony Chum","doi":"10.1136/jech-2021-218324","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2021-218324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As governments around the world implement austerity measures to reduce national deficits, there is an urgent need to investigate potential health impacts of specific measures to avoid unintended consequences. In 2013, the UK government implemented the underoccupancy penalty (ie, the bedroom tax) to reduce the national housing benefits bill, by cutting social housing subsidies for households deemed to have excess rooms. We investigated the impact of the bedroom tax on self-reported psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2014), the sample included those who received housing subsidies, aged 16-60, living in England. Control and treatment groupings were identified on their household composition and housing situation. We used matching methods to create an exchangeable set of observations. Difference-in-differences analysis was performed to examine changes across the prereform and postreform psychological distress of the treatment and control groups, using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implementation of the reform was associated with a moderate increase in psychological distress (0.88, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.71) among the treatment group, relative to the control group. However, the announcement was not associated with change in psychological distress (0.53, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides evidence that the implementation of housing austerity measures can increase psychological distress among social housing tenants. As the use of austerity measures become more widespread, policy-makers should consider supplementary interventions to ameliorate potential negative health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90261860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.105
XIAO-LING Yu, A. Harris, Lingyun Nie, Ai-Hua Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, FA-GUO Wang
Abstract. The ferns of Adiantum Series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) consist of species that occur exclusively on Danxia (A. juxtapositum) and Karst (A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. dentatum, A. obovatum, and A. gravesii) landforms. We cultured representatives of these six species from 20 different populations on both agar and soil to investigate and compare their gametophyte development. All species had the Vittaria-type pattern of spore germination except A. obovatum, for which we missed the best time to observe this developmental phase. However, two different patterns of subsequent development were observed: the Adiantum-type (i.e., naked, cordate mature gametophyte thallus) in A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. juxtapositum, and A. gravesii and the Kaulinia-type (i.e., naked, ribbon-shaped mature gametophyte thallus) in A. dentatum and A. obovatum. All populations from A. juxtapositum and A. gravesii possess the same Adiantum-type, suggesting that Karst and Danxia soils were not the main factor causing the differences in gametophyte development. The Kaulinia-type adult thallus has not been observed previously in Adiantum and may be an adaptive strategy for survival within the relatively harsh micro-habitats experienced by A. dentatum and A. obovatum compared to other members of this series.
{"title":"Gametophyte Development of Karst- and Danixa-Specific Species of Adiantum Series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) from China","authors":"XIAO-LING Yu, A. Harris, Lingyun Nie, Ai-Hua Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, FA-GUO Wang","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The ferns of Adiantum Series Gravesiana (Pteridaceae) consist of species that occur exclusively on Danxia (A. juxtapositum) and Karst (A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. dentatum, A. obovatum, and A. gravesii) landforms. We cultured representatives of these six species from 20 different populations on both agar and soil to investigate and compare their gametophyte development. All species had the Vittaria-type pattern of spore germination except A. obovatum, for which we missed the best time to observe this developmental phase. However, two different patterns of subsequent development were observed: the Adiantum-type (i.e., naked, cordate mature gametophyte thallus) in A. mariesii, A. longzhouensis, A. juxtapositum, and A. gravesii and the Kaulinia-type (i.e., naked, ribbon-shaped mature gametophyte thallus) in A. dentatum and A. obovatum. All populations from A. juxtapositum and A. gravesii possess the same Adiantum-type, suggesting that Karst and Danxia soils were not the main factor causing the differences in gametophyte development. The Kaulinia-type adult thallus has not been observed previously in Adiantum and may be an adaptive strategy for survival within the relatively harsh micro-habitats experienced by A. dentatum and A. obovatum compared to other members of this series.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"105 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.79
A. Petlewski, Ariel Patterson, Fay-Wei Li
Abstract. Microbial endophytes are integral factors in plant evolution, ecology, and physiology. However, the endophyte communities across all major plant lineages have yet to be characterized, and data are particularly scarce for lycophytes. Here we used a culture-based approach to survey the diversity of endophytic bacteria in five sympatric Lycopodiaceae species in central New York. The most notable endophyte isolated from this study is a bacterial species Allobranchiibius huperziae, which was only recently described from the roots of Huperzia serrata in China. The fact that the same endophyte was also found in our North American samples suggest a possible specific association with Lycopodiaceae species. The data and cultures from this study provide an important foundation for future metagenomic and functional studies to characterize better the diversity and significance of plant endophytes.
{"title":"Characterizing Culturable Bacterial Endophytes of Five Lycopodiaceae Species","authors":"A. Petlewski, Ariel Patterson, Fay-Wei Li","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Microbial endophytes are integral factors in plant evolution, ecology, and physiology. However, the endophyte communities across all major plant lineages have yet to be characterized, and data are particularly scarce for lycophytes. Here we used a culture-based approach to survey the diversity of endophytic bacteria in five sympatric Lycopodiaceae species in central New York. The most notable endophyte isolated from this study is a bacterial species Allobranchiibius huperziae, which was only recently described from the roots of Huperzia serrata in China. The fact that the same endophyte was also found in our North American samples suggest a possible specific association with Lycopodiaceae species. The data and cultures from this study provide an important foundation for future metagenomic and functional studies to characterize better the diversity and significance of plant endophytes.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"79 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42552548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.124
K. R. Wood, S. Fawcett
Abstract. Menisciopsis wailele (Thelypteridaceae) is a single-island endemic fern species restricted to the Hawaiian island of Kaua‘i. All observations indicate it is an obligate rheophyte, preferring sites of fast-moving water along concave walls of remote streams and waterfall edges. This paper presents data on its morphology, evolution, taxonomy, distribution, abundance, and ecological characteristics. Based on phylogenetic and geographic evidence, the ancestor of the Hawaiian species of Menisciopsis may have dispersed from the mountains of continental East Asia. A formal IUCN assessment of the species has been completed and is reported here as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)).
{"title":"Notes on Menisciopsis wailele (Thelypteridaceae), a Critically Endangered Rheophytic Fern Species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands","authors":"K. R. Wood, S. Fawcett","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Menisciopsis wailele (Thelypteridaceae) is a single-island endemic fern species restricted to the Hawaiian island of Kaua‘i. All observations indicate it is an obligate rheophyte, preferring sites of fast-moving water along concave walls of remote streams and waterfall edges. This paper presents data on its morphology, evolution, taxonomy, distribution, abundance, and ecological characteristics. Based on phylogenetic and geographic evidence, the ancestor of the Hawaiian species of Menisciopsis may have dispersed from the mountains of continental East Asia. A formal IUCN assessment of the species has been completed and is reported here as Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)).","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"124 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.93
G. Rogers
Abstract. In southeast Florida an association between the shoestring fern (Vittaria lineata) and the pantropical moss Octoblepharum albidum is conspicuous on cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) trunks. As determined from quadrat studies, for maturing sporophytes, but not for gametophytes and tiny sporophytes, the frequency of association exceeded that expected by chance. The positive association suggests the moss facilitates the fern sporophytes. Based on a literature review and on new observations, the structure of the moss and its intimate relationship with V. lineata roots is consistent with the moss serving as a water-retentive “mulch” for V. lineata. In different habitats V. lineata can associate alternatively with the moss Syrrhopodon incompletus, and it sometimes grows on decaying petiole-base remnants or in petiole-base axils with no moss association. The only vascular epiphyte competing with V. lineata locally is the fern Phlebodium aureum. The lengths of its leaf blades, but not those of V. lineata, correlate with the lengths of immediately adjacent S. palmetto petiole-stumps. Phlebodium aureum is prominent where the stumps are long, whereas V. lineata dominates in trunk regions having no or small petiole-stumps, where it usually associates with O. albidum.
{"title":"Association of Epiphytic Fern Vittaria lineata with Moss Octoblepharum albidum on Palm Sabal palmetto in Southeast Florida, with Notes on Accompanying Fern Phlebodium aureum","authors":"G. Rogers","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In southeast Florida an association between the shoestring fern (Vittaria lineata) and the pantropical moss Octoblepharum albidum is conspicuous on cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) trunks. As determined from quadrat studies, for maturing sporophytes, but not for gametophytes and tiny sporophytes, the frequency of association exceeded that expected by chance. The positive association suggests the moss facilitates the fern sporophytes. Based on a literature review and on new observations, the structure of the moss and its intimate relationship with V. lineata roots is consistent with the moss serving as a water-retentive “mulch” for V. lineata. In different habitats V. lineata can associate alternatively with the moss Syrrhopodon incompletus, and it sometimes grows on decaying petiole-base remnants or in petiole-base axils with no moss association. The only vascular epiphyte competing with V. lineata locally is the fern Phlebodium aureum. The lengths of its leaf blades, but not those of V. lineata, correlate with the lengths of immediately adjacent S. palmetto petiole-stumps. Phlebodium aureum is prominent where the stumps are long, whereas V. lineata dominates in trunk regions having no or small petiole-stumps, where it usually associates with O. albidum.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"93 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria L Espinosa, Christina J Walker, Joan Guitart, Julia M Mhlaba
Although mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) commonly affect Black patients, dermatologic educational resources primarily describe the appearance of these conditions in lighter skin types. Skin of color (SoC) patients with Fitzpatrick skin types (FSTs) IV to VI tend to have variable morphologies compared to the erythematous patches, plaques, or tumors in non-sun-exposed areas seen in non-SoC patients (FSTs I-III). We performed a single-institution review of clinical photographs of patients with FSTs I to VI with the primary outcome of determining the frequency of various morphologic features of MF/SS in SoC vs non-SoC patients. Providers need to be familiar with the differences in morphologic features across skin types to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
尽管真菌病（MF）和塞扎里综合征（SS）通常会影响黑人患者，但皮肤病学教育资源主要描述的是这些疾病在浅色皮肤类型中的表现。菲茨帕特里克皮肤类型（FST）Ⅳ至Ⅵ的有色人种（SoC）患者与非有色人种（SoC）患者（FSTⅠ-Ⅲ）非日晒区的红斑、斑块或肿瘤相比，往往具有不同的形态。我们对 FST I 至 VI 患者的临床照片进行了单机构审查，主要结果是确定 SoC 与非 SoC 患者中 MF/SS 各种形态特征的发生频率。医疗人员需要熟悉不同皮肤类型的形态特征差异，以确保早期诊断和治疗。
{"title":"Morphology of Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome in Skin of Color.","authors":"Maria L Espinosa, Christina J Walker, Joan Guitart, Julia M Mhlaba","doi":"10.12788/cutis.0484","DOIUrl":"10.12788/cutis.0484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) commonly affect Black patients, dermatologic educational resources primarily describe the appearance of these conditions in lighter skin types. Skin of color (SoC) patients with Fitzpatrick skin types (FSTs) IV to VI tend to have variable morphologies compared to the erythematous patches, plaques, or tumors in non-sun-exposed areas seen in non-SoC patients (FSTs I-III). We performed a single-institution review of clinical photographs of patients with FSTs I to VI with the primary outcome of determining the frequency of various morphologic features of MF/SS in SoC vs non-SoC patients. Providers need to be familiar with the differences in morphologic features across skin types to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"E3-E7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90246839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.73
Karla Sosa
Potential Desiccation Tolerance Shown in Cheilanthes ecuadorensis (Pteridaceae).—Having enough water for survival is one of the restrictions with which organisms must cope. Many strategies have evolved that allow organisms to survive in low-water conditions. Among plants, one such strategy is desiccation tolerance: the ability to survive an almost complete loss of water in photosynthetic tissues (Walter, Annual Review of Plant Physiology 6:239–252. 1955; Schwab & Heber, Planta 161:37–45. 1984; Gaff, in Structural and Functional Responses to Environmental Stresses, 225–268. 1989; Rascio & La Rocca, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24:209–255. 2005), a strategy that is also found in other organisms such as lichens. Although desiccation tolerance is likely the ancestral state for all land plants (Gaff & Oliver, Functional Plant Biology 40:315–328. 2013), vegetative desiccation tolerance has arisen multiple times since their move to land (Oliver et al., Plant Ecology 151:85–100. 2000; Oliver et al., Integrative and Comparative Biology 45:788– 799. 2005; Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008). It remains broadly uncommon, except in certain groups such as bryophytes (Proctor et al., The Bryologist 110:595–621. 2007). However, it appears to be relatively common in the xericadapted members of Pteridaceae (i.e., cheilanthoid ferns), being reported in several species of Astrolepis (Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008), Cheilanthes s.l. (Gaff, Oecologia 74:133–136. 1987; Proctor & Tuba, New Phytologist 156:327–349. 2002; Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008), Notholaena (Kessler & Siorak, American Fern Journal 97:175–185. 2007) and Pellaea, as well as in Argyrochosma fendleri and Bommeria hispida (Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008). Here I present a further record of potential desiccation tolerance exhibited in cheilanthoid ferns, describing very broadly time to desiccation and recovery in Cheilanthes ecuadorensis Windham & K.Sosa, a recently described species from Ecuador that is known only from herbarium specimens (Sosa et al., Systematic Botany 46:249–259. 2021).
{"title":"Potential Desiccation Tolerance Shown in Cheilanthes ecuadorensis (Pteridaceae)","authors":"Karla Sosa","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Potential Desiccation Tolerance Shown in Cheilanthes ecuadorensis (Pteridaceae).—Having enough water for survival is one of the restrictions with which organisms must cope. Many strategies have evolved that allow organisms to survive in low-water conditions. Among plants, one such strategy is desiccation tolerance: the ability to survive an almost complete loss of water in photosynthetic tissues (Walter, Annual Review of Plant Physiology 6:239–252. 1955; Schwab & Heber, Planta 161:37–45. 1984; Gaff, in Structural and Functional Responses to Environmental Stresses, 225–268. 1989; Rascio & La Rocca, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24:209–255. 2005), a strategy that is also found in other organisms such as lichens. Although desiccation tolerance is likely the ancestral state for all land plants (Gaff & Oliver, Functional Plant Biology 40:315–328. 2013), vegetative desiccation tolerance has arisen multiple times since their move to land (Oliver et al., Plant Ecology 151:85–100. 2000; Oliver et al., Integrative and Comparative Biology 45:788– 799. 2005; Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008). It remains broadly uncommon, except in certain groups such as bryophytes (Proctor et al., The Bryologist 110:595–621. 2007). However, it appears to be relatively common in the xericadapted members of Pteridaceae (i.e., cheilanthoid ferns), being reported in several species of Astrolepis (Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008), Cheilanthes s.l. (Gaff, Oecologia 74:133–136. 1987; Proctor & Tuba, New Phytologist 156:327–349. 2002; Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008), Notholaena (Kessler & Siorak, American Fern Journal 97:175–185. 2007) and Pellaea, as well as in Argyrochosma fendleri and Bommeria hispida (Kirkpatrick, PhD Dissertation. 2008). Here I present a further record of potential desiccation tolerance exhibited in cheilanthoid ferns, describing very broadly time to desiccation and recovery in Cheilanthes ecuadorensis Windham & K.Sosa, a recently described species from Ecuador that is known only from herbarium specimens (Sosa et al., Systematic Botany 46:249–259. 2021).","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"73 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.36
R. Wyatt, R. Harris
Abstract. Relative to other vascular plants, ferns have been overlooked with respect to the potential for nonnatives to spread into natural areas and potentially displace native species. An unusual site in the Piedmont of northeast Georgia was found to harbor two species of nonnative ferns that have clearly become naturalized. A third species at the site represents the appearance in a natural setting of another nonnative fern species whose cultivars and hybrids are being more widely planted as ornamentals. Examination of herbarium specimens from Georgia and the Southeastern United States clarified the status of some earlier records and some overlooked records, based on misidentifications or questionable status as naturalized. The species involved (Arachniodes simplicior, Polystichum polyblepharum, and Anisocampium niponicum (=Athyrium niponicum)) are all introductions from temperate regions in East Asia and probably represent escapes from cultivation via spores. The appearance of these species in natural communities raises questions about their potential to spread farther and to become pests by crowding out native flora. The invasive potential of these three species and five other species discussed in a previous paper is evaluated based on field observations as well as information about their status as an epiphyte or ground dweller, reproductive plasticity, ecological requirements, and popularity as horticultural ornamentals.
{"title":"More on the Spread of Nonnative Ferns in Georgia and the Southeastern United States","authors":"R. Wyatt, R. Harris","doi":"10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Relative to other vascular plants, ferns have been overlooked with respect to the potential for nonnatives to spread into natural areas and potentially displace native species. An unusual site in the Piedmont of northeast Georgia was found to harbor two species of nonnative ferns that have clearly become naturalized. A third species at the site represents the appearance in a natural setting of another nonnative fern species whose cultivars and hybrids are being more widely planted as ornamentals. Examination of herbarium specimens from Georgia and the Southeastern United States clarified the status of some earlier records and some overlooked records, based on misidentifications or questionable status as naturalized. The species involved (Arachniodes simplicior, Polystichum polyblepharum, and Anisocampium niponicum (=Athyrium niponicum)) are all introductions from temperate regions in East Asia and probably represent escapes from cultivation via spores. The appearance of these species in natural communities raises questions about their potential to spread farther and to become pests by crowding out native flora. The invasive potential of these three species and five other species discussed in a previous paper is evaluated based on field observations as well as information about their status as an epiphyte or ground dweller, reproductive plasticity, ecological requirements, and popularity as horticultural ornamentals.","PeriodicalId":50817,"journal":{"name":"American Fern Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"36 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43432870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1640/0002-8444-112.1.17
Anna Weigand, J. Homeier, M. Lehnert, M. Kessler
Abstract. Increased nutrient supply can have drastic effects on natural ecosystems, especially in naturally nutrient-poor ones such as most tropical rainforests. Many studies have focused on the reaction of trees to fertilization, but little is known about herbaceous plants. Ferns are a particularly common group in tropical forests, spanning all vegetation types and zones. Here, we assess how seven years of moderate addition of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N+P along an elevational gradient (1000–3000 m) have impacted richness and composition of fern and lycophyte assemblages in tropical montane rain forests growing on naturally nutrient deficient soils in the Ecuadorian Andes. We found that fertilization does not affect overall species richness, but that there were strong differences in species abundances (∼60% of species), both negative and positive, that were apparently related to the systematic affiliations and ecological properties of the affected species. These diverse responses of ferns to fertilization provide insight into the sensitivity and complexity of the relationships of nutrient availability and community composition in tropical forests.
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