Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2918
Fernando Lucio-Ruiz, S. Joaquín-Cancino, Juan E. Godina-Rodríguez, J. R. Garay-Martínez
The preservation of native maize allows the selection of genotypes with forage potential in specific regions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of green forage and silage of 10 native and two commercial maize hybrids with forage potential, under semi-arid conditions with irrigation. Genotypes were grouped according to days to male flowering: early (80 days), intermediate (92 days) and late (111 days). Data were analyzed in a randomized complete block design with four replications (Tukey; α = 0.05). Intermediate and late maize had the greatest height, total dry matter yield (TDMY) and number of leaves (p < 0.05). Late genotypes showed higher values in cob yield and senescent matter (p < 0.05). The genotypes Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Tuxpeño II outperformed the hybrids 2038DK and P3966WP (3.50 and 9.24 Mg ha-1, respectively) in TDMY (14.32 Mg ha-1, on average). Olotillo × Tuxpeño and P3966WP presented similar crude protein values in green forage (81 g kg-1; p > 0.05). However, when ensiled, the hybrid outperformed native corn by 22 % (92 vs. 75 g kg-1; p < 0.05). Late-cycle native maize had the highest cob yields (4.59 Mg ha-1) and after ensiling, the ideal pH (< 3.9) and °Brix (8.5) values. The native genotypes Tuxpeño I, Olotillo × Ratón, Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Tuxpeño II could be used in breeding programs to select materials with potential for forage production and conservation.
{"title":"YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE AND SILAGE OF NATIVE MAIZE UNDER IRRIGATED SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS","authors":"Fernando Lucio-Ruiz, S. Joaquín-Cancino, Juan E. Godina-Rodríguez, J. R. Garay-Martínez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2918","url":null,"abstract":"The preservation of native maize allows the selection of genotypes with forage potential in specific regions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of green forage and silage of 10 native and two commercial maize hybrids with forage potential, under semi-arid conditions with irrigation. Genotypes were grouped according to days to male flowering: early (80 days), intermediate (92 days) and late (111 days). Data were analyzed in a randomized complete block design with four replications (Tukey; α = 0.05). Intermediate and late maize had the greatest height, total dry matter yield (TDMY) and number of leaves (p < 0.05). Late genotypes showed higher values in cob yield and senescent matter (p < 0.05). The genotypes Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Tuxpeño II outperformed the hybrids 2038DK and P3966WP (3.50 and 9.24 Mg ha-1, respectively) in TDMY (14.32 Mg ha-1, on average). Olotillo × Tuxpeño and P3966WP presented similar crude protein values in green forage (81 g kg-1; p > 0.05). However, when ensiled, the hybrid outperformed native corn by 22 % (92 vs. 75 g kg-1; p < 0.05). Late-cycle native maize had the highest cob yields (4.59 Mg ha-1) and after ensiling, the ideal pH (< 3.9) and °Brix (8.5) values. The native genotypes Tuxpeño I, Olotillo × Ratón, Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Tuxpeño II could be used in breeding programs to select materials with potential for forage production and conservation.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79684161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2798
C. Serna-Abascal, C. A. Villaseñor-Perea, Guadalupe Olmedo-Obrero, Artemio Pérez-López, Arturo Mancera Rico
The purpose of this review was to analyze and synthesize the published research on renewable alternative materials for improving seed quality to reduce pollution and raw material depletion. The analysis focused on productivity by country and authors, as well as the most relevant keywords. The articles were selected from the SCOPUS® and Web of Science™ databases, with updates until November 2021. Subsequently, they were analyzed by bibliometric indicators using VOS viewer v.1.6.15 and BIBLIOMETRIX v.3.0 software. The results show a global low in scientific production, with a total of 61 publications; the highest number of publications appears in 2020, with thirteen scientific reports. The most cited and prolific authors were Abbas HK, Accinelli C, and Shier WT. The United States of America was the country with the most publications (14). The most recently used keywords were “chitosan”, “biopolymer”, “seed coating”, “maize (Zea mays L.)”, “seed treatment”, and “sustainable agriculture”. The most widely documented developments were biostimulants, biocontrol, containers, and protective drought agents. Interdisciplinary collaboration could promote the discovery of new materials derived from renewable sources that have a significant impact on seed quality.
本文对国内外已发表的可再生替代材料在改善种子品质、减少污染和减少原料损耗方面的研究进行了分析和综合。分析的重点是国家和作者的生产力，以及最相关的关键词。文章选自SCOPUS®和Web of Science™数据库，更新至2021年11月。随后使用VOS viewer v.1.6.15和BIBLIOMETRIX v.3.0软件进行文献计量指标分析。结果显示全球科学产出较低，总共61篇出版物;最多的出版物出现在2020年，有13份科学报告。被引用最多和最多产的作者是Abbas HK、Accinelli C和Shier WT。美国是发表论文最多的国家(14篇)。最近使用最多的关键词是“壳聚糖”、“生物聚合物”、“种子包衣”、“玉米”、“种子处理”和“可持续农业”。最广泛记录的发展是生物刺激剂、生物防治、容器和抗旱保护剂。跨学科合作可以促进发现来自可再生资源的新材料，这些材料对种子质量有重大影响。
{"title":"SCOPING REVIEW ON ALTERNATIVE RENEWABLE MATERIALS TO IMPROVE SEED QUALITY","authors":"C. Serna-Abascal, C. A. Villaseñor-Perea, Guadalupe Olmedo-Obrero, Artemio Pérez-López, Arturo Mancera Rico","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2798","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review was to analyze and synthesize the published research on renewable alternative materials for improving seed quality to reduce pollution and raw material depletion. The analysis focused on productivity by country and authors, as well as the most relevant keywords. The articles were selected from the SCOPUS® and Web of Science™ databases, with updates until November 2021. Subsequently, they were analyzed by bibliometric indicators using VOS viewer v.1.6.15 and BIBLIOMETRIX v.3.0 software. The results show a global low in scientific production, with a total of 61 publications; the highest number of publications appears in 2020, with thirteen scientific reports. The most cited and prolific authors were Abbas HK, Accinelli C, and Shier WT. The United States of America was the country with the most publications (14). The most recently used keywords were “chitosan”, “biopolymer”, “seed coating”, “maize (Zea mays L.)”, “seed treatment”, and “sustainable agriculture”. The most widely documented developments were biostimulants, biocontrol, containers, and protective drought agents. Interdisciplinary collaboration could promote the discovery of new materials derived from renewable sources that have a significant impact on seed quality.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78941879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2496
Priscilia Yazmín Heredia- Castro, I. J. Tolano-Villaverde, Carmen Guadalupe Manzanarez- Quin, R. F. Osuna-Chávez, Cristina Ibarra-Zazueta, R. D. Valdez-Domínguez, E. Rueda-Puente, Carlos Gabriel Hernández-Moreno, Susana Marlene Barrales-Heredia, J. Sosa-Castañeda
Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria are a recurrent problem in the livestock sector, generating important economic losses in the livestock industry. One of the main strategies includes antibiotic therapy; however, its use is limited since pathogenic bacteria present resistance to these drugs, which makes treatment against microbial infections difficult. Therefore, the hypothesis proposed was that ethanolic extracts of native plants from the state of Sonora, Mexico, can inhibit the growth of Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogenic bacteria related to common infections in the livestock industry. The objective was to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial profile of native plants from the state of Sonora, Mexico. In this study, 17 ethanolic extracts were obtained from native plants of Sonora, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion method and by the microdilution technique using reference bacteria from the ATCC collection. The phytochemical profile was evaluated by spectrophotometry and the experimental design used was completely randomized with three replicates per treatment at 95 % confidence. The results showed that extracts of Prosopis velutina, Ibervillea sonorae, Populus alba, Ambrosia ambrosioides, Krameria sonorae, and Leucaena leucocephala were effective in eliminating Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (p≤ 0.05). In addition, these extracts presented the highest concentration of total polysaccharides, flavones and flavonols, flavanones and dihydroflavonols, tannins and total chlorogenic acid (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, plant extracts from Sonora, Mexico, represent a natural alternative for the control of Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogens of importance to the livestock industry.
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY","authors":"Priscilia Yazmín Heredia- Castro, I. J. Tolano-Villaverde, Carmen Guadalupe Manzanarez- Quin, R. F. Osuna-Chávez, Cristina Ibarra-Zazueta, R. D. Valdez-Domínguez, E. Rueda-Puente, Carlos Gabriel Hernández-Moreno, Susana Marlene Barrales-Heredia, J. Sosa-Castañeda","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2496","url":null,"abstract":"Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria are a recurrent problem in the livestock sector, generating important economic losses in the livestock industry. One of the main strategies includes antibiotic therapy; however, its use is limited since pathogenic bacteria present resistance to these drugs, which makes treatment against microbial infections difficult. Therefore, the hypothesis proposed was that ethanolic extracts of native plants from the state of Sonora, Mexico, can inhibit the growth of Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogenic bacteria related to common infections in the livestock industry. The objective was to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial profile of native plants from the state of Sonora, Mexico. In this study, 17 ethanolic extracts were obtained from native plants of Sonora, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion method and by the microdilution technique using reference bacteria from the ATCC collection. The phytochemical profile was evaluated by spectrophotometry and the experimental design used was completely randomized with three replicates per treatment at 95 % confidence. The results showed that extracts of Prosopis velutina, Ibervillea sonorae, Populus alba, Ambrosia ambrosioides, Krameria sonorae, and Leucaena leucocephala were effective in eliminating Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (p≤ 0.05). In addition, these extracts presented the highest concentration of total polysaccharides, flavones and flavonols, flavanones and dihydroflavonols, tannins and total chlorogenic acid (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, plant extracts from Sonora, Mexico, represent a natural alternative for the control of Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogens of importance to the livestock industry.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72609891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2566
Nelson Castillo-Chuquizuta, César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta, Milagros de Jesús Ricce-Villanueva, Segundo Grimaldo Chavez-Quintana
Recently, there has been a growing interest in bioactive compounds metabolized by plants, which are an important nutritional source for the human diet and are found in almost all vegetables and fruits. The objective was to evaluate the changes of bioactive compounds during the ripening of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruit. For this purpose, fruits were collected at three different stages of ripening from three different production sites in the Amazon region, located in northeastern Peru. Color, total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical method) and total flavonoids (colorimetric assay) were determined for all samples. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Color and bioactive compounds depend on the stage of ripening and, to a lesser extent, on the origin of the fruit. Ripe fruits have a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (up to five times higher) that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"CHANGES IN BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FRUITS OF Eriobotrya japonica GROWN IN THREE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN NORTHEASTERN PERU","authors":"Nelson Castillo-Chuquizuta, César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta, Milagros de Jesús Ricce-Villanueva, Segundo Grimaldo Chavez-Quintana","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2566","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a growing interest in bioactive compounds metabolized by plants, which are an important nutritional source for the human diet and are found in almost all vegetables and fruits. The objective was to evaluate the changes of bioactive compounds during the ripening of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruit. For this purpose, fruits were collected at three different stages of ripening from three different production sites in the Amazon region, located in northeastern Peru. Color, total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical method) and total flavonoids (colorimetric assay) were determined for all samples. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Color and bioactive compounds depend on the stage of ripening and, to a lesser extent, on the origin of the fruit. Ripe fruits have a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (up to five times higher) that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87794010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2534
R. E. Herrera-Medina, G. Álvarez-Fuentes, C. Contreras-Servín, Juan Carlos García-López
The mite Varroa destructor is one of the greatest threats to the apiculture sector worldwide. Generation of knowledge on its behavior and of the factors that favor its development under different environmental conditions, as well as the level of influence of these factors, is essential to the development of strategies for integral management of the mite. With the objective of analyzing the interaction between the variables of Apis mellifera colony strength and the percentage of V. destructor infestation, a group of 40 beehives were monitored during two flowering seasons, spring and summer-fall, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis as well as an analysis of variance with repeated measures in time (p ≤ 0.05). The level of V. destructor infestation was significantly related to the quantity of honey (+0.58) and pollen (+0.62) reserves and negatively correlated with hygienic behavior (-0.65). The percentage of V. destructor infestation in spring was not significantly different from that in summer-fall, while the quantity of food (honey and pollen) reserves in spring were statistically superior as of the second half of the season. Hygienic behavior had statistical differences only at the beginning of the flowering seasons; it was superior in summer-fall. However, this difference was not maintained over time.
{"title":"Varroa destructor: ITS INTERACTION WITH Apis mellifera COLONY STRENGTH IN TWO LOCALITIES OF SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, MEXICO","authors":"R. E. Herrera-Medina, G. Álvarez-Fuentes, C. Contreras-Servín, Juan Carlos García-López","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i4.2534","url":null,"abstract":"The mite Varroa destructor is one of the greatest threats to the apiculture sector worldwide. Generation of knowledge on its behavior and of the factors that favor its development under different environmental conditions, as well as the level of influence of these factors, is essential to the development of strategies for integral management of the mite. With the objective of analyzing the interaction between the variables of Apis mellifera colony strength and the percentage of V. destructor infestation, a group of 40 beehives were monitored during two flowering seasons, spring and summer-fall, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis as well as an analysis of variance with repeated measures in time (p ≤ 0.05). The level of V. destructor infestation was significantly related to the quantity of honey (+0.58) and pollen (+0.62) reserves and negatively correlated with hygienic behavior (-0.65). The percentage of V. destructor infestation in spring was not significantly different from that in summer-fall, while the quantity of food (honey and pollen) reserves in spring were statistically superior as of the second half of the season. Hygienic behavior had statistical differences only at the beginning of the flowering seasons; it was superior in summer-fall. However, this difference was not maintained over time.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87773412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2967
Víctor Hugo Carbajal-Vázquez, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Gabriel Alcántar-González, José Andrés Herrera-Corredor, Adriana Contreras-Oliva, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a glycophyte species with medium sensitivity to salts, tolerating electrical conductivity values in the soil solution of up to 2.5 dS m-1. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can act as an inorganic biostimulant in plants subjected to salinity. In this research, the main effects of two study factors were evaluated: a) salinity by NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM) in the nutrient solution and b) biostimulation by Si, applied to the leaves (0, 75, and 150 mg L-1), as well as the interaction of both factors on yield and quality in fruits of the second cluster of tomato plants cv. Río Supremo grown hydroponically under greenhouse conditions. Yield was significantly reduced in the saline treatments, and was not affected by the application of silicon. Compared with the control, the NaCl concentrations evaluated reduced the fruit pH value by 6.2 %, but increased titratable acidity (TA) by 64.8 %, electrical conductivity (EC) by 72.9 %, and total soluble solids (TSS) by 80 %. Consequently, the NaCl treatments increased the TSS/TA ratio, compared to the control. The application of 75 mg Si L-1 through the leaves reduced the pH of the fruit by 0.6 %, while the dose of 150 mg Si L-1 increased the EC and the TSS/TA ratio in fruits. In plants treated with 50 mM NaCl and with both doses of Si, an increase in fruit pH was recorded, while treatments with 100 mM NaCl with both doses of Si significantly reduced the TA values. The TSS/TA ratio increased with both doses of Si in the treatments with 100 mM NaCl. It is concluded that the combination of saline treatments with silicon can improve some quality attributes of tomato cv. Río Supremo fruits.
番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)是一种对盐具有中等敏感性的糖叶植物，在土壤溶液中可耐受高达2.5 dS m-1的电导率值。硅(Si)是一种有益的元素，可以作为一种无机生物刺激素在植物受盐度。本研究评价了两个研究因子的主要影响:a)营养液中NaCl(0、50和100 mM)的盐度和b)叶片上Si(0、75和150 mg L-1)的生物刺激，以及这两个因子对第二丛番茄果实产量和品质的相互作用。Río supermo在温室条件下水培生长。在盐水处理下，产量显著降低，且不受施用硅的影响。与对照相比，NaCl处理使果实pH值降低6.2%，可滴定酸度(TA)提高64.8%，电导率(EC)提高72.9%，总可溶性固形物(TSS)提高80%。因此，与对照相比，NaCl处理提高了TSS/TA比率。通过叶片施用75 mg Si -1可使果实pH值降低0.6%，而150 mg Si -1可提高果实的EC和TSS/TA比值。在50 mM NaCl和两种Si处理下，果实pH值升高，而在100 mM NaCl和两种Si处理下，TA值显著降低。在100 mM NaCl处理下，TSS/TA比值随Si处理的增加而增加。综上所述，生理盐水与硅相结合处理能改善番茄的某些品质属性。Río超级水果。
{"title":"SODIUM CHLORIDE AND SILICON AFFECT YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUITS","authors":"Víctor Hugo Carbajal-Vázquez, Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Gabriel Alcántar-González, José Andrés Herrera-Corredor, Adriana Contreras-Oliva, Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2967","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a glycophyte species with medium sensitivity to salts, tolerating electrical conductivity values in the soil solution of up to 2.5 dS m-1. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can act as an inorganic biostimulant in plants subjected to salinity. In this research, the main effects of two study factors were evaluated: a) salinity by NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM) in the nutrient solution and b) biostimulation by Si, applied to the leaves (0, 75, and 150 mg L-1), as well as the interaction of both factors on yield and quality in fruits of the second cluster of tomato plants cv. Río Supremo grown hydroponically under greenhouse conditions. Yield was significantly reduced in the saline treatments, and was not affected by the application of silicon. Compared with the control, the NaCl concentrations evaluated reduced the fruit pH value by 6.2 %, but increased titratable acidity (TA) by 64.8 %, electrical conductivity (EC) by 72.9 %, and total soluble solids (TSS) by 80 %. Consequently, the NaCl treatments increased the TSS/TA ratio, compared to the control. The application of 75 mg Si L-1 through the leaves reduced the pH of the fruit by 0.6 %, while the dose of 150 mg Si L-1 increased the EC and the TSS/TA ratio in fruits. In plants treated with 50 mM NaCl and with both doses of Si, an increase in fruit pH was recorded, while treatments with 100 mM NaCl with both doses of Si significantly reduced the TA values. The TSS/TA ratio increased with both doses of Si in the treatments with 100 mM NaCl. It is concluded that the combination of saline treatments with silicon can improve some quality attributes of tomato cv. Río Supremo fruits.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135572926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2686
A. Higuchi, Rocío Maehara, R. Merino, Franklin Ibáñez, María Matilde Schwalb
The global showcase for the promotion of the Andean grain quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) resulted in a rapid increase in international demand, which has had a direct impact on Peruvian food safety. The excessive use of pesticides results in high levels of pesticide residues in food, causing both environmental and health problems in the population. The objective of this article was to analyze if residues of internationally banned pesticides were present in the quinoa consumed by Peruvians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-seven different brands of packed white quinoa (10 sold as organically certified and 17 sold as conventional) were purchased in various supermarkets and bio-shops across metropolitan Lima on January 26, 2021. The pesticide residues in the samples were determined in a laboratory. The study found that Peruvian quinoa not only contained residues of internationally banned pesticides, but also had levels that exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. For consumer safety, it is important that the government make the proposed regulations regarding hazardous pesticides clear to the public.
{"title":"PRESENCE OF INTERNATIONALLY BANNED PESTICIDES IN DOMESTIC PERUVIAN QUINOA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"A. Higuchi, Rocío Maehara, R. Merino, Franklin Ibáñez, María Matilde Schwalb","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2686","url":null,"abstract":"The global showcase for the promotion of the Andean grain quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) resulted in a rapid increase in international demand, which has had a direct impact on Peruvian food safety. The excessive use of pesticides results in high levels of pesticide residues in food, causing both environmental and health problems in the population. The objective of this article was to analyze if residues of internationally banned pesticides were present in the quinoa consumed by Peruvians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-seven different brands of packed white quinoa (10 sold as organically certified and 17 sold as conventional) were purchased in various supermarkets and bio-shops across metropolitan Lima on January 26, 2021. The pesticide residues in the samples were determined in a laboratory. The study found that Peruvian quinoa not only contained residues of internationally banned pesticides, but also had levels that exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union. For consumer safety, it is important that the government make the proposed regulations regarding hazardous pesticides clear to the public.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83212978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2917
Jacinto Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca, Jose Carlos López-Ojeda, Ramón Robles-Soriano, Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido
The Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico, is characterized by extensive grazing of various grasses, shrubs, and trees to raise goats. The objective of this study was to identify and determine the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the species consumed by goats in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca. The direct observation method was used to collect forage from the species during the rainy (August-September) and dry (April-May) seasons. A botanical collection was made for later identification. The variables considered were the season (rainy, dry) and growth habit (tree, shrub, herbaceous, pod) as treatments. The chemical composition values were analyzed with a completely randomized experimental design. A total of 116 species were identified, of which 74 % were found in the rainy season and 26 % in the dry season. By growth habit, 42 % were trees, 34 % shrubs, and 24 % herbaceous. In addition, 11 % of the total species provided pods that goats consumed. The Fabaceae family was the most represented. Regarding chemical composition, the NDF content of the species was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the rainy season. By growth habit, the highest values obtained (p ≤ 0.05) for DM were in herbaceous and pods; for OM, in pods; for NDF, in pods and trees; and for IVDMD, in trees, shrubs, and pods. The goat livestock of the Mixteca region in Oaxaca has an important ecological niche. The evaluated species maintain a variable chemical composition between the rainy and dry seasons.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE RESOURCES CONSUMED BY GOATS IN THE MIXTECA REGION OF OAXACA, MEXICO","authors":"Jacinto Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca, Jose Carlos López-Ojeda, Ramón Robles-Soriano, Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2917","url":null,"abstract":"The Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico, is characterized by extensive grazing of various grasses, shrubs, and trees to raise goats. The objective of this study was to identify and determine the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the species consumed by goats in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca. The direct observation method was used to collect forage from the species during the rainy (August-September) and dry (April-May) seasons. A botanical collection was made for later identification. The variables considered were the season (rainy, dry) and growth habit (tree, shrub, herbaceous, pod) as treatments. The chemical composition values were analyzed with a completely randomized experimental design. A total of 116 species were identified, of which 74 % were found in the rainy season and 26 % in the dry season. By growth habit, 42 % were trees, 34 % shrubs, and 24 % herbaceous. In addition, 11 % of the total species provided pods that goats consumed. The Fabaceae family was the most represented. Regarding chemical composition, the NDF content of the species was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the rainy season. By growth habit, the highest values obtained (p ≤ 0.05) for DM were in herbaceous and pods; for OM, in pods; for NDF, in pods and trees; and for IVDMD, in trees, shrubs, and pods. The goat livestock of the Mixteca region in Oaxaca has an important ecological niche. The evaluated species maintain a variable chemical composition between the rainy and dry seasons.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2581
Joel Ventura-Ríos, Adelaido Rafael Rojas-García, Iliana Barrera-Martínez, Alejandro García-Salas, María de los Ángeles Maldonado-Peralta
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency in Cayman grass (Urochloa HYBRID) on biomass yield, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), acid detergent lignin (LDA), crude protein (PC), calorific value, and theoretical bioethanol yield. Four cutting frequencies were established as treatments: 30, 60, 90, and 120 d, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were analyzed with GLM (SAS), and means were compared with the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The highest biomass production (11.9 Mg ha-1 year-1), calorific value (15.1 MJ kg-1), and LDA (5.7 %) were obtained at the 120 d cutting frequency. The concentration of FDN (61.8 %), FDA (43.6 %), cellulose (38.1 %), and theoretical bioethanol production (218.4 L Mg-1 MS) were statistically different at the cutting frequency of 90 d. The values of hemicellulose (18. 7 %) and ethereal extract (1.8 %) were statistically different at the 60 d-cutting frequency; while PC (9.7 %) and ash (11.8 %) showed significant differences at the 30-d cutting frequency. Based on the biomass yield and calorific value of Cayman grass, it can be considered as a potential plant material for cellulosic ethanol production.
{"title":"CUTTING FREQUENCY IN CAYMAN GRASS (Urochloa HYBRID) ON THE CALORIFIC POWER OF THE MEXICAN WET TROPIC","authors":"Joel Ventura-Ríos, Adelaido Rafael Rojas-García, Iliana Barrera-Martínez, Alejandro García-Salas, María de los Ángeles Maldonado-Peralta","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2581","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency in Cayman grass (Urochloa HYBRID) on biomass yield, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), acid detergent lignin (LDA), crude protein (PC), calorific value, and theoretical bioethanol yield. Four cutting frequencies were established as treatments: 30, 60, 90, and 120 d, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were analyzed with GLM (SAS), and means were compared with the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The highest biomass production (11.9 Mg ha-1 year-1), calorific value (15.1 MJ kg-1), and LDA (5.7 %) were obtained at the 120 d cutting frequency. The concentration of FDN (61.8 %), FDA (43.6 %), cellulose (38.1 %), and theoretical bioethanol production (218.4 L Mg-1 MS) were statistically different at the cutting frequency of 90 d. The values of hemicellulose (18. 7 %) and ethereal extract (1.8 %) were statistically different at the 60 d-cutting frequency; while PC (9.7 %) and ash (11.8 %) showed significant differences at the 30-d cutting frequency. Based on the biomass yield and calorific value of Cayman grass, it can be considered as a potential plant material for cellulosic ethanol production.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2742
N. Callejas-Juárez, Graciela del Carmen Sandoval-Luján, J. M. Salas-González, Eduardo Domínguez-Arrieta
The Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a tool for studying the structure and importance of livestock markets and their elements. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the network structure for the mobility of bovines produced in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, between the 2010–2019 period. The Social Network Analysis methodology was used, with centrality measures at origin and destination centers taken into account. In the 2010–2019 period, the structure of bovine livestock mobility was determined by 67 centers of origin (producers) and 32 destination centers (consumers). Producers mobilized 10 012 227 heads with the intentions of exporting calves for fattening (39.2 %), pasturing (26.6 %), fattening (13.9 %), slaughtering (13.5 %) and auctioning, breeding stock, and events (6.7 %). These seven products, which comprised three destination markets: export, national, and local, determined the structure and mobility of bovine livestock. The main center of origin was the municipal area of Chihuahua, whereas the main destinations were the USA and the municipal area of Chihuahua, which are therefore considered the main elements of the network and key nodes of the dynamism of bovine livestock in the state. It was also possible to confirm that the export of calves for fattening was the main purpose of cattle mobility for the state of Chihuahua.
{"title":"NETWORK STRUCTURE FOR THE MOBILITY OF BOVINES PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO, 2010–2019","authors":"N. Callejas-Juárez, Graciela del Carmen Sandoval-Luján, J. M. Salas-González, Eduardo Domínguez-Arrieta","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i3.2742","url":null,"abstract":"The Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a tool for studying the structure and importance of livestock markets and their elements. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the network structure for the mobility of bovines produced in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, between the 2010–2019 period. The Social Network Analysis methodology was used, with centrality measures at origin and destination centers taken into account. In the 2010–2019 period, the structure of bovine livestock mobility was determined by 67 centers of origin (producers) and 32 destination centers (consumers). Producers mobilized 10 012 227 heads with the intentions of exporting calves for fattening (39.2 %), pasturing (26.6 %), fattening (13.9 %), slaughtering (13.5 %) and auctioning, breeding stock, and events (6.7 %). These seven products, which comprised three destination markets: export, national, and local, determined the structure and mobility of bovine livestock. The main center of origin was the municipal area of Chihuahua, whereas the main destinations were the USA and the municipal area of Chihuahua, which are therefore considered the main elements of the network and key nodes of the dynamism of bovine livestock in the state. It was also possible to confirm that the export of calves for fattening was the main purpose of cattle mobility for the state of Chihuahua.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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