Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2546
Berenice Karina Flores-Hernández, M. L. Arévalo-Galarza, Rubén San Miguel-Chávez, S. Espinosa-Zaragoza, Noé Delfino Pérez-Díaz, V. H. Aguilar-Rincón
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the second most important tropical fruit in the world. In the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico, there is a large number of mango genotypes with a broad range of shapes, flavors, and aromas, with the potential to increase its cultivation. Therefore, the post-harvest characteristics of three creole mango genotypes, ‘Manililla’, ‘Cuero’, and ‘Manzana’ were evaluated and compared with the variety ‘Ataúlfo’. Fifty fruits from each genotype were harvested and stored at 20 °C and 75 % relative humidity; quality characteristics (epidermis/seed/pulp ratio, weight loss, color, firmness, °Bx, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, pectimethylesterase enzymatic activity, phenolic acid and flavonoid content in epidermis) were evaluated under a completely randomized design. The results showed that ‘Manililla’ and ‘Cuero’ fruits had a significantly higher weight loss, while ‘Manzana’ and ‘Ataúlfo’ were similar in pulp content. The creole genotypes ‘Cuero’ and ‘Manzana’ had an attractive yellow-orange color, with red shading on the shoulders and orange in the pulp. The SST/AT ratio in ‘Manililla’ and ‘Cuero’ (71.1 and 62.6, respectively), was significantly higher in relation to ‘Ataúlfo’ (39.1) due to low acidity. ‘Manzana’ had higher total sugar content (30.3 g 100 g-1) and a firmer texture after six days of storage (dda). ‘Cuero’ showed greater weight loss and higher ascorbic acid content, 32 % more than ‘Ataúlfo’. The pulp content of ‘Manzana’ fruits was similar to that of ‘Ataúlfo’, with less weight loss and greater firmness, making it appealing for marketing.
芒果(Mangifera indica L.)是世界第二重要的热带水果。在墨西哥恰帕斯州的Soconusco地区，有大量的芒果基因型，具有广泛的形状、风味和香气，具有增加种植的潜力。因此，对“Manililla”、“Cuero”和“Manzana”3种克里奥尔芒果基因型的收获后特性进行了评价，并与品种“Ataúlfo”进行了比较。每个基因型收获50个果实，在20°C和75%相对湿度条件下保存;在完全随机设计下评估品质特征(表皮/种子/果肉比、重量减轻、颜色、硬度、°Bx、可滴定酸度、抗坏血酸、聚甲基酯酶活性、表皮中酚酸和类黄酮含量)。结果表明，“Manililla”和“Cuero”水果的减肥效果明显更高，而“Manzana”和“Ataúlfo”的果肉含量相似。克里奥尔基因型“Cuero”和“Manzana”具有迷人的黄橙色，肩部有红色阴影，果肉呈橙色。由于酸度低，“manila”和“Cuero”的SST/AT比(分别为71.1和62.6)明显高于“Ataúlfo”(39.1)。“Manzana”的总糖含量较高(30.3 g 100 g-1)，储存6天后(dda)质地更紧实。“Cuero”的减肥效果更好，抗坏血酸含量也更高，比“Ataúlfo”高32%。“Manzana”水果的果肉含量与“Ataúlfo”相似，重量减轻更少，硬度更高，这使得它对市场有吸引力。
{"title":"POST-HARVEST CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGO FRUITS (Mangifera sp.) FROM SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS","authors":"Berenice Karina Flores-Hernández, M. L. Arévalo-Galarza, Rubén San Miguel-Chávez, S. Espinosa-Zaragoza, Noé Delfino Pérez-Díaz, V. H. Aguilar-Rincón","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v57i1.2546","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the second most important tropical fruit in the world. In the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico, there is a large number of mango genotypes with a broad range of shapes, flavors, and aromas, with the potential to increase its cultivation. Therefore, the post-harvest characteristics of three creole mango genotypes, ‘Manililla’, ‘Cuero’, and ‘Manzana’ were evaluated and compared with the variety ‘Ataúlfo’. Fifty fruits from each genotype were harvested and stored at 20 °C and 75 % relative humidity; quality characteristics (epidermis/seed/pulp ratio, weight loss, color, firmness, °Bx, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, pectimethylesterase enzymatic activity, phenolic acid and flavonoid content in epidermis) were evaluated under a completely randomized design. The results showed that ‘Manililla’ and ‘Cuero’ fruits had a significantly higher weight loss, while ‘Manzana’ and ‘Ataúlfo’ were similar in pulp content. The creole genotypes ‘Cuero’ and ‘Manzana’ had an attractive yellow-orange color, with red shading on the shoulders and orange in the pulp. The SST/AT ratio in ‘Manililla’ and ‘Cuero’ (71.1 and 62.6, respectively), was significantly higher in relation to ‘Ataúlfo’ (39.1) due to low acidity. ‘Manzana’ had higher total sugar content (30.3 g 100 g-1) and a firmer texture after six days of storage (dda). ‘Cuero’ showed greater weight loss and higher ascorbic acid content, 32 % more than ‘Ataúlfo’. The pulp content of ‘Manzana’ fruits was similar to that of ‘Ataúlfo’, with less weight loss and greater firmness, making it appealing for marketing.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80617619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2741
Margarita Velandia, C. Trejo-Pech, Benigno Rodríguez-Padrón, R. Servín-Juárez, C. Stripling
Coffee cooperatives from the Huatusco region in Mexico have played an important role in helping coffee farmers in this region maintain economic viability in the midst of Mexico’s economic crisis and the international crisis of the coffee sector over time. While these types of organizations have played an important role, not all of these organizations have survived over time. Using information from interviews with leaders of five longeval coffee producer cooperatives in the Huatusco coffee region, this study tries to identify factors that could explain the longevity and long-term sustainability of these organizations. Additionally, using information from these interviews, we evaluate challenges that could put at risk the long-term sustainability of these associations and strategies to overcome these challenges from the cooperative’s leadership perspective. Findings from this study suggest the motivations behind the creation of these producer associations that goes beyond accessing government resources, an institutional structure where there is a democratic process behind the election of leaders, leadership positions have a definite term, and association strategies to increase member engagement could explain the longevity of these organization. Regarding challenges the cooperatives would be facing in the future, the aging population of growers is perceived by cooperative leaders as one of the major challenges they will be facing in the future. Increasing youth involvement in the cooperatives through training and educational activities was perceived by cooperative leaders as a strategy to overcome this challenge.
{"title":"CHALLENGES AND MANAGERIAL STRATEGIES OF COFFEE COOPERATIVES FROM THE HUATUSCO REGION IN MEXICO: A LEADERS' PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Margarita Velandia, C. Trejo-Pech, Benigno Rodríguez-Padrón, R. Servín-Juárez, C. Stripling","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2741","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee cooperatives from the Huatusco region in Mexico have played an important role in helping coffee farmers in this region maintain economic viability in the midst of Mexico’s economic crisis and the international crisis of the coffee sector over time. While these types of organizations have played an important role, not all of these organizations have survived over time. Using information from interviews with leaders of five longeval coffee producer cooperatives in the Huatusco coffee region, this study tries to identify factors that could explain the longevity and long-term sustainability of these organizations. Additionally, using information from these interviews, we evaluate challenges that could put at risk the long-term sustainability of these associations and strategies to overcome these challenges from the cooperative’s leadership perspective. Findings from this study suggest the motivations behind the creation of these producer associations that goes beyond accessing government resources, an institutional structure where there is a democratic process behind the election of leaders, leadership positions have a definite term, and association strategies to increase member engagement could explain the longevity of these organization. Regarding challenges the cooperatives would be facing in the future, the aging population of growers is perceived by cooperative leaders as one of the major challenges they will be facing in the future. Increasing youth involvement in the cooperatives through training and educational activities was perceived by cooperative leaders as a strategy to overcome this challenge.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81783469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2423
F. Sánchez-Ramírez, M. Mendoza-Castillo, C. G. Mendoza-Mendoza, A. Delgado-Alvarado, Etzael Nuñez-Terrones
In Mexico, about half of white corn production is used for human consumption. In a breeding program, in addition to increasing the yield and genotypes stability, the aim is to improve grain quality. Assuming that there is genetic variation among the elite genotypes evaluated in this research, at least one genotype was considered to be outstanding for its high productive potential and desirable characteristics for grain quality. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variation present in experimental hybrids in terms of yield potential and grain quality, as well as to identify the most outstanding genotypes. In 2016, twenty white corn experimental crosses were evaluated under a randomized block design with three replications in two locations of the ecological area of the High Valleys of Mexico and one location in a transitional area. Yield stability was determined using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. Grain quality was evaluated through starch, protein and oil content. Most of the crosses had higher yield and stability than the controls (commercial hybrids). Likewise, nutrient content varied among them for each biochemical compound; oil concentration ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 g 100 g-1 dry matter (ms); protein, from 5.5 to 9.8 g 100 g-1 ms; and starch, from 72.6 to 96.6 g 100 g-1 ms. Based on their phenotypic stability, yield and grain quality, we observed that crosses 1213, 1217, 1218, 1314, 1418, and 1812 were outstanding, which can be used to produce grain with promising starch and oil content. In general, we infer that the crosses showed potential for starch utilization and tortilla production.
在墨西哥，大约一半的白玉米生产用于人类消费。在育种计划中，除了提高产量和基因型稳定性外，目标是改善粮食质量。假设本研究评估的精英基因型之间存在遗传变异，至少有一种基因型被认为具有高生产潜力和理想的粮食品质特征。这项工作的目的是确定在产量潜力和籽粒品质方面存在的实验杂交种的遗传变异，并确定最突出的基因型。2016年，采用随机区组设计，在墨西哥高谷生态区2个地点和过渡区1个地点进行3个重复试验，对20个白玉米试验组合进行评价。采用可加性主效应和乘法互作模型确定产量稳定性。通过淀粉、蛋白质和油脂含量评价籽粒品质。大多数杂交品种的产量和稳定性都高于对照(商业杂交品种)。同样，每种生化化合物的营养成分含量也各不相同;油浓度为3.5 ~ 6.4 g 100 g-1干物质(ms);蛋白质:5.5 ~ 9.8 g 100 g-1 ms;淀粉从72.6 g到96.6 g 100 g-1 Ms。从表型稳定性、产量和籽粒品质等方面分析，1213、1217、1218、1314、1418和1812杂交组合表现优异，可用于生产淀粉和油脂含量较高的籽粒。总的来说，我们推断这些杂交具有淀粉利用和玉米粉圆饼生产的潜力。
{"title":"GRAIN YIELD STABILITY AND BIOCHEMICAL NUTRIENT CONTENT IN WHITE CORN EXPERIMENTAL CROSSES","authors":"F. Sánchez-Ramírez, M. Mendoza-Castillo, C. G. Mendoza-Mendoza, A. Delgado-Alvarado, Etzael Nuñez-Terrones","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2423","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, about half of white corn production is used for human consumption. In a breeding program, in addition to increasing the yield and genotypes stability, the aim is to improve grain quality. Assuming that there is genetic variation among the elite genotypes evaluated in this research, at least one genotype was considered to be outstanding for its high productive potential and desirable characteristics for grain quality. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variation present in experimental hybrids in terms of yield potential and grain quality, as well as to identify the most outstanding genotypes. In 2016, twenty white corn experimental crosses were evaluated under a randomized block design with three replications in two locations of the ecological area of the High Valleys of Mexico and one location in a transitional area. Yield stability was determined using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. Grain quality was evaluated through starch, protein and oil content. Most of the crosses had higher yield and stability than the controls (commercial hybrids). Likewise, nutrient content varied among them for each biochemical compound; oil concentration ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 g 100 g-1 dry matter (ms); protein, from 5.5 to 9.8 g 100 g-1 ms; and starch, from 72.6 to 96.6 g 100 g-1 ms. Based on their phenotypic stability, yield and grain quality, we observed that crosses 1213, 1217, 1218, 1314, 1418, and 1812 were outstanding, which can be used to produce grain with promising starch and oil content. In general, we infer that the crosses showed potential for starch utilization and tortilla production.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88941278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2446
Marisol Ortiz-Texon, Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde, M. E. Ortega-Cerrilla, Lucía Améndola-Saavedra, J. Burgueño-Ferreira, R. Améndola-Massiotti
Access to shade decreases heat stress of grazing dairy cows, but may reduce their grazing time. It was hypothesized that access to shade would alter grazing behavior of New Zealand Holstein cows. The objective was to evaluate the distribution of time use of cows with and without access to shade in a temperate sub-humid climate with summer rainfall, where the mean annual temperature varies between 12 (January) and 18 °C (May). During the warm (May) and cool (October) seasons of 2017, two lots of nine lactating New Zealand Holstein cows grazed in two treatments, with (S) and without (NS) shade access. Behavior was recorded every 10 min for 5 d per period. The response variables were: grazing times; rumination standing, prostrate and total; resting standing, prostrate and total. The data were classified as diurnal (07:00 to 19:00 h) and nocturnal (19:00 to 07:00 h); the former were grouped into four shifts according to Temperature and Humidity Index (TIH) and solar radiation. It was analyzed with a general linear model and the MIXED procedure. In the warm season (19 °C. precipitation of 44.3 mm) cows with access to shade grazed 16 % less time (p ≤ 0.05) in the shifts of higher THI and solar radiation, being higher the percentage of shade use. During the cool season (16 °C, precipitation 62.0 mm) at times of higher THI (71.0) and solar radiation (880.5 Wm-2) S cows ruminated standing 44 % longer (p ≤ 0.05), with total rumination time 30.7 % longer (p ≤ 0.05) than NS; the latter rested standing 22.5 % longer (p ≤ 0.05). Access to shade modified the behavior of New Zealand Holstein cows grazing in the temperate climate of Mexico.
{"title":"GRAZING BEHAVIOR OF NEW ZEALAND HOLSTEIN COWS WITH ACCESS TO SHADE","authors":"Marisol Ortiz-Texon, Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde, M. E. Ortega-Cerrilla, Lucía Améndola-Saavedra, J. Burgueño-Ferreira, R. Améndola-Massiotti","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2446","url":null,"abstract":"Access to shade decreases heat stress of grazing dairy cows, but may reduce their grazing time. It was hypothesized that access to shade would alter grazing behavior of New Zealand Holstein cows. The objective was to evaluate the distribution of time use of cows with and without access to shade in a temperate sub-humid climate with summer rainfall, where the mean annual temperature varies between 12 (January) and 18 °C (May). During the warm (May) and cool (October) seasons of 2017, two lots of nine lactating New Zealand Holstein cows grazed in two treatments, with (S) and without (NS) shade access. Behavior was recorded every 10 min for 5 d per period. The response variables were: grazing times; rumination standing, prostrate and total; resting standing, prostrate and total. The data were classified as diurnal (07:00 to 19:00 h) and nocturnal (19:00 to 07:00 h); the former were grouped into four shifts according to Temperature and Humidity Index (TIH) and solar radiation. It was analyzed with a general linear model and the MIXED procedure. In the warm season (19 °C. precipitation of 44.3 mm) cows with access to shade grazed 16 % less time (p ≤ 0.05) in the shifts of higher THI and solar radiation, being higher the percentage of shade use. During the cool season (16 °C, precipitation 62.0 mm) at times of higher THI (71.0) and solar radiation (880.5 Wm-2) S cows ruminated standing 44 % longer (p ≤ 0.05), with total rumination time 30.7 % longer (p ≤ 0.05) than NS; the latter rested standing 22.5 % longer (p ≤ 0.05). Access to shade modified the behavior of New Zealand Holstein cows grazing in the temperate climate of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81083735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2477
María Elena Márquez-Gutiérrez, Evelyn Pérez-Lezcano, Y. Baró-Robaina, Francisco Paúl Gámez Vázquez, C. Aguirre-Mancilla, Gerardo Armando Aguado Santacruz
The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi in the field depends on the influence of various environmental factors, including temperature and level of exposure to UV light. It is hypothesized that temperature and level of UV light exposure of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales, Clavicipiceae) may affect its efficiency in controlling the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius, Fabricius; Coleoptera, Brentidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and ultraviolet light radiation on the growth and pathogenicity of different native strains of Cuban origin of the M. anisopliae Sorokin complex with biological activity against C. formicarius. Colony diameter was measured at 28, 30, 32 and 34 °C temperature and exposed to ultraviolet light (254 nm) for 10, 15, 20, 30, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Under laboratory conditions, the percentage germination of conidia of strains LBMa-11, LBM-30, LBM-41 and LBM-146 was determined, as well as their pathogenic capacity by means of bioassays with adults of C. formicarius in terms of the percentage of cumulative mortality and the mean lethal time (TL50). Results proved that temperature and UV light affect the ability of M. anisopliae to control C. formicarius. A delay in cumulative mortality was detected for all strains exposed to UV light, with an increase in TL50. The optimum temperature range was between 28 and 30 °C. The strain LBM-127 showed the highest sensitivity to temperature, LBMa-11 the highest tolerance to UV light, and LBM-146 was the most virulent according to Probit regression analysis.
{"title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON GROWTH AND PATHOGENICITY OF Metarhizium anisopliae","authors":"María Elena Márquez-Gutiérrez, Evelyn Pérez-Lezcano, Y. Baró-Robaina, Francisco Paúl Gámez Vázquez, C. Aguirre-Mancilla, Gerardo Armando Aguado Santacruz","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2477","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi in the field depends on the influence of various environmental factors, including temperature and level of exposure to UV light. It is hypothesized that temperature and level of UV light exposure of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales, Clavicipiceae) may affect its efficiency in controlling the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius, Fabricius; Coleoptera, Brentidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and ultraviolet light radiation on the growth and pathogenicity of different native strains of Cuban origin of the M. anisopliae Sorokin complex with biological activity against C. formicarius. Colony diameter was measured at 28, 30, 32 and 34 °C temperature and exposed to ultraviolet light (254 nm) for 10, 15, 20, 30, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Under laboratory conditions, the percentage germination of conidia of strains LBMa-11, LBM-30, LBM-41 and LBM-146 was determined, as well as their pathogenic capacity by means of bioassays with adults of C. formicarius in terms of the percentage of cumulative mortality and the mean lethal time (TL50). Results proved that temperature and UV light affect the ability of M. anisopliae to control C. formicarius. A delay in cumulative mortality was detected for all strains exposed to UV light, with an increase in TL50. The optimum temperature range was between 28 and 30 °C. The strain LBM-127 showed the highest sensitivity to temperature, LBMa-11 the highest tolerance to UV light, and LBM-146 was the most virulent according to Probit regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83794281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2871
Elizabeth Sánchez Jiménez, Sergio Aranda Ocampo, Daniel L. Ochoa Martínez, Dimas Mejiía Sánchez
Native bacterial populations in crown galls caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens may harbour bacteria of interest for biocontrol of this pathogen. In this study, we explored the density of native bacterial populations in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo antagonism against A. tumefaciens. Bacteria morphologically similar to A. tumefaciens were isolated from six gall samples and identified by virD2 gene sequencing. Bacterial population density was calculated by direct plate count on nutrient agar and R2A media. The in vitro antagonism efficiency index against A. tumefaciens of the most frequent bacteria was evaluated by dual confrontation on nutrient agar medium, and in vivo by inoculation of 1.5 x 108 UFC mL-1 in the root of tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm) plants under greenhouse conditions. By direct sequencing and biovar characterization, it was identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1 in raspberry galls. Native bacterial populations in galls have variable density and their diversity is limited. By partial amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, 13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %). Among these, Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest in vitro antagonism index (p ≤ 0.05) against A. tumefaciens, followed by Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolis. In vivo inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists against Agrobacterium tumefaciens did not prevent infection; however, Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the severity of plant stem tumours. A. faecalis is the most efficient antagonist in vitro and in vivo against A. tumefaciens.
{"title":"NATIVE BACTERIA IN RASPBERRY CROWN GALL REDUCE THE SEVERITY OF Agrobacterium tumefaciens","authors":"Elizabeth Sánchez Jiménez, Sergio Aranda Ocampo, Daniel L. Ochoa Martínez, Dimas Mejiía Sánchez","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i8.2871","url":null,"abstract":"Native bacterial populations in crown galls caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens may harbour bacteria of interest for biocontrol of this pathogen. In this study, we explored the density of native bacterial populations in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo antagonism against A. tumefaciens. Bacteria morphologically similar to A. tumefaciens were isolated from six gall samples and identified by virD2 gene sequencing. Bacterial population density was calculated by direct plate count on nutrient agar and R2A media. The in vitro antagonism efficiency index against A. tumefaciens of the most frequent bacteria was evaluated by dual confrontation on nutrient agar medium, and in vivo by inoculation of 1.5 x 108 UFC mL-1 in the root of tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm) plants under greenhouse conditions. By direct sequencing and biovar characterization, it was identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1 in raspberry galls. Native bacterial populations in galls have variable density and their diversity is limited. By partial amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, 13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %). Among these, Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest in vitro antagonism index (p ≤ 0.05) against A. tumefaciens, followed by Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolis. In vivo inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists against Agrobacterium tumefaciens did not prevent infection; however, Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the severity of plant stem tumours. A. faecalis is the most efficient antagonist in vitro and in vivo against A. tumefaciens.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85179041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2776
Sana Dhane Fitouri, Khaoula Boudabbous, Ali Ben Romdhane, Soumaya Tounsi Hammami, Wajdi Dhib, Faycel Ben Jeddi, C. Karmous, Salah Ben Youssef
The existing issues of climate change and population development have driven to a rising realization of the need to innovate in sustainable agricultural practice, such as intercropping, in parallel, improving the effectiveness of intercropping systems by applying beneficial micro-organisms (rhizobacteria and/or mycorrhizae) is a valuable approach. In this regard, two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of inoculation with beneficial microorganisms: rhizobacteria (B), mycorrhizae, and (M) rhizobacteria-mycorrhizae consortium (B+M) compared to the control (uninoculated plants: C) on Vetch/Oat/Triticale intercropping system. Growth, physiologicals traits, forage yield and qualities were determined at two harvesting periods (74 and 142 days after seeding: DAS). Overall, the different studied intercrops varied in term of inoculations effect. Mycorrhizal inoculation had a significantly positive effect on SPAD, total nitrogen and leaf to stem ratio for vetch, Oat and Triticale, respectively. Bacteria inoculation promoted leaf area and plant height for Vetch and Oat crops and only plant height for Triticale. The dual bacteria and mycorrhizae inoculum improved significantly the yield dry matter (YDM) by 41.2% ensuring an increase of 2.1 and 1.67 tons/ha at 74 and 142 DAS respectively, compared to control treatment. Further data analysis revealed an improvement of calcium and phosphorus status after mycorrhizae inoculation. This study highlighted the potential applications of the dual biofertilizers on Vetch/Oat/Triticale intercropping as way to increase forage yield and qualities in semi-arid region.
{"title":"Agronomic potential of biofertilizers on growth, yields and nutritional quality of Oat- Triticale-Vetch intercrops","authors":"Sana Dhane Fitouri, Khaoula Boudabbous, Ali Ben Romdhane, Soumaya Tounsi Hammami, Wajdi Dhib, Faycel Ben Jeddi, C. Karmous, Salah Ben Youssef","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2776","url":null,"abstract":"The existing issues of climate change and population development have driven to a rising realization of the need to innovate in sustainable agricultural practice, such as intercropping, in parallel, improving the effectiveness of intercropping systems by applying beneficial micro-organisms (rhizobacteria and/or mycorrhizae) is a valuable approach. In this regard, two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of inoculation with beneficial microorganisms: rhizobacteria (B), mycorrhizae, and (M) rhizobacteria-mycorrhizae consortium (B+M) compared to the control (uninoculated plants: C) on Vetch/Oat/Triticale intercropping system. \u0000Growth, physiologicals traits, forage yield and qualities were determined at two harvesting periods (74 and 142 days after seeding: DAS). Overall, the different studied intercrops varied in term of inoculations effect. Mycorrhizal inoculation had a significantly positive effect on SPAD, total nitrogen and leaf to stem ratio for vetch, Oat and Triticale, respectively. Bacteria inoculation promoted leaf area and plant height for Vetch and Oat crops and only plant height for Triticale. The dual bacteria and mycorrhizae inoculum improved significantly the yield dry matter (YDM) by 41.2% ensuring an increase of 2.1 and 1.67 tons/ha at 74 and 142 DAS respectively, compared to control treatment. Further data analysis revealed an improvement of calcium and phosphorus status after mycorrhizae inoculation. \u0000This study highlighted the potential applications of the dual biofertilizers on Vetch/Oat/Triticale intercropping as way to increase forage yield and qualities in semi-arid region.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90373887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2602
Reina Concepción Medina Litardo, Sady Javier García Bendezú, M. C. Carrillo Zenteno, I. Pérez-Almeida, Edwin Hasang Moran
The surface of agricultural soils affected with salinity causes degradation and reduction of crop production, negatively impacting the economy of farmers. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of water quality and soil salinity on rice production in the sub-basin of the Yaguachi River, Ecuador. For this purpose, 99 soil samples were georeferenced and analysed over an area of 19 027 ha, as well as water samples representative of the area under study. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) maps were produced and a regression analysis between EC and rice yield was performed on 34 producer plots. The predominant texture of the soils was found to be clayey, with an average pH of 6.73; The 38.4 % of the samples had an EC between 3.8 and 7.1 dS m-1. Rice yield gradually decreased as it was grown in soils with higher salinity and 26.81 % of the yield loss was found to be attributed to the increase in EC. The salinity of the irrigation water and other quality indicators such as the percentage of soluble sodium (Na+) and the sodium adsorption ratio (RAS) classified the water as severely restricted for use. However, given that crop yields did not show as drastic a reduction as expected, it can be said that the rice plant responds to the conditions of the canton of San Jacinto de Yaguachi as moderately tolerant to salinity.
{"title":"SALINITY OF SOIL AND IRRIGATION WATER ON RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CANTON OF SAN JACINTO DE YAGUACHI, ECUADOR","authors":"Reina Concepción Medina Litardo, Sady Javier García Bendezú, M. C. Carrillo Zenteno, I. Pérez-Almeida, Edwin Hasang Moran","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2602","url":null,"abstract":"The surface of agricultural soils affected with salinity causes degradation and reduction of crop production, negatively impacting the economy of farmers. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of water quality and soil salinity on rice production in the sub-basin of the Yaguachi River, Ecuador. For this purpose, 99 soil samples were georeferenced and analysed over an area of 19 027 ha, as well as water samples representative of the area under study. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) maps were produced and a regression analysis between EC and rice yield was performed on 34 producer plots. The predominant texture of the soils was found to be clayey, with an average pH of 6.73; The 38.4 % of the samples had an EC between 3.8 and 7.1 dS m-1. Rice yield gradually decreased as it was grown in soils with higher salinity and 26.81 % of the yield loss was found to be attributed to the increase in EC. The salinity of the irrigation water and other quality indicators such as the percentage of soluble sodium (Na+) and the sodium adsorption ratio (RAS) classified the water as severely restricted for use. However, given that crop yields did not show as drastic a reduction as expected, it can be said that the rice plant responds to the conditions of the canton of San Jacinto de Yaguachi as moderately tolerant to salinity.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79530659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2863
Selena del Rocío Martínez-Betancourt, E. D. Rössel-Kipping, L. A. López-Martinez, Hipólito Ortiz Laurel, Gerardo LOERA-ALVARADO, A. Amante-Orozco, V. Ruiz-Vera
Castilla squash (Cucurbita moschata), pea pods (Pisum sativum) and pinto Saltillo green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed shells are considered organic wastes due to the lack of knowledge about their physical, nutritional and medicinal characteristics and their relevance in agroindustrial production. The consumption of functional, synthetic and semi-synthetic products increases worldwide, as does the need for research on non-traditional species with agroindustrial potential. The objective of this research was to analyse the physical characteristics of Castilla squash seeds with shells, whole pods of Saltillo pinto green bean, and pea pods, and to transform them into flours to identify their potential use in Agroindustry 4.0. Pea pods showed the greatest width (11.17 mm) and thickness (9.19 mm), the greatest length was found in green bean pods (125.18 mm), while squash seeds showed the lowest values in these three variables. The squash seed flour presented higher internal friction (0.98) and higher external friction on wood (1.32) as did the pea pod flour (1.33) also on wood. In contrast, the mean values of strain percentage by hardness, recovery after work and specimen length showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the masses. These flours meet the specifications of the Mexican standard for wheat flour; therefore, they can be used in blends to fortify products or in the manufacture of industrial machines for processing the raw material.
{"title":"POTENTIAL USE OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SQUASH SEEDS (Cucurbita moschata), PEA PODS (Pisum sativum) AND GREEN BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) IN AGROINDUSTRY 4.0","authors":"Selena del Rocío Martínez-Betancourt, E. D. Rössel-Kipping, L. A. López-Martinez, Hipólito Ortiz Laurel, Gerardo LOERA-ALVARADO, A. Amante-Orozco, V. Ruiz-Vera","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2863","url":null,"abstract":"Castilla squash (Cucurbita moschata), pea pods (Pisum sativum) and pinto Saltillo green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed shells are considered organic wastes due to the lack of knowledge about their physical, nutritional and medicinal characteristics and their relevance in agroindustrial production. The consumption of functional, synthetic and semi-synthetic products increases worldwide, as does the need for research on non-traditional species with agroindustrial potential. The objective of this research was to analyse the physical characteristics of Castilla squash seeds with shells, whole pods of Saltillo pinto green bean, and pea pods, and to transform them into flours to identify their potential use in Agroindustry 4.0. Pea pods showed the greatest width (11.17 mm) and thickness (9.19 mm), the greatest length was found in green bean pods (125.18 mm), while squash seeds showed the lowest values in these three variables. The squash seed flour presented higher internal friction (0.98) and higher external friction on wood (1.32) as did the pea pod flour (1.33) also on wood. In contrast, the mean values of strain percentage by hardness, recovery after work and specimen length showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the masses. These flours meet the specifications of the Mexican standard for wheat flour; therefore, they can be used in blends to fortify products or in the manufacture of industrial machines for processing the raw material.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2603
Roberto de la Cruz Díaz Juárez, Amalio Santacruz Varela, Fernando Castillo González, Noel Orlando Gómez Montiel, J. J. García Zavala, Abel Muñoz Orozco
In Mexico, maize (Zea mays L.) is grown under rainfed conditions within immensurable number of variable environments that limit production. To cope with these adversities, genotypes of different genetic constitution have been generated, such as intervarietal crosses; however, knowledge of the yield potential of those crosses in variable environments is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the yield potential of intervarietal crosses of yellow maize in environments of high-valley lands in central Mexico, as well as the components that influence yield under the hypothesis that intervarietal crosses are equal in yield to conventional hybrids. Crosses, open-pollinated parental varieties and commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Fifteen agronomic variables and yield components were measured. A combined analysis of variance and comparison of means (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) were applied, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. The analysis of variance detected statistical differences in all the factors of variation in most of the evaluated variables. The intervarietal crosses performed statistically equal to the controls but superior to the parents. The crosses excelled in ear diameter and ear length, total weight of grains in the ear, 100-grain weight, grain length, grain width, plant height, ear height, shelling corn coefficient and prolificacy index. In 23 crosses, the genotype × environment interaction effect was not significant. Intervarietal crosses have yield potential compared to conventional hybrids. Ear and grain traits had the greatest influence on yield. Intervarietal crosses represent an alternative to increase yield and production of yellow maize in the high-valley lands of central Mexico.
{"title":"INTERVARIETAL CROSSES, AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASING YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS","authors":"Roberto de la Cruz Díaz Juárez, Amalio Santacruz Varela, Fernando Castillo González, Noel Orlando Gómez Montiel, J. J. García Zavala, Abel Muñoz Orozco","doi":"10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v56i7.2603","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, maize (Zea mays L.) is grown under rainfed conditions within immensurable number of variable environments that limit production. To cope with these adversities, genotypes of different genetic constitution have been generated, such as intervarietal crosses; however, knowledge of the yield potential of those crosses in variable environments is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the yield potential of intervarietal crosses of yellow maize in environments of high-valley lands in central Mexico, as well as the components that influence yield under the hypothesis that intervarietal crosses are equal in yield to conventional hybrids. Crosses, open-pollinated parental varieties and commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Fifteen agronomic variables and yield components were measured. A combined analysis of variance and comparison of means (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) were applied, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. The analysis of variance detected statistical differences in all the factors of variation in most of the evaluated variables. The intervarietal crosses performed statistically equal to the controls but superior to the parents. The crosses excelled in ear diameter and ear length, total weight of grains in the ear, 100-grain weight, grain length, grain width, plant height, ear height, shelling corn coefficient and prolificacy index. In 23 crosses, the genotype × environment interaction effect was not significant. Intervarietal crosses have yield potential compared to conventional hybrids. Ear and grain traits had the greatest influence on yield. Intervarietal crosses represent an alternative to increase yield and production of yellow maize in the high-valley lands of central Mexico.","PeriodicalId":50836,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83972491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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