Air is one of the first terms that students encounter in primary science classes. On the other hand, environmental problems of air pollution are present in the daily life of many people, and environmental awareness is developed and nurtured at all levels of education. Air is omnipresent in the lives of children from the earliest age, but due to its invisibility and intangibility, there are difficulties in understanding and adopting the concepts of air and its physical properties. Hence, these difficulties were the subject of this research. The aim of the research was to evaluate the level of adoption of teaching content about air among students in lower grades of primary schools, as well as, to assess whether and to what extent the teaching of the subjects The World Around Us and Nature and Society affects the development of concepts about air. 140 students of lower grades (I-IV) of two primary schools participated in the research. A knowledge test of twelve tasks related to scientific facts about air and its properties was applied. The obtained results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of adoption of tested scientific terms depending on the class (age), which points out to the conclusion that the process of developing certain scientific terms about air is insufficiently effective in the initial teaching of natural sciences. It is recommended to apply some innovative teaching models and strategies when processing teaching content about air, and to connect this content to everyday phenomena and students’ experiences as often as possible.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS ABOUT AIR IN EARLY SCINCE EDUCATION","authors":"Olja Maričić, Zorana Bursać Lemaić, Danijela Petrović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204159m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204159m","url":null,"abstract":"Air is one of the first terms that students encounter in primary science classes. On the other hand, environmental problems of air pollution are present in the daily life of many people, and environmental awareness is developed and nurtured at all levels of education. Air is omnipresent in the lives of children from the earliest age, but due to its invisibility and intangibility, there are difficulties in understanding and adopting the concepts of air and its physical properties. Hence, these difficulties were the subject of this research. The aim of the research was to evaluate the level of adoption of teaching content about air among students in lower grades of primary schools, as well as, to assess whether and to what extent the teaching of the subjects The World Around Us and Nature and Society affects the development of concepts about air. 140 students of lower grades (I-IV) of two primary schools participated in the research. A knowledge test of twelve tasks related to scientific facts about air and its properties was applied. The obtained results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of adoption of tested scientific terms depending on the class (age), which points out to the conclusion that the process of developing certain scientific terms about air is insufficiently effective in the initial teaching of natural sciences. It is recommended to apply some innovative teaching models and strategies when processing teaching content about air, and to connect this content to everyday phenomena and students’ experiences as often as possible.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204197k
Nemanja N. Deretić, Saša Kukolj, Branislav Sančanin
This paper explores key factors influencing salary levels and incentives in the IT sector, using an analysis of statistical data segmented by categories such as age group, gender, work experience, education level, and position within the company. The aim was to determine how these demographic and professional characteristics affect employee priorities regarding compensation and incentives. The research is based on a sample of 150 employees in an IT company, selected through a purposive sampling process, with the intention of providing a deeper understanding of the impact of various factors on employee satisfaction through their compensation structure. A compensation structure in an organization includes all aspects of remuneration received by employees, including base salary, bonuses, benefits, and other forms of incentives. Based on the study of the impact of age limits and gender on employee preferences regarding salaries and incentives, it can be concluded that there is significant variation in the priorities of employees in different age groups and between genders. Younger employees, under 30, are primarily focused on salary height due to the need for financial stability in the early stage of their career. Employees aged between 30 and 40 strive to achieve a balance between salary and long-term security, with a strong focus on the quality of working life, flexibility, and the opportunity for professional development. Older employees, over 40, give priority to long-term stability and benefits, considering smaller changes in salary as less important compared to long-term security. Regarding gender, male employees tend to be more aggressive in negotiating salaries and seeking additional incentives, including bonuses and financial benefits. In contrast, female employees often strive for a balance between work and personal life, with greater interest in flexible working hours and benefits that support family needs. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring compensation packages and benefits to the needs of employees at different life stages and based on their gender, in order to maximize satisfaction and efficiency in IT companies. Based on the analysis of the impact of experience, education, and position in the company on employee preferences regarding salaries and incentives, we can conclude that there is a differentiated approach to compensation based on these factors. In terms of experience, less experienced employees (0-3 years of experience) are motivated by higher salaries and bonuses due to the desire for rapid professional advancement. Employees with 3-5 years of experience value a balance between salary and benefits, while focusing on additional perks that contribute to quality of life. Employees with more than 5 years of experience seek greater security and long-term benefits. Regarding education, employees with higher degrees (master’s or doctoral) expect higher salaries and incentives. Those with vocational education may be
本文通过对按年龄组、性别、工作经验、教育水平和公司职位等类别划分的统计数据进行分析，探讨了影响 IT 行业薪酬水平和激励措施的关键因素。目的是确定这些人口和职业特征如何影响员工在薪酬和激励方面的优先考虑。研究以一家 IT 公司的 150 名员工为样本，通过有目的的抽样过程选出，目的是更深入地了解各种因素通过薪酬结构对员工满意度的影响。企业的薪酬结构包括员工获得的各方面报酬，包括基本工资、奖金、福利和其他形式的奖励。根据对年龄限制和性别对员工薪酬和激励偏好的影响的研究，可以得出结论，不同年龄段和不同性别的员工在优先考虑方面存在显著差异。30 岁以下的年轻员工由于在职业生涯初期需要稳定的经济来源，主要关注薪酬的高低。30 至 40 岁的员工则努力实现薪酬与长期保障之间的平衡，同时非常注重工作生活的质量、灵活性和职业发展机会。40 岁以上的老年雇员则优先考虑长期稳定性和福利，认为与长期保障相比，较小的薪资变化并不那么重要。在性别方面，男性雇员在谈判薪酬和寻求额外奖励（包括奖金和经济福利）时往往更积极。与此相反，女性员工往往努力在工作和个人生活之间取得平衡，对灵活的工作时间和支持家庭需求的福利更感兴趣。这些调查结果表明，为了最大限度地提高 IT 企业的满意度和效率，必须根据员工在不同人生阶段的需求和性别来调整薪酬方案和福利。根据对经验、教育程度和在公司的职位对员工薪酬和激励偏好的影响的分析，我们可以 得出结论，基于这些因素的薪酬方法是有区别的。就经验而言，经验较少的员工（0-3 年工作经验）由于渴望快速的职业晋升，会受到较高薪酬和奖金的激励。拥有 3-5 年工作经验的员工重视薪酬与福利之间的平衡，同时关注有助于提高生活质量的额外福利。拥有 5 年以上工作经验的员工则追求更高的安全感和长期福利。在学历方面，拥有较高学历（硕士或博士）的员工期望获得更高的薪酬和奖励。受过职业教育的员工可能对灵活的工作时间和在家办公更感兴趣，而拥有学士学位的员工则寻求晋升和培训的机会。至于在公司中的职位，管理人员因责任更大而期望获得更高的工资和奖金，而级别较低的业务人员则更看重额外的福利和工作环境。总之，这些研究结果表明，要想最大限度地提高 IT 公司员工的满意度和忠诚度，就必须根据员工的个人需求，同时考虑到他们的经验、教育程度和在公司中的职位，量身定制薪酬和福利策略。
{"title":"IMPACT OF SALARIES AND INCENTIVES ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN AN IT COMPANY","authors":"Nemanja N. Deretić, Saša Kukolj, Branislav Sančanin","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204197k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204197k","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores key factors influencing salary levels and incentives in the IT sector, using an analysis of statistical data segmented by categories such as age group, gender, work experience, education level, and position within the company. The aim was to determine how these demographic and professional characteristics affect employee priorities regarding compensation and incentives. The research is based on a sample of 150 employees in an IT company, selected through a purposive sampling process, with the intention of providing a deeper understanding of the impact of various factors on employee satisfaction through their compensation structure. A compensation structure in an organization includes all aspects of remuneration received by employees, including base salary, bonuses, benefits, and other forms of incentives. Based on the study of the impact of age limits and gender on employee preferences regarding salaries and incentives, it can be concluded that there is significant variation in the priorities of employees in different age groups and between genders. Younger employees, under 30, are primarily focused on salary height due to the need for financial stability in the early stage of their career. Employees aged between 30 and 40 strive to achieve a balance between salary and long-term security, with a strong focus on the quality of working life, flexibility, and the opportunity for professional development. Older employees, over 40, give priority to long-term stability and benefits, considering smaller changes in salary as less important compared to long-term security. Regarding gender, male employees tend to be more aggressive in negotiating salaries and seeking additional incentives, including bonuses and financial benefits. In contrast, female employees often strive for a balance between work and personal life, with greater interest in flexible working hours and benefits that support family needs. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring compensation packages and benefits to the needs of employees at different life stages and based on their gender, in order to maximize satisfaction and efficiency in IT companies. Based on the analysis of the impact of experience, education, and position in the company on employee preferences regarding salaries and incentives, we can conclude that there is a differentiated approach to compensation based on these factors. In terms of experience, less experienced employees (0-3 years of experience) are motivated by higher salaries and bonuses due to the desire for rapid professional advancement. Employees with 3-5 years of experience value a balance between salary and benefits, while focusing on additional perks that contribute to quality of life. Employees with more than 5 years of experience seek greater security and long-term benefits. Regarding education, employees with higher degrees (master’s or doctoral) expect higher salaries and incentives. Those with vocational education may be","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204007s
Radomir Stojković, Slađan Milosavljević
The paper analyzes the tendencies of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) as an informal block for the creation of a new global economic and political reality. Former superpowers and economies with the most pronounced growth trends are today gathered around a common idea - the creation of an alternative global order. Propagating their vision of the modern world, the BRICS member states seek to change the current constellation of forces at the global level, shift the center of world power from the Euro-Atlantic region and create functional multilateralism. Using the idea and concept of the New Silk Road, China is strengthening its influence in an area where it was not represented during the first decade of the 21st century. Russia is building a new global position based on its energy potential and military cooperation with non-European countries Brazil, India and the Republic of South Africa use instruments of economic diplomacy to further strengthen competitive activities. Brazil is focused on the growth of the trade exchange of agricultural products, above all, fruit. India is repositioning itself globally on the basis of industrial production in the field of information and communication technologies. The Republic of South Africa, as the most developed country in Africa, finds the basis for a new role on the international stage in natural resources and a developed mining sector. The individual influence that the states of this forum have in the global framework is strengthened by joint and coordinated action within the most important global institutions. Certain changes have been made in the quota system of the International Monetary Fund, the issue of the election of leading individuals of the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization is increasingly topical, as well as the reform of the United Nations Organization, all as a result of the influence of the BRICS countries in the aforementioned institutions.
{"title":"BRICS TENDENCIES TOWARDS REDEFINING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORDER","authors":"Radomir Stojković, Slađan Milosavljević","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204007s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204007s","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the tendencies of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) as an informal block for the creation of a new global economic and political reality. Former superpowers and economies with the most pronounced growth trends are today gathered around a common idea - the creation of an alternative global order. Propagating their vision of the modern world, the BRICS member states seek to change the current constellation of forces at the global level, shift the center of world power from the Euro-Atlantic region and create functional multilateralism. Using the idea and concept of the New Silk Road, China is strengthening its influence in an area where it was not represented during the first decade of the 21st century. Russia is building a new global position based on its energy potential and military cooperation with non-European countries Brazil, India and the Republic of South Africa use instruments of economic diplomacy to further strengthen competitive activities. Brazil is focused on the growth of the trade exchange of agricultural products, above all, fruit. India is repositioning itself globally on the basis of industrial production in the field of information and communication technologies. The Republic of South Africa, as the most developed country in Africa, finds the basis for a new role on the international stage in natural resources and a developed mining sector. The individual influence that the states of this forum have in the global framework is strengthened by joint and coordinated action within the most important global institutions. Certain changes have been made in the quota system of the International Monetary Fund, the issue of the election of leading individuals of the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization is increasingly topical, as well as the reform of the United Nations Organization, all as a result of the influence of the BRICS countries in the aforementioned institutions.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204059s
Marko Slavković, Marija Mirić, Marija Simonović
While burnout has been extensively examined across many occupations, medical personnel have been considered one of the most susceptible groups. The prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers is particularly concerning due to its detrimental effect on employee behaviors. It is a prominent factor contributing to staff turnover in healthcare institutions. Burnout is a critical constituent and marker of work-related well-being. The objective of this research is to ascertain the process behind personal burnout by studying many significant factors. Initially, the relationships between job satisfaction, extrinsic motivation, and work-related burnout were examined in order to determine whether and how work-related burnout caused personal burnout. The study made the assumption that job satisfaction was a powerful instrument for fostering positive attitudes towards work and inspiring extrinsic motivation in healthcare professionals, which in turn contributed to employees’ well-being. Therefore, we postulated that extrinsic motivation might serve as a potential predictor of work-related burnout, which may forecast personal burnout among healthcare professionals. The Job Satisfaction Survey, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory were used as the main instruments in a cross–sectional survey to gather the data necessary to accomplish the study objectives. The study sample comprised 218 healthcare professionals employed in five public blood bank units situated in the central area of the Republic of Serbia. The PLS structural equation modeling was applied. First, the analysis determined that job satisfaction had a statistically significant impact on extrinsic motivation and work–related burnout. Second, our research results indicate that work–related burnout is a negative antecedent of personal burnout. On the other hand, the influence of extrinsic motivation on work–related burnout was not statistically significant. Ultimately, we have discovered that work-related burnout serves as a mediator in the relationship between job satisfaction and personal burnout. The originality of the research was reflected in filling the existing literature gap regarding the connection between the variables studied. The study’s uniqueness stems from its distinct conceptualization of the research model. Important implications for healthcare managers were provided regarding the strategy for reducing burnout symptoms and motivating employees through extrinsic factors. It is crucial to focus on increasing awareness among both management and employees on the significance of burnout syndrome and the necessity for early prevention. The issue necessitates a systematic and deliberate approach, involving the cultivation of favorable work mindsets among staff members, placing emphasis on their job satisfaction as the initial priority.
{"title":"WORK-RELATED DETERMINANTS OF WELL-BEING AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS","authors":"Marko Slavković, Marija Mirić, Marija Simonović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204059s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204059s","url":null,"abstract":"While burnout has been extensively examined across many occupations, medical personnel have been considered one of the most susceptible groups. The prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers is particularly concerning due to its detrimental effect on employee behaviors. It is a prominent factor contributing to staff turnover in healthcare institutions. Burnout is a critical constituent and marker of work-related well-being. The objective of this research is to ascertain the process behind personal burnout by studying many significant factors. Initially, the relationships between job satisfaction, extrinsic motivation, and work-related burnout were examined in order to determine whether and how work-related burnout caused personal burnout. The study made the assumption that job satisfaction was a powerful instrument for fostering positive attitudes towards work and inspiring extrinsic motivation in healthcare professionals, which in turn contributed to employees’ well-being. Therefore, we postulated that extrinsic motivation might serve as a potential predictor of work-related burnout, which may forecast personal burnout among healthcare professionals. The Job Satisfaction Survey, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory were used as the main instruments in a cross–sectional survey to gather the data necessary to accomplish the study objectives. The study sample comprised 218 healthcare professionals employed in five public blood bank units situated in the central area of the Republic of Serbia. The PLS structural equation modeling was applied. First, the analysis determined that job satisfaction had a statistically significant impact on extrinsic motivation and work–related burnout. Second, our research results indicate that work–related burnout is a negative antecedent of personal burnout. On the other hand, the influence of extrinsic motivation on work–related burnout was not statistically significant. Ultimately, we have discovered that work-related burnout serves as a mediator in the relationship between job satisfaction and personal burnout. The originality of the research was reflected in filling the existing literature gap regarding the connection between the variables studied. The study’s uniqueness stems from its distinct conceptualization of the research model. Important implications for healthcare managers were provided regarding the strategy for reducing burnout symptoms and motivating employees through extrinsic factors. It is crucial to focus on increasing awareness among both management and employees on the significance of burnout syndrome and the necessity for early prevention. The issue necessitates a systematic and deliberate approach, involving the cultivation of favorable work mindsets among staff members, placing emphasis on their job satisfaction as the initial priority.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204173d
Jovana N. Đorđević
Among professionals dealing with giftedness, one of the commonly accepted purposes for identifying giftedness is providing gifted with adequate pedagogical support, optimal nurturance, cognitive growth, development and opportunities for self-fulfillment. It is also recommended for researchers to choose one position in which giftedness would be understood and setting precise criteria for defining giftedness. In this article, we are interested in identifying giftedness in the domain of visual art expression among preschool children. Some of the general criterions for identifying gifted children include creativity, precocity, high intrinsic motivation, individual speed and approach to learning. The excellence criterion, the rarity criterion, demonstrability criterion, the productivity criterion and the value criterion are given as factors within the Pentagonal theory for identifying the gifted. When it comes to the visual art giftedness as domain-specific giftedness, realm of production is most readily apparent distinction between gifted and non-gifted children. It is presented in children’s artworks. This considers on the one side a child reaching the level of relatively realistic representation in early childhood, and on the other side it is child’s advance in experimentation with form, color, line, composition and other aesthetic properties of a drawing/painting. While having these sets of characteristics of artistically gifted children, we faced the problem in lack of standardized or generally accepted or recommended instruments for this process. Being in this position, we approached developing methodology - procedures, research techniques and instruments, relying on the recommendations given by professionals dealing with artistic development and art giftedness theoretically and through practical research. This methodology, as well as the results achieved through implemented research are presented in the article. With the sample of close to 350 preschool children in our local community, we were able to identify visual art giftedness in around dozen preschoolers, proving our instruments and procedures efficient enough. On the basis of these results, we can further work on improving and refining this methodology reaching as many artistically gifted children as possible, striving to support their giftedness.
{"title":"DEVELOPING METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING GIFTEDNESS IN VISUAL ART EXPRESSION DOMAIN IN PRESCHOOL AGE","authors":"Jovana N. Đorđević","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204173d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204173d","url":null,"abstract":"Among professionals dealing with giftedness, one of the commonly accepted purposes for identifying giftedness is providing gifted with adequate pedagogical support, optimal nurturance, cognitive growth, development and opportunities for self-fulfillment. It is also recommended for researchers to choose one position in which giftedness would be understood and setting precise criteria for defining giftedness. In this article, we are interested in identifying giftedness in the domain of visual art expression among preschool children. Some of the general criterions for identifying gifted children include creativity, precocity, high intrinsic motivation, individual speed and approach to learning. The excellence criterion, the rarity criterion, demonstrability criterion, the productivity criterion and the value criterion are given as factors within the Pentagonal theory for identifying the gifted. When it comes to the visual art giftedness as domain-specific giftedness, realm of production is most readily apparent distinction between gifted and non-gifted children. It is presented in children’s artworks. This considers on the one side a child reaching the level of relatively realistic representation in early childhood, and on the other side it is child’s advance in experimentation with form, color, line, composition and other aesthetic properties of a drawing/painting. While having these sets of characteristics of artistically gifted children, we faced the problem in lack of standardized or generally accepted or recommended instruments for this process. Being in this position, we approached developing methodology - procedures, research techniques and instruments, relying on the recommendations given by professionals dealing with artistic development and art giftedness theoretically and through practical research. This methodology, as well as the results achieved through implemented research are presented in the article. With the sample of close to 350 preschool children in our local community, we were able to identify visual art giftedness in around dozen preschoolers, proving our instruments and procedures efficient enough. On the basis of these results, we can further work on improving and refining this methodology reaching as many artistically gifted children as possible, striving to support their giftedness.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"121 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204001b
Borislav Borisov, Dmitry Lem
Changes are taking place in Uzbekistan, which are characteristic of countries in transition from a centralized to a market economy. The country is entering a new era of development, which has an impact on the overall economic picture. After the presidential elections in 2016, a policy of reform and openness began to be implemented in Uzbekistan, which has a great impact on the political situation in the entire Central Asian region. According to many observers, the scale of political changes is unprecedented in the development of Central Asian countries since their independence. Unlike Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, reforms in Uzbekistan were not carried out under external pressure, but were voluntary and spontaneous with strong internal motivation. Due to the fact that the country realized that the centralized development model was unable to respond effectively to numerous internal and external challenges, it began to accelerate internal reforms, making successive changes to adapt to new realities. The positions of Uzbekistan in the international rating rankings are improving.Despite the successes achieved, the country’s highly centralized governance model does not allow local communities to be effectively involved in the planning and implementation of local policies for economic development. They are not active enough in identifying their infrastructure needs, in preparing community development plans, in implementing projects to modernize or build drinking water, gas and electricity systems, roads, schools and other basic infrastructure and public services. Underestimating the role of local communities in influencing the economic development of their regions is a restraining factor for economic development. Conversely, realizing the role of business organizations in shaping regional policy for local economic development is a great potential that has not yet been fully exploited.To prove this thesis, the authors conducted a survey of the attitude of business organizations in Uzbekistan to cooperation with local authorities. The results show that business representatives do not particularly rely on local authorities to stimulate the economic development of their cities and regions and, for this reason, do not show a particular desire to cooperate with them. This is a challenge, the overcoming of which can give the country a new impetus in terms of the economic development of the regions and settlements.
{"title":"RESEARCH ON READINESS FOR BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS FROM UZBEKISTAN FOR COOPERATION WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES DURING THE FORMATION OF LOCAL ECONOMIC POLICY","authors":"Borislav Borisov, Dmitry Lem","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204001b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204001b","url":null,"abstract":"Changes are taking place in Uzbekistan, which are characteristic of countries in transition from a centralized to a market economy. The country is entering a new era of development, which has an impact on the overall economic picture. After the presidential elections in 2016, a policy of reform and openness began to be implemented in Uzbekistan, which has a great impact on the political situation in the entire Central Asian region. According to many observers, the scale of political changes is unprecedented in the development of Central Asian countries since their independence. Unlike Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, reforms in Uzbekistan were not carried out under external pressure, but were voluntary and spontaneous with strong internal motivation. Due to the fact that the country realized that the centralized development model was unable to respond effectively to numerous internal and external challenges, it began to accelerate internal reforms, making successive changes to adapt to new realities. The positions of Uzbekistan in the international rating rankings are improving.Despite the successes achieved, the country’s highly centralized governance model does not allow local communities to be effectively involved in the planning and implementation of local policies for economic development. They are not active enough in identifying their infrastructure needs, in preparing community development plans, in implementing projects to modernize or build drinking water, gas and electricity systems, roads, schools and other basic infrastructure and public services. Underestimating the role of local communities in influencing the economic development of their regions is a restraining factor for economic development. Conversely, realizing the role of business organizations in shaping regional policy for local economic development is a great potential that has not yet been fully exploited.To prove this thesis, the authors conducted a survey of the attitude of business organizations in Uzbekistan to cooperation with local authorities. The results show that business representatives do not particularly rely on local authorities to stimulate the economic development of their cities and regions and, for this reason, do not show a particular desire to cooperate with them. This is a challenge, the overcoming of which can give the country a new impetus in terms of the economic development of the regions and settlements.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"255 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204101s
Hana Sejfović, Anida Vrcić Amar, Atif Avdović
Fantasy proneness has so far been treated as a trait associated with both pathological and adaptive mechanisms. What also seems to be the case is that both claims are evident and experimentally verified. This is an indicator of the much greater sensitivity with which these traits should be treated. This paper examines the relationship between fantasy proneness with selected indicators of mental health and sociodemographic characteristics with special consideration of the corresponding role of positive and negative affect. Obtained results contribute to detecting the sensitivity traits that seem to categorize fantasy prone individuals into the groups of those under risk for the development of mental health problems and those who are well adapted. This has been done by performing statistical analysis on impact detection methods to achieve significant correlation and determination of fantasy proneness via sociodemographic variables and mental health indicator variables. The results indicate that only marital status is a significant socio-demographic predictor, while all of the mental health indicators have significant direct or indirect impact on fantasy proneness.
{"title":"FANTASY PRONENESS IN ONE’S PSYCHOLOGICAL LIFE AND HEALTH: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY WITH IMPACT ANALYSIS","authors":"Hana Sejfović, Anida Vrcić Amar, Atif Avdović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204101s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204101s","url":null,"abstract":"Fantasy proneness has so far been treated as a trait associated with both pathological and adaptive mechanisms. What also seems to be the case is that both claims are evident and experimentally verified. This is an indicator of the much greater sensitivity with which these traits should be treated. This paper examines the relationship between fantasy proneness with selected indicators of mental health and sociodemographic characteristics with special consideration of the corresponding role of positive and negative affect. Obtained results contribute to detecting the sensitivity traits that seem to categorize fantasy prone individuals into the groups of those under risk for the development of mental health problems and those who are well adapted. This has been done by performing statistical analysis on impact detection methods to achieve significant correlation and determination of fantasy proneness via sociodemographic variables and mental health indicator variables. The results indicate that only marital status is a significant socio-demographic predictor, while all of the mental health indicators have significant direct or indirect impact on fantasy proneness.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204073h
Sanel Hadžiahmetović Jurida, Tanja Pavlović
Compounds, typically defined as words composed of two or more words, are frequently found in everyday English usage. In the field of morphology, a number of word formation processes are present, including compounding as one of the most productive ones. This paper introduces some of the most important notions of the word-formation - noun compounds and adjective compounds. Following the theoretical introduction briefly explaining the structure and types of these compounds, the corpus selected for this article provides a classification of 32 noun compounds and adjective compounds in this study, including a discussion of their structure as well as stress patterns found in the compounds. For the purposes of the analysis, the examples were identified and collected from several women’s magazines, namely various issues of Cosmopolitan magazines, analysed and classified in order to present examples of noun and adjective compounds as well as some metaphorical compounds. In addition to the fact that the meaning of compounds is to a certain degree compositional and easy to comprehend, there are still compounds which may imply metaphorical or figurative meanings, and thus form confusion among speakers of listeners. In this way, compounding is believed to be one of the most productive aspect of language, as it can form as many words and composite words as possible in order to form a completely new meaning, either literal or non-literal. The paper concludes that compounding is considered to be highly productive, especially when interpreting compounds, with a particular focus on nouns and adjectives as heads.
{"title":"NOUN COMPOUNDS AND ADJECTIVE COMPOUNDS IN ENGLISH","authors":"Sanel Hadžiahmetović Jurida, Tanja Pavlović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204073h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204073h","url":null,"abstract":"Compounds, typically defined as words composed of two or more words, are frequently found in everyday English usage. In the field of morphology, a number of word formation processes are present, including compounding as one of the most productive ones. This paper introduces some of the most important notions of the word-formation - noun compounds and adjective compounds. Following the theoretical introduction briefly explaining the structure and types of these compounds, the corpus selected for this article provides a classification of 32 noun compounds and adjective compounds in this study, including a discussion of their structure as well as stress patterns found in the compounds. For the purposes of the analysis, the examples were identified and collected from several women’s magazines, namely various issues of Cosmopolitan magazines, analysed and classified in order to present examples of noun and adjective compounds as well as some metaphorical compounds. In addition to the fact that the meaning of compounds is to a certain degree compositional and easy to comprehend, there are still compounds which may imply metaphorical or figurative meanings, and thus form confusion among speakers of listeners. In this way, compounding is believed to be one of the most productive aspect of language, as it can form as many words and composite words as possible in order to form a completely new meaning, either literal or non-literal. The paper concludes that compounding is considered to be highly productive, especially when interpreting compounds, with a particular focus on nouns and adjectives as heads.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204033p
Danijela Pavlović, Miloš Pavlović
This research delves into the multifaceted relationship between profitability, liquidity, and various determinants within the banking sector, with a particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. By investigating the experiences and perceptions of bank managers in the Republic of Serbia, we gain a comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic affected key banking performance metrics. The study employs a structured questionnaire distributed to bank directors in major cities, resulting in an 80% response rate.Our analysis of the survey data reveals critical insights into the responses of bank managers, highlighting the significance of corporate governance mechanisms, competition levels, operational efficiency, and liquidity management strategies in shaping a bank’s profitability. Furthermore, we examine how regulatory measures introduced during the pandemic influenced bank performance.In addition to insights from international studies, this paper provides valuable findings specific to the Serbian banking sector. The results offer crucial implications for bank management, policymaking, and future business strategies. They underscore the importance of addressing challenges and seizing opportunities in the evolving banking landscape.
{"title":"ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY IN THE BANKING SECTOR - INSIGHTS FROM BANK MANAGERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA","authors":"Danijela Pavlović, Miloš Pavlović","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204033p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204033p","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into the multifaceted relationship between profitability, liquidity, and various determinants within the banking sector, with a particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. By investigating the experiences and perceptions of bank managers in the Republic of Serbia, we gain a comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic affected key banking performance metrics. The study employs a structured questionnaire distributed to bank directors in major cities, resulting in an 80% response rate.Our analysis of the survey data reveals critical insights into the responses of bank managers, highlighting the significance of corporate governance mechanisms, competition levels, operational efficiency, and liquidity management strategies in shaping a bank’s profitability. Furthermore, we examine how regulatory measures introduced during the pandemic influenced bank performance.In addition to insights from international studies, this paper provides valuable findings specific to the Serbian banking sector. The results offer crucial implications for bank management, policymaking, and future business strategies. They underscore the importance of addressing challenges and seizing opportunities in the evolving banking landscape.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.35120/sciencej0204153s
Saeed Safari, Naijle Malja Imami
The spread of Islam in the Balkans under Ottoman rule along with the emergence of Sufi sects, including the Bektashi order, paved the way for the expansion of Persian literature as a source of Sufi literature in this region and especially in Albania. Over the centuries, the Persian language and literature have maintained their presence and function in the Balkans, and several Sufi figures and intellectuals have chosen Persian as the medium for the expression of their literary creations. Among them, The most well-known Albanian who wrote Persian poetry in the late 19th century is undoubtedly Naim Frasheri (1846-1900). He published his collections of Persian poems, entitled “Tekhayyulāt” in 1885 in Istanbul. In this paper, after an overview of the spread and development of the Persian language and literature in the Balkans and in Albania, Naim’s poems in “Tekhayyulāt” are presented and analysed. The study is grounded on the theory of formalism in literature and aims to apply structural analysis to Naim’s Persian poems. To this end, employing a qualitative approach as the research methodology, two types of analyses are conducted, thematic analysis which reviews the content and the themes of his poems, and then structural analysis which is based on Leech’s theory of linguistic deviation (1969), focuses on the application of three types of linguistic deviations, namely phonological, lexical and grammatical, to enable a structural analysis of the poems. The results of the analysis show that Naim’s Persian poems have limited ranges of themes, and the main theme in his poems is about ‘nature’ while the structural analysis of linguistic deviations in his poems indicates his mastery of the Persian language to express his thoughts in poetic form.
{"title":"A THEMATIC AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TEKHAYYULĀT: THE PROMINENT PERSIAN POETRY COLLECTION BY NAIM FRASHERI","authors":"Saeed Safari, Naijle Malja Imami","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204153s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204153s","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of Islam in the Balkans under Ottoman rule along with the emergence of Sufi sects, including the Bektashi order, paved the way for the expansion of Persian literature as a source of Sufi literature in this region and especially in Albania. Over the centuries, the Persian language and literature have maintained their presence and function in the Balkans, and several Sufi figures and intellectuals have chosen Persian as the medium for the expression of their literary creations. Among them, The most well-known Albanian who wrote Persian poetry in the late 19th century is undoubtedly Naim Frasheri (1846-1900). He published his collections of Persian poems, entitled “Tekhayyulāt” in 1885 in Istanbul. In this paper, after an overview of the spread and development of the Persian language and literature in the Balkans and in Albania, Naim’s poems in “Tekhayyulāt” are presented and analysed. The study is grounded on the theory of formalism in literature and aims to apply structural analysis to Naim’s Persian poems. To this end, employing a qualitative approach as the research methodology, two types of analyses are conducted, thematic analysis which reviews the content and the themes of his poems, and then structural analysis which is based on Leech’s theory of linguistic deviation (1969), focuses on the application of three types of linguistic deviations, namely phonological, lexical and grammatical, to enable a structural analysis of the poems. The results of the analysis show that Naim’s Persian poems have limited ranges of themes, and the main theme in his poems is about ‘nature’ while the structural analysis of linguistic deviations in his poems indicates his mastery of the Persian language to express his thoughts in poetic form.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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