Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.007
M. Panek
Abstract. The decrease in chick survival has been one of the most important reasons for the decline in the abundance of Grey Partridges Perdix perdix in Europe in the recent decades. Therefore, it is important to know the habits of these birds during the period of raising chicks. The habitat use, movements and home range sizes of partridges rearing their chicks up to three weeks old were studied in western Poland in the years 1995–2001. Twenty one pairs with chicks were localized daily by radiotracking. The partridge broods mostly used cereals (54.4% of their locations), but permanent wild vegetation (19.6%) turned out to be preferred. Most locations (56.8%) took place up to 10 m from field edges. The average distance of daily movements was 160 m (range 0–890 m) and was shorter in the diversified landscape of small fields than in the simplified landscape of large fields. The area of home ranges (100% MCP) during the first three weeks of chick's life averaged 12.0 ha (range 2.9–34.1 ha) and no significant differences were found between the two field types. The size of home ranges decreased with the proportion of cereals and wild vegetation in the regions where individual broods occurred. It was concluded that large-scale crop fields create worse living conditions for Grey Partridge broods than more diverse small fields.
{"title":"Habitat Use and Ranging Behaviour in Grey Partridges Perdix perdix during Chick Rearing Period in Western Poland","authors":"M. Panek","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The decrease in chick survival has been one of the most important reasons for the decline in the abundance of Grey Partridges Perdix perdix in Europe in the recent decades. Therefore, it is important to know the habits of these birds during the period of raising chicks. The habitat use, movements and home range sizes of partridges rearing their chicks up to three weeks old were studied in western Poland in the years 1995–2001. Twenty one pairs with chicks were localized daily by radiotracking. The partridge broods mostly used cereals (54.4% of their locations), but permanent wild vegetation (19.6%) turned out to be preferred. Most locations (56.8%) took place up to 10 m from field edges. The average distance of daily movements was 160 m (range 0–890 m) and was shorter in the diversified landscape of small fields than in the simplified landscape of large fields. The area of home ranges (100% MCP) during the first three weeks of chick's life averaged 12.0 ha (range 2.9–34.1 ha) and no significant differences were found between the two field types. The size of home ranges decreased with the proportion of cereals and wild vegetation in the regions where individual broods occurred. It was concluded that large-scale crop fields create worse living conditions for Grey Partridge broods than more diverse small fields.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"209 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.008
Danilo Freitas Rangel, Eduardo Freitas Nobre Da Silva, L. L. Costa
Abstract. Coastal ecosystems provide important feeding opportunities for shorebirds, depending on their prey availability, hydrodynamic conditions and human pressure. We aimed to evaluate short-term responses (occurrence and minimum approach distance) of shorebirds to urbanization and natural drivers on an extensive beach arc adjacent to the largest hypersaline coastal lagoon of South America. The presence of the migrant Sanderling Calidris alba and resident Collared Plover Charadrius collaris was geo-coordinated and for each record and an equivalent number of random points we measured the distance from urban settlements, swash width and invertebrate abundance (food availability) in a snapshot sampling. The distance at which each shorebird flock escaped from humans was determined (minimum approach distance). The occurrence of shorebirds was predicted by food availability, and higher crustacean density was found in areas of shorebird occurrence (37 ± 19 individuals/m2) compared to random points (10 ± 10 individuals/m2). This result highlights the importance of the beach as a feeding area and the need for conservation of shorebirds' prey. The resident Collared Plover delayed their escape from humans in areas closer to urban areas, suggesting a higher tolerance to humans on disturbed beaches, where they can prioritize the food intake rather than vigilance. The larger flocks let the researcher get closer, corroborating the risk-dilution theory stating that flocking behaviour during foraging provides protection of birds from predators. In conclusion, our results showed that monitoring of sandy beaches based on shorebirds' presence and behaviour can be a reliable tool, especially close to coastal lagoons that constitute foraging sites for these charismatic species.
{"title":"Occurrence and Behaviour of Shorebirds Depend on Food Availability and Distance of Beaches from Urban Settlements","authors":"Danilo Freitas Rangel, Eduardo Freitas Nobre Da Silva, L. L. Costa","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Coastal ecosystems provide important feeding opportunities for shorebirds, depending on their prey availability, hydrodynamic conditions and human pressure. We aimed to evaluate short-term responses (occurrence and minimum approach distance) of shorebirds to urbanization and natural drivers on an extensive beach arc adjacent to the largest hypersaline coastal lagoon of South America. The presence of the migrant Sanderling Calidris alba and resident Collared Plover Charadrius collaris was geo-coordinated and for each record and an equivalent number of random points we measured the distance from urban settlements, swash width and invertebrate abundance (food availability) in a snapshot sampling. The distance at which each shorebird flock escaped from humans was determined (minimum approach distance). The occurrence of shorebirds was predicted by food availability, and higher crustacean density was found in areas of shorebird occurrence (37 ± 19 individuals/m2) compared to random points (10 ± 10 individuals/m2). This result highlights the importance of the beach as a feeding area and the need for conservation of shorebirds' prey. The resident Collared Plover delayed their escape from humans in areas closer to urban areas, suggesting a higher tolerance to humans on disturbed beaches, where they can prioritize the food intake rather than vigilance. The larger flocks let the researcher get closer, corroborating the risk-dilution theory stating that flocking behaviour during foraging provides protection of birds from predators. In conclusion, our results showed that monitoring of sandy beaches based on shorebirds' presence and behaviour can be a reliable tool, especially close to coastal lagoons that constitute foraging sites for these charismatic species.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"217 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.001
D. Marchowski
Abstract. Bycatch, the unintended capture of animals other than target fish, is one of the most important anthropogenic threats to seabirds worldwide. This problem has been relatively little studied, however. The southern Baltic Sea is one of the three areas worldwide with the highest gillnet bycatch. Forty-eight publications from the years 1982–2021 addressing the problem of seabird bycatch in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone (PEEZ) of the Baltic Sea were analysed for the purposes of this paper. Twenty-eight bird species were identified in bycatch, 13 of which have threatened or near-threatened status on the European Red Bird List. The magnitude of the annual bycatch was estimated for three periods: 1970s — 47,000 birds, 1980s and 1990s — 39,800 and 2010s — 21,300 birds. The most frequently bycaught species in the 2010s were Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis (9,000 ind. yearly), Greater Scaup Aythya marila (3,500) and Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca (2,000). Acceptable mortality thresholds calculated using both the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) and the BirdLife International (BLT) methods were found to have been exceeded: for Long-tailed Duck by 175% (PBR) and by 1,061% (BLT); for Greater Scaup by 542% (PBR) and by 3,400% (BLT); for Velvet Scoter by 35% (PBR) and by 495% (BLT). All three species are listed as Vulnerable in Europe. Six distinct bycatch areas have been identified in the PEEZ. Bycatch mitigation is exceedingly difficult to implement: the only effective method currently employed to protect seabirds from bycatch in gillnets involves the temporary closure of bird hotspots to gillnet fishing.
{"title":"Bycatch of Seabirds in the Polish Part of the Southern Baltic Sea in 1970–2018: A Review","authors":"D. Marchowski","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bycatch, the unintended capture of animals other than target fish, is one of the most important anthropogenic threats to seabirds worldwide. This problem has been relatively little studied, however. The southern Baltic Sea is one of the three areas worldwide with the highest gillnet bycatch. Forty-eight publications from the years 1982–2021 addressing the problem of seabird bycatch in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone (PEEZ) of the Baltic Sea were analysed for the purposes of this paper. Twenty-eight bird species were identified in bycatch, 13 of which have threatened or near-threatened status on the European Red Bird List. The magnitude of the annual bycatch was estimated for three periods: 1970s — 47,000 birds, 1980s and 1990s — 39,800 and 2010s — 21,300 birds. The most frequently bycaught species in the 2010s were Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis (9,000 ind. yearly), Greater Scaup Aythya marila (3,500) and Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca (2,000). Acceptable mortality thresholds calculated using both the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) and the BirdLife International (BLT) methods were found to have been exceeded: for Long-tailed Duck by 175% (PBR) and by 1,061% (BLT); for Greater Scaup by 542% (PBR) and by 3,400% (BLT); for Velvet Scoter by 35% (PBR) and by 495% (BLT). All three species are listed as Vulnerable in Europe. Six distinct bycatch areas have been identified in the PEEZ. Bycatch mitigation is exceedingly difficult to implement: the only effective method currently employed to protect seabirds from bycatch in gillnets involves the temporary closure of bird hotspots to gillnet fishing.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"139 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42402890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.006
T. Pakkala, J. Tiainen, H. Pakkala, M. Piha, J. Kouki
Abstract. Cavities provide suitable microhabitats for various organisms. Therefore, cavity excavators are important species in forest environments. We observed large differences in both persistence and occupancy of the cavities of Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus monitored during the whole cavity lifespan in a 33-year study in southern Finland. Of a total of 80 cavities studied, the median persistence time was 17 years, but this varied from a median lifespan of 29 years for cavities in living trees to only 9 years for cavities in dead trees. The expected number of life-span nests of forest bird species per old cavity was 4.2 in living, and only 1.6 in dead trees. Ten bird species utilised the old cavities (most frequently Great Tit Parus major, Grey-headed Woodpecker and Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca). The results show that both suitable living and dead trees should be available for cavity excavators such as the Grey-headed Woodpecker, and that living and dead trees may have different, but important ecological roles for cavity-nesting birds in boreal forests.
{"title":"Dynamics of the Cavities of Grey-Headed Woodpeckers Picus canus Reveal Their Long- and Short-Term Ecological Roles in Boreal Forests","authors":"T. Pakkala, J. Tiainen, H. Pakkala, M. Piha, J. Kouki","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Cavities provide suitable microhabitats for various organisms. Therefore, cavity excavators are important species in forest environments. We observed large differences in both persistence and occupancy of the cavities of Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus monitored during the whole cavity lifespan in a 33-year study in southern Finland. Of a total of 80 cavities studied, the median persistence time was 17 years, but this varied from a median lifespan of 29 years for cavities in living trees to only 9 years for cavities in dead trees. The expected number of life-span nests of forest bird species per old cavity was 4.2 in living, and only 1.6 in dead trees. Ten bird species utilised the old cavities (most frequently Great Tit Parus major, Grey-headed Woodpecker and Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca). The results show that both suitable living and dead trees should be available for cavity excavators such as the Grey-headed Woodpecker, and that living and dead trees may have different, but important ecological roles for cavity-nesting birds in boreal forests.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"199 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45769105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.003
D. L. Bruno, D. Chernieski, M. Francisco
Abstract. Studies on nest-site selection can reveal aspects of habitat requirements of the target species, and can be useful to infer about how habitat changes can affect local populations. The Helmeted Manakin, Antilophia galeata, is a piprid that inhabits mainly the humid gallery forests that occur along watercourses of the savanna-like Cerrado biome from central South America, and like most tropical forest understory passerines, it is poorly known under a nest-site selection perspective. Here we provide nest-site selection assessment based on nine variables for a population of the Helmeted Manakin from southeast Brazil. We found that females strongly selected Miconia nervosa (Melastomataceae) as a nesting plant species. Further, we demonstrated that the presence of nests was positively associated with canopy cover and with the occurrence of the endangered jussara palm trees, Euterpe edulis. These results suggest that the Helmeted Manakin is specialized in reproducing in mature and well-preserved gallery forest tracts. Gallery forests are narrow stripes of riparian vegetation from the endangered Cerrado domain, and here we showed that even in these linear habitats, the Helmeted Manakin can seek for specific portions for nesting. This is one of the few studies reporting nest-site specialization in a Neotropical forest-dwelling passerine.
{"title":"Nest-Site Specialization in the Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata in a Gallery Forest from Southeastern Brazil","authors":"D. L. Bruno, D. Chernieski, M. Francisco","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Studies on nest-site selection can reveal aspects of habitat requirements of the target species, and can be useful to infer about how habitat changes can affect local populations. The Helmeted Manakin, Antilophia galeata, is a piprid that inhabits mainly the humid gallery forests that occur along watercourses of the savanna-like Cerrado biome from central South America, and like most tropical forest understory passerines, it is poorly known under a nest-site selection perspective. Here we provide nest-site selection assessment based on nine variables for a population of the Helmeted Manakin from southeast Brazil. We found that females strongly selected Miconia nervosa (Melastomataceae) as a nesting plant species. Further, we demonstrated that the presence of nests was positively associated with canopy cover and with the occurrence of the endangered jussara palm trees, Euterpe edulis. These results suggest that the Helmeted Manakin is specialized in reproducing in mature and well-preserved gallery forest tracts. Gallery forests are narrow stripes of riparian vegetation from the endangered Cerrado domain, and here we showed that even in these linear habitats, the Helmeted Manakin can seek for specific portions for nesting. This is one of the few studies reporting nest-site specialization in a Neotropical forest-dwelling passerine.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"171 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44066336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.011
A. Wuczyński, J. Betleja, L. Jerzak, W. Król, Paweł Mielczarek, P. Profus, Artur Siekiera, J. Siekiera, Sławomir Springer, Hanna Sztwiertnia, Jakub Szymczak, M. Tobółka, P. Tryjanowski, Maciej Wuczynski
Abstract. Studies of long-term trends in avian populations require large-scale data not available for most bird species. The White Stork Ciconia ciconia is unique being monitored for over a century and well-reflecting modern environmental changes. Its worldwide and national populations are estimated every 10 years thanks to the International White Stork Censuses (IWSC). We present the yet unpublished data of the last IWSC 2014 from the main species stronghold, Poland. We assessed the population size and compared its changes with the previous IWSC 2004 in 23% of the country area, including mountains. We looked for potential drivers of trends among land use transformations, checked population changes along altitudinal gradient, and compared the long-term trends in the global, national and regional populations. In 2014, 2560 pairs (3.61 pairs/100 km2) bred in south-western Poland, a decline by 35.5% compared to 2004. Decreases were strongly inversely related to the altitude, i.e. declines in lowlands were twice as high as in the mountains. Changes in area of grasslands, croplands, forests, and built-up areas were all weak predictors of the decline. Stork decrease in south-western Poland contradicts a stable country-wide trend in 2004–2014 (although the latest countrywide data also suggest a decline), which is inconsistent with the increase of the global population. Heterogeneity in trends indicates that Poland could be currently viewed as a transitional area, lying between large breeding areas inhabited by increasing stork populations. Notably, the western border between areas of increases and decreases coincides with the division into two migratory populations suggesting that the heterogeneity of trends may be related to migration paths and wintering grounds. Overall, our data confirm recent range shift of the species, and show difficulties in drawing general conclusions on stork demography based on regional data.
{"title":"Strong Declines of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia Population in South-Western Poland: A Differentiated Importance of Altitude and Land Use Changes","authors":"A. Wuczyński, J. Betleja, L. Jerzak, W. Król, Paweł Mielczarek, P. Profus, Artur Siekiera, J. Siekiera, Sławomir Springer, Hanna Sztwiertnia, Jakub Szymczak, M. Tobółka, P. Tryjanowski, Maciej Wuczynski","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Studies of long-term trends in avian populations require large-scale data not available for most bird species. The White Stork Ciconia ciconia is unique being monitored for over a century and well-reflecting modern environmental changes. Its worldwide and national populations are estimated every 10 years thanks to the International White Stork Censuses (IWSC). We present the yet unpublished data of the last IWSC 2014 from the main species stronghold, Poland. We assessed the population size and compared its changes with the previous IWSC 2004 in 23% of the country area, including mountains. We looked for potential drivers of trends among land use transformations, checked population changes along altitudinal gradient, and compared the long-term trends in the global, national and regional populations. In 2014, 2560 pairs (3.61 pairs/100 km2) bred in south-western Poland, a decline by 35.5% compared to 2004. Decreases were strongly inversely related to the altitude, i.e. declines in lowlands were twice as high as in the mountains. Changes in area of grasslands, croplands, forests, and built-up areas were all weak predictors of the decline. Stork decrease in south-western Poland contradicts a stable country-wide trend in 2004–2014 (although the latest countrywide data also suggest a decline), which is inconsistent with the increase of the global population. Heterogeneity in trends indicates that Poland could be currently viewed as a transitional area, lying between large breeding areas inhabited by increasing stork populations. Notably, the western border between areas of increases and decreases coincides with the division into two migratory populations suggesting that the heterogeneity of trends may be related to migration paths and wintering grounds. Overall, our data confirm recent range shift of the species, and show difficulties in drawing general conclusions on stork demography based on regional data.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"255 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.005
K. Olsson, Noam Weiss, Shachar Shalev, Jessica Schäckermann
Abstract. The seasonal presence of the Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus in Israel has changed during the last two decades. Up until the late 1990s, it occurred in Israel as a rare spring migrant, but has since been more frequently observed. In the last decade, it has established itself as a regular over-winterer in Eilat, as well as a rare summer visitor. The reasons for this change are unclear; however, this process is concurrent with the invasion of the Dwarf Honey Bee Apis florea to the southern part of Arava, the region extending from the Gulf of Aqaba to the southern tip of the Dead Sea. Similar invasions of this social honey bee, native to East Asia, have been reported from East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Using standardized line transects to count Oriental Honey Buzzard, and by creating a Honeybee Invasion Index (HII) for Dwarf Honey Bee, based on data collected by the Israel Nature and Parks Authority to estimate its distribution, we show that the abundance of overwintering Oriental Honey Buzzard in Eilat is significantly related to the distribution of DHB in southern Arava. We suggest that the invasion of Dwarf Honey Bee in the area facilitates the presence of Oriental Honey Buzzard outside the migration season.
{"title":"Spread of the Invasive Dwarf Honey Bee Apis florea Facilitates Winter Presence of Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus in Eilat, Israel","authors":"K. Olsson, Noam Weiss, Shachar Shalev, Jessica Schäckermann","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The seasonal presence of the Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus in Israel has changed during the last two decades. Up until the late 1990s, it occurred in Israel as a rare spring migrant, but has since been more frequently observed. In the last decade, it has established itself as a regular over-winterer in Eilat, as well as a rare summer visitor. The reasons for this change are unclear; however, this process is concurrent with the invasion of the Dwarf Honey Bee Apis florea to the southern part of Arava, the region extending from the Gulf of Aqaba to the southern tip of the Dead Sea. Similar invasions of this social honey bee, native to East Asia, have been reported from East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Using standardized line transects to count Oriental Honey Buzzard, and by creating a Honeybee Invasion Index (HII) for Dwarf Honey Bee, based on data collected by the Israel Nature and Parks Authority to estimate its distribution, we show that the abundance of overwintering Oriental Honey Buzzard in Eilat is significantly related to the distribution of DHB in southern Arava. We suggest that the invasion of Dwarf Honey Bee in the area facilitates the presence of Oriental Honey Buzzard outside the migration season.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"189 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48680419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The breeding ecology of the Aquatic Warbler was studied on the three largest mires in Belarus in 1998-2004. Numbers of male Aquatic Warblers on these mires range from 6370 to 11500, which is more than 50% of the species world population. In years with favorable nesting conditions breeding success on the three mires varies from 36.3% to 54.1%. In years with significant water level fluctuations and irruptions of shrew populations the breeding success decreases sharply, varying from 2.9% to 27.7%. The main reason for the mortality of eggs and nestlings was predation, probably by small insectivorous mammals. The species is well adapted to the unstable nesting conditions in fen-mires; but in years with serious flooding, high water levels throughout the nesting season, disturbances to the vegetation structure after spring fires or in years with a high density of shrews, breeding success decreases significantly.
{"title":"Breeding Ecology of Aquatic Warblers Acrocephalus paludicola in their Key Habitats in SW Belarus","authors":"L. Vergeichik, A. Kozulin","doi":"10.3161/068.041.0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/068.041.0212","url":null,"abstract":"The breeding ecology of the Aquatic Warbler was studied on the three largest mires in Belarus in 1998-2004. Numbers of male Aquatic Warblers on these mires range from 6370 to 11500, which is more than 50% of the species world population. In years with favorable nesting conditions breeding success on the three mires varies from 36.3% to 54.1%. In years with significant water level fluctuations and irruptions of shrew populations the breeding success decreases sharply, varying from 2.9% to 27.7%. The main reason for the mortality of eggs and nestlings was predation, probably by small insectivorous mammals. The species is well adapted to the unstable nesting conditions in fen-mires; but in years with serious flooding, high water levels throughout the nesting season, disturbances to the vegetation structure after spring fires or in years with a high density of shrews, breeding success decreases significantly.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44223455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phasianid galliform birds do not occur in Europe before the end of the early Oligocene, and their Paleogene fossil record mainly comprises isolated bones. Here we describe a nearly complete and articulated skeleton of a phasianid galliform bird from the late Oligocene of Enspel in Germany. The specimen is assigned to Palaeortyx cf. gallica Milne-Edwards, 1869 and for the first time allows the recognition of cranial and pelvic details in a late Oligocene phasianid. Many gizzard stones are preserved in both the gizzard and the crop, and constitute the earliest fossil evidence for grit use in a phasianid galliform.
{"title":"A Nearly Complete Skeleton of the Fossil Galliform Bird Palaeortyx from the Late Oligocene of Germany","authors":"G. Mayr, M. Poschmann, M. Wuttke","doi":"10.3161/068.041.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/068.041.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Phasianid galliform birds do not occur in Europe before the end of the early Oligocene, and their Paleogene fossil record mainly comprises isolated bones. Here we describe a nearly complete and articulated skeleton of a phasianid galliform bird from the late Oligocene of Enspel in Germany. The specimen is assigned to Palaeortyx cf. gallica Milne-Edwards, 1869 and for the first time allows the recognition of cranial and pelvic details in a late Oligocene phasianid. Many gizzard stones are preserved in both the gizzard and the crop, and constitute the earliest fossil evidence for grit use in a phasianid galliform.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite numerous studies on avian eggs, the function of eggshell patterning remains largely unknown. Using a museum collection of Red-backed Shrike clutches, we estimated the repeatability of characteristics describing the intensity and contrast of egg pigmentation, as well as egg size and shape. Digitalized photographs of eggs were used for all measurements. Repeatability was highest for overall pigmentation intensity and overall pigmentation contrast (R = 0.81 and R = 0.82 respectively). Lower values were recorded for egg breadth (R = 0.66) and shape (R = 0.57). These findings suggest that eggshell patterning, as well as the variables describing egg size and shape, may respond to natural selection. Among the possible functions of this trait, condition signalling within species and mimicry are the most probable. To obtain more evidence of this, however, further studies in wild populations are required.
{"title":"Eggshell Patterning in the Red-Backed Shrike Lanius collurio: Relation to Egg Size and Potential Function","authors":"A. Surmacki, P. Tryjanowski","doi":"10.3161/068.041.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/068.041.0211","url":null,"abstract":"Despite numerous studies on avian eggs, the function of eggshell patterning remains largely unknown. Using a museum collection of Red-backed Shrike clutches, we estimated the repeatability of characteristics describing the intensity and contrast of egg pigmentation, as well as egg size and shape. Digitalized photographs of eggs were used for all measurements. Repeatability was highest for overall pigmentation intensity and overall pigmentation contrast (R = 0.81 and R = 0.82 respectively). Lower values were recorded for egg breadth (R = 0.66) and shape (R = 0.57). These findings suggest that eggshell patterning, as well as the variables describing egg size and shape, may respond to natural selection. Among the possible functions of this trait, condition signalling within species and mimicry are the most probable. To obtain more evidence of this, however, further studies in wild populations are required.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44759740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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