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Population Density and Stability of Breeding Birds in English Oak Woodland Over a 32-Year Period in Relation to Habitat Structure and Edges 英国栎林32年繁殖鸟类种群密度和稳定性与生境结构和边缘的关系
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.004
R. Fuller
Abstract. Long-term breeding bird censuses in Białowieża National Park (BNP), north-east Poland, have revealed rather low densities of birds and high community stability which may be features of near-natural forest conditions. This paper reports on a long-term census of breeding birds in 50 ha of oak woodland in central England which contained both managed and undisturbed areas. New information is provided on breeding bird density and its spatial variation within English mature broadleaved woodland to address two questions: Under what circumstances are English woods likely to support higher densities than those occurring in BNP? Is there evidence that population and community stability is lower in English woodland? The overall bird density was lower than in the BNP oak-hornbeam stands, at the scale of both the whole study area and the undisturbed stands. Densities of three of the five dominant species (Cyanistes caeruleus, Parus major, Troglodytes troglodytes) were lower in BNP, Fringilla coelebs was higher, while Erithacus rubecula was similar. Within the undisturbed stands, densities of seven of 12 species, including T. troglodytes, were similar to those in BNP, two were considerably higher (C. caeruleus, P. major) and one much lower (F. coelebs). Selection of the external woodland edge by several species resulted in relatively high overall densities in the edge zone. The broad composition of the bird community remained fairly stable with the exception of declines in tropical migrants and increases in shrub layer nesters. Temporal abundance patterns of species showed much individuality. Trends of several species appeared to be driven by changes in habitat structure. However, the same species remained numerically dominant or characteristic of the wood throughout the study period. This suggests there was a core of resilient species, much as proposed for BNP. Although caution is needed in drawing conclusions from a single site, with the exception of a small number of species, in recent decades there is unlikely to have been a general pattern of higher densities of birds in English woodland than in BNP. However, some English woods with highly complex vegetation structures, or a high proportion of edge habitat, do have exceptionally high densities (> 100 territories/10 ha).
摘要波兰东北部Białowieża国家公园(BNP)的长期繁殖鸟类普查显示,鸟类密度较低,群落稳定性较高,这可能是近天然森林条件的特征。本文报告了对英格兰中部50公顷橡树林地中繁殖鸟类的长期普查,该林地包括管理区和未受干扰区。提供了关于英国成熟阔叶林中繁殖鸟类密度及其空间变化的新信息,以解决两个问题:在什么情况下,英国森林可能支持比BNP更高的密度?有没有证据表明英国林地的人口和社区稳定性较低?在整个研究区域和未受干扰的林分中,总体鸟类密度都低于BNP橡树角木林分。五种优势种中有三种(蓝斑藻、大斑藻、Troglodytes Troglodytes)在BNP中的密度较低,蓝斑Fringilla coelebs较高,而红斑Erithacus rubecula相似。在未受干扰的林分中,12个物种中有7个物种的密度与BNP中的密度相似,其中两个显著较高(C.caeruleus,P.major),一个更低(F.coelebs)。几个物种对外部林地边缘的选择导致边缘地带的总体密度相对较高。鸟类群落的总体组成保持相当稳定,但热带迁徙鸟类的减少和灌木层巢鸟的增加除外。物种的时间丰度模式表现出很大的个性。几个物种的趋势似乎是由栖息地结构的变化所驱动的。然而,在整个研究期间,相同的物种在数量上仍然占主导地位或是木材的特征。这表明有一个核心的弹性物种,就像为BNP提出的那样。尽管在从单个地点得出结论时需要谨慎,但除了少数物种外,近几十年来,英国林地的鸟类密度不太可能高于BNP。然而,一些植被结构高度复杂或边缘栖息地比例较高的英国树林确实密度极高(>100个地区/10公顷)。
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引用次数: 0
Replacement Broods in a Cavity Nesting Bird Species under High Predation Pressure in Primeval Forest 原始森林中高捕食压力下腔巢鸟类的替代繁殖
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.006
C. Mitrus
Abstract. Predation is one of the most important factors influencing breeding success. Many bird species suffer from high losses because of predators. I studied breeding success and replacement broods in the Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva. The Red-breasted Flycatcher is a small bird breeding in natural holes in dense deciduous and mixed forests of Europe. Data were collected during twelve breeding seasons in a primeval forest, in the Bialowieża National Park, Northeast Poland, the best preserved and protected area of the Białowieża Forest with a rich community of birds and mammals including predators. Almost half of the broods of the Red-breasted Flycatcher were lost and most of them because of predation. In cases where the brood was lost in the period of egg laying or incubation, females tended to lay a replacement clutch. First and replacement nest-sites differed insignificantly in characteristics, but new clutches were always laid in a new site. Out of 68 broods, in which a loss was found, replacement broods were recorded in 47.1% cases. Replacement clutches were much smaller and pairs raised significantly fewer fledglings. The proportions of successful and lost broods were similar in the first and replacement attempts (56.1%, and 46.7%, respectively). Red-breasted Flycatchers choose shallow nest-sites that allow the females to observe their surroundings. This allows the female to escape from the nest when a predator approaches, increasing the possibility of a repeat clutch and the attainment of breeding success in the same season.
摘要捕食是影响繁殖成功的最重要因素之一。由于捕食者的存在,许多鸟类遭受了巨大的损失。我研究了红胸捕蝇蝇的繁殖成功率和替代产卵。红胸捕蝇鸟是一种小型鸟类,在欧洲茂密的落叶和混交林的天然洞穴中繁殖。数据是在波兰东北部Bialowieża国家公园的一个原始森林的12个繁殖季节收集的,该森林是Białowieża森林中保存最完好的保护区,拥有丰富的鸟类和哺乳动物群落,包括食肉动物。几乎有一半的红胸捕蝇鸟的后代消失了,其中大部分是因为被捕食。如果在产卵或孵化期间失去了一窝卵,雌性往往会产下一窝替代的卵。第一巢和替代巢在特征上差异不显著,但新窝总是在新巢中产卵。在发现的68个雏鸟损失中,有47.1%的雏鸟被替换。替换的离合器要小得多,成对的雏鸟数量也明显减少。在第一次和替换尝试中,成功和失败的雏鸟比例相似(分别为56.1%和46.7%)。红胸捕蝇鸟选择较浅的筑巢地点,这样雌性可以观察周围的环境。这使得雌性可以在捕食者接近时逃离巢穴,增加了重复产卵的可能性,并在同一季节成功繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
Do Large Herbivores Have an Important Role in Initiating Tree Cavities Used by Hole-Nesting Birds in European Forests? 在欧洲森林中,大型食草动物在形成洞巢鸟使用的树洞中起重要作用吗?
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.007
R. Broughton, O. Karpińska, K. Kamionka-Kanclerska, M. Maziarz
Abstract. Tree cavities are an essential resource for cavity-dwelling mammals, birds, invertebrates and fungi, and so are important for maintaining forest biodiversity. In North American forests, woodpeckers (Picidae) play a keystone role in cavity creation by excavating holes. However, in European forests many hole-nesting songbirds rely on non-excavated cavities that are formed by fungal decay and compartmentalization after tree damage. Several factors are recognised in initiating non-excavated cavities that are used by hole-nesting birds, including loss of a tree branch or stem breakage, but this topic is poorly studied. Here, we propose that bark stripping by large herbivores (e.g. Red Deer Cervus elaphus and European Bison Bison bonasus) could be another important, and previously overlooked, mechanism for initiating tree cavities that are used by hole-nesting birds. We suggest that, after the initial damage from herbivore bark-stripping, fungal decay can create specific elongated, slit-like cavities, which are particularly important as nest sites for some common forest songbirds. We outline this idea using original observations and evidence from the literature, primarily from the primeval forest in Poland's Białowieża National Park. We also use studies from elsewhere in Europe to show a generally low usage of slit cavities by birds where large herbivores are scarce or absent. We suggest that restoring such animals in European forests could help to restore the abundance and diversity of the tree cavity resource for hole-dwelling species. We encourage future research to investigate this proposal of large herbivores being important agents of tree cavity formation that could enhance biodiversity.
摘要树洞是栖息在洞里的哺乳动物、鸟类、无脊椎动物和真菌的重要资源,因此对维持森林生物多样性很重要。在北美森林中,啄木鸟(云杉科)通过挖洞在洞穴形成中发挥着关键作用。然而,在欧洲森林中,许多洞巢鸣禽依赖于未挖掘的洞穴,这些洞穴是树木受损后真菌腐烂和划分形成的。在启动洞巢鸟类使用的非开挖洞穴时,有几个因素被认识到,包括树枝的损失或树干断裂,但这一主题的研究很少。在这里,我们提出,大型食草动物(如红鹿鹿和欧洲野牛)剥离树皮可能是另一种重要的、以前被忽视的引发树洞的机制,而树洞是筑巢鸟类使用的。我们认为,在食草动物树皮剥离造成最初的破坏后,真菌腐烂会产生特定的细长狭缝状洞穴,这对一些常见的森林鸣禽来说尤其重要。我们利用文献中的原始观察和证据概述了这一想法,这些文献主要来自波兰比亚沃维耶国家公园的原始森林。我们还利用欧洲其他地方的研究表明,在大型食草动物稀少或不存在的地方,鸟类对狭缝腔的使用率普遍较低。我们建议,在欧洲森林中恢复这种动物有助于恢复洞居物种树腔资源的丰富性和多样性。我们鼓励未来的研究调查这一提议,即大型食草动物是树腔形成的重要媒介,可以增强生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
BIAŁOWIEŻA FOREST BIRD SURVEYS: THE END OF AN ERA BiaŁowieŻa森林鸟类调查:一个时代的终结
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.001
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Changes in Breeding Bird Community of a Primeval Temperate Forest: 45 years of Censuses in the Białowieża National Park (Poland) 原始温带森林繁殖鸟类群落的长期变化:比亚沃维耶国家公园(波兰)45年的人口普查
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.005
T. Wesol̸owski, D. Czeszczewik, G. Hebda, M. Maziarz, C. Mitrus, P. Rowiński, G. Neubauer
Abstract. This paper reports the long-term numerical trends of the thirty common forest bird species and explores changes in the community composition in the three main types of old-growth stands in the Białowieża National Park (E Poland, hereafter BNP) over 45 years (1975–2019). We present recent (2015–2019) data on abundance of birds for the seven study plots and pool them with the time series collected since 1975. The numbers of individual bird species strongly fluctuated, with most of the species showing alternating phases (the initial periods of population growth followed by the periods of population decline or stability). The numbers of 19 species increased; maximum growths by c. 3–5% per year included Columba palumbus, Dendrocopos major, Sylvia atricapilla and Regulus ignicapilla. Among a few declining species, Ficedula hypoleuca, Phylloscopus sibilatrix and F. parva experienced the strongest declines, respectively by 4.0%, 2.7% and 2.2% per year. Mostly the same species bred in the plots in the 1970s and in recent years, indicating a stable species pool. The total abundance peaked around 2005, declining thereafter in deciduous stands, but increasing further (along with the species richness) in the coniferous stands. The similarity index between the study plots (beta-diversity) changed little over 45 years; ash-alder and lime-hornbeam stands remained most similar, while coniferous forests stood more apart. The changes found in the old-growth stands of BNP (mostly coniferous fragments) could be partly explained by natural modification of the habitat structure and the processes acting in the large geographical scales, within or outside of the breeding grounds. The long-term studies such as the one in the BNP reported here, provide a basis for the rates of natural turnover in the bird communities in pristine habitats, directly unaffected by human impact.
摘要本文报道了Białowieża国家公园(波兰东部,以下简称BNP) 30种常见森林鸟类的长期数量趋势,并探讨了45年来(1975-2019年)三种主要类型原生林的群落组成变化。我们提供了七个研究地块最近(2015-2019)的鸟类丰度数据,并将其与1975年以来收集的时间序列相结合。鸟类个体数量波动剧烈,大多数物种呈现交替阶段(种群增长的初始阶段随后是种群下降或稳定的时期)。增加了19种;年生长率最高的植物有棕柱、大石斛、小檗和菖蒲。在下降的少数物种中,次生杉(Ficedula hypoleuca)、毛竹(Phylloscopus sibilatrix)和小苗(F. parva)的下降幅度最大,分别为4.0%、2.7%和2.2%。20世纪70年代和近年来在样地繁殖的种类基本相同,表明有一个稳定的物种池。总丰度在2005年前后达到峰值,此后在落叶林分呈下降趋势,而在针叶林分随着物种丰富度的增加而进一步增加。类群间的相似性指数(β -多样性)在45年内变化不大;灰桤木和酸角木的林分最相似,而针叶林的林分间隔更大。这些变化可以部分地解释为生境结构的自然改变以及在繁殖地内外的大地理尺度上发生的过程。长期研究,如BNP在这里报道的研究,为原始栖息地鸟类群落的自然周转率提供了基础,直接不受人类影响。
{"title":"Long-Term Changes in Breeding Bird Community of a Primeval Temperate Forest: 45 years of Censuses in the Białowieża National Park (Poland)","authors":"T. Wesol̸owski, D. Czeszczewik, G. Hebda, M. Maziarz, C. Mitrus, P. Rowiński, G. Neubauer","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper reports the long-term numerical trends of the thirty common forest bird species and explores changes in the community composition in the three main types of old-growth stands in the Białowieża National Park (E Poland, hereafter BNP) over 45 years (1975–2019). We present recent (2015–2019) data on abundance of birds for the seven study plots and pool them with the time series collected since 1975. The numbers of individual bird species strongly fluctuated, with most of the species showing alternating phases (the initial periods of population growth followed by the periods of population decline or stability). The numbers of 19 species increased; maximum growths by c. 3–5% per year included Columba palumbus, Dendrocopos major, Sylvia atricapilla and Regulus ignicapilla. Among a few declining species, Ficedula hypoleuca, Phylloscopus sibilatrix and F. parva experienced the strongest declines, respectively by 4.0%, 2.7% and 2.2% per year. Mostly the same species bred in the plots in the 1970s and in recent years, indicating a stable species pool. The total abundance peaked around 2005, declining thereafter in deciduous stands, but increasing further (along with the species richness) in the coniferous stands. The similarity index between the study plots (beta-diversity) changed little over 45 years; ash-alder and lime-hornbeam stands remained most similar, while coniferous forests stood more apart. The changes found in the old-growth stands of BNP (mostly coniferous fragments) could be partly explained by natural modification of the habitat structure and the processes acting in the large geographical scales, within or outside of the breeding grounds. The long-term studies such as the one in the BNP reported here, provide a basis for the rates of natural turnover in the bird communities in pristine habitats, directly unaffected by human impact.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41422019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Absolute Densities of Breeding Birds in Estonian Forests: A Synthesis 爱沙尼亚森林中繁殖鸟类的绝对密度:一项综合研究
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.003
A. Lõhmus
Abstract. This paper synthesizes all available quantitative information on total breeding densities of Estonian forest bird assemblages, as estimated in territory mapping studies since the 1950s. There have been two approaches, one based on multiple visits (typically 7–8), and the other of reduced effort, developed for long-term monitoring. Compared to these mapping methods, line (strip) transects give ca. 30% lower estimates; they also vary widely. After quality checking, a total of 90 mapping estimates were extracted. The estimates were then integrated into ‘typical densities’ by habitat types, after critically assessing data quality and bias. ‘Typical density’ is conceptualized as a range of common density values in actual topographic, soil, forest-age and landscape conditions, under minor recent thinning influence. It also considers 15–20% underestimation of the territory mapping, which was demonstrated using a case study on post-breeding nest searching of three thrush (Turdus spp.) species. The Estonian forest bird densities show monotonous increases along the stand age, following three alternative shapes related to site productivity: a major increase within 100 years in the most productive forests, a delayed increase (also post 100 years) in pine forests of medium productivity, and slow and slight increases at low-productivity sites. Such density estimates can serve as a basis to analyse deviations in particular conditions and be integrated into land-use scenario-modelling tools across landscapes. It is important to keep the territory mapping approaches to bird census in active use and development, since several issues in conservation and ecosystem functioning cannot be addressed by relative assessments.
摘要本文综合了自20世纪50年代以来在领土测绘研究中估计的爱沙尼亚森林鸟类群落总繁殖密度的所有可用定量信息。有两种方法,一种是基于多次访问(通常为7-8次),另一种是为长期监测而开发的减少工作量的方法。与这些制图方法相比,线(条)样带的估计值低约30%;它们的差异也很大。在质量检查之后,总共提取了90个映射估计。在严格评估数据质量和偏差后,将估计值按栖息地类型整合到“典型密度”中典型密度”被概念化为在最近的轻微疏伐影响下,在实际地形、土壤、森林年龄和景观条件下的一系列常见密度值。它还考虑了对领土测绘的15%-20%的低估,这是通过对三种画眉鸟(Turdus spp.)繁殖后巢穴搜索的案例研究证明的。爱沙尼亚森林鸟类密度随林分年龄单调增加,呈现出与林分生产力有关的三种不同形态:生产力最高的森林在100年内大幅增加,生产力中等的松林延迟增加(也在100年后),生产力低的地点缓慢而轻微增加。这种密度估计可以作为分析特定条件下偏差的基础,并被纳入整个景观的土地利用情景建模工具中。重要的是要积极利用和发展鸟类普查的领土测绘方法,因为相对评估无法解决保护和生态系统功能方面的几个问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Białowieża Forest as a Key Area for Understanding the History of European Forest Bird Communities Białowieża森林是了解欧洲森林鸟类群落历史的关键区域
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.1.002
J. Blondel
Abstract. The last remnants of pristine forests in Europe, especially in the nemoral belt of deciduous and mixed deciduous coniferous trees, are unique for understanding the history, composition and structure of plant and animal communities. This is especially true for the Białowieża forest, NE Poland. The biogeographical history of emblematic forest clades of birds, e.g. woodpeckers, tits and nuthatches, is analyzed from molecular phylogenies which allow to determine their pace and mode of origination and differentiation. The flyways which connect temperate and tropical realms played a major role in the origination and differentiation of many extant lineages. Then, large differences in the structure of bird communities between North American and European forests are discussed and explained in the light of the geographic configuration of major land masses and past climatic changes and upheavals throughout the Neogene. From long term in depth studies in this forest, the composition and structure of bird communities may be used as references for understanding and measuring the processes and mechanisms of change in communities of the western managed forests.
摘要欧洲原始森林的最后残余,特别是落叶和混合落叶针叶树的河口带,对于了解植物和动物群落的历史、组成和结构来说是独特的。波兰东北部的比亚沃维耶森林尤其如此。从分子系统发育角度分析了鸟类象征性森林分支的生物地理历史,如啄木鸟、山雀和胡桃鸟,从而确定了它们的起源和分化速度和模式。连接温带和热带地区的飞行道在许多现存谱系的起源和分化中发挥了重要作用。然后,根据主要陆地的地理配置以及整个新第三纪过去的气候变化和剧变,讨论并解释了北美和欧洲森林之间鸟类群落结构的巨大差异。从对该森林的长期深入研究来看,鸟类群落的组成和结构可作为理解和衡量西部管理森林群落变化过程和机制的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Breeding Biology of the Endangered Burrow-Nesting Lesser Crescent-Chested Puffbird Malacoptila minor 濒危穴居小月牙胸海雀的繁殖生物学
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.004
Hilda Raianne Silva Melo, Januário Conceição Júnior, F. K. Ubaid
Abstract. For many birds breeding success may be related to the availability of nesting sites, particularly in ecologically specialized cavity-nesting birds. For burrow-nesting species, the selection of an appropriate substrate may be fundamental to a successful breeding attempt. The Lesser Crescent-chested Puffbird Malacoptila minor is a bucconid with a restricted distribution, which is found in the states of Maranhão and Piauí, in northeastern Brazil. It is the only bucconid listed as threatened with extinction, and little is known about its natural history. A total of 49 nests were found over three breeding seasons (2017–2020). Nests consist of burrows dug in the ground that are used only once for breeding. Incubation lasted 21.2 ± 1.3 days and the nestlings fledged after 19.5 ± 2.9 days. The nests contained two or three eggs. The mean hatching rate was 0.46 ± 0.47 eggs per nest and the fecundity rate was 1.0 fledgling per female. The production was 0.53 fledglings per nest, apparent reproductive success was 22.4% (N = 49), and was 15.7% (N = 49) when based on Mayfield's protocol. The probability of breeding success per period was greater during the incubation phase than during the nestling phase. Predation was identified as the principal cause of nest failure (77.5%), mainly during the incubation phase. Three predators were identified: the Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous, the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima, and a lizard, the Common Tegu Salvator merianae. Breeding season starts with the onset of rainy season and nest flooding did not appear to be a concern, which contrasts with the available data on other bucconids. The results of the present study are the first data on the breeding biology of the Lesser Crescent-chested Puffbird, and represent an important advance in the understanding of breeding patterns in the Bucconidae.
摘要对许多鸟类来说,繁殖的成功可能与筑巢地点的可用性有关,特别是在生态专业的洞穴筑巢鸟类中。对于洞穴筑巢物种来说,选择合适的基质可能是成功繁殖的基础。小新月胸Puffbird Malacoptila minor是一种分布有限的海滨鸟,分布在巴西东北部的马拉尼昂州和皮亚伊州。它是唯一一个被列为濒临灭绝的海滨,人们对它的自然历史知之甚少。在三个繁殖季节(2017年至2020年)共发现49个巢穴。巢穴由在地里挖出的洞穴组成,这些洞穴只用于繁殖一次。孵化期为21.2±1.3天,孵化期为19.5±2.9天。巢里有两三个蛋。平均孵化率为0.46±0.47个蛋/窝,繁殖力为1.0羽/雌。根据梅菲尔德的方案,每个巢的幼鸟产量为0.53只,明显的繁殖成功率为22.4%(N=49),为15.7%(N=49%)。每个时期繁殖成功的概率在孵化阶段比在筑巢阶段更大。捕食被确定为巢穴失败的主要原因(77.5%),主要发生在孵化阶段。确认了三种捕食者:食蟹狐狸Cerdocyon thou、火蚁Solenopsis saevissima和蜥蜴Common Tegu Salvator meriane。繁殖季节从雨季开始,巢穴泛滥似乎并不令人担忧,这与其他海滨的现有数据形成了鲜明对比。本研究的结果是关于小新月胸蟾蜍繁殖生物学的第一批数据,代表着对蟾蜍科繁殖模式的理解取得了重要进展。
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引用次数: 0
Habitat Determinants and Density of the Endemic Sicilian Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca whitakeri on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy 意大利西西里岛埃特纳火山特有岩鹧鸪的生境决定因素和密度
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.002
S. Anile, M. V. Mazzamuto, M. Valvo
Abstract. The assessment of the conservation status of a species is the first step to prevent local extinction and to plan appropriate, effective and scientifically sound conservation actions, hence knowledge of the distribution, population trends and characteristics of preferred habitat is crucial for the conservation of a species. Galliformes are facing increasing threats related to overhunting, habitat loss and fragmentation, and human disturbance. The Sicilian Rock Partridge (hereafter Rock Partridge) Alectoris graeca whitakeri is a significant conservation unit endemic to Sicily (Italy) classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to a decreasing population. Few studies have been conducted on the occurrence and population density of this subspecies. Here, we estimated its population density and identified which habitat factors drive the occurrence of this species on Mt. Etna. We used a combination of sampling methods (species-specific play-back calls, distance sampling, camera-trapping) to collect count and presence/absence data, which were then integrated into a single habitat model (presence vs. absence). We obtained 24 responses from play-back calls (plus 8 individuals observed while performing the play-back calls), 8 sightings from distance sampling, 6 detections from camera-trapping. Probability of occurrence of Rock Partridge on Mt. Etna was positively driven by shrub and meadow vegetation, whereas its occurrence decreased with an increase in both woody areas (coniferous and deciduous) and elevation. Population density estimated using play-back call data resulted in 0.80 pairs/km2 (95% CI: 0.17–2.22) over an area of 53.7 km2. The density of Rock Partridge on Mt. Etna appeared to have slightly declined and its distribution undergone a contraction since the previous survey. Several potential threats to the Rock Partridge in Sicily are currently increasing and should be mitigated to ensure the long-term survival of this unique population on Mt. Etna, as well as in the whole island of Sicily.
摘要评估一个物种的保护状况是防止当地灭绝和规划适当、有效和科学合理的保护行动的第一步,因此,了解首选栖息地的分布、种群趋势和特征对保护一个物种至关重要。Galliformes正面临着越来越多的威胁,包括过度狩猎、栖息地丧失和破碎化以及人类干扰。西西里岩Partridge(以下简称岩PartridgeAlectoris graeca-whitakeri)是西西里岛(意大利)特有的重要保护单位,由于种群数量减少,被国际自然保护联盟列为近危动物。对该亚种的发生和种群密度的研究很少。在这里,我们估计了它的种群密度,并确定了哪些栖息地因素推动了该物种在埃特纳山的出现。我们使用了多种采样方法(特定物种的回放呼叫、距离采样、相机捕捉)来收集计数和存在/不存在数据,然后将其集成到单个栖息地模型中(存在与不存在)。我们从回放呼叫中获得了24个响应(加上在执行回放呼叫时观察到的8个个体),从距离采样中获得了8个目击,从相机捕捉中获得了6个检测。埃特纳山岩鹧鸪的发生概率受到灌木和草地植被的积极驱动,而其发生率随着木本地区(针叶和落叶)和海拔的增加而降低。使用回放呼叫数据估计的人口密度为0.80对/km2(95%置信区间:0.17–2.22),面积为53.7 km2。自上次调查以来,埃特纳山岩鹧鸪的密度似乎略有下降,其分布也发生了收缩。西西里岛岩鹧鸪面临的几个潜在威胁目前正在增加,应该加以缓解,以确保埃特纳山以及整个西西里岛上这一独特种群的长期生存。
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引用次数: 0
Individual Movements and Habitat Use in Temporary Settlement Areas, Wintering Grounds and Breeding Areas of Saker Falcons Falco cherrug in the Pannonian Basin 潘诺尼亚盆地萨克猎鹰临时定居区、越冬地和繁殖地的个体活动和栖息地利用
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.009
L. Rozsypalová, R. Raab, P. Spakovszky, D. Rymešová, R. Zink, Elena Kmetova–Biro, J. Škrábal, I. Literák
Abstract. Understanding the year-round movement behaviour is fundamental for the effective conservation management of an ecologically important species. In the heavily human-modified landscape of Central Europe, Saker Falcons Falco cherrug have adapted to intensively managed agricultural habitats, often nesting and roosting on electrical pylons. We studied the ranging behaviour and habitat selection of one juvenile and three adult Saker Falcons equipped with GPS/GSM loggers in the Czech Republic and Austria between 2015–2017. Upon release from a rescue centre, the juvenile Saker Falcon used temporary settlement areas (TSAs) with a median size of 231 km2 (minimum convex polygons, MCP 95%). Median of breeding season home ranges for the three adults was 15 km2 over six breeding events. After breeding period, the adults remained close to the nest site, occupying an area with median of 10 km2 until they departed for their autumn migration. Departure dates ranged from 21 September to 9 November. Winter TSA sizes had median of 99 km2. Adults returned to the breeding area between 12 February and 4 March. Annual breeding home ranges overlapped by approximately 84–99% indicating high site fidelity. The most utilised land cover types within winter TSAs included arable land and heterogeneous agricultural areas. Analysis of night-time roosting sites showed a substantial preference for high voltage pylons compared to trees. Our results could benefit conservation planning and species management practices, focusing on both improving the safety of anthropogenic elements and increasing habitat diversity.
摘要了解全年的运动行为是有效保护管理重要生态物种的基础。在中欧人类活动频繁的地区,Saker Falcons Falco cherrug已经适应了集约化管理的农业栖息地,它们经常在电塔上筑巢和栖息。2015-2017年,在捷克和奥地利研究了1只幼鹰和3只成年Saker Falcons装备GPS/GSM记录器的测距行为和栖息地选择。从救援中心释放后,Saker Falcon幼崽使用的临时定居区(tsa)的中位数面积为231平方公里(最小凸多边形,MCP为95%)。在6次繁殖活动中,3只成虫的繁殖季节活动范围中位数为15平方公里。繁殖期结束后,成虫停留在靠近巢地的区域,平均面积为10平方公里,直到它们开始秋季迁徙。出发日期为9月21日至11月9日。冬季TSA大小的中位数为99平方公里。成虫于2月12日至3月4日返回繁殖区。年繁殖范围重叠约84-99%,表明地点保真度高。冬季tsa利用最多的土地覆被类型包括耕地和异质农业区。对夜间栖息地点的分析表明,与树木相比,它们更喜欢高压塔。我们的研究结果可以为保护规划和物种管理实践提供参考,重点是提高人为因素的安全性和增加栖息地的多样性。
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引用次数: 1
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Acta Ornithologica
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