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Home Range, Territory, and Partner Replacement in the Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus 红狐的家庭范围、领地和伴侣替换
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.004
Paulo S. Amorim, André C. Guaraldo, Mariana F. Rossi, Pedro Diniz
The way an animal uses the home range and territory often vary in time according to its breeding state and habitat complexity. Adult dispersal can follow partner replacement, however little is known about seasonal/sex variation in partner replacement in tropical passerines. Here we tested if home range and territory size of the Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus varies between the breeding and non-breeding seasons and if this variation is consistent across three distant populations in Brazil (UFJF, UnB, and MT). In addition, we described the frequency of partner replacements in relation to sex and breeding state in two of those populations (UFJF and UnB). We observed a decrease in 33% and 38% of home range size in the non-breeding season for two sites (UFJF and MT). Territory size decreased by 50% in the non-breeding season in UnB, but this could be due to a lower sampling effort during this season. Nevertheless, the home range expansion is consistent with a higher demand for resources during the breeding season. Home range sizes, but not sizes of territories, varied across sites. We also recorded 26 partner replacements, with no sign of sex or seasonal bias. Most replaced birds disappeared, suggesting that both sexes are under similar mortality risks, a usual main driver of partner replacement. Pair bonds lasted three or more years in 25% of the studied pairs. Altogether, these results provide insights for future studies on underlying mechanisms shaping home ranging, territoriality, and partner replacement in tropical birds that defend year-round territories.
根据动物的繁殖状态和栖息地的复杂性,动物使用家园范围和领土的方式往往会随时间而变化。在热带雀形目动物中,配偶的更替会导致成虫的分散,但人们对配偶更替的季节/性别变化知之甚少。在这里,我们测试了在繁殖期和非繁殖期,红毛狐的栖息地范围和领地大小是否有所变化,以及这种变化在巴西的三个遥远种群(UFJF、UnB和MT)中是否一致。此外,我们还描述了其中两个种群(UFJF和UnB)的伴侣更换频率与性别和繁殖状态的关系。在非繁殖期,两个地点(UFJF和MT)的家范围大小分别减少了33%和38%。在UnB的非繁殖季节,领地面积减少了50%,但这可能是由于该季节取样力度较低。然而,家庭范围的扩大与繁殖季节对资源的更高需求是一致的。家庭范围的大小,而不是领土的大小,在不同的地点有所不同。我们还记录了26次伴侣更换,没有性别或季节偏见的迹象。大多数被替换的鸟类都消失了,这表明两性都面临着相似的死亡风险,这通常是配偶替换的主要原因。在被研究的伴侣中,有25%的伴侣关系持续了三年或更长时间。总之,这些结果为未来的研究提供了见解,这些研究塑造了热带鸟类全年保卫领土的家庭范围、领土和伴侣更换的潜在机制。
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引用次数: 0
Song of the Riverbank Warbler Myiothlypis rivularis: Male Constraints and Female Territorial Signaling 河滨莺之歌:雄性约束与雌性领地信号
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.006
Rafael de Oliveira Fratoni, Lilian Tonelli Manica
Birds defend territories by engaging in potentially costly behaviours, such as vocalizations and aggressive interactions. Songs are usually good proxies of individual quality, thus could help guarantee access and exclusivity to food, sexual partners and nesting sites. We described territorial and vocal behaviours of the Riverbank Warbler Myiothlypis rivularis, a year-round territorial wood-warbler (family Parulidae), and tested for relationships between territory size and individuals' vocal attributes. From October 2018 to April 2019, we banded 14 males and 9 females in the Atlantic Forest of south Brazil. We estimated territory sizes of nine pairs and recorded 10 and 5.4 h of 9 males and 6 females vocalizations, respectively. In male songs, a tradeoff between trill rate and frequency bandwidth indicates mechanical vocal constraints in the production of both parameters. Territory size did not relate to male song parameters, which could signal individual, rather than territorial, quality. However, females with broader bandwidth songs occupied smaller territories. Although the reduced sample size, which precludes generalization, this result may be a first indication of female song acting on territoriality in this species. Overall, this work presents new data on Riverbank Warbler and contributes to the knowledge on vocal tradeoffs in male songs and both male and female territorial behavior for wood-warblers. In addition, we highlight the need for further studies focused on female song, which like male song could be associated with territory defense.
鸟类通过一些可能代价高昂的行为来保卫领地,比如鸣叫和攻击性的互动。歌曲通常是个体质量的良好代表,因此可以帮助保证获得食物、性伴侣和筑巢地点的机会和排他性。我们描述了河岸莺myiothlyypis rivularis的领土和声音行为,并测试了领土大小与个体声音属性之间的关系。从2018年10月到2019年4月,我们在巴西南部的大西洋森林中捆绑了14只雄性和9只雌性。我们估计了9对的领地大小,记录了9对雄性和6对雌性的发声时间分别为10和5.4 h。在男性歌曲中,颤音率和频率带宽之间的权衡表明,在这两个参数的生产机械声乐的限制。领地大小与雄性鸣叫参数无关,鸣叫参数可能表明个体而非领地质量。然而,拥有更宽带宽歌声的雌性占据了更小的领地。虽然减少了样本量,排除了推广,但这一结果可能是该物种中雌歌作用于领土的第一个迹象。总的来说,这项工作提供了关于河岸莺的新数据,并有助于了解雄性歌曲中的声音权衡以及雄性和雌性林莺的领土行为。此外,我们强调有必要进一步研究雌性鸣声,因为雌性鸣声与雄性鸣声一样可能与领土防御有关。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of the Roles Materials Play in Determining Functional Properties of Bird Nests 材料在鸟巢功能特性中的研究进展
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.001
Denis Charles Deeming
Avian nests are crucial to reproduction as they are the site for incubation of the clutch of eggs and, in many cases, it is the location for the rearing of chicks hatched. Despite many years of reports of the characteristics of nests from many species our understanding of their functional properties has been very poor. Over the past few years, interest in the functional properties of nests has increased and this review brings together information regarding how materials used to construct the nest contribute to various functional properties. The review starts with a brief consideration of the various functions of nests but thereafter the focus is on the key roles that it plays during incubation. Details of the variety of materials used in nest construction emphasises the importance of quantitative data on the types and amounts of materials used in nests and how this information allows analysis that can improve our understanding of functional properties. Subsequent sections explore structural and thermal properties of nests in more detail. The roles that a nest can play in maintaining nest humidity and in weather-proofing the contents are also explored. The concept that the nest is an extended phenotype that has a role in niche creation is explored before the review concludes with a consideration of future directions for research.
鸟类的巢对繁殖是至关重要的,因为它们是孵化一窝蛋的地方,在许多情况下,它是孵化小鸡的地方。尽管多年来对许多物种巢穴特征的报道,但我们对它们的功能特性的理解一直很差。在过去的几年里,人们对巢的功能特性的兴趣增加了,这篇综述汇集了关于用于建造巢的材料如何促进各种功能特性的信息。本文首先简要介绍了巢的各种功能,然后重点介绍了巢在孵化过程中所起的关键作用。关于筑巢材料种类的细节强调了筑巢材料种类和数量的定量数据的重要性,以及这些信息如何允许分析,从而提高我们对功能特性的理解。随后的部分将更详细地探讨巢的结构和热性能。探讨了巢在保持巢内湿度和防风雨方面所起的作用。在回顾总结并考虑未来研究方向之前,探讨了巢是在生态位创造中起作用的扩展表型的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Nest Habitat Selection and Nesting Success of Three Ground Nesting Passerines in Post Harvested Rice Fields of North East India 三种地面筑巢雀鸟在印度东北部稻田收获后的巢地选择和筑巢成功率
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.008
Pallavi Nath, Santanu Chakrabarti, Supratim Mukherjee
Set aside fields act as potential nesting habitat and play an important role in nest success of ground nesters in farmlands. Asian countries utilize vast areas of their land as rice fields which along with adjoining habitats act as breeding ground for around 3% bird species in the Indian subcontinent. We investigated contribution of post harvested rice fields and associated habitats in nest success of three passerines within a tropical agricultural area. Nesting ecology of 90 pairs belonging to Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula (n = 25 nests), Bengal Bush Lark Mirafra assamica (n = 32) and Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus (n = 33) was studied from February 2016 to June 2017 in a complex of agricultural fields dominated by fallow stubble in the southern West Bengal, North East India. Nests were found in the stubble fields having uncut rice bases, adjacent cropped or uncropped other fields and levees. Location of the nests and their microhabitats seemed to be the most important factors concerning nesting habitat selection. Nest success was 48%, 34.4% and 21.2% in Skylark, Bush Lark and Pipit respectively. Model estimate of constant Daily Survival Rate (DSR) ranged between 0.90–0.95. Nest survival increased between 1–5% at rice bases for the three species. Pipit nests at rice bases showed 6.5% higher survival rate than open habitat. Nests at the open microhabitat had low nest survival irrespective of species. Model goodness of fit suggested that nest survival was affected mostly by combination of microhabitat and species variables. Results suggested that rice bases in post harvested fallow rice fields might play an important role in nest survival for passerines.
撂荒地作为潜在的筑巢栖息地,对农田地面筑巢的成功与否起着重要作用。亚洲国家利用大片土地作为稻田,这些稻田及其毗邻的栖息地是印度次大陆约3%鸟类的繁殖地。在一个热带农业区,我们调查了收获后稻田和相关栖息地对三种雀鸟筑巢成功的贡献。2016年2月至2017年6月,在印度东北部西孟加拉邦南部以休耕残茬为主的复杂农田中,研究了90对东方云雀Alauda gulgula (n = 25个巢)、孟加拉灌木云雀Mirafra assamica (n = 32个巢)和水田Pipit Anthus rufulus (n = 33个巢)的筑巢生态。在有未刈水稻基地的残茬田、邻近已刈或未刈的其他田和堤防中发现了巢。巢的位置及其微生境似乎是影响巢地选择的最重要因素。云雀、丛云雀和小云雀的筑巢成功率分别为48%、34.4%和21.2%。模型估计的恒定日存活率(DSR)在0.90-0.95之间。三种物种在水稻基地的巢存活率提高了1-5%。水稻基地的巢比露天生境的巢存活率高6.5%。在开放式微生境中,不同种类的巢存活率均较低。模型拟合优度表明,巢存活率主要受微生境和物种变量的共同影响。结果表明,收获后稻田的水稻基地可能对雀鸟的巢生存起重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Differential Flight Strategies of Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in Relation to Sex and Age Class during Spring Migration in the Central Mediterranean 地中海中部春季迁徙中西部沼泽绿绿鹞不同性别和年龄等级的飞行策略差异
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.003
Nicolantonio Agostini, Marco Gustin, Michele Cento, Jost Von Hardenberg, Gianpasquale Chiatante
Several bird species show differential migration in relation to age and/or sex classes, often associated with morphological and behavioural differences. The Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus is a partial migrant, showing a strong sexual dimorphism in size. This species migrates on a broad front, undertaking long water crossings through the Mediterranean Sea. In this study we carried out a two-year survey on the pre-breeding migration of this species at three sites located in the Central Mediterranean region: the islands of Ustica and Panarea (Tyrrhenian Sea) and the Strait of Messina (Peloritani Mountains). The aim of this study was to analyse the flight strategies of this broad front migrant in relation to wind patterns, such as in relation to different sex and age classes. Our results revealed differential flight behaviours among harriers belonging to different sex classes, with adult females less attracted to islands than adult males during a sea crossing, and adult males reaching higher altitude early in the season along a mountain chain. It is suggested that adult males, thanks to their smaller size, use to a larger extent soaring flight by exploiting even weak thermals en route. Unlike the Tyrrhenian islands, few immatures were seen passing along the Peloritani Mountains, probably because they fly at lower altitudes over mainland, passing over areas where they can eventually find prey and/or rest at stop-over site en route. In conclusion, our study shows that the location of the observation post can affect the result concerning migration survey of both sex and age classes in this species, leading to evident bias.
一些鸟类的迁徙表现出与年龄和/或性别等级相关的差异,通常与形态和行为差异有关。西部沼泽鹞马戏团铜绿是一个部分迁移,显示出强烈的性别二态性的大小。这一物种在广阔的前线迁徙,穿越地中海的漫长水域。在这项研究中,我们对该物种在地中海中部地区的三个地点进行了为期两年的繁殖前迁徙调查:乌斯提卡岛和帕纳利亚岛(第勒尼安海)和墨西拿海峡(佩洛里塔尼山脉)。本研究的目的是分析这种宽锋候鸟的飞行策略与风模式的关系,例如与不同性别和年龄阶层的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了不同性别类别的鹞的飞行行为差异,在跨越海洋时,成年雌性比成年雄性更不受岛屿的吸引,成年雄性在季节早期沿着山脉到达更高的高度。研究表明,由于体型较小,成年雄性在更大程度上利用飞行过程中微弱的热气流来进行飞行。与第勒尼安群岛不同,很少有幼鸟经过佩洛里塔尼山脉,可能是因为它们在大陆上空飞行的高度较低,经过的地区最终可以找到猎物,或者在途中的中途停留点休息。总之,我们的研究表明,观察哨的位置会影响该物种性别和年龄阶层的迁移调查结果,导致明显的偏差。
{"title":"Differential Flight Strategies of Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in Relation to Sex and Age Class during Spring Migration in the Central Mediterranean","authors":"Nicolantonio Agostini, Marco Gustin, Michele Cento, Jost Von Hardenberg, Gianpasquale Chiatante","doi":"10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Several bird species show differential migration in relation to age and/or sex classes, often associated with morphological and behavioural differences. The Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus is a partial migrant, showing a strong sexual dimorphism in size. This species migrates on a broad front, undertaking long water crossings through the Mediterranean Sea. In this study we carried out a two-year survey on the pre-breeding migration of this species at three sites located in the Central Mediterranean region: the islands of Ustica and Panarea (Tyrrhenian Sea) and the Strait of Messina (Peloritani Mountains). The aim of this study was to analyse the flight strategies of this broad front migrant in relation to wind patterns, such as in relation to different sex and age classes. Our results revealed differential flight behaviours among harriers belonging to different sex classes, with adult females less attracted to islands than adult males during a sea crossing, and adult males reaching higher altitude early in the season along a mountain chain. It is suggested that adult males, thanks to their smaller size, use to a larger extent soaring flight by exploiting even weak thermals en route. Unlike the Tyrrhenian islands, few immatures were seen passing along the Peloritani Mountains, probably because they fly at lower altitudes over mainland, passing over areas where they can eventually find prey and/or rest at stop-over site en route. In conclusion, our study shows that the location of the observation post can affect the result concerning migration survey of both sex and age classes in this species, leading to evident bias.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":" 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intra-Seasonal Lek Changes of Great Snipe Gallinago media Males in the Northeast of Poland 波兰东北部大鹬雄性体色的季节性变化
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.007
Michał Korniluk, Przemysław Chylarecki
In bird species with a lek mating system, male mating success is usually correlated with time spent at the lek, suggesting strong selection for lek attendance. We studied the lekking of Great Snipe Gallinago media males over 5 breeding seasons in Poland and found that, in apparent contradiction, 75% of males changed leks, often several times, within a single breeding season. GPS-tagged individuals tracked for an average of 31 days visited up to 9 different leks, often visiting 2–3 leks in quick succession within a few hours. Transitions between leks were entirely nocturnal, peaking before midnight. The majority of males that changed leks moved to sites within 50 km of the original lek, but 10% of males dispersed more than 100 km. Lek-switching males typically made several transitions between leks during the breeding season (median = 4), with most mobile birds changing display sites more than 20 times. Lek-switching probabilities showed seasonal variation, with no males changing leks early in the breeding season and frequent changes thereafter. The daily probability of lek change showed large inter-individual variation, allowing two groups of males to be distinguished, those who never or rarely changed leks (mean daily probability of lek change 0.02) and those who frequently changed leks (mean daily probability of lek change 0.23). This type of heterogeneity in male lekking behaviour is consistent with the hot-shot scenario of lek evolution. Here, lekking males with low mating chances should benefit from lek-switching — in contrast to top-ranking males — because changing display site may allow them to find leks with higher mating chances. Furthermore, regardless of its immediate success or failure, lek-switching can be seen as a form of prospecting behaviour that will pay off in future breeding seasons. Consistent with this, many of our lek-switching males moved in a way that suggests informed dispersal. The prevalence of intraseasonal lek switching in different Great Snipe populations across Europe should be assessed using the modern tracking devices, as this behaviour is likely to be much more widespread than reported in many previous studies.
在有韭葱交配系统的鸟类物种中,雄性交配的成功通常与在韭葱处待的时间有关,这表明韭葱的出现有很强的选择性。我们对波兰5个繁殖季节的大鹬雄性的蜕皮情况进行了研究,发现与明显矛盾的是,75%的雄性在一个繁殖季节内蜕皮多次。在平均31天的追踪中,有gps标记的个体访问了多达9个不同的韭葱,经常在几个小时内快速连续访问2-3个韭葱。两个leks之间的转换完全是夜间的,在午夜之前达到顶峰。大部分改变了斑疹的雄斑疹迁移到原斑疹50公里范围内,但有10%的雄斑疹分散到100公里以外。在繁殖季节,雄性雄性通常会在不同的雏鸟之间进行多次转换(中位数= 4),大多数流动鸟类会改变20次以上的展示地点。雄性换套概率呈季节性变化,繁殖季节前期不换套,繁殖季节后期变化频繁。每天换韭黄的概率在个体间差异较大,可以区分出从不换韭黄和很少换韭黄(平均每天换韭黄的概率为0.02)和经常换韭黄(平均每天换韭黄的概率为0.23)两组雄性。这种雄性雄性交配行为的异质性与交配进化的“热枪”情节是一致的。在这里,与排名靠前的雄性相比,交配机会低的雄性应该从交配转换中受益,因为改变展示地点可能会让它们找到交配机会更高的雄性。此外,不管它的直接成功或失败,换羊可以被视为一种勘探行为,将在未来的繁殖季节获得回报。与此相一致的是,我们的许多换种雄性动物以一种表明知情分散的方式移动。应该使用现代跟踪设备评估欧洲不同大鹬种群中季节性内泄漏转换的流行程度,因为这种行为可能比许多先前研究中报道的要广泛得多。
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引用次数: 0
Slow-Exploring Java Sparrows Lonchura oryzivora Hold Higher Reversal Learning Ability 探索缓慢的爪哇麻雀Lonchura oryzivora具有较高的逆向学习能力
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.005
Qiu-Yang Chen, Meng-Yao Shao, Yuan-Xiu Wu, Jia-Yu Wang, Dong-Mei Wan, Jiang-Xia Yin
Individual differences in cognition widely exist in diverse animal taxa. Such cognitive variance is supposed to be influenced by animal personality. While the relationships between various personality traits and performances in diverse cognitive tasks are not consistent, few studies have examined the effects of a particular personality trait on different cognitive abilities. We measured the exploratory behaviour of 35 individuals lab-reared Java Sparrows Lonchura oryzivora with a novel environment test and a novel object test. Three cognitive abilities of birds, for discrimination learning, reversal learning, and inhibitory control, were quantified in three classic cognition tasks (a colour association task, a colour reversal task, and a detour-reaching task). We found no correlation between the exploration and the trials required to pass the colour association task or the detour-reaching task. The slow explorers, however, needed less trials to reach the criterion in the colour reversal task. Our results suggest that slow explorers hold higher reversal learning ability. Slow-exploring style would be advantageous to birds when facing unpredictable environmental changes.
认知的个体差异广泛存在于不同的动物类群中。这种认知差异被认为是受到动物个性的影响。虽然不同人格特质与不同认知任务表现之间的关系并不一致,但很少有研究考察特定人格特质对不同认知能力的影响。我们用一种新的环境测试和一种新的对象测试测量了35只实验室饲养的爪哇麻雀的探索行为。在三个经典的认知任务(颜色联想任务、颜色反转任务和绕道任务)中,对鸟类的辨别学习、反向学习和抑制控制三种认知能力进行了量化。我们发现探索和通过颜色联想任务或绕路任务所需的试验之间没有相关性。然而,速度慢的探索者需要较少的试验来达到颜色反转任务的标准。我们的研究结果表明,慢探险家具有更高的逆向学习能力。当面对不可预测的环境变化时,缓慢探索的风格对鸟类是有利的。
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引用次数: 0
Egg-Focused Aspects of the Reproductive Ecology of Black-Winged Stilts Himantopus himantopus and Pied Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta Coexisting in an Unstable Wetland in the Sahara (Algeria) 撒哈拉(阿尔及利亚)不稳定湿地黑翅高脚猴、黑翅高脚猴和斑翅高脚猴繁殖生态学的卵为中心特征
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.002
Ala-Eddine Adamou, Mohamed Kouidri, Anna Bańbura-Nowak, Jerzy Bańbura
Despite its hyperarid climate, the Sahara Desert encompasses some large oases with extensive but rather fragile wetlands that are inhabited by Charadriforms. In this study we analyse the reproductive ecology of two species of Recurvirostridae, Black-winged Stilts Himantopus himantopus (more numerous) and Pied Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta (less numerous), nesting in an unstable habitat of the Saharan wetland of Chott Ain El Beida, Algeria, North Africa. The onset of egg laying was more stable and similar between years in Black-winged Stilts (15–19 April, on average, N = 315) than in Pied Avocets (13–21 April, on average, N = 73). Black-winged Stilts and Pied Avocets showed opposite yearly trends in egg laying dates. Clutches composed of 4 eggs dominated in both these species. They did not differ in hatching success of complete clutches (on average 73% and 77%, respectively). Average weights of eggs decreased from year to year during 2005–2007, suggesting that the individual quality of breeding birds decreased over the study years, probably corresponding with the progressive deterioration of the habitat. In the Black-winged Stilt, but not in the Pied Avocet, egg sizes decreased with the progress of the laying period. Another difference between egg-related aspects of the breeding ecology of these species was that only in Black-winged Stilts egg shape tended to affect hatching success of clutches, so that clutches of more elongated eggs had higher hatchability. To conclude, some aspects of breeding performance of waders may have a different form even in closely related species, depending on changing ecological conditions.
尽管气候极度干旱,撒哈拉沙漠仍有一些大型绿洲,其中有大片但相当脆弱的湿地,栖息着翼形兽。本研究分析了在北非阿尔及利亚Chott Ain El Beida撒哈拉湿地不稳定栖息地筑巢的黑翅高脚鸟Himantopus Himantopus和斑翅高脚鸟Recurvirostra avosetta两种黑翅高脚鸟的繁殖生态学。黑翅高脚鸟(4月15-19日,平均N = 315)的产蛋开始时间比彩翅高脚鸟(4月13-21日,平均N = 73)的产蛋开始时间更稳定,年份相近。黑翅高跷和斑翅翅高跷在产卵日期上呈现相反的年趋势。在这两个物种中,由4个卵组成的一窝占多数。它们在完全卵窝的孵化成功率上没有差异(平均分别为73%和77%)。2005-2007年期间,蛋的平均重量逐年下降,表明在研究期间繁殖鸟类的个体质量下降,可能与栖息地的逐渐恶化相对应。卵的大小随产蛋期的延长而减小,而斑梨则没有。这些物种繁殖生态学中与卵相关方面的另一个区别是,只有在黑翅高跷中,卵的形状倾向于影响卵的孵化成功率,因此卵越长的卵的孵化率越高。综上所述,涉禽繁殖性能的某些方面,即使在密切相关的物种中,也可能有不同的形式,这取决于不断变化的生态条件。
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引用次数: 0
Minimum Nest Distances, Breeding Success and Use of Shared Cliffs for Andean Condor Vultur gryphus Breeding in Ecuador 厄瓜多尔安第斯秃鹰鹰头狮繁殖的最小巢距、繁殖成功率和共用悬崖的使用
4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2023.58.1.009
Roberto Sanchez Mateos, Freddy Gallo-Viracocha
The reproductive ecology of the Andean Condor Vultur gryphus is poorly known. This note describes reproductive events of individual breeding pairs. We describe the minimum distances between nest sites, breeding success, elevation and the use of nesting cliffs of different breeding pairs of Andean Condors in the north-central Andes of Ecuador. We undertook 840 hours of observations of eight nesting events in areas on an elevational gradient from 2500 m to 4500 m during 2018 and 2019. Nesting events in Ecuador since 1996, were also reviewed which provided us a total of 21 breeding attempts at 16 nest sites. Minimum distances between the sites of breeding attempts were 25 m (since 1996) and 310 m (during the fieldwork). The nearest neighbour distance of Andean Condors simultaneously sharing the same cliff during partially overlapping breeding was 550 m and in different cliffs 2720 m. Breeding success was 0.75 and higher in reused nests. The results present previously unknown information that contributes to reproductive ecology and emphasizes the importance of the cliffs as critical areas for the conservation and permanence of the Andean Condor where management actions are urgent.
安第斯秃鹰鹰头狮的生殖生态鲜为人知。本笔记描述了单个繁殖对的繁殖事件。我们描述了厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉中北部不同繁殖对安第斯秃鹰筑巢地点之间的最小距离,繁殖成功率,海拔和筑巢悬崖的使用。2018年和2019年,我们在海拔2500米至4500米的地区进行了840小时的8次筑巢观测。我们还回顾了1996年以来厄瓜多尔的筑巢事件,共在16个筑巢点进行了21次繁殖尝试。尝试繁殖地点之间的最小距离为25米(1996年以来)和310米(实地调查期间)。部分重叠繁殖时,安第斯秃鹰同时共享同一悬崖的最近邻居距离为550 m,不同悬崖的最近邻居距离为2720 m。重复使用巢穴的繁殖成功率为0.75或更高。研究结果提供了以前未知的信息,这些信息有助于生殖生态学,并强调了悬崖作为安第斯秃鹰保护和永久生存的关键区域的重要性,在那里采取管理行动迫在眉睫。
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引用次数: 0
Where do the Tropical Owls Roost: Multiscale Habitat Variables Explain Roost Site Selection by Two Sympatric Otus Species in the Andaman Archipelago, India 热带猫头鹰在哪里栖息:多尺度栖息地变量解释印度安达曼群岛两种同域Otus物种的栖息地选择
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q3 ORNITHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2022.57.2.006
Shanmugavel Sureshmarimuthu, S. Babu, Nagaraj Kumara Honnavalli, N. Rajeshkumar
Abstract. Understanding the niche differentiation between sympatric species that permit species to coexist and partition resource is the central concept in ecology. In this context, we evaluated the differences in roost site resources between two sympatric Otus species — Andaman Scops-owl Otus balli and Oriental Scops-owl Otus sunia in the Andaman Islands using a multi-scale approach. We measured variables that influence roost site use by owls at three different scales (tree, patch and macro). A total of 38 and 69 independent roost locations of O. balli and O. sunia respectively were recorded. We found that both species showed a high preference for Arecaceae plants at tree scale, possibly for their spiny structures that could offer protection. But both species showed different selection patterns at the patch and macro scales. At the patch scale, O. balli selected roosting sites in patches with relatively mature tree stands (characterised by higher tree height, girth at breast height and canopy cover) with thick understory cover (understory cover, height, and herbaceous elements). In contrast, O. sunia was found to select trees in secondary or highly disturbed forests. Land use and land cover types distinguish both species from their habitat preferences at a macro scale with a very low predicted overlap. The area of potential roost sites is very low for O. balli when compared to O. sunia. Our findings suggest that the two sympatric species' preferences for roost sites are shaped by the characteristics of evergreen forests of the Andaman Islands. Hence, any further changes to this forest type may have adverse effects on the endemic O. balli.
摘要了解同域物种之间的生态位分化,使物种能够共存并分配资源,是生态学的核心概念。在此背景下,我们利用多尺度方法评估了安达曼群岛两种同域猫头鹰——安达曼鸮Otus balli和东方鸮Otus sunia在栖息地资源上的差异。我们在三个不同的尺度(树木、斑块和宏观)上测量了影响猫头鹰栖息地点的变量。分别有38个和69个独立栖息点被记录下来。我们发现这两个物种在树尺度上对槟榔科植物表现出高度的偏好,可能是因为它们的刺状结构可以提供保护。但两个物种在斑块和宏观尺度上表现出不同的选择模式。在斑块尺度上,球蚜选择树木相对成熟(树高、胸围和冠层盖度较高)、林下盖度(林下盖度、高度和草本成分)较厚的斑块为栖息地。与此相反,苏木叶蠹选择次生林或高度扰动林的树木。土地利用和土地覆盖类型在宏观尺度上区分了两种物种及其栖息地偏好,预测重叠度非常低。balli的潜在栖息地面积比O. suunia小得多。我们的研究结果表明,这两个同域物种对栖息地点的偏好是由安达曼群岛常绿森林的特征决定的。因此,对这种森林类型的任何进一步改变都可能对地方性的球孢粉孢产生不利影响。
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Acta Ornithologica
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