Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.009
Adam Zbyryt, Łukasz Dylewski, F. Morelli, T. Sparks, P. Tryjanowski
Abstract. Due to their falling cost, unmanned aerial vehicles, often called drones, are increasingly used as a tool in bird research and conservation. However, behavioural responses of birds to flying drones are still not well understood, for example do birds recognize drones as predators, as benign, or as neutral elements? How do they react to drones? We answered these questions and described the behaviour of birds toward drones during a study with White Stork Ciconia ciconia in north-eastern Poland. We used a small quadrocopter and noted flight initiation distances (FID) of adult storks on nests and behavioural reactions of their young towards drones. During nest inspections by drone, adult White Storks showed FIDs of between 1 and 20 metres, but occasionally did not even flush during drone approaches. FID was mainly affected by breeding stage, but some storks even ignored the working drones close to the nest (14%). Birds that escaped from the nest at the egg stage, returned to it on average within 23 seconds. The most common reactions of young White Storks to the drone were scaring (42%) and akinesis (34%). The rapid return of adult storks to the nest, even when scared away, shows that drones are not an highly invasive tool for examining their breeding outputs, even during the most sensitive period, i.e. egg stage. We believe that drones will soon become an important and common tool in research of the White Stork for determining breeding success and examining nests for hazards, e.g. waste, strings or electrocution risk. Our research can be a useful guide to researchers for predicting stork behaviour during inspection of their nests in the near future.
{"title":"Behavioural Responses of Adult and Young White Storks Ciconia ciconia in Nests to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle","authors":"Adam Zbyryt, Łukasz Dylewski, F. Morelli, T. Sparks, P. Tryjanowski","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Due to their falling cost, unmanned aerial vehicles, often called drones, are increasingly used as a tool in bird research and conservation. However, behavioural responses of birds to flying drones are still not well understood, for example do birds recognize drones as predators, as benign, or as neutral elements? How do they react to drones? We answered these questions and described the behaviour of birds toward drones during a study with White Stork Ciconia ciconia in north-eastern Poland. We used a small quadrocopter and noted flight initiation distances (FID) of adult storks on nests and behavioural reactions of their young towards drones. During nest inspections by drone, adult White Storks showed FIDs of between 1 and 20 metres, but occasionally did not even flush during drone approaches. FID was mainly affected by breeding stage, but some storks even ignored the working drones close to the nest (14%). Birds that escaped from the nest at the egg stage, returned to it on average within 23 seconds. The most common reactions of young White Storks to the drone were scaring (42%) and akinesis (34%). The rapid return of adult storks to the nest, even when scared away, shows that drones are not an highly invasive tool for examining their breeding outputs, even during the most sensitive period, i.e. egg stage. We believe that drones will soon become an important and common tool in research of the White Stork for determining breeding success and examining nests for hazards, e.g. waste, strings or electrocution risk. Our research can be a useful guide to researchers for predicting stork behaviour during inspection of their nests in the near future.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"243 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45378916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.001
L. Tomiałojć
Abstract. The Woodpigeon Columba palumbus is a species generally increasing in numbers in most of its populations, including the urban population, which, two centuries after its emergence, is still expanding across the European Lowland. New for the species is a tendency to form dense breeding aggregations in suitable urban parks, with a corresponding slower increase in some other towns. This trend was driven by the presence of important nest predators, mostly Hooded Crows Corvus corone. Another factor involved was access to open farmland within the economic range of feeding flights. Nesting success (1st brood) in urban habitats free of important predators was up to 50–77% but it fell to only 3–7% when predators appeared. Consequently, some urban populations of the Woodpigeon went into a phase of decline. In the farmland and secondary woods, the nesting success was also variable, ranging between 12 and 42% for unknown reasons. Safe urban populations produced 4–5 times more offspring per pair per season, yet their expansion was rather slow. Therefore, the urban overproduction may contribute to an increase in the total species abundance, owing to (deduced) overspill of recruits to the poorly reproducing subpopulation in the countryside. Alongside other factors such as amelioration of winter conditions and changes in agriculture, this would contribute to the documented growth of the whole population of the species. The shortage of firm data on the pristine breeding success (from extensive natural forests) remains the main obstacle to better understand the population dynamics of this migratory species.
{"title":"Impact of Nest Predators on Migratory Woodpigeons Columba palumbus in Central Europe — Breeding Densities and Nesting Success in Urban Versus Natural Habitats","authors":"L. Tomiałojć","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Woodpigeon Columba palumbus is a species generally increasing in numbers in most of its populations, including the urban population, which, two centuries after its emergence, is still expanding across the European Lowland. New for the species is a tendency to form dense breeding aggregations in suitable urban parks, with a corresponding slower increase in some other towns. This trend was driven by the presence of important nest predators, mostly Hooded Crows Corvus corone. Another factor involved was access to open farmland within the economic range of feeding flights. Nesting success (1st brood) in urban habitats free of important predators was up to 50–77% but it fell to only 3–7% when predators appeared. Consequently, some urban populations of the Woodpigeon went into a phase of decline. In the farmland and secondary woods, the nesting success was also variable, ranging between 12 and 42% for unknown reasons. Safe urban populations produced 4–5 times more offspring per pair per season, yet their expansion was rather slow. Therefore, the urban overproduction may contribute to an increase in the total species abundance, owing to (deduced) overspill of recruits to the poorly reproducing subpopulation in the countryside. Alongside other factors such as amelioration of winter conditions and changes in agriculture, this would contribute to the documented growth of the whole population of the species. The shortage of firm data on the pristine breeding success (from extensive natural forests) remains the main obstacle to better understand the population dynamics of this migratory species.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"139 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.008
F. Worthy, P. Hulme
Abstract. Why foraging animals sometimes leave patches before consuming all available food items is a key question in behavioural ecology. Abandoning some food would appear to be disadvantageous, yet optimal foraging theory demonstrates that this sometimes optimises energy intake rates. Crossbills Loxia are specialist avian granivores that forage on seeds within the cones of many species of conifer in the northern hemisphere. They often abandon a few seeds within cones they have fed upon. We assessed whether seeds left within Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris cones by foraging crossbills were of lower mass or in particular positions within the cone. Crossbills foraged on long cones which have more seeds per cone and heavier seeds, but avoided the longest cones, which typically have thicker scales that require more energy to open. Cones dropped by foraging crossbills contained over four seeds per cone, representing approximately one fifth of those originally present. Crossbills left mostly small or empty seeds (< 2 mg), whereas the average mass of seeds from intact cones sampled from the canopy was 3.6 mg. Infrequently, single seeds of high mass (> 4 mg) were left behind, perhaps mistakenly overlooked during foraging. Such apparent preferential foraging on heavier seeds is probably advantageous, because of the higher energy reward per seed. To directly discriminate between seeds prior to extraction would reduce energy expenditure in foraging. This raises the question of how crossbills could attain this favourable outcome. While cones scales were closed an external cue would be required. After cone scale dehiscence, seeds would be visible to crossbills, allowing them to discriminate visually among seeds and selectively extract heavier seeds, leaving lighter seeds behind within the cone. Dropping cones when few seeds are encountered or as seed mass declines towards the distal scales could be additional components of crossbill foraging strategy.
{"title":"Seed Selection by Crossbills Loxia spp. within Cones of Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris","authors":"F. Worthy, P. Hulme","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Why foraging animals sometimes leave patches before consuming all available food items is a key question in behavioural ecology. Abandoning some food would appear to be disadvantageous, yet optimal foraging theory demonstrates that this sometimes optimises energy intake rates. Crossbills Loxia are specialist avian granivores that forage on seeds within the cones of many species of conifer in the northern hemisphere. They often abandon a few seeds within cones they have fed upon. We assessed whether seeds left within Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris cones by foraging crossbills were of lower mass or in particular positions within the cone. Crossbills foraged on long cones which have more seeds per cone and heavier seeds, but avoided the longest cones, which typically have thicker scales that require more energy to open. Cones dropped by foraging crossbills contained over four seeds per cone, representing approximately one fifth of those originally present. Crossbills left mostly small or empty seeds (< 2 mg), whereas the average mass of seeds from intact cones sampled from the canopy was 3.6 mg. Infrequently, single seeds of high mass (> 4 mg) were left behind, perhaps mistakenly overlooked during foraging. Such apparent preferential foraging on heavier seeds is probably advantageous, because of the higher energy reward per seed. To directly discriminate between seeds prior to extraction would reduce energy expenditure in foraging. This raises the question of how crossbills could attain this favourable outcome. While cones scales were closed an external cue would be required. After cone scale dehiscence, seeds would be visible to crossbills, allowing them to discriminate visually among seeds and selectively extract heavier seeds, leaving lighter seeds behind within the cone. Dropping cones when few seeds are encountered or as seed mass declines towards the distal scales could be additional components of crossbill foraging strategy.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"227 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46445728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.006
Rafael Souza Silva, R. E. Fraga, L. Tomazi, Thatiana Souza Andrade, Magnólia Silveira Silva, A. Schiavetti
Abstract. The Turquoise-fronted Amazon Amazona aestiva is one of the most extensively poached species as a result of illegal trade in Brazil. Reintroduction programs have been increasingly used in the management of these animals in captivity. Several preparatory procedures should be carried out during the pre-release period to characterize the group of animals and subsequently increase the success of reintroduction programs. The most important procedures are temperament assessment and environmental enrichment training, which is expected to influence the behavior of the released birds. This study aimed to assess the temperament of the amazons in captivity and its influence on a reintroduction program. The temperaments of 50 parrots were classified from shy to bold and monitored during five phases of activity throughout the study: environmental enrichment training in captivity, a period of acclimatization in an aviary placed in the release area, the offer of fruit from the release region, dependence on the aviary after it was opened, and post-release food supplementation. Once the animals were released, they were monitored for 18 months. Temperament assessment supported the reintroduction project, because through this information it was possible to predict the individual behaviors of reintroduced animals when dealing with environmental challenges. The purpose of the pre-release environmental enrichment training was to encourage individual amazons to increase exploratory behaviors, and was effective in enhancing the natural behavior of the species and reducing stereotypies. Animals classified as shy required a longer intervention period to achieve the same results since they exhibited greater dependence on the aviary and, consequently, took longer to explore the release area. In the medium term, no significant difference was observed between shy and bold parrots in their departure after opening the aviary, use of supplementary feeding, or survival. Therefore, the activities performed prior to release adequately promoted similar habituation conditions for both profiles.
{"title":"Temperament Assessment and Pre-Release Training in a Reintroduction Program for the Turquoise-Fronted Amazon Amazona aestiva","authors":"Rafael Souza Silva, R. E. Fraga, L. Tomazi, Thatiana Souza Andrade, Magnólia Silveira Silva, A. Schiavetti","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Turquoise-fronted Amazon Amazona aestiva is one of the most extensively poached species as a result of illegal trade in Brazil. Reintroduction programs have been increasingly used in the management of these animals in captivity. Several preparatory procedures should be carried out during the pre-release period to characterize the group of animals and subsequently increase the success of reintroduction programs. The most important procedures are temperament assessment and environmental enrichment training, which is expected to influence the behavior of the released birds. This study aimed to assess the temperament of the amazons in captivity and its influence on a reintroduction program. The temperaments of 50 parrots were classified from shy to bold and monitored during five phases of activity throughout the study: environmental enrichment training in captivity, a period of acclimatization in an aviary placed in the release area, the offer of fruit from the release region, dependence on the aviary after it was opened, and post-release food supplementation. Once the animals were released, they were monitored for 18 months. Temperament assessment supported the reintroduction project, because through this information it was possible to predict the individual behaviors of reintroduced animals when dealing with environmental challenges. The purpose of the pre-release environmental enrichment training was to encourage individual amazons to increase exploratory behaviors, and was effective in enhancing the natural behavior of the species and reducing stereotypies. Animals classified as shy required a longer intervention period to achieve the same results since they exhibited greater dependence on the aviary and, consequently, took longer to explore the release area. In the medium term, no significant difference was observed between shy and bold parrots in their departure after opening the aviary, use of supplementary feeding, or survival. Therefore, the activities performed prior to release adequately promoted similar habituation conditions for both profiles.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"199 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.010
R. Valle, F. Scarton
Abstract. Measuring the productivity of gulls Laridae and terns Sternidae is often difficult, due to natural obstacles of site access and the need to avoid disturbing nesting birds. Drones are increasingly being used for conservational and ecological applications and their use seems to overcome these problems, but data are still scarce on their use to assess breeding success. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness, time consumption, and safety for birds of drone-conducted monitoring of nest-specific hatching success with usual ground surveys of two species of gulls, including Slender-billed Gulls Chroicocephalus genei and Mediterranean Gulls Larus melanocephalus, and two species of terns, including Gull-billed Terns Gelochelidon nilotica and Sandwich Terns Thalasseus sandvicensis, breeding in the Adriatic wetlands of northeast Italy. We studied 400 nests (100 per species distributed in eight plots, each with 50 nests) and found no significant difference between the two methods in determining the number of eggs either laid or hatched per nest for all four focal species. The average coefficient of agreement between methods was high (kappa > 0.80 for all comparisons). The mean time spent determining the hatching success of 50 clutches with a drone (263 sec per plot) was significantly less than with ground surveys (760 sec per plot). There were no apparent negative effects of drone flights on nesting pairs, clutches, or young. Our results suggest that drones allow effective, rapid, and safe measurement of seabird breeding success in coastal areas.
{"title":"Monitoring the Hatching Success of Gulls Laridae and Terns Sternidae: A Comparison of Ground and Drone Methods","authors":"R. Valle, F. Scarton","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2021.56.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Measuring the productivity of gulls Laridae and terns Sternidae is often difficult, due to natural obstacles of site access and the need to avoid disturbing nesting birds. Drones are increasingly being used for conservational and ecological applications and their use seems to overcome these problems, but data are still scarce on their use to assess breeding success. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness, time consumption, and safety for birds of drone-conducted monitoring of nest-specific hatching success with usual ground surveys of two species of gulls, including Slender-billed Gulls Chroicocephalus genei and Mediterranean Gulls Larus melanocephalus, and two species of terns, including Gull-billed Terns Gelochelidon nilotica and Sandwich Terns Thalasseus sandvicensis, breeding in the Adriatic wetlands of northeast Italy. We studied 400 nests (100 per species distributed in eight plots, each with 50 nests) and found no significant difference between the two methods in determining the number of eggs either laid or hatched per nest for all four focal species. The average coefficient of agreement between methods was high (kappa > 0.80 for all comparisons). The mean time spent determining the hatching success of 50 clutches with a drone (263 sec per plot) was significantly less than with ground surveys (760 sec per plot). There were no apparent negative effects of drone flights on nesting pairs, clutches, or young. Our results suggest that drones allow effective, rapid, and safe measurement of seabird breeding success in coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"241 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.011
A. Schaaf, R. A. Ruggera, C. Vivanco, E. Tallei, A. Benavidez, S. Albanesi, L. Rivera, N. Politi
Abstract. Studies dealing with the selection of tree species and characteristics for cavity-nesting birds are important to evaluate the abundance and quality of available resources in the environment. The aim of this study is to characterize the use of trees by woodpecker species in the subtropical piedmont forests of northwestern Argentina by using the analysis of niche selection, breadth and overlap in a total of five woodpecker species of different body size found in these subtropical forests: White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus (small woodpeckers), Golden-olive Woodpecker Colaptes rubiginosus, Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros, Dot-fronted Woodpecker Veniliornis frontalis (medium-sized woodpeckers), and Cream-backed Woodpecker Campephilus leucopogon (largest woodpeckers). From a total of 54 tree species, only 15 were used by these woodpecker species. Primary excavator species were moderate specialists in tree use (Levin's index), and they showed selection according to their availability (Ivlev's index) of four of the fifteen tree species (Calycophyllum multiflorum, Amburana cearensis, Cedrela balansae, Astronium urundeuva) and snags. There was a high overlap (Morisita's overlap index) in the use of tree species between Picumnus cirratus and medium-sized woodpeckers, while less overlap was found between Campephilus leucopogon and other woodpecker species. Both living trees and snags were used by the woodpeckers, although snags were more important for small and medium-sized woodpeckers, whereas living trees were more important for Campephilus leucopogon. Both snags and living trees had a large diameter at breast height (DBH) in > 50 cm. Results show the existence of different cavity-excavation niches for woodpecker species in subtropical forests of Argentina, and they allow us to identify the important relationships between these birds and the available tree species. Thus, the results of this work may be useful to develop sustainable forest management guidelines for this group of birds.
{"title":"Tree Use, Niche Breadth and Overlap for Excavation by Woodpeckers in Subtropical Piedmont Forests of Northwestern Argentina","authors":"A. Schaaf, R. A. Ruggera, C. Vivanco, E. Tallei, A. Benavidez, S. Albanesi, L. Rivera, N. Politi","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Studies dealing with the selection of tree species and characteristics for cavity-nesting birds are important to evaluate the abundance and quality of available resources in the environment. The aim of this study is to characterize the use of trees by woodpecker species in the subtropical piedmont forests of northwestern Argentina by using the analysis of niche selection, breadth and overlap in a total of five woodpecker species of different body size found in these subtropical forests: White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus (small woodpeckers), Golden-olive Woodpecker Colaptes rubiginosus, Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros, Dot-fronted Woodpecker Veniliornis frontalis (medium-sized woodpeckers), and Cream-backed Woodpecker Campephilus leucopogon (largest woodpeckers). From a total of 54 tree species, only 15 were used by these woodpecker species. Primary excavator species were moderate specialists in tree use (Levin's index), and they showed selection according to their availability (Ivlev's index) of four of the fifteen tree species (Calycophyllum multiflorum, Amburana cearensis, Cedrela balansae, Astronium urundeuva) and snags. There was a high overlap (Morisita's overlap index) in the use of tree species between Picumnus cirratus and medium-sized woodpeckers, while less overlap was found between Campephilus leucopogon and other woodpecker species. Both living trees and snags were used by the woodpeckers, although snags were more important for small and medium-sized woodpeckers, whereas living trees were more important for Campephilus leucopogon. Both snags and living trees had a large diameter at breast height (DBH) in > 50 cm. Results show the existence of different cavity-excavation niches for woodpecker species in subtropical forests of Argentina, and they allow us to identify the important relationships between these birds and the available tree species. Thus, the results of this work may be useful to develop sustainable forest management guidelines for this group of birds.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"111 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.006
E. Walters, H. Robles, D. Czeszczewik, Utku Perktaş, G. Pasinelli
1Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA 2Evolutionary Ecology Group (EVECO), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Wilrijk, BELGIUM 3 Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Biological Sciences, ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce, POLAND 4Department of Biology (Biogeography Research Lab, Zoology Section), Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, TURKEY 5Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA 6Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, SWITZERLAND 7Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
{"title":"Conservation and Ecology Of Woodpeckers. Foreword to the 8th International Woodpecker Conference Proceedings","authors":"E. Walters, H. Robles, D. Czeszczewik, Utku Perktaş, G. Pasinelli","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA 2Evolutionary Ecology Group (EVECO), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Wilrijk, BELGIUM 3 Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Biological Sciences, ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce, POLAND 4Department of Biology (Biogeography Research Lab, Zoology Section), Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, TURKEY 5Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA 6Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, SWITZERLAND 7Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"61 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.013
Kyle M. Turner
Abstract. The disputed occurrence of drumming in Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius is due to a lack of sufficient, substantive evidence. In order to obtain a more reliable resource for assessing possible use of drumming in this species, breeding pairs were observed close to potential nest holes in south west France over five years. Drumming was heard in two of the six territories identified and sound recordings were made over four breeding seasons. Analysis of the recorded files consisted of counting and measuring intervals between strikes in all instrumental signals consisting of or containing drumrolls. The results showed that a form of drumming was performed but that it was infrequently produced in a discrete roll. It was usually soft and lacked the regularity of pattern found in the territorial drumrolls of other European woodpeckers. There was also a marked lack of consistency in the amplitude of strikes. As an acoustic signal, this study suggests its principal function to be a communication between partners in relation to the location and construction of a nest site.
{"title":"The Structure and Function of Drumming in the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius","authors":"Kyle M. Turner","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The disputed occurrence of drumming in Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius is due to a lack of sufficient, substantive evidence. In order to obtain a more reliable resource for assessing possible use of drumming in this species, breeding pairs were observed close to potential nest holes in south west France over five years. Drumming was heard in two of the six territories identified and sound recordings were made over four breeding seasons. Analysis of the recorded files consisted of counting and measuring intervals between strikes in all instrumental signals consisting of or containing drumrolls. The results showed that a form of drumming was performed but that it was infrequently produced in a discrete roll. It was usually soft and lacked the regularity of pattern found in the territorial drumrolls of other European woodpeckers. There was also a marked lack of consistency in the amplitude of strikes. As an acoustic signal, this study suggests its principal function to be a communication between partners in relation to the location and construction of a nest site.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"129 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44700589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.003
D. Jakubas, M. Lazarus
Abstract. Knowledge about migration strategy and availability of stop-over sites of globally threatened migratory birds is crucial for the implementation of efficient conservation plan. In this study, we investigated the refuelling strategy of the globally threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola at stop-over sites during the autumn migration in West Europe and Africa (40 and 72 sites, respectively, documented in published works about stop-over ecology and sites). Based on fuel reserves of captured birds we calculated potential maximal range of non-refuelling flight from stop-over sites located on the Atlantic flyway migration route. We tried to verify the hypothesis that Aquatic Warblers are able to cross the Sahara during one non-stop flight. We found that mean range of flights was affected significantly by the stopover geographic location but not by age of the birds and stop-over habitat. Individuals staging in France are able to cover smaller distances (mean 612.7 km) compared to individuals staging in Portugal and Spain (mean 857.5 km), i.e. closer to two important geographical barriers (the Gibraltar Strait and the Sahara desert). However, maximal ranges of the heaviest individuals were longer (2370 km in France and 1998 km in Portugal). Our study suggests that Aquatic Warblers are generally not able to cross the Sahara during one non-stop flight. Only some individuals with high fat loads starting from stop-overs in Portugal may be able to cross the Sahara without refuelling. However, due to diel air temperature pattern in the desert they need to stop at least once to rest and wait for nighttime drop in temperature to continue migration. Within the Sahara there are many small patches of suitable habitats which can facilitate resting and maybe even refuelling. Observed and predicted reduction of available area of stop-over habitats may have serious negative consequences for population dynamics of many land-bird species, including the globally threatened Aquatic Warbler.
{"title":"Autumn Migration Strategy and Stop-Over Sites of the Globally Threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola on the Atlantic Flyway Migration Route","authors":"D. Jakubas, M. Lazarus","doi":"10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/00016454AO2020.55.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Knowledge about migration strategy and availability of stop-over sites of globally threatened migratory birds is crucial for the implementation of efficient conservation plan. In this study, we investigated the refuelling strategy of the globally threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola at stop-over sites during the autumn migration in West Europe and Africa (40 and 72 sites, respectively, documented in published works about stop-over ecology and sites). Based on fuel reserves of captured birds we calculated potential maximal range of non-refuelling flight from stop-over sites located on the Atlantic flyway migration route. We tried to verify the hypothesis that Aquatic Warblers are able to cross the Sahara during one non-stop flight. We found that mean range of flights was affected significantly by the stopover geographic location but not by age of the birds and stop-over habitat. Individuals staging in France are able to cover smaller distances (mean 612.7 km) compared to individuals staging in Portugal and Spain (mean 857.5 km), i.e. closer to two important geographical barriers (the Gibraltar Strait and the Sahara desert). However, maximal ranges of the heaviest individuals were longer (2370 km in France and 1998 km in Portugal). Our study suggests that Aquatic Warblers are generally not able to cross the Sahara during one non-stop flight. Only some individuals with high fat loads starting from stop-overs in Portugal may be able to cross the Sahara without refuelling. However, due to diel air temperature pattern in the desert they need to stop at least once to rest and wait for nighttime drop in temperature to continue migration. Within the Sahara there are many small patches of suitable habitats which can facilitate resting and maybe even refuelling. Observed and predicted reduction of available area of stop-over habitats may have serious negative consequences for population dynamics of many land-bird species, including the globally threatened Aquatic Warbler.","PeriodicalId":50888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ornithologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"23 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49127650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：