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A Tiny Fabry-Perot Interferometer with Postpositional Filter for Measurement of the Thermospheric Wind 用于测量热层风的带后置滤波的微型法布里-珀罗干涉仪
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0089
Houmao Wang, Y. Wang, Jian-Xi Fu
A tiny and low-cost ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) was designed using a filter behind etalon and Galilean telescope system for the thermospheric wind observation with OI 630.0 nm nightglow emissions (~250 km). Based on the instrument, experiments were carried out at Langfang (39.40° N, 116.65° E) site for a rough comparison and Kelan (38.71° N, 111.58° E) site for a detailed validation. Wind results of Langfang experiment are well consistent with measurements of two other FPIs deployed at Xinglong (40.40° N, 117.59° E) and Kelan which are retrieved by the American National Center for Atmospheric Research (A-NCAR). In Kelan experiment, the averaged wind deviation between our FPI and A-NCAR FPI is 11.8 m/s. The averaged deviation of wind measurement error between them is 2.9 m/s. The comparisons suggest good agreement. Then, the analysis of influencing factors was made. The center determination offset has an exponential relation with wind deviation, while the radius calculation offset is linear with wind deviation.
设计了一种小型、低成本的地面法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI),该干涉仪采用标准子后滤光器和伽利略望远镜系统,用于热层风观测,其夜光发射OI为630.0 nm (~250 km)。基于该仪器,分别在廊坊(39.40°N, 116.65°E)和克兰(38.71°N, 111.58°E)进行了初步对比和详细验证。廊坊实验的风场结果与美国国家大气研究中心(A-NCAR)在醒龙(40.40°N, 117.59°E)和克兰的两个fpi的测量结果吻合较好。在Kelan实验中,我们的FPI与A-NCAR FPI之间的平均风偏差为11.8 m/s。两者测风误差的平均偏差为2.9 m/s。这些比较显示出很好的一致性。然后,对影响因素进行了分析。中心确定偏移量与风向偏差呈指数关系,半径计算偏移量与风向偏差呈线性关系。
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引用次数: 3
Mid-Latitude Single Station F region Storm Morphology and Forecast 中纬度单站F区风暴形态及预报
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0007
L. Cander
This paper describes certain aspects of the F region storm morphology based on vertical incidence measurements at single ionosonde station Chilton (51°.60′N, 358°.70′E). The topics discussed include requirements for better understanding of the ionospheric F region morphology and its forecasting under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. A few common storms during the years of low (1996 and 1997) and high (2000 and 2001) solar activity are considered as well as the Short-Term Ionospheric Forecasting (STIF) method by using two representative examples. The merits are stressed of near-real-time use of data to provide more accurate specification of the geomagnetically disturbed ionosphere and forecast its structure few hours in advance.
本文描述了基于Chilton(51°)单电离层监测站垂直入射测量的F区风暴形态的某些方面。60镑,358°.70'E)。讨论的主题包括更好地理解电离层F区形态的要求及其在地磁安静和扰动条件下的预测。本文考虑了太阳活动低年(1996年和1997年)和高年(2000年和2001年)期间的一些常见的风暴,并通过两个代表性的例子讨论了短期电离层预报(STIF)方法。强调了利用近实时数据对地磁扰动电离层进行更精确的描述和提前数小时预测电离层结构的优点。
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引用次数: 1
Gravity Data from the Teboursouk Area (“Diapirs Zone”, Northern Tunisia): Characterization of Deep Structures and Updated Tectonic Pattern 突尼斯北部Teboursouk地区(“Diapirs带”)重力数据:深部构造特征与更新构造格局
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2015-0072
F. Hachani, H. Balti, A. Kadri, M. Gasmi
Located between eastern segments of the Atlas and Tell-Rif oro-genic belts, the “Dome zone” of northern Tunisia is characterized by the juxtaposition of various structures that mainly controlled the long geody-namic history of this part of the south-Tethyan Margin. To better understand the organization and deep extension of these structures, gravity data from the Teboursouk key area are proposed. These data include the plotting of Bouguer anomaly map and related parameters such as vertical and horizontal gradients, upward continuation and Euler solution. Compared to geological and structural maps available, they allow the identification of new deep structures and greater precision regarding the characteristics and organization of known ones; consequently, an updated structural pattern is proposed.
位于阿特拉斯和泰尔-里夫造山带东段之间,突尼斯北部的“圆顶带”的特点是各种构造并置于一起,这些构造主要控制着南特提斯边缘这部分地区漫长的地质动力学历史。为了更好地了解这些构造的组织和深度扩展,提出了Teboursouk关键区域的重力数据。这些数据包括布格异常图的绘制和相关参数,如垂直和水平梯度、向上延拓和欧拉解。与现有的地质和构造图相比,它们可以识别新的深层构造,并且在已知构造的特征和组织方面具有更高的精度;因此,提出了一种更新的结构模式。
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引用次数: 10
Intra Plate Stresses Using Finite Element Modelling 板内应力有限元模拟
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0050
S. Jayalakshmi, S. Raghukanth
One of the most challenging problems in the estimation of seismic hazard is the ability to quantify seismic activity. Empirical models based on the available earthquake catalogue are often used to obtain activity of source regions. The major limitation with this approach is the lack of sufficient data near a specified source. The non-availability of data poses difficulties in obtaining distribution of earthquakes with large return periods. Such events recur over geological time scales during which tectonic processes, including mantle convection, formation of faults and new plate boundaries, are likely to take place. The availability of geometries of plate boundaries, plate driving forces, lithospheric stress field and GPS measurements has provided numerous insights on the mechanics of tectonic plates. In this article, a 2D finite element model of Indo-Australian plate is developed with the focus of representing seismic activity in India. The effect of large scale geological features including sedimentary basins, fold belts and cratons on the stress field in India is explored in this study. In order to address long term behaviour, the orientation of stress field and tectonic faults of the present Indo- Australian plate are compared with a reconstructed stress field from the early Miocene (20 Ma).
地震灾害评估中最具挑战性的问题之一是量化地震活动的能力。通常采用基于现有地震目录的经验模型来获得震源区的活动性。这种方法的主要限制是在指定源附近缺乏足够的数据。由于缺乏资料,难以获得大回复期地震的分布。这些事件在地质时间尺度上反复出现,在此期间,可能发生包括地幔对流、断层形成和新的板块边界在内的构造过程。板块边界几何图形、板块驱动力、岩石圈应力场和GPS测量的可用性为构造板块的力学提供了许多见解。本文建立了印澳板块二维有限元模型,重点研究了印度地震活动性。探讨了沉积盆地、褶皱带、克拉通等大型地质特征对印度应力场的影响。本文将现今印澳板块的应力场和构造断裂的方向与早中新世(20 Ma)重建的应力场进行了比较,以研究其长期行为。
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引用次数: 4
Study of Site Effect at Seismic Station Located in Undermined Area of Karviná Region (Czech Republic) 捷克karvin<e:1>地区破坏区地震台站场地效应研究
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0053
M. Lednická, Z. Kaláb
The Karviná region is well known as an area with an intensive mining induced seismicity. The local geological pattern, especially subsurface sedimentary layers, belongs to one of the most important factors that influence the amplification of seismic effect on the surface. In order to investigate the amplification effect, there are used methods of spectral ratio that enable to analyse records of vibrations. In the present study, two methods, signed as SSR (standard spectral ratio) and HVSR (horizontal to vertical spectral ratio), were used for the site effect evaluation. The analysis was performed in the populated Doubrava locality where high seismic loading on the surface due to mining induced seismicity is documented.
karvin地区是众所周知的采矿诱发地震活动密集的地区。局部地质格局,特别是地下沉积层,是影响地表地震效应放大的重要因素之一。为了研究放大效应,常用的谱比方法能够分析振动记录。本研究采用SSR(标准光谱比)和HVSR(水平与垂直光谱比)两种方法进行立地效应评价。分析是在人口稠密的Doubrava地区进行的,那里记录了由于采矿引起的地震活动而对地表产生的高地震荷载。
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引用次数: 1
Removal of Random Noise in Seismic Data by Time-varying Window-length Time-frequency Peak Filtering 时变窗长时频峰值滤波去除地震数据中的随机噪声
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0059
Pengjun Yu, Yue Li, Hongbo Lin, N. Wu
Time-frequency peak filtering (TFPF) is an effective tool for the removal of random noise and can be used to process seismic data with a low signal- to-noise ratio. A crucial aspect of this algorithm is the choice of window length (WL) of the time-frequency distribution. Whereas a fixed WL cannot simultaneously preserve signal and attenuate noise, timevarying WLs can achieve this goal. We propose a new method, L-DVV (delay vector variance), which successfully processes non-stationary signals by using the surrogate to measure the non-linearity of a time series. This method is sensitive to random noise and can accurately recover seismic signal masked by noise. Since the linearity criterion also meets the unbiased estimation criterion of the TFPF algorithm, the L-DVV method can be used for time-varying WL TFPF processing. Analysis of synthetic and real seismic data shows that the time-varying WL TFPF algorithm is effective at removing noise and recovering seismic signal.
时频峰值滤波(TFPF)是一种去除随机噪声的有效方法,可用于处理低信噪比的地震资料。该算法的一个关键方面是时频分布窗口长度的选择。固定的WL不能同时保持信号和衰减噪声,而时变的WL可以实现这一目标。我们提出了一种新的方法,L-DVV(延迟向量方差),它通过使用代理来测量时间序列的非线性,成功地处理了非平稳信号。该方法对随机噪声敏感,能准确地恢复被噪声掩盖的地震信号。由于线性准则也满足TFPF算法的无偏估计准则,因此L-DVV方法可用于时变WL TFPF处理。对合成地震数据和实际地震数据的分析表明,时变WL TFPF算法在去噪和恢复地震信号方面是有效的。
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引用次数: 11
Magnetometry as a Tool to Estimate the Pollution of Marine Environment Around Small Shipwrecks (Gulf of Gdańsk) — Preliminary Results 用磁力计估算小型沉船(Gdańsk湾)周围海洋环境污染的初步结果
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0056
Magdalena Gwizdała, M. Jeleńska, Leszek Łęczyński
Magnetic properties of deposits around the shipwrecks (“Munin” and “Abille”) in the Gulf of Gdańsk were investigated. Values of magnetic susceptibility (χ) are relatively low; however, they reveal significant differences between investigated sites. The values of χ around “Abille” wreck were 5-8×10-8 m3/kg. Around “Munin” wreck results were more diversified reaching value of χ between 3.07×10-8m3/kg and 12.92×10-8 m3/kg. The spatial variability of χ coincided with near-bottom water currents distribution in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Magnetic minerals were identified by thermomagnetic analysis. Around “Abille” wreck we have found magnetite with small amount of maghemite or hematite. The “Munin” sediments include only one magnetic phase; in several samples it is magnetite, in the others — maghemite. Day—Dunlop plot shows that “Abille” set is shifted towards lower magnetization ratio and higher coercivity ratio. The correlation between the distribution of χ and hydrodynamic condition around shipwrecks allows to determine the direction of contaminant transport.
研究了Gdańsk海湾沉船(“Munin”和“Abille”)周围沉积物的磁性。磁化率(χ)值较低;然而,它们揭示了被调查地点之间的显著差异。“阿比勒”号沉船周围的χ值为5-8×10-8 m3/kg。“穆宁”号前后沉船结果的χ值在3.07×10-8m3/kg ~ 12.92×10-8 m3/kg之间的达到值更为多样化。χ的空间变异性与Gdańsk湾近底水流分布一致。利用热磁分析对磁性矿物进行了鉴定。在“阿比勒”号残骸周围,我们发现了磁铁矿和少量的磁铁矿或赤铁矿。“Munin”沉积物只包含一个磁相;在一些样品中是磁铁矿,在其他样品中是磁铁矿。Day-Dunlop图显示,“Abille”集向低磁化比和高矫顽力比方向偏移。χ分布与沉船周围水动力条件之间的相关性可以确定污染物的运输方向。
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引用次数: 2
Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of a Rainfall-Runoff Model with the Combined Use of EPA-SWMM and Genetic Algorithm 基于EPA-SWMM和遗传算法的降雨径流模型敏感性分析与标定
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0062
G. Giudice, R. Padulano
An integrated Visual Basic Application interface is described that allows for sensitivity analysis, calibration and routing of hydraulichydrological models. The routine consists in the combination of three freeware tools performing hydrological modelling, hydraulic modelling and calibration. With such an approach, calibration is made possible even if information about sewers geometrical features is incomplete. Model parameters involve storage coefficient, time of concentration, runoff coefficient, initial abstraction and Manning coefficient; literature formulas are considered and manipulated to obtain novel expressions and variation ranges. A sensitivity analysis with a local method is performed to obtain information about collinearity among parameters and a ranking of influence. The least important parameters are given a fixed value, and for the remaining ones calibration is performed by means of a genetic algorithm implemented in GANetXL. Single-event calibration is performed with a selection of six rainfall events, which are chosen so to avoid non-uniform rainfall distribution; results are then successfully validated with a sequence of four events.
描述了一个集成的Visual Basic应用程序接口,允许敏感性分析,校准和路由的水力水文模型。该程序包括三个免费软件工具的组合,执行水文建模,水力建模和校准。使用这种方法,即使有关下水道几何特征的信息不完整,也可以进行校准。模型参数包括蓄能系数、集中时间、径流系数、初始提取和曼宁系数;文献公式的考虑和操作,以获得新颖的表达和变化范围。用局部方法进行灵敏度分析,获得参数间共线性信息和影响等级。最不重要的参数被给定一个固定值,其余的参数通过GANetXL实现的遗传算法进行校准。选取六个降雨事件进行单事件校准,以避免降雨分布不均匀;然后通过一系列四个事件成功验证结果。
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引用次数: 27
A Theoretical Explanation for Rock Core Disking in Triaxial Unloading Test by Considering Local Tensile Stress 考虑局部拉应力的三轴卸荷试验岩心盘状现象的理论解释
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0068
Hou-Wen Huang, P. Fan, Jie Li, Mingyang Wang, Xiaoli Rong
Rock is a typical inhomogeneous material with a large number of flaws in different scales; the stress field of the rock in its elastic state consists of two parts: the elastic stress, which distributes uniformly in the entire region; and an additional stress, which only exists around the flaws. Theoretical expressions of the additional stress and local stress are derived based on the Maxwell model. Core disking which takes place under the condition that the axial stress is rapidly reduced while the confining pressure is kept unchanged is explained with a new method. Unloading duration’s effect on core disking is analyzed. A new criterion for core disking is presented based on attributing the core disking to the result of the exceedance of local tensile stress over the tensile strength. Based on our theoretical analysis and the conclusions from published resources, core disking is most likely to occur if the maximum principal stress is more than five to six times the tensile strength.
岩石是一种典型的非均质材料,具有大量不同尺度的缺陷;岩石在弹性状态下的应力场由两部分组成:弹性应力场在整个区域内均匀分布;还有额外的压力,这种压力只存在于缺陷周围。基于Maxwell模型推导了附加应力和局部应力的理论表达式。用一种新的方法解释了在保持围压不变的情况下,轴向应力迅速减小的岩心盘状现象。分析了卸载时间对堆芯盘的影响。提出了一种新的岩心盘片判据,将岩心盘片归因于局部拉应力超过抗拉强度的结果。根据我们的理论分析和已发表资源的结论,如果最大主应力大于抗拉强度的5到6倍,则最可能发生岩心盘状。
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引用次数: 11
Extreme Historical Droughts in the South-Eastern Alps — Analyses Based on Standardised Precipitation Index 东南阿尔卑斯历史极端干旱——基于标准化降水指数的分析
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0017
M. Brenčič
Droughts are natural phenomena affecting the environment and human activities. There are various drought definitions and quantitative indices; among them is the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI). In the drought investigations, historical events are poorly characterised and little data are available. To decipher past drought appearances in the southeastern Alps with a focus on Slovenia, precipitation data from HISTALP data repository were taken to identify extreme drought events (SPI ≤ -2.00) from the second half of the 19th century to the present day. Several long-term extreme drought crises were identified in the region (between the years 1888 and 1896; after World War I, during and after World War II). After 1968, drought patterns detected with SPI changed: shorter, extreme droughts with different time patterns appeared. SPI indices of different time spans showed correlated structures in space and between each other, indicating structured relations.
干旱是影响环境和人类活动的自然现象。干旱的定义和定量指标多种多样;其中有标准化降水指数(SPI)。在干旱调查中,历史事件的特征很差,可用的数据也很少。为了破译阿尔卑斯东南部(以斯洛文尼亚为重点)过去的干旱现象,利用来自HISTALP数据库的降水数据来识别19世纪下半叶至今的极端干旱事件(SPI≤-2.00)。在该地区发现了几次长期极端干旱危机(在1888年至1896年之间;1968年以后,SPI检测到的干旱模式发生了变化,出现了时间更短、时间模式不同的极端干旱。不同时间跨度的SPI指数在空间上和彼此之间呈现出相关结构,表明了结构性关系。
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引用次数: 3
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