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Implementation of Elastic Prestack Reverse-Time Migration Using an Efficient Finite-Difference Scheme 利用有效的有限差分格式实现弹性叠前逆时偏移
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0078
Hongyong Yan, Lei Yang, H. Dai, Xiang-Yang Li
Elastic reverse-time migration (RTM) can reflect the underground elastic information more comprehensively than single-component Pwave migration. One of the most important requirements of elastic RTM is to solve wave equations. The imaging accuracy and efficiency of RTM depends heavily on the algorithms used for solving wave equations. In this paper, we propose an efficient staggered-grid finite-difference (SFD) scheme based on a sampling approximation method with adaptive variable difference operator lengths to implement elastic prestack RTM. Numerical dispersion analysis and wavefield extrapolation results show that the sampling approximation SFD scheme has greater accuracy than the conventional Taylor-series expansion SFD scheme. We also test the elastic RTM algorithm on theoretical models and a field data set, respectively. Experiments presented demonstrate that elastic RTM using the proposed SFD scheme can generate better images than that using the Taylor-series expansion SFD scheme, particularly for PS images. FurH. thermore, the application of adaptive variable difference operator lengths can effectively improve the computational efficiency of elastic RTM.
弹性逆时偏移比单分量Pwave偏移更能全面地反映地下弹性信息。弹性RTM最重要的要求之一是求解波动方程。RTM的成像精度和效率在很大程度上取决于求解波动方程的算法。本文提出了一种基于自适应变差分算子长度采样逼近的交错网格有限差分(SFD)算法,实现弹性叠前RTM。数值色散分析和波场外推结果表明,采样近似SFD格式比传统的泰勒级数展开SFD格式具有更高的精度。我们还分别在理论模型和现场数据集上对弹性RTM算法进行了测试。实验结果表明,采用SFD方案的弹性RTM比采用taylor级数展开SFD方案的弹性RTM生成的图像更好,特别是对于PS图像。FurH。另外,自适应变差分算子长度的应用可以有效地提高弹性RTM的计算效率。
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引用次数: 8
High-Resolution Seismic Characterization of Shallow Gas Accumulations in the Southern Shelf of Marmara Sea, Turkey 土耳其马尔马拉海南陆架浅层天然气聚集的高分辨率地震特征
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2015-0059
D. Vardar, B. Alpar
High-resolution seismic survey was conducted to investigate acoustic characteristics of gassy sediments along the southern shelf of the Sea of Marmara. The acoustic turbidity zones outlined within the study area are generally below 2–9 m (2-10 ms TWT) the seafloor whilst this vertical distance varies between 9 and 21 m (10–25 ms TWT) for acoustic blanket type reflections. The gassy sediments cover an area of sea floor of about 45, 110, and 75 km2 in front of Gönen River, Kocasu River, and Gemlik Bay, respectively. The gassy sediments in the center of Gemlik Bay exhibited an elliptical geometry similar to its basin while the others have deltaic forms in front of the rivers. The sea bottom and near surface sedimentary units are made-up of organic-rich sediments, mostly transported by the southern rivers. The gas observed in sediments is thought to be of biogenic origin, which may be caused by degradation of organic matter in the sediment.
采用高分辨率地震测量方法,研究了马尔马拉海南部陆架含气沉积物的声学特征。研究区域内概述的声浊区通常低于海底2-9米(2-10毫秒行波时间),而声毯型反射的垂直距离在9至21米(10-25毫秒行波时间)之间变化。在Gönen河、Kocasu河和Gemlik湾前,气体沉积物分别覆盖了约45、110和75 km2的海底面积。Gemlik湾中心的含气沉积物呈现与其盆地相似的椭圆形几何形状,而其他沉积物在河流前呈三角洲形式。海底和近地表沉积单元由富有机质沉积物组成,主要由南部河流输送。在沉积物中观察到的气体被认为是生物成因的,这可能是由沉积物中的有机物降解引起的。
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引用次数: 13
Earthquake Potential in the Zagros Region, Iran 伊朗扎格罗斯地区的地震潜力
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0080
R. Madahizadeh, M. Mostafazadeh, Shobyr Ashkpour-Motlagh
Seismic strain and b value are used to quantify seismic potential in the Zagros region (Iran). Small b values (0.69 and 0.69) are related to large seismic moment rates (9.96×1017 and 4.12×1017) in southern zones of the Zagros, indicating more frequent large earthquakes. Medium to large b values (0.72 and 0.92) are related to small seismic moment rates (2.94×1016 and 6.80×1016) in middle zones of the Zagros, indicating less frequent large earthquakes. Small b value (0.64) is related to medium seismic moment rate (1.38×1017) in middle to northern zone of the Zagros, indicating frequent large earthquakes. Large b value (0.87) is related to large seismic moment rate (2.29×1017) in northwestern zone, indicating more frequent large earthquakes. Recurrence intervals of large earthquakes (M > 6) are short in southern (10 and 14 years) and northwestern (13 years) zones, while the recurrence intervals are long in the middle (46 and 114 years) and middle to northern (25 years) zones.
地震应变和b值用于量化伊朗Zagros地区的地震潜力。较小的b值(0.69和0.69)与较大的地震矩率(9.96×1017和4.12×1017)有关,表明Zagros南部地区大地震更频繁。中到大的b值(0.72和0.92)与Zagros中部的小地震矩率(2.94×1016和6.80×1016)有关,表明大地震发生频率较低。较小的b值(0.64)与中地震矩率(1.38×1017)有关,表明扎格罗斯中北部地震频繁。b值大(0.87),西北带地震矩率大(2.29×1017),表明大地震发生频率高。南区(10年、14年)和西北区(13年)大地震的复发间隔较短,中部(46年、114年)和中北部(25年)大地震的复发间隔较长。
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引用次数: 3
Practical Implementation of Prestack Kirchhoff Time Migration on a General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit 通用图形处理单元上栈前Kirchhoff时间偏移的实际实现
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0033
Guofeng Liu, C. Li
In this study, we present a practical implementation of prestack Kirchhoff time migration (PSTM) on a general purpose graphic processing unit. First, we consider the three main optimizations of the PSTM GPU code, i.e., designing a configuration based on a reasonable execution, using the texture memory for velocity interpolation, and the application of an intrinsic function in device code. This approach can achieve a speedup of nearly 45 times on a NVIDIA GTX 680 GPU compared with CPU code when a larger imaging space is used, where the PSTM output is a common reflection point that is gathered as I[nx][ny][nh][nt] in matrix format. However, this method requires more memory space so the limited imaging space cannot fully exploit the GPU sources. To overcome this problem, we designed a PSTM scheme with multi-GPUs for imaging different seismic data on different GPUs using an offset value. This process can achieve the peak speedup of GPU PSTM code and it greatly increases the efficiency of the calculations, but without changing the imaging result.
在这项研究中,我们提出了在通用图形处理单元上的叠前基尔霍夫时间偏移(PSTM)的实际实现。首先,我们考虑了PSTM GPU代码的三个主要优化,即设计基于合理执行的配置,使用纹理存储器进行速度插值,以及在设备代码中应用固有函数。当使用更大的成像空间时,这种方法在NVIDIA GTX 680 GPU上与CPU代码相比可以实现近45倍的加速,其中PSTM输出是一个以矩阵格式收集为I[nx][ny][nh][nt]的公共反射点。然而,这种方法需要更多的内存空间,因此有限的成像空间不能充分利用GPU源。为了克服这个问题,我们设计了一个多gpu的PSTM方案,使用偏移值在不同的gpu上对不同的地震数据进行成像。在不改变成像结果的前提下,实现了GPU PSTM代码的峰值加速,大大提高了计算效率。
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引用次数: 3
Scaling Analysis of Time Distribution between Successive Earthquakes in Aftershock Sequences 余震序列中连续地震时间分布的标度分析
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0037
Elisaveta Marekova
The earthquake inter-event time distribution is studied, using catalogs for different recent aftershock sequences. For aftershock sequences following the Modified Omori’s Formula (MOF) it seems clear that the inter-event distribution is a power law. The parameters of this law are defined and they prove to be higher than the calculated value (2–1/p). Based on the analysis of the catalogs, it is determined that the probability densities of the inter-event time distribution collapse into a single master curve when the data is rescaled with instantaneous intensity, R(t; Mth), defined by MOF. The curve is approximated by a gamma distribution. The collapse of the data provides a clear view of aftershock-occurrence self-similarity.
利用不同的近期余震序列目录,研究了地震事件间时间分布。对于遵循修正大森公式(MOF)的余震序列,似乎很明显,事件间分布是幂律。定义了该规律的参数,并证明其高于计算值(2-1 /p)。通过对星表的分析,确定当数据以瞬时强度R(t;m),由MOF定义。这条曲线近似为伽马分布。数据的崩溃提供了余震发生自相似性的清晰视图。
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引用次数: 0
Site-specific Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map of Himachal Pradesh, India. Part II. Hazard Estimation 印度喜马偕尔邦特定地点概率地震危险图。第二部分。风险评估
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0011
Prabhu Muthuganeisan, S. Raghukanth
This article presents site-specific probable seismic hazard of the Himachal Pradesh province, situated in a seismically active region of northwest Himalaya, using the ground motion relations presented in a companion article. Seismic recurrence parameters for all the documented probable sources are established from an updated earthquake catalogue. The contour maps of probable spectral acceleration at 0, 0.2, and 1 s (5% damping) are presented for 475 and 2475 years return periods. Also, the hazard curves and uniform hazard response spectrums are presented for all the important cities in this province. Results indicate that the present codal provision underestimates the seismic hazard at cities of Bilaspur, Shimla, Hamirpur, Chamba, Mandi, and Solan. In addition, regions near Bilaspur and Chamba exhibit higher hazard levels than what is reported in literature.
本文介绍了喜马偕尔邦省的特定地点可能的地震危险,喜马偕尔邦位于喜马拉雅西北部的地震活跃地区,使用了一篇伴随文章中提出的地面运动关系。所有记录的可能震源的地震重现参数都是根据更新的地震目录建立的。给出了475年和2475年回归周期的0、0.2和1 s(5%阻尼)可能谱加速度等高线图。并给出了我省各主要城市的灾害曲线和统一的灾害响应谱。结果表明,目前的法规规定低估了比拉斯普尔、西姆拉、哈米尔普尔、昌巴、曼迪和索兰等城市的地震危险性。此外,比拉斯普尔和昌巴附近地区的危险程度比文献报道的要高。
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引用次数: 19
M9 Tohoku Earthquake Hydro- and Seismic Response in the Caucasus and North Turkey 东北9级地震-高加索和土耳其北部的水文和地震反应
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0022
T. Chelidze, I. Shengelia, N. Zhukova, T. Matcharashvili, G. Melikadze, Genady Kobzev
Presently, there are a lot of observations on the significant impact of strong remote earthquakes on underground water and local seismicity. Teleseismic wave trains of strong earthquakes give rise to several hydraulic effects in boreholes, namely permanent water level changes and water level oscillations, which closely mimic the seismograms (hydro-seismograms). Clear identical anomalies in the deep borehole water levels have been observed on a large part of the territory of Georgia during passing of the S and Love–Rayleigh teleseismic waves (including also multiple surface Rayleigh waves) of the 2011 Tohoku M9 earthquake. The analysis carried out in order to find dynamically triggered events (non-volcanic tremors) of the Tohoku earthquake by the accepted methodology has not revealed a clear tremor signature in the test area: the Caucasus and North Turkey. The possible mechanisms of some seismic signals of unknown origin observed during passage of teleseismic waves of Tohoku earthquake are discussed.
目前,有大量的观测资料表明,强地震对地下水和局地地震活动有显著的影响。强震的远震波列在钻孔中产生几种水力效应,即永久的水位变化和水位振荡,这些效应与地震图(水文地震图)非常相似。在2011年东北9级地震的S和Love-Rayleigh远地震波(也包括多个表面Rayleigh波)传递期间,在格鲁吉亚的大部分地区观察到深钻孔水位明显相同的异常。为了寻找东北地震的动态触发事件(非火山震动),采用公认的方法进行了分析,但在高加索和北土耳其的测试区域没有显示出明确的震动特征。讨论了东北地震远震波传播过程中观测到的一些来源不明的地震信号的可能机制。
{"title":"M9 Tohoku Earthquake Hydro- and Seismic Response in the Caucasus and North Turkey","authors":"T. Chelidze, I. Shengelia, N. Zhukova, T. Matcharashvili, G. Melikadze, Genady Kobzev","doi":"10.1515/acgeo-2016-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/acgeo-2016-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, there are a lot of observations on the significant impact of strong remote earthquakes on underground water and local seismicity. Teleseismic wave trains of strong earthquakes give rise to several hydraulic effects in boreholes, namely permanent water level changes and water level oscillations, which closely mimic the seismograms (hydro-seismograms). Clear identical anomalies in the deep borehole water levels have been observed on a large part of the territory of Georgia during passing of the S and Love–Rayleigh teleseismic waves (including also multiple surface Rayleigh waves) of the 2011 Tohoku M9 earthquake. The analysis carried out in order to find dynamically triggered events (non-volcanic tremors) of the Tohoku earthquake by the accepted methodology has not revealed a clear tremor signature in the test area: the Caucasus and North Turkey. The possible mechanisms of some seismic signals of unknown origin observed during passage of teleseismic waves of Tohoku earthquake are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50898,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geophysica","volume":"64 1","pages":"567-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/acgeo-2016-0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67087979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Erroneous GNSS Strain Rate Patterns and their Application to Investigate the Tectonic Credibility of GNSS Velocities 错误的GNSS应变速率模式及其在GNSS速度构造可信度研究中的应用
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0057
A. Araszkiewicz, M. Figurski, M. Jarosiński
The paper concerns investigation of the credibility of tectonic interpretation of GNSS strain rates. The analysis was focused on stable regions, where the crustal deformations are small and the reliability of GNSS velocities is questionable. We are showing how the unreliable motion of stations affects calculated strains around them. We expressed distribution of local principal strains by a sinusoidal function and used them to investigate the significance of strain distortion. Then we used this method to investigate real motions of GNSS stations. As a test object we used Polish GNSS stations belonging to the ASG-EUPOS network. Station velocities were estimated on the basis of the 4.5 years of observations. The results let us identify stations that disturb the obtained local GNSS strain rate field. After verification and exclusion of some stations, the new GNSS strains show a much greater internal compatibility and also better fit to the directions of lithosphere stresses.
本文探讨了GNSS应变率构造解释的可信度。分析集中在稳定区域,在那里地壳变形很小,GNSS速度的可靠性值得怀疑。我们正在展示台站不可靠的运动如何影响它们周围的计算应变。我们用正弦函数表示局部主应变的分布,并利用它们来研究应变畸变的意义。然后利用该方法对GNSS站的实际运动进行了研究。作为测试对象,我们使用了属于ASG-EUPOS网络的波兰GNSS站。观测站的速度是根据4.5年的观测估计的。结果使我们能够识别干扰获得的局部GNSS应变率场的站点。经过对部分台站的验证和排除,新的GNSS应变显示出更大的内部相容性,也更符合岩石圈应力方向。
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引用次数: 17
A 15-Year Analysis of Surface Ozone Pollution in the Context of Hot Spells Episodes over Poland 在波兰高温事件背景下的15年地表臭氧污染分析
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0067
J. Struzewska, M. Jefimow
Analysis of summertime temperature characteristics and ozone exposure indexes were carried out for eight locations in Poland for a 15-year period (1997–2011). The number of days with the maximum temperature exceeding 25°C and 30°C was calculated for each year. The analysis covered the 8-hour running average and daily maximum of near surface ozone concentrations. Also, the accumulated exposure when ozone concentrations were above 120 μg/m3 (AOT60) was calculated as a diagnostic indicator of adverse health effects for each year. Although high ozone concentrations are associated with hot temperatures, the exposure to values higher than 120 μg /m3 is correlated with the length of the hot weather period rather than with the occurrence of days with extremely high temperatures. In most cases the elevated ozone concentrations occurred during days when the maximum temperature was higher than 24°C. Episodes of very high ozone concentrations, exceeding 180 μg /m3, were not associated with heat wave periods at analysed locations.
对波兰8个地点15年(1997-2011)的夏季温度特征和臭氧暴露指数进行了分析。计算每年最高气温超过25℃和30℃的天数。分析涵盖近地表臭氧浓度的8小时平均值和日最大值。此外,还计算了臭氧浓度超过120 μg/m3 (AOT60)时的累积暴露量,作为每年不良健康影响的诊断指标。虽然高臭氧浓度与高温有关,但高于120 μg /m3的暴露量与炎热天气期的长度相关,而与极端高温天数的发生无关。在大多数情况下,臭氧浓度升高发生在最高温度高于24°C的日子里。在所分析的地点,臭氧浓度超过180 μg /m3的极高浓度与热浪期无关。
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引用次数: 6
Three Dimensional Crustal Density Structure of Central Asia and its Geological Implications 中亚三维地壳密度结构及其地质意义
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2015-0056
Wencai Yang, Zhaoxi Chen, Z. Hou, Changqing Yu
This paper introduces the scale-depth law of multi-scale wavelet analysis for regional gravity data processing, and presents the results of its application to Central Asia for computation of the 3D crustal density structures. The wavelet analysis method is applied for characterizing 3D crustal density structure, producing five maps of density disturbance corresponding to different depths of equivalent layers in the crust. The results provide important evidence for the study of crustal structures and mass movement in Central Asia: (i) the small-scale and intensive linear density disturbances in the upper crust indicate Phanerozoic orogenic belts; (ii) there exists a horseshoe-shaped low-density belt in the middle crust coinciding with the Kazakhstan orocline; (iii) there is a very low density zone in the lower crust, extending from western Kunlun to Tianshan, probably indicating a lower-crust flow; (iv) there are a few lowdensity spots in the middle crust, which might be caused by low-density mass squeezing upward from the lower crust flows.
本文介绍了多尺度小波分析在区域重力数据处理中的尺度-深度规律,并给出了其在中亚地区三维地壳密度结构计算中的应用结果。应用小波分析方法对三维地壳密度结构进行表征,得到了5张对应于地壳等效层不同深度的密度扰动图。研究结果为中亚地区地壳结构和物质运动研究提供了重要依据:(1)上地壳小尺度密集的线密度扰动指示显生宙造山带;(ii)与哈萨克斯坦造山斜重合的中地壳存在马蹄形低密度带;(3)下地壳有一个极低密度带,从西昆仑延伸到天山,可能是下地壳流动的标志;(4)中地壳存在少量低密度斑,这可能是由于低密度物质从下地壳流动中向上挤压所致。
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引用次数: 1
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