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Dynamic and Thermal Processes in the Mid-Latitude Ionosphere over Kharkov, Ukraine (49.6° N, 36.3° E), During the 13–15 November 2012 Magnetic Storm: Calculation Results 2012年11月13-15日磁暴期间乌克兰哈尔科夫(49.6°N, 36.3°E)中纬度电离层的动力和热过程:计算结果
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0087
M. Lyashenko
Calculation results of the variations of dynamic and thermal process parameters in geospace plasma during the 13–15 November 2012, magnetic storm (MS) over Kharkov are presented. The calculations were based on experimental data obtained on the Kharkov incoherent scatter radar, single in the European mid-latitudes. Calculations showed that during the MS there took place an increase, by modulus, of the values of vertical component of transfer velocity, due to ambipolar diffusion, up to a factor of 1.4–2.1. During the MS there took place a decrease of the values of energy input to the electron gas by about 20–35%. During the main phase of MS, the heat flux density transferred by electrons increased up to a factor of 2–2.5. Results of estimates of the zonal component electric field value Ey are presented. During the MS the value of Ey was −9.5 mV/m. The vertical component of plasma velocity due to electromagnetic drift vEB has been calculated.
本文给出了2012年11月13日至15日哈尔科夫磁暴期间地球空间等离子体动力学和热过程参数变化的计算结果。计算是根据在欧洲中纬度地区单一的哈尔科夫非相干散射雷达上获得的实验数据进行的。计算表明,在质谱过程中,由于双极性扩散,传递速度垂直分量的值按模量增加了1.4-2.1倍。在质谱过程中,电子气体的能量输入值下降了约20-35%。在质谱主相,电子传递的热流密度增加了2-2.5倍。给出了区域分量电场值Ey的估计结果。MS期间,Ey值为- 9.5 mV/m。计算了电磁漂移引起的等离子体速度的垂直分量。
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引用次数: 2
An Estimation Method of Pore Structure and Mineral Moduli Based on Kuster-Toksöz (KT) Model and Biot’s Coefficient 基于Kuster-Toksöz (KT)模型和Biot系数的孔隙结构和矿物模量估算方法
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0108
Da Peng, Cheng Yin, Hu Zhao, Wei Liu
Pore structure and mineral matrix elastic moduli are indispensable in rock physics models. We propose an estimation method of pore structure and mineral moduli based on Kuster-Toksöz model and Biot’s coefficient. In this technique, pore aspect ratios of five different scales from 100 to 10−4 are considered, Biot’s coefficient is used to determine bounds of mineral moduli, and an estimation procedure combined with simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to handle real logs or laboratory measurements is developed. The proposed method is applied to parameter estimations on 28 sandstone samples, the properties of which have been measured in lab. The water saturated data are used for estimating pore structure and mineral moduli, and the oil saturated data are used for testing these estimated parameters through fluid substitution in Kuster-Toksöz model. We then compare fluid substitution results with lab measurements and find that relative errors of P-wave and S-wave velocities are all less than 5%, which indicates that the estimation results are accurate.
孔隙结构和矿物基质弹性模量在岩石物理模型中是不可缺少的。提出了一种基于Kuster-Toksöz模型和Biot系数的孔隙结构和矿物模量估算方法。在该技术中,考虑了从100到10−4的五种不同尺度的孔隙纵横比,Biot系数用于确定矿物模量的界限,并开发了一种结合模拟退火(SA)算法的估计程序来处理实际日志或实验室测量。将该方法应用于28个砂岩样品的参数估计,并对其进行了室内实测。饱和水数据用于估算孔隙结构和矿物模量,饱和油数据通过Kuster-Toksöz模型流体替换对这些估算参数进行检验。然后将流体替代结果与实验室测量结果进行比较,发现纵波和横波速度的相对误差均小于5%,表明估算结果是准确的。
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引用次数: 3
New Ground Motion Prediction Equation for Peak Ground Velocity and Duration of Ground Motion for Mining Tremors in Upper Silesia 上西里西亚矿震峰值地速度和地震动持续时间的新地震动预测方程
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0109
Jacek Chodacki
This article presents a method of predicting the peak horizontal velocity of ground motion, PHV, and the duration of vibration, tH, for strong seismic events (E ≥ 5•106 J, ML > 2.5) in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). For the prediction of PHV, a model proposed by Si and Midorikawa was used. The regression method takes into account the impact of the local geology under seismic stations on the ground motion according to the Eurocode 8 classification. The ground classification was based on the results of a seismic survey conducted near the seismometer stations. This method is of great practical use because it allows the degree of vibration intensity to be determined on the basis of the Mining Seismic Instrumental Intensity Scale MSIIS-15 (acronym GSIGZW in Polish version) at any distance from the epicentre of the seismic events induced or triggered by mining.
本文提出了一种预测上西里西亚煤盆地(USCB)强震事件(E≥5•106 J, ML > 2.5)地面运动峰值水平速度PHV和振动持续时间tH的方法。PHV的预测采用Si和Midorikawa提出的模型。回归方法考虑了地震台站下的局部地质条件对地面运动的影响,符合欧洲规范8的分类要求。地面分类是根据地震检波器站附近的地震调查结果进行的。这种方法具有很大的实际用途,因为它可以根据采矿地震仪器强度量表MSIIS-15(波兰语版首字母缩略词GSIGZW)在离采矿诱发或触发地震事件的震中任何距离上确定振动强度的程度。
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引用次数: 11
Changes in Drought Conditions in Poland over the Past 60 Years Evaluated by the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index 标准化降水-蒸散指数对波兰过去60年干旱条件变化的评价
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0110
U. Somorowska
This paper investigates the variability of drought conditions in Poland in the years 1956–2015 with the use of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The study provides a new insight into the phenomenon of the past expansion of the drought-affected area as well as evidence of drying trends in a spatiotemporal context. 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month SPEI were considered, representing drought conditions relevant to agriculture and hydrology. The analysis demonstrates that the spatial extent of droughts shows a broad variability. The annual mean of the percentage of the area under drought has witnessed an increase for all three SPEI timescales. This also pertains to the mean area affected by drought over the growing season (April–September). A decreasing trend in the SPEI values indicates an increase in the severity of droughts over the 60-year period in question in an area extending from the south-west to the central part of Poland.
本文利用标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)研究了1956-2015年波兰干旱条件的变化。该研究提供了对过去干旱影响地区扩张现象的新见解,以及在时空背景下干旱趋势的证据。考虑了3个月、6个月和12个月的SPEI,代表了与农业和水文相关的干旱条件。分析表明,干旱的空间程度表现出广泛的变异性。在所有三个SPEI时间尺度上,干旱面积百分比的年平均值都有所增加。这也适用于生长季节(4月至9月)受干旱影响的平均地区。SPEI值的下降趋势表明,在上述60年期间,从波兰西南部到中部地区的干旱严重程度有所增加。
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引用次数: 52
Comparison of Selected Geopotential Models in Terms of the GOCE Orbit Determination Using Simulated GPS Observations 利用模拟GPS观测确定GOCE轨道的几种位势模式的比较
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0115
A. Bobojć
This work contains a comparative study of the performance of six geopotential models in an orbit estimation process of the satellite of the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission. For testing, such models as ULUX_CHAMP2013S, ITG-GRACE 2010S, EIGEN-51C, EIGEN5S, EGM2008, EGM96, were adopted. Different sets of pseudo-range simulations along reference GOCE satellite orbital arcs were obtained using real orbits of the Global Positioning System satellites. These sets were the basic observation data used in the adjustment. The centimeter-accuracy Precise Science Orbit (PSO) for the GOCE satellite provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) was adopted as the GOCE reference orbit. Comparing various variants of the orbital solutions, the relative accuracy of geopotential models in an orbital aspect is determined. Full geopotential models were used in the adjustment process. The solutions were also determined taking into account truncated geopotential models. In such case, an accuracy of the solutions was slightly enhanced. Different arc lengths were taken for the computation.
本文对重力场与稳态海洋环流探测器(GOCE)任务卫星轨道估计过程中6种位势模型的性能进行了比较研究。测试采用ULUX_CHAMP2013S、ITG-GRACE 2010S、EIGEN-51C、EIGEN5S、EGM2008、EGM96等模型。利用全球定位系统卫星的实际轨道,沿参考GOCE卫星轨道弧进行了不同的伪距离模拟。这些是平差中使用的基本观测数据。采用欧洲空间局(ESA)提供的GOCE卫星厘米精度精确科学轨道(PSO)作为GOCE参考轨道。比较了轨道解的各种变体,确定了地球势模型在轨道方面的相对精度。平差过程采用全位势模式。还考虑截断的位势模型确定了解决方案。在这种情况下,解决方案的准确性略有提高。采用不同的弧长进行计算。
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引用次数: 1
Interpretation of Gravity and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Data in Low Temperature Hydrothermal Systems, Southeastern Part of Fukuoka, Japan 日本福冈东南部低温热液系统重力和伽马射线能谱数据解释
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0113
J. Nishijima, Y. Fujimitsu
The Hakata hot springs area is located in Fukuoka City, which is in the southwestern part of Japan. Gamma-ray and gravity surveys were conducted to understand the relationship between the low-temperature hydrothermal systems and geophysical data of the area. The depth of the reservoir basement, which was derived from gravity data, gradually deepens toward the east; it includes some steep depth gradients in the Hakata hot springs area. High intensities of gamma-rays were detected around these gradients. In addition, higher hot spring temperatures and flow rates can be observed in this area. These results indicate that some part of the level of the basement where the hot springs are concentrated is a part of the Kego Fault and is similar to the fracture zone created by past activities of the fault. Moreover, these steep depth gradients act as a path for hot spring water from the deeper side of the granitic body to the surface.
博多温泉区位于日本西南部的福冈市。通过伽玛射线和重力测量了解该地区低温热液系统与地球物理数据的关系。重力资料显示,储层基底深度自北向东逐渐加深;它包括博多温泉地区的一些陡峭的深度梯度。在这些梯度附近探测到高强度的伽马射线。此外,在该地区可以观察到较高的温泉温度和流量。这些结果表明,基岩中温泉集中的部分水平为科古断裂的一部分,与该断裂以往活动形成的断裂带相似。此外,这些陡峭的深度梯度作为温泉水从花岗岩体的较深一侧到表面的路径。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution Characteristics of TOC, TN and TP in the Wetland Sediments of Longbao Lake in the San-Jiang Head Waters 三江源龙宝湖湿地沉积物TOC、TN和TP分布特征
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-28 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0093
Sujin Lu, Jian-Huan Si, Y. Qi, Zhanqing Wang, Xiaocui Wu, Chuanying Hou
The study deals with the distribution of nutrients in wetland sediments, which provide the basis for revealing the wetland eutrophication processes and mechanisms of internal pollution sources. The total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents and distribution characteristics of sediment samples were examined. The results showed that the TOC concentration ranged from 3.81 to 15.6 g/kg, the TN concentration ranged from 0.21 to 1.18 g/kg with a mean concentration of 0.66 g/kg, and the TP concentration ranged from 0.16 to 0.35 g/kg with a mean of 0.23 g/kg. Statistical analysis showed close correlations between TOC and TN (R2 = 0.96), and TN and TP (R2 = 0.97), which indicated that the TN and TP in the sediments were from similar sources. The concentrations of TOC, TN, and TP in Longbao Lake wetland sediments were too low for eutrophication to occur. Our investigation indicated that Longbao Lake undergoes natural evolution rather than anthropogenic activities.
研究了湿地沉积物中营养物质的分布规律,为揭示湿地富营养化过程和内部污染源的机制提供了依据。研究了沉积物样品的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量及其分布特征。结果表明:TOC浓度范围为3.81 ~ 15.6 g/kg, TN浓度范围为0.21 ~ 1.18 g/kg,平均为0.66 g/kg, TP浓度范围为0.16 ~ 0.35 g/kg,平均为0.23 g/kg。TOC与TN (R2 = 0.96)、TN与TP (R2 = 0.97)呈密切相关,表明沉积物中TN和TP来源相似。龙宝湖湿地沉积物中TOC、TN和TP浓度过低,不可能发生富营养化。调查结果表明,龙宝湖的形成与其说是人为活动,不如说是自然演化。
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引用次数: 9
Wavelet Characteristics of Hydrological and Dissolved Oxygen Time Series in a Lowland River 低地河流水文和溶解氧时间序列的小波特征
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0023
Agnieszka Rajwa-Kuligiewicz, R. Bialik, P. Rowiński
In this study, we investigated the temporal variability of dissolved oxygen and water temperature in conjunction with water level fluctuations and river discharge in the Narew lowland river reach. For this purpose, high resolution hydrologic and water quality time series have been used. Spectral analyses of time series using continuous wavelet transform scheme have been applied in order to identify characteristic scales, its duration, and localisation in time. The results of wavelet analysis have shown a great number of periodicities in time series at the inter-annual time scale when compared to the classical Fourier analysis. Additionally, wavelet coherence revealed the complex nature of the relationship between dissolved oxygen and hydrological variables dependent on the scale and localisation in time. Hence, the results presented in this paper may provide an alternative representation to a frequency analysis of time series.
本文研究了纳雷夫低地河段溶解氧和水温随水位波动和河流流量的时间变化规律。为此,采用了高分辨率水文和水质时间序列。利用连续小波变换对时间序列进行频谱分析,以识别特征尺度、持续时间和时间定位。与经典的傅立叶分析相比,小波分析的结果在年际时间尺度上显示出大量的时间序列周期性。此外,小波相干性揭示了溶解氧与水文变量之间随时间尺度和局域化的复杂关系。因此,本文提出的结果可以为时间序列的频率分析提供一种替代表示。
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引用次数: 13
Regional Variations of the ω-upper Bound Magnitude of GIII Distribution in the Iranian Plateau 伊朗高原GIII分布ω-上界幅度的区域变化
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0038
H. Mohammadi, Y. Bayrak
The Iranian Plateau does not appear to be a single crustal block, but an assemblage of zones comprising the Alborz—Azerbaijan, Zagros, Kopeh—Dagh, Makran, and Central and East Iran. The Gumbel’s III asymptotic distribution method (GIII) and maximum magnitude expected by Kijko—Sellevoll method is applied in order to check the potentiality of the each seismogenic zone in the Iranian Plateau for the future occurrence of maximum magnitude (Mmax). For this purpose, a homogeneous and complete seismicity database of the instrumental period during 1900–2012 is used in 29 seismogenic zones of the examined region. The spatial mapping of hazard parameters (upper bound magnitude (ω), most probable earthquake magnitude in next 100 years (M100) and maximum magnitude expected by maximum magnitude estimated by Kijko—Sellevoll method (max MK − Smax) reveals that Central and East Iran, Alborz and Azerbaijan, Kopeh—Dagh and SE Zagros are a dangerous place for the next occurrence of a large earthquake.
伊朗高原似乎不是一个单一的地壳块体,而是一个由Alborz-Azerbaijan、Zagros、Kopeh-Dagh、Makran以及伊朗中部和东部组成的区域组合。采用Gumbel’s III渐近分布方法(GIII)和Kijko-Sellevoll方法预测的最大震级,对伊朗高原各发震带未来发生最大震级(Mmax)的可能性进行了检验。为此,利用1900-2012年仪器期间的均匀完整的地震活动数据库,研究了该地区29个发震带。危险参数(上界震级(ω)、未来100年最可能发生的地震震级(M100)和Kijko-Sellevoll方法估计的最大震级(max MK−Smax)的空间映射表明,伊朗中部和东部、Alborz和阿塞拜疆、Kopeh-Dagh和SE Zagros是下一次发生大地震的危险地区。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term Geomechanical Observation in the Jeroným Mine Jeroným矿山长期地质力学观测
IF 2.3 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/acgeo-2016-0054
Z. Kaláb, M. Lednická
Geomechanical measurements have been carried out in the medieval Jeroným Mine since 2001. At first quarterly observation and later also continual monitoring by distributed measurement network were used. The network includes a number of different sensors that have been installed in selected places of underground spaces. There have not been any manifestations documenting dangerous changes of stability during the period of monitoring (2001–2015). The results of accomplished measurements from all convergence profiles confirm the total stability of all underground spaces. However, a number of places have been documented as potentially unstable. Measured values of selected parameters are presented in the paper, namely, movements along fractures, changes of stress tensor and fluctuations in the level of mine water table.
自2001年以来,在中世纪的Jeroným矿山进行了地质力学测量。首先采用季度观测,然后采用分布式测量网络进行连续监测。该网络包括许多不同的传感器,它们被安装在地下空间的选定位置。在监测期间(2001-2015年),没有任何迹象表明稳定性发生了危险的变化。从所有收敛剖面完成的测量结果证实了所有地下空间的总体稳定性。然而,许多地方已经被记录为潜在的不稳定。本文给出了选定参数的实测值,即沿裂缝的移动、应力张量的变化和矿井地下水位的波动。
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引用次数: 4
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Acta Geophysica
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