Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1177/00194662231201209
Manasi Bera, Amaresh Dubey, Surbhi Malhotra
In India, the differences in a range of development indicators, including wages and earnings, along the spatial, caste, religious and ethnicity lines have been a serious concern. This article revisits the wage disparities and discrimination among regular salaried male workers across five categories of socio-religious groups. Using nationally representative Periodic Labour Force Survey (2018–2019) data, we examine the pattern of disparity and the associated endowment and institutional factors leading to unequal labour market outcomes. Our findings suggest that all the groups—Scheduled Tribes (STs), Scheduled Castes (SCs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Muslims continue to earn significantly lower wages than ‘Others’—the non-ST/SC/OBC/Muslim group. On decomposing the wage gap using the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method, we observe that the share of unexplained components reflecting discriminatory treatment continues to be significant. While the wage gap is highest for Muslims and SCs, discrimination is high against SCs and OBCs and lowest against Muslims. Higher education and institutional factors explain a significant proportion of the wage gap for these groups. For STs, urban location and higher education explain most of the differences. In addition, quantile regression results indicate a wider gap at the bottom and a narrower gap at the top of the wage distribution, signalling a ‘sticky-floor’ phenomenon for ST, SC and OBC workers. JEL Codes: E24, J71, J49
{"title":"Revisiting Earnings Differentials across Socio-religious Groups in the Regular Salaried Employment in India","authors":"Manasi Bera, Amaresh Dubey, Surbhi Malhotra","doi":"10.1177/00194662231201209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231201209","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the differences in a range of development indicators, including wages and earnings, along the spatial, caste, religious and ethnicity lines have been a serious concern. This article revisits the wage disparities and discrimination among regular salaried male workers across five categories of socio-religious groups. Using nationally representative Periodic Labour Force Survey (2018–2019) data, we examine the pattern of disparity and the associated endowment and institutional factors leading to unequal labour market outcomes. Our findings suggest that all the groups—Scheduled Tribes (STs), Scheduled Castes (SCs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Muslims continue to earn significantly lower wages than ‘Others’—the non-ST/SC/OBC/Muslim group. On decomposing the wage gap using the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method, we observe that the share of unexplained components reflecting discriminatory treatment continues to be significant. While the wage gap is highest for Muslims and SCs, discrimination is high against SCs and OBCs and lowest against Muslims. Higher education and institutional factors explain a significant proportion of the wage gap for these groups. For STs, urban location and higher education explain most of the differences. In addition, quantile regression results indicate a wider gap at the bottom and a narrower gap at the top of the wage distribution, signalling a ‘sticky-floor’ phenomenon for ST, SC and OBC workers. JEL Codes: E24, J71, J49","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/00194662231223798
Sarbajit Sengupta
{"title":"Observation of a Reviewer","authors":"Sarbajit Sengupta","doi":"10.1177/00194662231223798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231223798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1177/00194662231211204
S. Dogga, Mahendra Babu Kuruva, Monika Kashyap
The present study is an attempt to identify the major sources of economic growth in India over the period 1971–2016 by employing the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing model. The long-run estimates of the ARDL model indicate that the economic growth in India is predominately driven by per capita capital and financial development while inflation retards economic growth. Contrary to the long run, the short-run results of error correction representation suggest that per capita capital along with human capital development has a significant positive impact on economic growth in India, while inflation curtails economic growth. India has some important policy insights to draw from these findings that the government policies in India need to emphasize the institutional mechanisms that further strengthen the Indian financial system which would increase its depth, scope and stability to foster economic growth. Further, the policymakers in India should strengthen their anti-inflationary measures, through supply-side reforms, to avoid the negative effects of inflation on economic growth. Finally, the government policies in India should also place a considerable emphasis on investment in human capital, which in turn fosters economic growth. JEL Codes: O4, G2, E24, C1
{"title":"What Have Been Driving India’s Economic Growth? An Empirical Analysis","authors":"S. Dogga, Mahendra Babu Kuruva, Monika Kashyap","doi":"10.1177/00194662231211204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231211204","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is an attempt to identify the major sources of economic growth in India over the period 1971–2016 by employing the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing model. The long-run estimates of the ARDL model indicate that the economic growth in India is predominately driven by per capita capital and financial development while inflation retards economic growth. Contrary to the long run, the short-run results of error correction representation suggest that per capita capital along with human capital development has a significant positive impact on economic growth in India, while inflation curtails economic growth. India has some important policy insights to draw from these findings that the government policies in India need to emphasize the institutional mechanisms that further strengthen the Indian financial system which would increase its depth, scope and stability to foster economic growth. Further, the policymakers in India should strengthen their anti-inflationary measures, through supply-side reforms, to avoid the negative effects of inflation on economic growth. Finally, the government policies in India should also place a considerable emphasis on investment in human capital, which in turn fosters economic growth. JEL Codes: O4, G2, E24, C1","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":" 77","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1177/00194662231212756
Evans Kulu
The export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH) postulates that export is a major driver of economic growth. This study tests this hypothesis and further analyses the determinants of exports in the case of West African countries. An annual panel data spanning from 2008 to 2018 was used. Findings from the system GMM and OLS estimations validate the ELGH in West Africa. The results also reveal that foreign direct investment, employment, remittances, land area and infrastructure are significant boosters of export while population, real effective exchange rate and taxes on international trade are detrimental to export performance in the region. The study recommends the relaxation of taxes especially on international trade to encourage businesses that produce to feed the export sectors, provide an enabling environment for businesses and also attract foreign investors. JEL Codes: F14, F21, O55
{"title":"Relationship Between Export and Economic Growth: Evidence from West African Countries","authors":"Evans Kulu","doi":"10.1177/00194662231212756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231212756","url":null,"abstract":"The export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH) postulates that export is a major driver of economic growth. This study tests this hypothesis and further analyses the determinants of exports in the case of West African countries. An annual panel data spanning from 2008 to 2018 was used. Findings from the system GMM and OLS estimations validate the ELGH in West Africa. The results also reveal that foreign direct investment, employment, remittances, land area and infrastructure are significant boosters of export while population, real effective exchange rate and taxes on international trade are detrimental to export performance in the region. The study recommends the relaxation of taxes especially on international trade to encourage businesses that produce to feed the export sectors, provide an enabling environment for businesses and also attract foreign investors. JEL Codes: F14, F21, O55","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.1177/00194662231211205
Amit Kumar Singh, R. Shrivastav, Srishti Jain
The stock market is the reflection of the trading pattern of various investors. The present study attempts to examine the trading behaviour followed by foreign institutional investors, domestic institutional investors and mutual funds during 2010–2020 in the Indian stock market. The whole time period is divided into two subperiods using the chow breakpoint test. Two vector autoregression framework models accompanied with impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis are employed in both the subperiods, namely calm period and volatile period. It is found that the institutional investors do not pay heed to the market returns in the calm period, while the interdependency among the institutional investors increases in the volatile period. The structural break enhances the forecasting accuracy of the model significantly. This study will help the government to understand the impact of calm period and volatile period on the trading behaviours of the institutional investors and thereby their sentiments in the Indian stock market. JEL Codes: G1, G23
{"title":"Trading Behaviour Exhibited by Institutional Investors During Calm and Volatile Periods in the Indian Scenario","authors":"Amit Kumar Singh, R. Shrivastav, Srishti Jain","doi":"10.1177/00194662231211205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231211205","url":null,"abstract":"The stock market is the reflection of the trading pattern of various investors. The present study attempts to examine the trading behaviour followed by foreign institutional investors, domestic institutional investors and mutual funds during 2010–2020 in the Indian stock market. The whole time period is divided into two subperiods using the chow breakpoint test. Two vector autoregression framework models accompanied with impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis are employed in both the subperiods, namely calm period and volatile period. It is found that the institutional investors do not pay heed to the market returns in the calm period, while the interdependency among the institutional investors increases in the volatile period. The structural break enhances the forecasting accuracy of the model significantly. This study will help the government to understand the impact of calm period and volatile period on the trading behaviours of the institutional investors and thereby their sentiments in the Indian stock market. JEL Codes: G1, G23","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"164 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1177/00194662231209455
Shubham Kumar, Keya Sengupta, Bidyut Jyoti Gogoi
In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in India’s development policy discourse accompanied by rights-based approach, grassroots transformation and socio-economic change. Consequently, impact evaluation has become central to development interventions. However, the evaluation of subjective measures within development policy discourse remains under-studied. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of development policies on subjective economic wellbeing (SEWB) in India. Utilising household data from India human development survey and applying ordered probit regression, we test medium-term impact of development policies on SEWB. The findings show that while development policy does have significant impact in driving SEWB, interaction among development policies also curates interesting perspectives. Moreover, evidence suggests that relative social and economic considerations are significant in driving SEWB. The article attempts to combine insights from the development discourse and an empirical approach to go beyond a critique and draw emphasis on SEWB in an emerging economy context. JEL Codes: O11, O53, R28
{"title":"Development Policies and Subjective Economic Wellbeing: Evidence From India","authors":"Shubham Kumar, Keya Sengupta, Bidyut Jyoti Gogoi","doi":"10.1177/00194662231209455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231209455","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in India’s development policy discourse accompanied by rights-based approach, grassroots transformation and socio-economic change. Consequently, impact evaluation has become central to development interventions. However, the evaluation of subjective measures within development policy discourse remains under-studied. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of development policies on subjective economic wellbeing (SEWB) in India. Utilising household data from India human development survey and applying ordered probit regression, we test medium-term impact of development policies on SEWB. The findings show that while development policy does have significant impact in driving SEWB, interaction among development policies also curates interesting perspectives. Moreover, evidence suggests that relative social and economic considerations are significant in driving SEWB. The article attempts to combine insights from the development discourse and an empirical approach to go beyond a critique and draw emphasis on SEWB in an emerging economy context. JEL Codes: O11, O53, R28","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1177/00194662231203455
Priyabrata Sahoo, Manish Kumar Singh, D. C. Pathak
This article examines the disparities in poverty among the regions of Uttar Pradesh during the 2000s through a poverty decomposition exercise. While the poverty reduction from 2004–2005 to 2011–2012 is faster in the northern and southern upper Ganga plain, the reduction is slower in the eastern and southern regions. The poverty headcount ratio increases for the central region. While eastern and southern regions have higher real Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) growth than the state average, the lower poverty elasticity in these regions caused slower poverty reduction. The southern and northern upper Ganga plain have high poverty elasticity causing a faster poverty reduction. This study finds that Uttar Pradesh’s central region faces a critical problem with increased Head-Count Ratio and declining MPCE. The differential change in poverty among the regions has also been analysed using the occupational pattern and landholding distribution among regions, both rural and urban areas. JEL Codes: R32, R11, R12
{"title":"Poverty Changes Among Regions of Uttar Pradesh: A Decomposition Exercise During the 2000s","authors":"Priyabrata Sahoo, Manish Kumar Singh, D. C. Pathak","doi":"10.1177/00194662231203455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231203455","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the disparities in poverty among the regions of Uttar Pradesh during the 2000s through a poverty decomposition exercise. While the poverty reduction from 2004–2005 to 2011–2012 is faster in the northern and southern upper Ganga plain, the reduction is slower in the eastern and southern regions. The poverty headcount ratio increases for the central region. While eastern and southern regions have higher real Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) growth than the state average, the lower poverty elasticity in these regions caused slower poverty reduction. The southern and northern upper Ganga plain have high poverty elasticity causing a faster poverty reduction. This study finds that Uttar Pradesh’s central region faces a critical problem with increased Head-Count Ratio and declining MPCE. The differential change in poverty among the regions has also been analysed using the occupational pattern and landholding distribution among regions, both rural and urban areas. JEL Codes: R32, R11, R12","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/00194662231199232
Navjot Sangwan
Classic microfinance loan contracts characterised by rigid weekly repayment schedules used by most microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer little flexibility—and little benefit—to borrowers who are poor and have seasonal income. Previous research has also shown that such contracts can negatively affect the economic well-being of poor borrowers leading to underinvestment of capital, selling of productive assets, over-indebtedness through cross-financing from informal sources, reductions in consumption and income, and in some cases, a deterioration in borrowersʼ mental health arising from stress and worry. If lenders offered more flexibility in loan repayment schedules, would it help to overcome some of these problems? To explore this, we tested whether clientsʼ business outcomes were sensitive to various repayment schedules using primary data collected from the clients of three MFIs, a cooperative society and a few local traders specialising in business lending in a village in North India. We analysed alternatives to the rigid contract model, focussing on the degree of flexibility and the length of gap between repayments in the loan schedule. This study finds that clients repaying their loans monthly invested more in their businesses and earned higher income, compared both to those who repaid weekly and to those with an irregular payment schedule. JEL Codes: G12, D12, O16, O12
{"title":"Make Microfinance Great Again: Can Flexibility in Repayments Improve Business Outcomes in North India?","authors":"Navjot Sangwan","doi":"10.1177/00194662231199232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231199232","url":null,"abstract":"Classic microfinance loan contracts characterised by rigid weekly repayment schedules used by most microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer little flexibility—and little benefit—to borrowers who are poor and have seasonal income. Previous research has also shown that such contracts can negatively affect the economic well-being of poor borrowers leading to underinvestment of capital, selling of productive assets, over-indebtedness through cross-financing from informal sources, reductions in consumption and income, and in some cases, a deterioration in borrowersʼ mental health arising from stress and worry. If lenders offered more flexibility in loan repayment schedules, would it help to overcome some of these problems? To explore this, we tested whether clientsʼ business outcomes were sensitive to various repayment schedules using primary data collected from the clients of three MFIs, a cooperative society and a few local traders specialising in business lending in a village in North India. We analysed alternatives to the rigid contract model, focussing on the degree of flexibility and the length of gap between repayments in the loan schedule. This study finds that clients repaying their loans monthly invested more in their businesses and earned higher income, compared both to those who repaid weekly and to those with an irregular payment schedule. JEL Codes: G12, D12, O16, O12","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/00194662231199238
Piyali Kumar, S. Datta
This study attempts to analyse the relation of ecological footprint (EF) and air pollutants—CO2, N2O, SO2 and CH4—with economic growth, urbanisation, foreign direct investment and energy consumption through environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework by employing fixed/random effect model. It involves a panel of 55 selected countries from several income groups—high, middle and low—covering the period 1990–2018. A theoretical approach has been developed to analyse the pollution intensity of population, based on decomposition analysis coherent with application of the notion of Kaya identity. The results confirmed the existence of inverted U-shaped relationship for EF and SO2 in all types of countries. The pollutants—CO2, N2O and CH4—exhibit inverse U-shaped EKC in middle- and low-income countries. Only for high-income countries, N2O model detects the existence of U-shaped curve. The study suggests that reconsideration of some economic and environmental policies is necessary to mitigate environmental degradation issues. JEL Codes: Q54, O4, O21, Q43, Q56
本研究试图通过环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）框架，采用固定/随机效应模型，分析生态足迹（EF）和空气污染物（CO2、N2O、SO2 和 CH4）与经济增长、城市化、外国直接投资和能源消耗的关系。该研究涉及一个由 55 个选定国家组成的小组，这些国家分别属于高、中、低几个收入组，时间跨度为 1990-2018 年。根据与卡亚特征概念的应用相一致的分解分析，制定了分析人口污染强度的理论方法。结果证实，在所有类型的国家中，EF 和二氧化硫都存在倒 U 型关系。在中等收入和低收入国家，CO2、N2O 和 CH4 等污染物的 EKC 呈倒 U 型。只有高收入国家的 N2O 模型检测到 U 型曲线的存在。研究表明，有必要重新考虑一些经济和环境政策，以缓解环境退化问题。JEL Codes：Q54, O4, O21, Q43, Q56
{"title":"Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Different Income Group Countries","authors":"Piyali Kumar, S. Datta","doi":"10.1177/00194662231199238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231199238","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to analyse the relation of ecological footprint (EF) and air pollutants—CO2, N2O, SO2 and CH4—with economic growth, urbanisation, foreign direct investment and energy consumption through environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework by employing fixed/random effect model. It involves a panel of 55 selected countries from several income groups—high, middle and low—covering the period 1990–2018. A theoretical approach has been developed to analyse the pollution intensity of population, based on decomposition analysis coherent with application of the notion of Kaya identity. The results confirmed the existence of inverted U-shaped relationship for EF and SO2 in all types of countries. The pollutants—CO2, N2O and CH4—exhibit inverse U-shaped EKC in middle- and low-income countries. Only for high-income countries, N2O model detects the existence of U-shaped curve. The study suggests that reconsideration of some economic and environmental policies is necessary to mitigate environmental degradation issues. JEL Codes: Q54, O4, O21, Q43, Q56","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/00194662231203545
I. Shah, T. Nengroo, I. U. Haq, Md Sarfaz Equabal
The empirical relationship between tourism inflow and international trade has been explored during recent years, supporting the argument that international tourism inflow promotes international trade between countries. However, the impact of international tourism inflow on agricultural exports has been neglected within standard agricultural trade models such as agricultural exports function and gravity model. The main aim of the article is to provide theoretical and empirical evidence that international tourism inflow matters for agricultural trade. The study uses an agricultural export demand function and augmented gravity model to examine the impact of tourism inflow on agricultural exports of India from the top 10 importing countries for the period 2000–2019. The agricultural trade model is estimated using random effect and fixed-effect model. To overcome the problem of panel heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, it uses the panel corrected standard error model. Further, potential endogeneity is treated by using a 2SLS model. The empirical evidence confirms the significant and positive impact of tourism inflow on agricultural exports of India. JEL Codes: F1, Q17, Z30
{"title":"How Does the Inflow of Tourism Affect the Agricultural Exports of India?","authors":"I. Shah, T. Nengroo, I. U. Haq, Md Sarfaz Equabal","doi":"10.1177/00194662231203545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00194662231203545","url":null,"abstract":"The empirical relationship between tourism inflow and international trade has been explored during recent years, supporting the argument that international tourism inflow promotes international trade between countries. However, the impact of international tourism inflow on agricultural exports has been neglected within standard agricultural trade models such as agricultural exports function and gravity model. The main aim of the article is to provide theoretical and empirical evidence that international tourism inflow matters for agricultural trade. The study uses an agricultural export demand function and augmented gravity model to examine the impact of tourism inflow on agricultural exports of India from the top 10 importing countries for the period 2000–2019. The agricultural trade model is estimated using random effect and fixed-effect model. To overcome the problem of panel heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, it uses the panel corrected standard error model. Further, potential endogeneity is treated by using a 2SLS model. The empirical evidence confirms the significant and positive impact of tourism inflow on agricultural exports of India. JEL Codes: F1, Q17, Z30","PeriodicalId":509033,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Economic Journal","volume":"49 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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