Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.007
S. Sánchez-Navarro, David Gálvez-Ruiz, J. Rydell, C. Ibáñez
An astonishing number of bat fatalities (2,371 belonging to 15 species) were recovered in a provincial surveillance program at wind farms in Cádiz, at the southern tip of Spain, in 2005–2016. We carefully analysed a subset of this sample intending to estimate the true fatality rate in the year 2011, the year for which we had the richest data set (582 fatalities at 38 wind farms). To estimate the true fatality rate, we conducted search-efficiency and scavenger-removal trials in nine wind farms involving 122 turbines and 289 observed fatalities and calculated the searchable surface. An annual fatality rate of 41.1 dead bats per turbine (26.4 per MW) was estimated in the study area using a self-developed estimator due to the singularities of the surveillance program. Our estimator results are lower than those obtained using the Generalized Mortality Estimator (GenEst) developed by U.S. Geological Survey. Estimates of 37,689 or 33,370 fatalities were made according to the province's number of turbines or MW in 2011. Some areas have registered the highest fatality rates ever recorded for bats in wind turbines anywhere globally, even more so because we have been conservative. There is an urgent need for efficient preventive and mitigation measures at wind farms in risky landscapes and with a high rate of bat fatalities, but trials are also needed to know how well the post-operational monitoring is done and how far it is from reality. Clearly, current official post-construction surveillance programs are inefficient for searching bats and therefore mask a high fatality rate, mainly of sedentary bats.
{"title":"High Bat Fatality Rates Estimated at Wind Farms in Southern Spain","authors":"S. Sánchez-Navarro, David Gálvez-Ruiz, J. Rydell, C. Ibáñez","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"An astonishing number of bat fatalities (2,371 belonging to 15 species) were recovered in a provincial surveillance program at wind farms in Cádiz, at the southern tip of Spain, in 2005–2016. We carefully analysed a subset of this sample intending to estimate the true fatality rate in the year 2011, the year for which we had the richest data set (582 fatalities at 38 wind farms). To estimate the true fatality rate, we conducted search-efficiency and scavenger-removal trials in nine wind farms involving 122 turbines and 289 observed fatalities and calculated the searchable surface. An annual fatality rate of 41.1 dead bats per turbine (26.4 per MW) was estimated in the study area using a self-developed estimator due to the singularities of the surveillance program. Our estimator results are lower than those obtained using the Generalized Mortality Estimator (GenEst) developed by U.S. Geological Survey. Estimates of 37,689 or 33,370 fatalities were made according to the province's number of turbines or MW in 2011. Some areas have registered the highest fatality rates ever recorded for bats in wind turbines anywhere globally, even more so because we have been conservative. There is an urgent need for efficient preventive and mitigation measures at wind farms in risky landscapes and with a high rate of bat fatalities, but trials are also needed to know how well the post-operational monitoring is done and how far it is from reality. Clearly, current official post-construction surveillance programs are inefficient for searching bats and therefore mask a high fatality rate, mainly of sedentary bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"125 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48440039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.008
Logan W. Detweiler, Riley F. Bernard
Human alterations of landscapes, such as habitat conversion and infrastructure buildouts have caused population declines and extinctions of numerous species. Anthropogenic change negatively impacts surrounding landscapes, but in some cases, lead to an increase in synathropy. Bats are one such group that often take advantage of human altered landscapes, roosting in anthropogenic structures such as buildings and transportation infrastructure. However, less is known about how non-traditional or artificial roost sites may affect persistence of synathropic bat species. We conducted a literature review to evaluate the ecological relationship between bats and artificial roosts, specifically transportation structures, as they are often the only roost structures available in some landscapes. Our evaluation revealed that numerous studies on artificial roost selection have been conducted in the eastern region of North America, as well as abroad. Use of transportation structures by bats varies across landscapes, specifically due to variation in annual climate, availability of natural roosts, and bridge structure design. This review enhances our understanding of bat roost ecology, possible pitfalls of synanthropic behaviour, and identify trends related to bat-bridge associations that may improve conservation outcomes for synanthropic species.
{"title":"Wildlife Use of Anthropogenic Structures: A Comprehensive Review of Bridge Use by Bats","authors":"Logan W. Detweiler, Riley F. Bernard","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"Human alterations of landscapes, such as habitat conversion and infrastructure buildouts have caused population declines and extinctions of numerous species. Anthropogenic change negatively impacts surrounding landscapes, but in some cases, lead to an increase in synathropy. Bats are one such group that often take advantage of human altered landscapes, roosting in anthropogenic structures such as buildings and transportation infrastructure. However, less is known about how non-traditional or artificial roost sites may affect persistence of synathropic bat species. We conducted a literature review to evaluate the ecological relationship between bats and artificial roosts, specifically transportation structures, as they are often the only roost structures available in some landscapes. Our evaluation revealed that numerous studies on artificial roost selection have been conducted in the eastern region of North America, as well as abroad. Use of transportation structures by bats varies across landscapes, specifically due to variation in annual climate, availability of natural roosts, and bridge structure design. This review enhances our understanding of bat roost ecology, possible pitfalls of synanthropic behaviour, and identify trends related to bat-bridge associations that may improve conservation outcomes for synanthropic species.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"135 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.003
P. Piskoulis, E. Tsoukala
The chiropteran collection that has been recovered from the two chronologically different fossiliferous assemblages of the Loutra Almopias Cave A (Pella, Macedonia, Greece) is studied. The specimens retrieved from the cave's floor sediments (LAC) are of the Late Pleistocene, whereas the specimens retrieved from the elevated chamber LAC Ia are of latest Pleistocene age. The first comprehensive systematic taxonomy and biogeographic analysis of a fossil chiropteran fauna from the Greek region was accomplished, based on the determination of the 9,004 chiropteran specimens. This resulted in the identification of 17 species from LAC and 20 from LAC Ia from three families (Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae, Miniopteridae) and nine genera (Rhinolophus, Myotis, Nyctalus, Pipistrellus, Vespertilio, Eptesicus, Plecotus, Barbastella, Miniopterus). Seven bat species described from the Loutra Almopias Cave A are the first known records in Greece and one species is the first Late Pleistocene record from the Balkan Peninsula. Eighteen species refer to the southernmost appearance of the Late Pleistocene of the Balkan Peninsula. Loutra Almopias Cave A served primarily as a nursery roost for many bats, and secondarily as a warm refuge during colder periods. Almost all of the chiropteran species described in this paper are now permanently resident in the region adjacent to the cave. Almost all bat species found in the Loutra Almopias Cave A are also present in the records of several localities from the Balkan Peninsula as Similarity analysis between the chiropteran faunas is indicative of an equivalent distribution in the region during the Late Pleistocene. In conclusion, the Late Pleistocene bat fauna from the Loutra Almopias Cave A is, up to date, the richest and most diverse not only from the Greek region, but also from the Balkan Peninsula.
{"title":"The Late and the Latest Pleistocene Chiroptera (Mammalia) from Loutra Almopias Cave a (Pella, Macedonia, Greece)","authors":"P. Piskoulis, E. Tsoukala","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"The chiropteran collection that has been recovered from the two chronologically different fossiliferous assemblages of the Loutra Almopias Cave A (Pella, Macedonia, Greece) is studied. The specimens retrieved from the cave's floor sediments (LAC) are of the Late Pleistocene, whereas the specimens retrieved from the elevated chamber LAC Ia are of latest Pleistocene age. The first comprehensive systematic taxonomy and biogeographic analysis of a fossil chiropteran fauna from the Greek region was accomplished, based on the determination of the 9,004 chiropteran specimens. This resulted in the identification of 17 species from LAC and 20 from LAC Ia from three families (Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae, Miniopteridae) and nine genera (Rhinolophus, Myotis, Nyctalus, Pipistrellus, Vespertilio, Eptesicus, Plecotus, Barbastella, Miniopterus). Seven bat species described from the Loutra Almopias Cave A are the first known records in Greece and one species is the first Late Pleistocene record from the Balkan Peninsula. Eighteen species refer to the southernmost appearance of the Late Pleistocene of the Balkan Peninsula. Loutra Almopias Cave A served primarily as a nursery roost for many bats, and secondarily as a warm refuge during colder periods. Almost all of the chiropteran species described in this paper are now permanently resident in the region adjacent to the cave. Almost all bat species found in the Loutra Almopias Cave A are also present in the records of several localities from the Balkan Peninsula as Similarity analysis between the chiropteran faunas is indicative of an equivalent distribution in the region during the Late Pleistocene. In conclusion, the Late Pleistocene bat fauna from the Loutra Almopias Cave A is, up to date, the richest and most diverse not only from the Greek region, but also from the Balkan Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"53 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42444623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.009
Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar, A. Santos-Moreno, C. Lorenzo
Alopecia, or alopecia syndrome is the partial or complete loss of hair from an animal's body. Following a previous report on bats with alopecia, in this work we complemented the list of bat species with alopecia available in the literature through 2023, adding phyllostomids (Artibeus planirostris, Carollia perspicillata), an emballonurid (Peropteryx pallidoptera), molossids (Molossus rufus, Nyctinomops macrotis), and vespertilionids (Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Eptesicus fuscus, Nycticeius humeralis, Myotis austroriparius, M. grisescens, M. velifer). We also explored factors that may explain alopecia in the first records of this condition in ten Pteronotus mesoamericanus females from Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico, recorded from November 2020 to January 2022. In those individuals, hair loss was observed on the back and head; six of them were lactating and four showed no evidence of reproductive activity. In addition, we documented alopecia on the thorax in four individuals of three species: Artibeus lituratus (one pregnant female and one male with scrotal testes), Pteronotus fulvus (one pregnant female), and Artibeus toltecus (one pregnant female). The alopecic bats presented mild alopecia (the affected area ranged from 1–5 cm2), and only one female showed moderate alopecia (8.1 cm2). Alopecia in P. mesoamericanus, P. fulvus, A. toltecus, and A. lituratus may be due to hormonal or nutritional imbalances associated with reproduction. In addition, in A. lituratus it may also be the result of environmental stress when foraging in an urban area. The causal agents of alopecia in bats are still not fully known, and it is probably a multifactorial phenomenon. La alopecia, o síndrome de alopecia es la pérdida parcial o total del pelo del cuerpo de un animal. Siguiendo un informe previo sobre murciélagos con alopecia, en este trabajo complementamos la lista de especies de murciélagos con alopecia disponibles en la literatura hasta 2023, agregando filostómidos (Artibeus planirostris, Carollia perspicillata), un embalonúrido (Peropteryx pallidoptera), molósidos (Molossus rufus, Nyctinomops macrotis) y vespertiliónidos (Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Eptesicus fuscus, Nycticeius humeralis, Myotis austroriparius, M. grisescens, M. velifer). También exploramos los factores que pueden explicar la alopecia en los primeros registros de esta condición en diez hembras de Pteronotus mesoamericanus de Oaxaca, sureste de México, registradas desde noviembre de 2020 hasta enero de 2022. En esos individuos se observó pérdida de pelo en el dorso y la cabeza; seis de ellos estaban lactando y cuatro no mostraron evidencia de actividad reproductiva. Además, documentamos alopecia en el tórax en cuatro individuos de tres especies: Artibeus lituratus (una hembra gestante y un macho con testículos escrotados), Pteronotus fulvus (una hembra gestante) y Artibeus toltecus (una hembra gestante). Los murciélagos alopécicos presentaron alopecia leve (el área afectada osciló entre 1–5 cm2), y so
秃发或秃发综合症是指动物身体部分或全部失去毛发。继之前关于秃顶蝙蝠的报道之后，本研究补充了截至2023年文献中已有的秃顶蝙蝠物种列表，增加了phyllostomids (Artibeus planirostris, Carollia perspicillata)、ballonurids (Peropteryx pallidoptera)、Molossus rufus、Nyctinomops macrotis)和vespertilionids (Corynorhinus rafinesquii、Eptesicus fuscus、Nycticeius humeralis、Myotis austroriparius、M. grisescens、M. velifer)。我们还在2020年11月至2022年1月记录的墨西哥东南部瓦哈卡州10只雌性中美洲翼龙的首次记录中探索了可能解释脱发的因素。在这些人中，背部和头部出现脱发;其中6只正在哺乳，4只没有显示出生殖活动的迹象。此外，我们还记录了3个物种的4个个体的胸部脱发:Artibeus lituratus(1名怀孕的雌性和1名有阴囊睾丸的雄性)，Pteronotus fulvus(1名怀孕的雌性)和Artibeus toltecus(1名怀孕的雌性)。秃蝠表现为轻度脱发(发病面积为1 ~ 5 cm2)，雌蝠仅有1只表现为中度脱发(8.1 cm2)。中美洲猿人、黄斑猿人、toltecus猿人和lituratus猿人的脱发可能是由于与生殖有关的激素或营养失衡。此外，在城市地区觅食时，也可能是环境压力的结果。蝙蝠脱发的致病因子尚不完全清楚，它可能是一个多因素现象。秃发症，也就是síndrome秃发症是一种特殊的疾病，特别是在动物身上。2009年1月1日，在文献资料中，我们发现了斑秃的murciciosis，并发现了斑秃的murciciosis，并发现了斑秃的murciciosis。我们发现了filostómidos (planirostris, carcarlia perspicillata)， embalonúrido (peroptertera)， molósidos (Molossus rufus, Nyctinomops macrotis)和vespertiliónidos (Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Eptesicus fuscus, Nycticeius humeralis, Myotis austroriparius, M. grisescens, M. velifer)。加入exploramos危险因素是乙醇explicar拉脱发在洛杉矶首先registros esta身体en diez de hembras de Pteronotus mesoamericanus德瓦哈卡州,墨西哥sureste registradas desde noviembre 2020直到enero区2022。所有个人都看到observó passrdida de pelo En el dorso y la cabeza;这两种动物都有繁殖能力，但没有证据表明它们有繁殖能力。Además, documentamos alopecia en el tórax en cuatro individuos de res species: Artibeus lituratus (una hembra gestante) y un macho con testículos escrotados)， fulonotus (una hembra gestante) y Artibeus toltecus (una hembra gestante)。murciciacos和alopacacos表现为脱发级别(el área afectada osciló中心1-5 cm2)，而solo una hembra presentó中度脱发(8.1 cm2)。黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病、黄斑病等。Además, za . lituratus tamamicans和tamamicans的环境关系与tamamicans的环境关系与tamamicans的环境关系与tamamicans的环境关系área urbana。造成斑秃的主要原因aún与完全性差无关，但可能是多因素的fenómeno。
{"title":"Alopecia in Bats: A Case Study of Four Species from Mexico","authors":"Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar, A. Santos-Moreno, C. Lorenzo","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia, or alopecia syndrome is the partial or complete loss of hair from an animal's body. Following a previous report on bats with alopecia, in this work we complemented the list of bat species with alopecia available in the literature through 2023, adding phyllostomids (Artibeus planirostris, Carollia perspicillata), an emballonurid (Peropteryx pallidoptera), molossids (Molossus rufus, Nyctinomops macrotis), and vespertilionids (Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Eptesicus fuscus, Nycticeius humeralis, Myotis austroriparius, M. grisescens, M. velifer). We also explored factors that may explain alopecia in the first records of this condition in ten Pteronotus mesoamericanus females from Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico, recorded from November 2020 to January 2022. In those individuals, hair loss was observed on the back and head; six of them were lactating and four showed no evidence of reproductive activity. In addition, we documented alopecia on the thorax in four individuals of three species: Artibeus lituratus (one pregnant female and one male with scrotal testes), Pteronotus fulvus (one pregnant female), and Artibeus toltecus (one pregnant female). The alopecic bats presented mild alopecia (the affected area ranged from 1–5 cm2), and only one female showed moderate alopecia (8.1 cm2). Alopecia in P. mesoamericanus, P. fulvus, A. toltecus, and A. lituratus may be due to hormonal or nutritional imbalances associated with reproduction. In addition, in A. lituratus it may also be the result of environmental stress when foraging in an urban area. The causal agents of alopecia in bats are still not fully known, and it is probably a multifactorial phenomenon. La alopecia, o síndrome de alopecia es la pérdida parcial o total del pelo del cuerpo de un animal. Siguiendo un informe previo sobre murciélagos con alopecia, en este trabajo complementamos la lista de especies de murciélagos con alopecia disponibles en la literatura hasta 2023, agregando filostómidos (Artibeus planirostris, Carollia perspicillata), un embalonúrido (Peropteryx pallidoptera), molósidos (Molossus rufus, Nyctinomops macrotis) y vespertiliónidos (Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Eptesicus fuscus, Nycticeius humeralis, Myotis austroriparius, M. grisescens, M. velifer). También exploramos los factores que pueden explicar la alopecia en los primeros registros de esta condición en diez hembras de Pteronotus mesoamericanus de Oaxaca, sureste de México, registradas desde noviembre de 2020 hasta enero de 2022. En esos individuos se observó pérdida de pelo en el dorso y la cabeza; seis de ellos estaban lactando y cuatro no mostraron evidencia de actividad reproductiva. Además, documentamos alopecia en el tórax en cuatro individuos de tres especies: Artibeus lituratus (una hembra gestante y un macho con testículos escrotados), Pteronotus fulvus (una hembra gestante) y Artibeus toltecus (una hembra gestante). Los murciélagos alopécicos presentaron alopecia leve (el área afectada osciló entre 1–5 cm2), y so","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"159 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.012
W. Markotter, Low De Vries, J. Pawęska
Monitoring of animals over extended periods provides valuable information about their ecology and behaviour. Marking methods have been proposed and successfully used for numerous species, and yet a reliable, inexpensive method has not been found for bats. Available methods, including wing bands and collars, have also caused injury, and, in some cases, lead to death. We propose wing tattoos as an alternative method, as this has been extensively used to mark small mammals in both laboratory and field conditions. Initially we used tattoo equipment from the Animal Identification and Marking System (AIMS™, Canada), but adapted this and bought commercially available tattoo equipment, for human use, to set up our own tattoo system. We captured and tattooed 7,711 bats from 12 species across four years at three locations in South Africa between January 2013 and December 2019. Of these animals a total of 439 were recaptured with one individual captured 2,465 days after the initial tattoo, indicating the longevity of this method. In a captive population of Rousettus aegyptiacus, wing tattoos had no measurable negative effect on the animals, with no deaths and no infections, and remained legible over 927 days. Wing tattoos offer a non-lethal, cost-effective and long-lasting method to mark bats and monitor populations over long distances.
{"title":"Wing Tattoos: A Cost-Effective and Long-Lasting Method for Marking Bats","authors":"W. Markotter, Low De Vries, J. Pawęska","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.012","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of animals over extended periods provides valuable information about their ecology and behaviour. Marking methods have been proposed and successfully used for numerous species, and yet a reliable, inexpensive method has not been found for bats. Available methods, including wing bands and collars, have also caused injury, and, in some cases, lead to death. We propose wing tattoos as an alternative method, as this has been extensively used to mark small mammals in both laboratory and field conditions. Initially we used tattoo equipment from the Animal Identification and Marking System (AIMS™, Canada), but adapted this and bought commercially available tattoo equipment, for human use, to set up our own tattoo system. We captured and tattooed 7,711 bats from 12 species across four years at three locations in South Africa between January 2013 and December 2019. Of these animals a total of 439 were recaptured with one individual captured 2,465 days after the initial tattoo, indicating the longevity of this method. In a captive population of Rousettus aegyptiacus, wing tattoos had no measurable negative effect on the animals, with no deaths and no infections, and remained legible over 927 days. Wing tattoos offer a non-lethal, cost-effective and long-lasting method to mark bats and monitor populations over long distances.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"193 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49325810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.005
Olivia M. Münzer, Hanquan Li, Brian A. Schaetz, A. Kurta
Flexibility in resource selection by a species at the edge of its geographic distribution is a key factor in determining the chance of successful range expansion. The evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) is a medium-sized vespertilionid that is widely distributed over a span of 17 degrees of latitude, from the Gulf of Mexico northward to the Great Lakes in North America. In the core of their range, evening bats prefer mature and commonly available trees that are located close to water sources as maternity roosts. However, data are lacking on roost selection by this wide-ranging species in the periphery of its distribution. In this study, we examined roost selection of the evening bat at the northern edge of its continental range. We radio tracked 44 evening bats in Michigan, United States, and identified 33 maternity trees. We collected variables at individual tree, plot, and landscape scales and compared roost and randomly selected trees. Although evening bats preferred roosting in Fraxinus (ash), we found that the evening bat was a generalist in its choice of roost genera, as long as the tree receives sufficient solar exposure, which is presumably important at the cool, northern edge of its range. At the landscape level, evening bats favored roosts surrounded by a less dense canopy, which would provide easy access for a flying bat and allow considerable solar radiation to strike the tree for additional warmth. We also found that evening bats preferred forest sections with more forest-farmland edges. We suspected that evening bats at the northern edge of their range show less preference in roost selection than evening bats in the core of their range. This flexibility in roost selection could allow the evening bat to expand further north if summers become warmer and other tree-roosting species decline due to white-nose syndrome, thus providing competitive release.
{"title":"Selection of Maternity Roosts by Evening Bats (Nycticeius humeralis) in a Riparian Forest at the Northern Edge of Their Range","authors":"Olivia M. Münzer, Hanquan Li, Brian A. Schaetz, A. Kurta","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Flexibility in resource selection by a species at the edge of its geographic distribution is a key factor in determining the chance of successful range expansion. The evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) is a medium-sized vespertilionid that is widely distributed over a span of 17 degrees of latitude, from the Gulf of Mexico northward to the Great Lakes in North America. In the core of their range, evening bats prefer mature and commonly available trees that are located close to water sources as maternity roosts. However, data are lacking on roost selection by this wide-ranging species in the periphery of its distribution. In this study, we examined roost selection of the evening bat at the northern edge of its continental range. We radio tracked 44 evening bats in Michigan, United States, and identified 33 maternity trees. We collected variables at individual tree, plot, and landscape scales and compared roost and randomly selected trees. Although evening bats preferred roosting in Fraxinus (ash), we found that the evening bat was a generalist in its choice of roost genera, as long as the tree receives sufficient solar exposure, which is presumably important at the cool, northern edge of its range. At the landscape level, evening bats favored roosts surrounded by a less dense canopy, which would provide easy access for a flying bat and allow considerable solar radiation to strike the tree for additional warmth. We also found that evening bats preferred forest sections with more forest-farmland edges. We suspected that evening bats at the northern edge of their range show less preference in roost selection than evening bats in the core of their range. This flexibility in roost selection could allow the evening bat to expand further north if summers become warmer and other tree-roosting species decline due to white-nose syndrome, thus providing competitive release.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"101 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49169230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.006
E. Barbier, Patricia Pilatti, E. Bernard
Lonchophylla is a genus of currently 13 nectar-feeding bat species found throughout Central and South America, including Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903, a species endemic to Brazil. Currently nationally categorized as ‘Data Deficient’, L. mordax has several knowledge gaps, including basic ones on its natural history. Here, we provide information on L. mordax’s pattern of nocturnal activity, reproductive peak, sex and age ratios, its relationship with ectoparasites, as well as its distribution and taxonomy. Fieldwork was conducted in the Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) in north-eastern Brazil between 2012 and 2015, during which we captured 110 L. mordax individuals. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in body mass or forearm length between males and females, with a sex ratio of 1:1. We obtained four adult individuals for every subadult captured. Lonchophylla mordax individuals were active throughout the entire sample night period but with a significant peak in activity in the first 30 min after sunset. The number of captures was strongly negatively correlated with minutes after sunset. Pregnant females were captured between July and February, and subadults were captured mainly in July and August, suggesting that the peak of births occurred at the end of the dry period and the beginning of the rainy period in the study area. Additionally, almost 70% of L. mordax individuals were parasitized by streblid flies, with no significant difference in parasite load observed across seasons, sexes, and ages. However, the individuals’ body condition index was negatively correlated with the parasite load. Natural history research, such as that described here, helps to fill knowledge gaps on L. mordax, including providing data for the decision-making in conservation plans. Moreover, we add information for a species-rich genus with closely related, but poorly-studied, species globally listed as threatened or near-threatened. Lonchophylla es un género de 13 especies de murciélagos que se alimentan de néctar y se encuentran en toda América Central y del Sur, incluyendo Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903, una especie endémica de Brasil. Actualmente categorizada a nivel nacional como ‘Datos Insuficientes’, L. mordax presenta varios vacíos de conocimiento, incluyendo información básica sobre su historia natural. Aquí, proporcionamos información sobre el patrón de actividad nocturna de L. mordax, su pico reproductivo, relaciones de género y edad, su relación con los ectoparásitos, así como su distribución y taxonomía. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en el bioma Caatinga (bosque tropical estacionalmente seco) en el noreste de Brasil entre 2012 y 2015, durante el cual capturamos 110 individuos de L. mordax. Nuestros resultados mostraron que no había una diferencia significativa en la masa corporal o la longitud del antebrazo entre machos y hembras, con una proporción de sexos de 1:1. Se obtuvo cuatro individuos adultos por cada subad
Lonchophylla是目前在中美洲和南美洲发现的13种食蜜蝙蝠中的一个属，其中包括1903年巴西特有的Lonchophylla mordax Thomas。目前在全国范围内被归类为“数据缺乏”，L. mordax有几个知识缺口，包括其自然历史的基本知识。本文对鼠夜蛾的夜间活动模式、繁殖高峰、性别和年龄比、与体外寄生虫的关系、分布和分类等方面进行了研究。2012 - 2015年在巴西东北部的Caatinga(季节性干燥热带森林)进行了野外调查，捕获了110只L. mordax个体。我们的研究结果显示，男性和女性在体重和前臂长度上没有显著差异，性别比例为1:1。每捕获一个亚成虫，我们就捕获四个成虫。mordax lonchophyla个体在整个夜间都很活跃，但在日落后的前30分钟达到了显著的活动高峰。捕获的次数与日落后的分钟数呈强烈负相关。7 - 2月捕获怀孕雌鼠，7 - 8月主要捕获亚成虫，表明研究区旱季末雨季初为产卵高峰期。此外，近70%的L. mordax个体被链蝇寄生，寄生虫负荷在季节、性别和年龄之间没有显著差异。个体体质指数与寄生虫载量呈负相关。自然历史研究，如这里所描述的，有助于填补关于L. mordax的知识空白，包括为保护计划的决策提供数据。此外，我们还添加了一个物种丰富的属的信息，该属与全球被列为受威胁或近危的物种密切相关，但研究较少。Lonchophylla es un genero de 13 especies de结合,se alimentan de花蜜se encuentran en户田拓夫美国中央y▽苏尔,包括Lonchophylla抽烟mordax托马斯,1903年,una especie endemica de巴西。“数据不足”的实际分类，L. mordax提出了各种各样的vacíos de conocimiento，包括información básica sobre su history natural。Aquí， proporcionamos información sobre el patrón de actividad nocturna de L. mordax, su pico reproduction, su relación con los ectoparásitos, así como su distribución y taxonomía。El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en El bioma Caatinga(热带雨林)和cabo en El bioma Caatinga(热带雨林)在2012年至2015年期间在巴西北部捕获了110个L. mordax个体。Nuestros resulttados mostraron que no había没有显著差异，在a - masa下体，a - masa下体，a - brazo下体，a - macho下体，con una proporción de sexos de 1:1。成年后的个体被捕获，成年后的个体被捕获。Los individuos de L. mordax estuvieron activesdurante todo el período de muestreo nocturno, percon con pico significant de activesin Los primeros 30 min, despusamas de la puestreo del solo . el número de capturas se correlacionó negative - vamente de manera significant de Los minutos despusamas del ardecer。Las hembras preñadas fueron capturadas entre julio y febrero, los subadultos fueron capturadas principalmentas julio y agosto, lo que sugiere que que pico de nacientos ocurrió所有final del período secore comienzo del período lluvioso en el área de estudio。Además, casi el 70% de lolos individuos de mordax estistparasitados por moscas Streblidae，在carga parasitaria observada entre estaciones，性别不同年代差异显著。在禁运中，el índice de condición下体de los individuos se correlacionó negativamente con la carga parasitaria。La investigación de La historia natural, como La descriita aquí， ayuda a llenar los vacíos de conocimiento sobre L. mordax, lo que包括比例数据para La toma de decisiones en los planes de conservación。Además, agregamos información关于通讯设备和其他设备的通讯设备的通讯设备的通讯设备的通讯设备、通讯设备的通讯设备、全球通讯设备的通讯设备、通讯设备的通讯设备。
{"title":"Insights into the Natural History of the Nectar-Feeding Bat Lonchophylla mordax (Phyllostomidae), a Data Deficient Species Endemic to Brazil","authors":"E. Barbier, Patricia Pilatti, E. Bernard","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Lonchophylla is a genus of currently 13 nectar-feeding bat species found throughout Central and South America, including Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903, a species endemic to Brazil. Currently nationally categorized as ‘Data Deficient’, L. mordax has several knowledge gaps, including basic ones on its natural history. Here, we provide information on L. mordax’s pattern of nocturnal activity, reproductive peak, sex and age ratios, its relationship with ectoparasites, as well as its distribution and taxonomy. Fieldwork was conducted in the Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) in north-eastern Brazil between 2012 and 2015, during which we captured 110 L. mordax individuals. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in body mass or forearm length between males and females, with a sex ratio of 1:1. We obtained four adult individuals for every subadult captured. Lonchophylla mordax individuals were active throughout the entire sample night period but with a significant peak in activity in the first 30 min after sunset. The number of captures was strongly negatively correlated with minutes after sunset. Pregnant females were captured between July and February, and subadults were captured mainly in July and August, suggesting that the peak of births occurred at the end of the dry period and the beginning of the rainy period in the study area. Additionally, almost 70% of L. mordax individuals were parasitized by streblid flies, with no significant difference in parasite load observed across seasons, sexes, and ages. However, the individuals’ body condition index was negatively correlated with the parasite load. Natural history research, such as that described here, helps to fill knowledge gaps on L. mordax, including providing data for the decision-making in conservation plans. Moreover, we add information for a species-rich genus with closely related, but poorly-studied, species globally listed as threatened or near-threatened. Lonchophylla es un género de 13 especies de murciélagos que se alimentan de néctar y se encuentran en toda América Central y del Sur, incluyendo Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903, una especie endémica de Brasil. Actualmente categorizada a nivel nacional como ‘Datos Insuficientes’, L. mordax presenta varios vacíos de conocimiento, incluyendo información básica sobre su historia natural. Aquí, proporcionamos información sobre el patrón de actividad nocturna de L. mordax, su pico reproductivo, relaciones de género y edad, su relación con los ectoparásitos, así como su distribución y taxonomía. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en el bioma Caatinga (bosque tropical estacionalmente seco) en el noreste de Brasil entre 2012 y 2015, durante el cual capturamos 110 individuos de L. mordax. Nuestros resultados mostraron que no había una diferencia significativa en la masa corporal o la longitud del antebrazo entre machos y hembras, con una proporción de sexos de 1:1. Se obtuvo cuatro individuos adultos por cada subad","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"113 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.011
Ian Davidson-Watts, C. O'donnell
Acoustic lures, using a range of bat social, feeding and distress calls, are being used increasingly to improve capture rates in surveys and ecological studies of bats globally. However, much information on their effectiveness is anecdotal. We tested the effectiveness of the Sussex Autobat acoustic lure system using a standard Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii) social call for catching two rare and endangered New Zealand bat species, the long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) and lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) during lactation and post-lactation periods. The long-tailed bat forages primarily along forest edges, whereas the lesser short-tailed bat forages largely within cluttered forest interiors. Harp traps were set in paired locations over 18 nights in each of the late-lactation and post-lactation periods with an equal treatment/control (lure/no lure) sampling design. Sixty-four long-tailed bats and 97 lesser short-tailed bats were captured, with 100% of long-tailed bats and 93% of short-tailed bats being caught while using acoustic lures. Lesser short-tailed bats were caught more frequently than long-tailed bats, perhaps reflecting the greater abundance of lesser short-tailed bats. Captures were biased towards juveniles and males in both species, regardless of sampling period. Capture rates using lures were about 100 times higher than catch-rates from ‘expert-placed’ traps. Further research is needed to determine (a) if calls of New Zealand bat species (or other calls) can be used to increase capture rates further, and (b) if capture rates of female bats can be improved.
{"title":"Acoustic Lures Increase the Effectiveness of Catching Rare and Endangered Forest-Edge and Forest-Interior Bats","authors":"Ian Davidson-Watts, C. O'donnell","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic lures, using a range of bat social, feeding and distress calls, are being used increasingly to improve capture rates in surveys and ecological studies of bats globally. However, much information on their effectiveness is anecdotal. We tested the effectiveness of the Sussex Autobat acoustic lure system using a standard Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii) social call for catching two rare and endangered New Zealand bat species, the long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) and lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) during lactation and post-lactation periods. The long-tailed bat forages primarily along forest edges, whereas the lesser short-tailed bat forages largely within cluttered forest interiors. Harp traps were set in paired locations over 18 nights in each of the late-lactation and post-lactation periods with an equal treatment/control (lure/no lure) sampling design. Sixty-four long-tailed bats and 97 lesser short-tailed bats were captured, with 100% of long-tailed bats and 93% of short-tailed bats being caught while using acoustic lures. Lesser short-tailed bats were caught more frequently than long-tailed bats, perhaps reflecting the greater abundance of lesser short-tailed bats. Captures were biased towards juveniles and males in both species, regardless of sampling period. Capture rates using lures were about 100 times higher than catch-rates from ‘expert-placed’ traps. Further research is needed to determine (a) if calls of New Zealand bat species (or other calls) can be used to increase capture rates further, and (b) if capture rates of female bats can be improved.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"183 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42131732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.004
R. Owen, Gloria González de Weston, M. Torres, M. B. Barreto Cáceres
Paraguay lies in an area of transition between the tropics and subtropics, and encompasses the interface of six South American ecoregions. Because of its central location within the climatic and biotic schema of the South American continent, Paraguay is ideal for exploring a variety of biogeographic and ecological questions. Several studies have evaluated the taxonomic, biogeographic and migratory status of the 59 species of bats currently recognized in Paraguay, and other studies have evaluated aspects of population genetics and community ecology of frugivorous bats in eastern Paraguayan forests. However, no study has evaluated the environmental factors influencing bat community structure within the mosaic of savanna ecoregions which extend over a majority of the Paraguayan territory. Based on conservative selection criteria, six bat communities from the Cerrado, Humid Chaco and Dry Chaco were evaluated in this study. Climatic data included a suite of temperature and precipitation parameters for each site. Latitude and longitude were also included as factors potentially predicting bat community parameters. Gini-Simpson diversity indices were calculated for each site, separately for species diversity, taxonomic diversity and trophic diversity. Environmental variables were evaluated for their associations with each of the three diversity indices. Significant differences were found among the six sites based on each of the three diversity indices. In general, precipitation variables are more influential than temperature variables in determining bat community diversity levels in Paraguayan savanna ecosystems. Species diversity can best be predicted with a linear combination of mean annual precipitation and mean precipitation of the driest month. Taxonomic diversity is best predicted using mean annual precipitation alone. In contrast, best prediction of trophic diversity is with mean precipitation of driest month. Species and taxonomic diversity patterns were generally concordant for the Cerrado and Humid Chaco communities, whereas trophic diversity was inconsistent among the Humid Chaco communities. An analysis of variance combining the three diversity indices, showed three non-significantly different groups of communities: (1) the two Dry Chaco communities; (2) a Dry Chaco and a Humid Chaco community; and (3) the Cerrado and three Humid Chaco localities. These results should be considered in bat conservation management strategies, which should incorporate benchmarks not only of species diversity, but also of taxonomic and trophic diversity. Paraguay se encuentra en un área de transición entre los trópicos y subtrópicos, abarcando una interfaz de seis ecorregiones sudamericanas. Por su ubicación central a nivel climático y biótico del continente sudamericano, es ideal para presentar diferentes preguntas biogeográficas y ecológicas. Varios estudios han evaluado el estado taxonómico, biogeográfico y migratorio de las 59 especies de murciélagos actualme
巴拉圭位于热带和亚热带之间的过渡地区，包括六个南美洲生态区的界面。由于地处南美大陆气候和生物格局的中心位置，巴拉圭是探索各种生物地理和生态问题的理想之地。一些研究评估了巴拉圭目前已知的59种蝙蝠的分类、生物地理和迁徙状况，其他研究评估了巴拉圭东部森林中食果蝙蝠的种群遗传学和群落生态学方面。然而，没有研究评估影响巴拉圭大部分领土上的热带稀树草原生态区域内蝙蝠群落结构的环境因素。基于保守选择标准，本研究对来自塞拉多、湿查科和干查科的6个蝙蝠群落进行了评估。气候数据包括每个站点的一套温度和降水参数。纬度和经度也作为预测蝙蝠群落参数的潜在因素。分别计算物种多样性、分类多样性和营养多样性的Gini-Simpson多样性指数。评估了环境变量与三个多样性指数之间的关系。6个样地在3个多样性指数上均存在显著差异。总体而言，在决定巴拉圭热带稀树草原生态系统蝙蝠群落多样性水平方面，降水变量比温度变量更有影响力。用年平均降水量和最干月平均降水量的线性组合最能预测物种多样性。分类多样性最好的预测是单独使用平均年降水量。以最干月平均降水量作为预测营养多样性的最佳指标。塞拉多群落和湿润查科群落的物种多样性和分类多样性格局基本一致，而湿润查科群落的营养多样性不一致。结合3个多样性指数进行方差分析，发现3个群落组间差异不显著:(1)2个干查科群落;(2)一个干查科和一个湿查科群落;(3)塞拉多和三个潮湿的查科地区。这些结果应在蝙蝠保护管理策略中加以考虑，不仅应纳入物种多样性的基准，还应纳入分类和营养多样性的基准。巴拉圭看到encuentra en un área de transición entre los trópicos y subtrópicos, abarcando una interfaz de seisecorregiones sudamericana。Por su ubicación central a nivel climático y biótico del continente sudamericano，理想的para现在不同的preguntas biogeográficas y ecológicas。不同的研究机构评估了本国的情况taxonómico, biogeográfico移徙者评估了本国的情况，59个国家的实际登记情况，其他的评估了本国的情况，例如ecología评估了本国的情况，frugívoros评估了巴拉圭的情况，评估了本国的环境因素，评估了本国的结构，评估了本国的环境因素，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况，评估了本国的发展情况。这些评价标准包括:comiscomcomades de murcisamulagos，考虑标准conservadores de selección。Los datos climáticos包括parámetros温度通过precipitación参数情况。La latitude by La longitude包括共同的潜在因素para preformer parámetros de La communidad。Se calcularon por separado， índices de diversidad de Gini-Simpson para cada situation, para diversidad de speciies, diversidad taxonómica y diversidad trófica。Así tamamicassn，环境变量，环境变量，社会评价índice de diversidad。在不同树种(índices de diversidad)中，不同树种的配准率差异显著。Las variables de precipitación influyen más que Las de temperature para determinen los veles de diversides de la comidad en ecosistemas de sabana。La diversidad de species fudeterminada utilizdo La combinación linear de precipitación media annual y precipitación media del mes más seco。La diversidad taxonómica se predice major utility únicamente La precipitación media annual。La predicción de La diversidad trófica es más compleja, ya que combination La precipitación media year, error estándar de precipitación media year, precipitación media del mes más seco y rango de temperature diurna media。Los patrones de diversidad taxonómica de species fueron semejantes para communides del Chaco Húmedo, mientras que la diversidad trófica fue inconsistent entre centres communides del Chaco Húmedo。 分析实际开支的三个多样性指数,表明三社区团体他们一起干查科两族介绍:有着显著的差异;一个来自干查科，一个来自湿查科;塞拉多和潮湿查科的三个地方。这些结果必须考虑到保护管理策略，不仅包括物种多样性的基准，还包括分类多样性和营养多样性的基准。
{"title":"Abiotic Drivers of Bat Community Diversity in a Savanna Mosaic across the Tropical/Subtropical Transition of South America","authors":"R. Owen, Gloria González de Weston, M. Torres, M. B. Barreto Cáceres","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"Paraguay lies in an area of transition between the tropics and subtropics, and encompasses the interface of six South American ecoregions. Because of its central location within the climatic and biotic schema of the South American continent, Paraguay is ideal for exploring a variety of biogeographic and ecological questions. Several studies have evaluated the taxonomic, biogeographic and migratory status of the 59 species of bats currently recognized in Paraguay, and other studies have evaluated aspects of population genetics and community ecology of frugivorous bats in eastern Paraguayan forests. However, no study has evaluated the environmental factors influencing bat community structure within the mosaic of savanna ecoregions which extend over a majority of the Paraguayan territory. Based on conservative selection criteria, six bat communities from the Cerrado, Humid Chaco and Dry Chaco were evaluated in this study. Climatic data included a suite of temperature and precipitation parameters for each site. Latitude and longitude were also included as factors potentially predicting bat community parameters. Gini-Simpson diversity indices were calculated for each site, separately for species diversity, taxonomic diversity and trophic diversity. Environmental variables were evaluated for their associations with each of the three diversity indices. Significant differences were found among the six sites based on each of the three diversity indices. In general, precipitation variables are more influential than temperature variables in determining bat community diversity levels in Paraguayan savanna ecosystems. Species diversity can best be predicted with a linear combination of mean annual precipitation and mean precipitation of the driest month. Taxonomic diversity is best predicted using mean annual precipitation alone. In contrast, best prediction of trophic diversity is with mean precipitation of driest month. Species and taxonomic diversity patterns were generally concordant for the Cerrado and Humid Chaco communities, whereas trophic diversity was inconsistent among the Humid Chaco communities. An analysis of variance combining the three diversity indices, showed three non-significantly different groups of communities: (1) the two Dry Chaco communities; (2) a Dry Chaco and a Humid Chaco community; and (3) the Cerrado and three Humid Chaco localities. These results should be considered in bat conservation management strategies, which should incorporate benchmarks not only of species diversity, but also of taxonomic and trophic diversity. Paraguay se encuentra en un área de transición entre los trópicos y subtrópicos, abarcando una interfaz de seis ecorregiones sudamericanas. Por su ubicación central a nivel climático y biótico del continente sudamericano, es ideal para presentar diferentes preguntas biogeográficas y ecológicas. Varios estudios han evaluado el estado taxonómico, biogeográfico y migratorio de las 59 especies de murciélagos actualme","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"85 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46013028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.001
M. Volleth, K. Heller, C. Tidemann, H. Yong, M. Göpfert, S. Müller
Detailed karyotype analysis including fluorescence in-situ hybridization with chromosome-specific and sub-regional probes revealed novel cytogenetic signatures for elucidating phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionoidea. Two shared derived Robertsonian fusions characterize all members of this superfamily. Further, the majority of Molossidae species show karyotypes with 48 chromosomes, including six of seven species studied here, namely Ozimops petersi, Mormopterus jugularis, Tadarida teniotis, Mops mops, Molossus molossus and M. pretiosus. A shared derived feature of all molossid taxa studied is a variant homolog to Myotis myotis chromosome MMY22. Despite their overall similarity in karyotype composition with one large and three medium-sized bi-armed as well as 19 acrocentric to subtelocentric autosomal pairs, our detailed analysis revealed small differences which shed new light onto molossid phylogenetic relationships. Because of the retention of several ancestral chromosomal characters, O. petersi and M. jugularis represent early offshoots of the molossid tree. A unique derived paracentric inversion in the MMY6 homolog unites all other molossids studied so far. The next species to branch off is T. tadarida, followed by a group composed of M. mops and all studied New World taxa, united by a further derived inversion in the MMY5 homolog. In the light of our findings, we recommend to elevate the subspecies M. t. griseiventer to species rank, because the specimen from Venezuela with a 2n = 42 karyotype differed clearly from the nominate subspecies Molossops t. temminckii with 2n = 48. Further, karyotypes of Miniopterus and Natalus were studied. In the 2n = 46 chromosomal complement of the family Miniopteridae a large number of autapomorphic characters were found. Based on the observation of a common derived condition of the MMY22 homolog, we assume that long-winged bats (Miniopteridae) are closer related to vespertilionids than to molossids. Finally, karyotype comparison in Natalus revealed two autapomorphic characters in the 2n = 36 chromosomal complement.
{"title":"Karyotype Evolution in Vespertilionoidea: Centromere Repositioning and Inversions in Molossidae (Chiroptera, Mammalia)","authors":"M. Volleth, K. Heller, C. Tidemann, H. Yong, M. Göpfert, S. Müller","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed karyotype analysis including fluorescence in-situ hybridization with chromosome-specific and sub-regional probes revealed novel cytogenetic signatures for elucidating phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionoidea. Two shared derived Robertsonian fusions characterize all members of this superfamily. Further, the majority of Molossidae species show karyotypes with 48 chromosomes, including six of seven species studied here, namely Ozimops petersi, Mormopterus jugularis, Tadarida teniotis, Mops mops, Molossus molossus and M. pretiosus. A shared derived feature of all molossid taxa studied is a variant homolog to Myotis myotis chromosome MMY22. Despite their overall similarity in karyotype composition with one large and three medium-sized bi-armed as well as 19 acrocentric to subtelocentric autosomal pairs, our detailed analysis revealed small differences which shed new light onto molossid phylogenetic relationships. Because of the retention of several ancestral chromosomal characters, O. petersi and M. jugularis represent early offshoots of the molossid tree. A unique derived paracentric inversion in the MMY6 homolog unites all other molossids studied so far. The next species to branch off is T. tadarida, followed by a group composed of M. mops and all studied New World taxa, united by a further derived inversion in the MMY5 homolog. In the light of our findings, we recommend to elevate the subspecies M. t. griseiventer to species rank, because the specimen from Venezuela with a 2n = 42 karyotype differed clearly from the nominate subspecies Molossops t. temminckii with 2n = 48. Further, karyotypes of Miniopterus and Natalus were studied. In the 2n = 46 chromosomal complement of the family Miniopteridae a large number of autapomorphic characters were found. Based on the observation of a common derived condition of the MMY22 homolog, we assume that long-winged bats (Miniopteridae) are closer related to vespertilionids than to molossids. Finally, karyotype comparison in Natalus revealed two autapomorphic characters in the 2n = 36 chromosomal complement.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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