Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.009
T. Vieira, L. C. D. da Silva, M. Oprea, P. Mendes, V. Pimenta, D. Brito, C. Esbérard, Ludmilla M. de Souza Aguiar, A. Ditchfield
Restingas are ecosystems located in the coastal regions of the Atlantic forest, characterized by heterogeneous vegetation of sandy soil. This region has historically come under severe human pressure, and a large portion of these areas have been lost or degraded. The mammalian fauna of restingas is poorly known particularly for bats. This lack of information prevents a better understanding of the biological processes affecting bats and restingas and may severely impair conservation actions. Here we analyze bat species composition, richness, and similarity in 17 restingas sites in Brazil to check whether bat community composition is correlated with geographic distance among sites. We conducted an extensive survey of a published scientific literature to gather data and have a picture of the current knowledge on restinga bats. Until now, 40 bat species are documented in the restingas ecosystems. The richest restinga was in Jurubatiba National Park, and those with the lowest species richness were in Ilha de Cabo Frio, Saquarema, and Barra de Maricá. We found no relationship between geographic distance and dissimilarity on species composition among restingas sites. Although much attention has been paid to sampling this area, it has not been sampled uniformly. In fact, restingas have been undersampled causing a lack of recognition of how important these areas are biologically.
Restingas是位于大西洋森林沿海地区的生态系统，其特征是沙质土壤的异质性植被。历史上，该地区一直承受着严重的人类压力，其中很大一部分地区已经消失或退化。栖息动物的哺乳动物群鲜为人知，尤其是蝙蝠。这种信息的缺乏阻碍了对影响蝙蝠和休息的生物过程的更好理解，并可能严重损害保护行动。本文分析了巴西17个休息点的蝙蝠种类组成、丰富度和相似性，以检验蝙蝠群落组成是否与地点之间的地理距离相关。我们对已发表的科学文献进行了广泛的调查，以收集数据，并对目前关于栖息蝙蝠的知识有一个了解。到目前为止，在该地的生态系统中记录了40种蝙蝠。物种丰富度最丰富的是juruatiba国家公园，物种丰富度最低的是Ilha de Cabo Frio、Saquarema和Barra de maric。地理距离与不同栖地物种组成差异无明显关系。虽然对这一地区的采样已经引起了很大的关注，但采样并不均匀。事实上，这些地区的采样不足，导致人们对这些地区在生物学上的重要性认识不足。
{"title":"Species Composition of Bats in Brazilian Restingas: Testing Environmental Versus Geographical Hypotheses for Community Composition","authors":"T. Vieira, L. C. D. da Silva, M. Oprea, P. Mendes, V. Pimenta, D. Brito, C. Esbérard, Ludmilla M. de Souza Aguiar, A. Ditchfield","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"Restingas are ecosystems located in the coastal regions of the Atlantic forest, characterized by heterogeneous vegetation of sandy soil. This region has historically come under severe human pressure, and a large portion of these areas have been lost or degraded. The mammalian fauna of restingas is poorly known particularly for bats. This lack of information prevents a better understanding of the biological processes affecting bats and restingas and may severely impair conservation actions. Here we analyze bat species composition, richness, and similarity in 17 restingas sites in Brazil to check whether bat community composition is correlated with geographic distance among sites. We conducted an extensive survey of a published scientific literature to gather data and have a picture of the current knowledge on restinga bats. Until now, 40 bat species are documented in the restingas ecosystems. The richest restinga was in Jurubatiba National Park, and those with the lowest species richness were in Ilha de Cabo Frio, Saquarema, and Barra de Maricá. We found no relationship between geographic distance and dissimilarity on species composition among restingas sites. Although much attention has been paid to sampling this area, it has not been sampled uniformly. In fact, restingas have been undersampled causing a lack of recognition of how important these areas are biologically.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"115 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.020
R. J. Barrón-Rodríguez, R. Parra-Laca, E. Rojas-Anaya, Jose A. I. Romero‐Espinoza, J. Ayala-Sumuano, J. Vázquez-Pérez, G. García-Espinosa, E. Loza-Rubio
Some emerging and reemerging diseases have been associated with certain species of bats. These diseases have emerged in anthropogenic environments where the conditions for spillover of infectious agents between bats, domestic animals, and humans are present. Mexico is the country with the fourth highest bat diversity in the world, and some of these bat species live in anthropogenic environments such as a backyard production system. The objective of this study was to analyze the virome of three species of bats (Artibeus spp., Macrotus waterhousii and Pteronotus parnellii) that inhabit roosts near rural backyard farms and have large geographic distributions. Rectal swabs were taken and analyzed by the next-generation sequencing (NGS). Thus, it was possible to study the virome of these bat species which has not been previously reported. In one of them, P. parnellii, sequences of the family Coronaviridae were found. The detected viral communities of these three bat species included mostly bacteriophages while showing low numbers for known animal viruses. Viral diversities varied among the species studied and differed from previous studies. The findings of this research contribute to our knowledge of the virome of bat species which have large geographical distributions and, as in this case, inhabit anthropogenic habitats differing from intensive farms or urban settelments.
{"title":"Evidence of Viral Communities in Three Species of Bats from Rural Environment in Mexico","authors":"R. J. Barrón-Rodríguez, R. Parra-Laca, E. Rojas-Anaya, Jose A. I. Romero‐Espinoza, J. Ayala-Sumuano, J. Vázquez-Pérez, G. García-Espinosa, E. Loza-Rubio","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.020","url":null,"abstract":"Some emerging and reemerging diseases have been associated with certain species of bats. These diseases have emerged in anthropogenic environments where the conditions for spillover of infectious agents between bats, domestic animals, and humans are present. Mexico is the country with the fourth highest bat diversity in the world, and some of these bat species live in anthropogenic environments such as a backyard production system. The objective of this study was to analyze the virome of three species of bats (Artibeus spp., Macrotus waterhousii and Pteronotus parnellii) that inhabit roosts near rural backyard farms and have large geographic distributions. Rectal swabs were taken and analyzed by the next-generation sequencing (NGS). Thus, it was possible to study the virome of these bat species which has not been previously reported. In one of them, P. parnellii, sequences of the family Coronaviridae were found. The detected viral communities of these three bat species included mostly bacteriophages while showing low numbers for known animal viruses. Viral diversities varied among the species studied and differed from previous studies. The findings of this research contribute to our knowledge of the virome of bat species which have large geographical distributions and, as in this case, inhabit anthropogenic habitats differing from intensive farms or urban settelments.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"249 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46735822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.015
Sergey I. Didorenko, A. D. Botvinkin, V. Takhteev
In the present paper, we document a previously unknown phenomenon — the feeding of Myotis petax on fresh water pelagic crustaceans. A series of photographs are presented demonstrating the different phases of successful attacks of the bats on the amphipod Macrohectopus branickii. This crustacean, endemic to Lake Baikal, performs vertical migrations in the water column at night and sometimes forms mass accumulations near its surface. The observations presented expand the prey list of the ‘trawling Myotis’ and also supplement the picture of trophic relationships of the pelagic organisms of the ancient and deep Lake Baikal with terrestrial vertebrates.
{"title":"Myotis petax (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) Preys on Pelagic Amphipoda (Crustacea, Gammaroidea) of Lake Baikal","authors":"Sergey I. Didorenko, A. D. Botvinkin, V. Takhteev","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.015","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we document a previously unknown phenomenon — the feeding of Myotis petax on fresh water pelagic crustaceans. A series of photographs are presented demonstrating the different phases of successful attacks of the bats on the amphipod Macrohectopus branickii. This crustacean, endemic to Lake Baikal, performs vertical migrations in the water column at night and sometimes forms mass accumulations near its surface. The observations presented expand the prey list of the ‘trawling Myotis’ and also supplement the picture of trophic relationships of the pelagic organisms of the ancient and deep Lake Baikal with terrestrial vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"187 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.005
Peter T. Andrews, M. Andrews, T. P. McOwat, Paul Culyer, R. Haycock, Ann N. Haycock, David J. Harries, Neil P. Andrews, R. Stebbings
Movements of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in and out of the nursery roost at Stackpole (West Wales, U.K.) were monitored automatically from 1994 to 2018 with simultaneous measurements of roost and external air temperatures. Pups were counted manually in June–July and mean birth dates calculated. Maximal foraging times of the population between 16:00 h and 08:00 h and temperatures at midnight showed three types of activity. These types of activity explained why warmer springs were followed by earlier birth dates. When April was warmer the number of degree days, linked to the activity of night-flying insects, was higher so the maximal foraging times were longer. Hence, mean birth dates were earlier due to faster gestation. The indirect effect of degree days on the birth date, measured by the partial regression coefficient (ß = -0.321), was weaker than the direct effect (ß = -0.628) and the mediating effect of maximal foraging time was significant (P < 0.001). During May–June and June–July bats foraged mainly from dusk to dawn so there was little variation in the maximal foraging times of the population, and it did not significantly mediate the effect of temperature on birth date. Birth dates were later when the external temperatures in June–July were higher (ß = 0.309), but the effect was small (R2 = 9.5%). Path analysis further revealed that longer maximal foraging times of the population in April predicted the year-to-year changes in the number of births and subsequently the number of adult females. Maximal foraging times of the population in April were a major influence on birth timing and ultimately determined whether the population grew or declined.
{"title":"Foraging Time and Temperature Affected Birth Timing of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Predicted Year-To-Year Changes for 25 Years in a Population in West Wales, U.K.","authors":"Peter T. Andrews, M. Andrews, T. P. McOwat, Paul Culyer, R. Haycock, Ann N. Haycock, David J. Harries, Neil P. Andrews, R. Stebbings","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Movements of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in and out of the nursery roost at Stackpole (West Wales, U.K.) were monitored automatically from 1994 to 2018 with simultaneous measurements of roost and external air temperatures. Pups were counted manually in June–July and mean birth dates calculated. Maximal foraging times of the population between 16:00 h and 08:00 h and temperatures at midnight showed three types of activity. These types of activity explained why warmer springs were followed by earlier birth dates. When April was warmer the number of degree days, linked to the activity of night-flying insects, was higher so the maximal foraging times were longer. Hence, mean birth dates were earlier due to faster gestation. The indirect effect of degree days on the birth date, measured by the partial regression coefficient (ß = -0.321), was weaker than the direct effect (ß = -0.628) and the mediating effect of maximal foraging time was significant (P < 0.001). During May–June and June–July bats foraged mainly from dusk to dawn so there was little variation in the maximal foraging times of the population, and it did not significantly mediate the effect of temperature on birth date. Birth dates were later when the external temperatures in June–July were higher (ß = 0.309), but the effect was small (R2 = 9.5%). Path analysis further revealed that longer maximal foraging times of the population in April predicted the year-to-year changes in the number of births and subsequently the number of adult females. Maximal foraging times of the population in April were a major influence on birth timing and ultimately determined whether the population grew or declined.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"65 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.016
Nicola Hanrahan, Anastasia H. Dalziell, C. Turbill, K. Armstrong, J. Welbergen
The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) is a carnivorous species of bat endemic to northern Australia that roosts in colonies of up to 1,500 individuals. The ghost bat produces a number of social vocalisations, but little is known about the species' behaviour and what role social vocalisations play in interactions between conspecifics. The aim of this study was to construct an ethogram of ghost bat behaviours and to determine the associations between behaviours and social vocalisations. To achieve our aims, we filmed the behaviour of a captive ghost bat colony (one male, five females) using four trail cameras installed within the enclosure over a six-week period, coinciding with the estimated mating season. Video recordings were examined by eye, and solitary and social behaviours were catalogued into distinct behavioural units (e.g. hang-alert, chew, wing-groom, etc.) along with social context and associated social vocalisations, if applicable. To assess the associations between behavioural interactions and social vocalisation types, we combined each of the catalogued social behavioural units into six behavioural classes (eating, grooming, mating, huddling, flying, and fighting) and used generalised linear models to determine which social behavioural classes significantly predicted the production of each vocalisation. There was a strong association between flight behaviour by a member of the colony and the production of the ‘Chirp-trill’ vocalisation by the male member of the colony, suggesting a territorial or mate attraction function. There was also a strong association between fighting behaviour and the production of the ‘Squabble’, ‘Rasp’ and ‘Grumble’ vocalisations, with the Squabble and Rasp likely representing levels of agonistic vocalisations produced by aggressive bats during altercations. The Grumble, on the other hand, was produced by the target of the aggressor and so may function as an appeasement call. The ethogram with its associated social vocalisations provides a formal basis for future behavioural studies in this species and can serve as a template for such studies in other echolocating bats. Our study revealed an unexpected degree of complexity in the behaviour and associated vocalisations in this species and highlights the need for studies of this kind in other bats.
{"title":"Ethogram of Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas) Behaviours and Associated Social Vocalisations","authors":"Nicola Hanrahan, Anastasia H. Dalziell, C. Turbill, K. Armstrong, J. Welbergen","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.016","url":null,"abstract":"The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) is a carnivorous species of bat endemic to northern Australia that roosts in colonies of up to 1,500 individuals. The ghost bat produces a number of social vocalisations, but little is known about the species' behaviour and what role social vocalisations play in interactions between conspecifics. The aim of this study was to construct an ethogram of ghost bat behaviours and to determine the associations between behaviours and social vocalisations. To achieve our aims, we filmed the behaviour of a captive ghost bat colony (one male, five females) using four trail cameras installed within the enclosure over a six-week period, coinciding with the estimated mating season. Video recordings were examined by eye, and solitary and social behaviours were catalogued into distinct behavioural units (e.g. hang-alert, chew, wing-groom, etc.) along with social context and associated social vocalisations, if applicable. To assess the associations between behavioural interactions and social vocalisation types, we combined each of the catalogued social behavioural units into six behavioural classes (eating, grooming, mating, huddling, flying, and fighting) and used generalised linear models to determine which social behavioural classes significantly predicted the production of each vocalisation. There was a strong association between flight behaviour by a member of the colony and the production of the ‘Chirp-trill’ vocalisation by the male member of the colony, suggesting a territorial or mate attraction function. There was also a strong association between fighting behaviour and the production of the ‘Squabble’, ‘Rasp’ and ‘Grumble’ vocalisations, with the Squabble and Rasp likely representing levels of agonistic vocalisations produced by aggressive bats during altercations. The Grumble, on the other hand, was produced by the target of the aggressor and so may function as an appeasement call. The ethogram with its associated social vocalisations provides a formal basis for future behavioural studies in this species and can serve as a template for such studies in other echolocating bats. Our study revealed an unexpected degree of complexity in the behaviour and associated vocalisations in this species and highlights the need for studies of this kind in other bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"195 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45707805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.007
C. Diggins, W. Ford
In the southern Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern USA, bat communities in high-elevation habitats tend to be relatively under-surveyed. High-elevation habitats may provide important habitat to certain species (i.e., migratory tree bats), and may serve as climate refugia during droughts or high temperatures. We conducted an opportunistic acoustic survey of bat communities in ten survey areas in high elevation (1,585–1,920 m a.s.l.) montane Picea rubens (red spruce)-Abies fraseri (Fraser fir) forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. In each survey area, we randomly placed three full spectrum acoustic detectors (N = 30) during three seasons (spring, summer and fall) in 2015. We deployed each detector for two five-day periods during each season (n = 900 survey nights). Although we detected seven bat species/groups during the surveys, 73% of echolocation files were attributed to Lasiurus cinereus (hoary bat) and Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat). Generally rare in the Appalachians and typically present only at low densities in the summer at mid- and low-elevations, both species were detected at all sites during all seasons. Overall, mean nightly activity of bats was higher in the summer than the spring or fall. We observed 3.7–5 times greater activity of L. cinereus in spruce-fir forests during the summer compared to spring and fall, whereas L. noctivagans had 1.3–5 times more activity in the summer compared to other seasons. After accounting for precipitation events, our finite mixture models showed that season, temperature, elevation, and canopy height influenced L. cinereus activity, whereas season and temperature affected L. noctivagans activity. Our observations suggest that high-elevation spruce-fir forests are providing summer foraging and possibly day-roosting habitat of tree bats not previously documented this far south in North America.
在美国东南部阿巴拉契亚山脉南部，高海拔栖息地的蝙蝠群落往往调查相对不足。高海拔栖息地可能为某些物种（即迁徙的树蝙蝠）提供重要的栖息地，并可能在干旱或高温期间作为气候避难所。我们在北卡罗来纳州西部阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的高海拔（1585–1920 m a.s.l.）山地云杉-冷杉林的十个调查区对蝙蝠群落进行了机会性声学调查。在每个调查区域，我们在2015年的三个季节（春季、夏季和秋季）随机放置了三个全谱声学探测器（N=30）。我们在每个季节部署了两个为期五天的探测器（n=900个调查夜晚）。尽管我们在调查中检测到了七种蝙蝠，但73%的回声定位文件归因于灰蝙蝠（Lasiurus cinereus）和夜蛾（Lasionycteris noctivagans）。这两种物种在阿巴拉契亚山脉普遍罕见，通常只在夏季中低海拔地区以低密度出现，在所有季节的所有地点都能检测到。总体而言，蝙蝠的平均夜间活动在夏季高于春季或秋季。我们观察到，与春季和秋季相比，夏季云杉-冷杉林中灰蝶乳杆菌的活性高出3.7-5倍，而夜蛾乳杆菌在夏季的活性是其他季节的1.3-5倍。在考虑了降水事件后，我们的有限混合模型表明，季节、温度、海拔和冠层高度影响灰蝶的活动，而季节和温度影响夜蛾的活动。我们的观察结果表明，高海拔的云杉冷杉林为北美南部的树蝙蝠提供了夏季觅食和可能的日间栖息栖息地。
{"title":"Seasonal Activity Patterns of Bats in High-Elevation Conifer Sky Islands","authors":"C. Diggins, W. Ford","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"In the southern Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern USA, bat communities in high-elevation habitats tend to be relatively under-surveyed. High-elevation habitats may provide important habitat to certain species (i.e., migratory tree bats), and may serve as climate refugia during droughts or high temperatures. We conducted an opportunistic acoustic survey of bat communities in ten survey areas in high elevation (1,585–1,920 m a.s.l.) montane Picea rubens (red spruce)-Abies fraseri (Fraser fir) forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. In each survey area, we randomly placed three full spectrum acoustic detectors (N = 30) during three seasons (spring, summer and fall) in 2015. We deployed each detector for two five-day periods during each season (n = 900 survey nights). Although we detected seven bat species/groups during the surveys, 73% of echolocation files were attributed to Lasiurus cinereus (hoary bat) and Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat). Generally rare in the Appalachians and typically present only at low densities in the summer at mid- and low-elevations, both species were detected at all sites during all seasons. Overall, mean nightly activity of bats was higher in the summer than the spring or fall. We observed 3.7–5 times greater activity of L. cinereus in spruce-fir forests during the summer compared to spring and fall, whereas L. noctivagans had 1.3–5 times more activity in the summer compared to other seasons. After accounting for precipitation events, our finite mixture models showed that season, temperature, elevation, and canopy height influenced L. cinereus activity, whereas season and temperature affected L. noctivagans activity. Our observations suggest that high-elevation spruce-fir forests are providing summer foraging and possibly day-roosting habitat of tree bats not previously documented this far south in North America.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"91 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001
T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. Ukuwela, S. Kruskop, C. Amarasinghe, Uttam Saikia, P. Venugopal, Mathisha Karunarathna, R. Gamage, M. Ruedi, G. Csorba, W. Yapa, Bruce D. Patterson
The genus Miniopterus is a monophyletic assemblage of many species characterized by remarkably conservative morphology. The number of recognized species has more than doubled over the last two decades, mainly with newly recognized Afrotropical and Malagasy species. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed a monophyletic clade of Miniopterus from Sri Lanka and southern India that is distinct from the other known taxa of this genus. The mean uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence among the three gene sequences of this new Miniopterus lineage was 0.83% (range 0.4–1.2%) and between this and other sampled taxa was 12.7% (range 8.5–15.9%). This lineage was also distinctive in craniodental morphometrics and hence it is herein described as a new species. The newly described species is easily distinguished by its external and cranial dimensions from its smaller (M. pusillus) and larger (M. magnater) congeners in India and Sri Lanka. It is also somewhat smaller than M. fuliginosus in both external and cranial dimensions. This is the first description of a new Miniopterus species from Asia in six decades and from India and Sri Lanka in eight decades. Our study highlights the importance of using both genetic and morphometric analyses in taxonomic studies on South Asian bats.
{"title":"DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka","authors":"T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. Ukuwela, S. Kruskop, C. Amarasinghe, Uttam Saikia, P. Venugopal, Mathisha Karunarathna, R. Gamage, M. Ruedi, G. Csorba, W. Yapa, Bruce D. Patterson","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Miniopterus is a monophyletic assemblage of many species characterized by remarkably conservative morphology. The number of recognized species has more than doubled over the last two decades, mainly with newly recognized Afrotropical and Malagasy species. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed a monophyletic clade of Miniopterus from Sri Lanka and southern India that is distinct from the other known taxa of this genus. The mean uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence among the three gene sequences of this new Miniopterus lineage was 0.83% (range 0.4–1.2%) and between this and other sampled taxa was 12.7% (range 8.5–15.9%). This lineage was also distinctive in craniodental morphometrics and hence it is herein described as a new species. The newly described species is easily distinguished by its external and cranial dimensions from its smaller (M. pusillus) and larger (M. magnater) congeners in India and Sri Lanka. It is also somewhat smaller than M. fuliginosus in both external and cranial dimensions. This is the first description of a new Miniopterus species from Asia in six decades and from India and Sri Lanka in eight decades. Our study highlights the importance of using both genetic and morphometric analyses in taxonomic studies on South Asian bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.011
R. Gregorin, Arhtur Tahara, M. Mancini, K. Lobão, L. Oliveira, V. Tavares
Richness is a key variable for understanding biodiversity, and estimates of species occurrence should be as comprehensive as possible and based on reliable records. The employment of diversified methods to be able to detect species, and of adequate sampling efforts is crucial for estimating the richness of bats occurring in highly complex tropical forests. We herein analyzed the richness of bats from one of the largest remnants of the semideciduous Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil, the state conservation park called Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), based on data from the 1990s and from 2012 to 2016. Based on mixed sampling techniques, including ground-level and canopy nets, acoustic surveys, and roost searching we have revealed that this single state reserve of PERD has the highest bat richness recorded to date among semideciduous Atlantic Forest locations. A total of 54 bat species have been recorded for PERD, including two recently described species from the genera Thyroptera (Thyropteridae) and Eumops (Molossidae). Our data reinforce the value of diversifying sampling methods and the role of PERD as key area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biome.
丰富程度是了解生物多样性的一个关键变量，对物种发生的估计应尽可能全面，并基于可靠的记录。采用多样化的方法来检测物种，并进行充分的采样，对于估计高度复杂的热带森林中蝙蝠的丰富度至关重要。在此，我们根据20世纪90年代和2012年至2016年的数据，分析了巴西东南部半独立大西洋森林最大的遗迹之一，名为Parque Estadial do Rio Doce（PERD）的国家保护公园蝙蝠的丰富度。基于混合采样技术，包括地面和遮篷网、声学调查和栖息地搜索，我们发现，这个PERD的单一州保护区是迄今为止记录的半熟大西洋森林中蝙蝠丰富度最高的地区。共有54种蝙蝠物种被记录为PERD，其中包括最近描述的两种蝙蝠，分别属于Thyroptera属（Thyropteriae）和Eumops属（Molossidae）。我们的数据强化了多样化采样方法的价值，以及PERD作为大西洋森林生物群落保护关键领域的作用。
{"title":"Mixed Sampling Methods Reveal Elevated Bat Richness in a Semideciduous Atlantic Forest Remnant","authors":"R. Gregorin, Arhtur Tahara, M. Mancini, K. Lobão, L. Oliveira, V. Tavares","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"Richness is a key variable for understanding biodiversity, and estimates of species occurrence should be as comprehensive as possible and based on reliable records. The employment of diversified methods to be able to detect species, and of adequate sampling efforts is crucial for estimating the richness of bats occurring in highly complex tropical forests. We herein analyzed the richness of bats from one of the largest remnants of the semideciduous Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil, the state conservation park called Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), based on data from the 1990s and from 2012 to 2016. Based on mixed sampling techniques, including ground-level and canopy nets, acoustic surveys, and roost searching we have revealed that this single state reserve of PERD has the highest bat richness recorded to date among semideciduous Atlantic Forest locations. A total of 54 bat species have been recorded for PERD, including two recently described species from the genera Thyroptera (Thyropteridae) and Eumops (Molossidae). Our data reinforce the value of diversifying sampling methods and the role of PERD as key area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biome.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"139 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43814907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.013
R. Schorr, Michael D. Matthews, Bailey A. Hoover
When white-nose syndrome arrived in eastern North America, bat colonies declined at an alarming rate and the large-scale mortality events were obvious at caves and mines. However, there is concern that the disease and its impacts will be more difficult to detect in western North America where there are fewer winter roosts with thousands of bats. Thus, documenting and responding to precipitous declines will be more challenging. To allow population-level monitoring, western biologists and land managers need to expand search efforts for colonies. One roosting resource that is under-sampled is cliffs, and although we know bats roost along cliffs, biologists know little about roost-site characteristics or the colonies that reside there. Two methods of identifying bat roosts along cliff systems are to collaborate with rock-climbing citizen scientists who report bat encounters, and another is to conduct rock-climbing surveys for bats. We conducted acoustic surveys, thermal videography, and climber-based surveys along the Front Range of northern Colorado, USA, to find bats and describe their roosting habitat. We climbed 48 routes and located two roosts, and received an additional citizen-science record of a third roost. Bats use cracks that were east facing and approximately 12 m above the ground. Climber-based surveys can locate bats and roosting habitat along cliffs, and identify large colonies to be monitored. Targeting climber-based surveys in areas with recreational-climbing citizen-science records may increase the likelihood of finding bat roosts and bat colonies.
{"title":"Finding Bat Roosts along Cliffs: Using Rock Climbing Surveys to Identify Roosting Habitat of Bats","authors":"R. Schorr, Michael D. Matthews, Bailey A. Hoover","doi":"10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"When white-nose syndrome arrived in eastern North America, bat colonies declined at an alarming rate and the large-scale mortality events were obvious at caves and mines. However, there is concern that the disease and its impacts will be more difficult to detect in western North America where there are fewer winter roosts with thousands of bats. Thus, documenting and responding to precipitous declines will be more challenging. To allow population-level monitoring, western biologists and land managers need to expand search efforts for colonies. One roosting resource that is under-sampled is cliffs, and although we know bats roost along cliffs, biologists know little about roost-site characteristics or the colonies that reside there. Two methods of identifying bat roosts along cliff systems are to collaborate with rock-climbing citizen scientists who report bat encounters, and another is to conduct rock-climbing surveys for bats. We conducted acoustic surveys, thermal videography, and climber-based surveys along the Front Range of northern Colorado, USA, to find bats and describe their roosting habitat. We climbed 48 routes and located two roosts, and received an additional citizen-science record of a third roost. Bats use cracks that were east facing and approximately 12 m above the ground. Climber-based surveys can locate bats and roosting habitat along cliffs, and identify large colonies to be monitored. Targeting climber-based surveys in areas with recreational-climbing citizen-science records may increase the likelihood of finding bat roosts and bat colonies.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"167 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49333256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.017
C. N. Martín-Regalado, S. C. Pedersen, M. Lavariega
Reports of hair loss in bats in the wild are scarce and have not been summarized. We performed a literature review to summarize the affected species, prevalence, clinic diagnostics, and factors that cause alopecia in bats. We found only 28 studies that reported alopecia in 26 species of bats, within five families. Together, these studies examined 10,186 bats, of which 10.8% had alopecia, with a sex bias to females (3:1). Most studies did not identify a specific ethologic agent responsible for the hair loss. However, alopecia was attributed to five non-exclusive causes: endocrine factors related to reproduction and lactation, ectoparasites, the ingestion of toxins, and environmental stress. In the latter, anthropogenic stressors are of increasing concern — the incidence of alopecia in urban areas reflects reproductive stress, limited food availability, roost disturbance, and pollution in these poor-quality environments. Better reporting of alopecia in bats would help us better understand this pathology and to precisely measure environmental stress in these animals.
{"title":"Alopecia in Bats","authors":"C. N. Martín-Regalado, S. C. Pedersen, M. Lavariega","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.017","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of hair loss in bats in the wild are scarce and have not been summarized. We performed a literature review to summarize the affected species, prevalence, clinic diagnostics, and factors that cause alopecia in bats. We found only 28 studies that reported alopecia in 26 species of bats, within five families. Together, these studies examined 10,186 bats, of which 10.8% had alopecia, with a sex bias to females (3:1). Most studies did not identify a specific ethologic agent responsible for the hair loss. However, alopecia was attributed to five non-exclusive causes: endocrine factors related to reproduction and lactation, ectoparasites, the ingestion of toxins, and environmental stress. In the latter, anthropogenic stressors are of increasing concern — the incidence of alopecia in urban areas reflects reproductive stress, limited food availability, roost disturbance, and pollution in these poor-quality environments. Better reporting of alopecia in bats would help us better understand this pathology and to precisely measure environmental stress in these animals.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"24 1","pages":"209 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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