Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.006
Ihor Tovstuha, O. Timofieieva, V. Kovalov, A. Vlaschenko
We examined the effects of the level of internal 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations on hematological parameters of bats captured in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine). In total, 68 animals of six bat species were live-monitored with measurement of the whole-body activity concentrations of the two radionuclides (90Sr and 137Cs) and blood sampling for further analysis. We found statistically significant positive correlations between the blood neutrophil count and whole-body 90Sr activity concentration in individuals of Eptesicus serotinus; and between the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and 90Sr concentration, and between the red blood cell (RBC) count and 137Cs concentration in Vespertilio murinus. We did not observe any correlation between concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs and hematological parameters in individuals of Pipistrellus nathusii. Moreover, none of these three species showed significant sexual (male versus female) or age (adult versus sexually immature) differences in 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations. Our results contribute to better knowledge and understanding of the eco-immunology of free-ranging bats in one of the most radioactively contaminated areas in the world — the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between radionuclide contamination and hematological parameters of bats.
{"title":"Effect of 90Sr and 137Cs concentration on Hematological Parameters of Bats in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine)","authors":"Ihor Tovstuha, O. Timofieieva, V. Kovalov, A. Vlaschenko","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effects of the level of internal 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations on hematological parameters of bats captured in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine). In total, 68 animals of six bat species were live-monitored with measurement of the whole-body activity concentrations of the two radionuclides (90Sr and 137Cs) and blood sampling for further analysis. We found statistically significant positive correlations between the blood neutrophil count and whole-body 90Sr activity concentration in individuals of Eptesicus serotinus; and between the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and 90Sr concentration, and between the red blood cell (RBC) count and 137Cs concentration in Vespertilio murinus. We did not observe any correlation between concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs and hematological parameters in individuals of Pipistrellus nathusii. Moreover, none of these three species showed significant sexual (male versus female) or age (adult versus sexually immature) differences in 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations. Our results contribute to better knowledge and understanding of the eco-immunology of free-ranging bats in one of the most radioactively contaminated areas in the world — the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between radionuclide contamination and hematological parameters of bats.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"371 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47706287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.005
N. Furey, V. Tu, A. Hitch, Awatsaya Pimsai, Chor Kimashalen, Buor Vuthy, Yim Raksmey, C. Sarak, S. Borthwick, Lena Ch'ng, Say Sinly, G. Csorba, Ith Saveng, Gavin J. D. Smith, Chheang Dany, I. Mendenhall
Knowledge of the Cambodian bat fauna has grown in recent years, although much remains to be learnt. Based on field surveys undertaken throughout the country in 2014–2020 and using morphological (external, cranial and dental characters), genetic and acoustic data, we document the first records of six bat species nationally (Rhinolophus marshalli, R. siamensis, Hipposideros halophyllus, H. lekaguli, Cassistrellus yokdonensis and Eptesicus pachyomus) and the second in-country record for an additional species (Saccolaimus saccolaimus). All of these taxa were encountered in Cambodia's understudied border regions where literature for neighbouring territories suggests future field research will likely reveal other bat species presently unknown in the country. We also comment on the distribution and conservation status of the newly documented taxa, provide a revised checklist of the 80 bat species now confirmed in Cambodia and briefly consider the prospects for future discoveries and bat conservation in the country.
{"title":"First Records of Seemingly Rare Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Cambodia, with a Revised Checklist of Species for the Country","authors":"N. Furey, V. Tu, A. Hitch, Awatsaya Pimsai, Chor Kimashalen, Buor Vuthy, Yim Raksmey, C. Sarak, S. Borthwick, Lena Ch'ng, Say Sinly, G. Csorba, Ith Saveng, Gavin J. D. Smith, Chheang Dany, I. Mendenhall","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the Cambodian bat fauna has grown in recent years, although much remains to be learnt. Based on field surveys undertaken throughout the country in 2014–2020 and using morphological (external, cranial and dental characters), genetic and acoustic data, we document the first records of six bat species nationally (Rhinolophus marshalli, R. siamensis, Hipposideros halophyllus, H. lekaguli, Cassistrellus yokdonensis and Eptesicus pachyomus) and the second in-country record for an additional species (Saccolaimus saccolaimus). All of these taxa were encountered in Cambodia's understudied border regions where literature for neighbouring territories suggests future field research will likely reveal other bat species presently unknown in the country. We also comment on the distribution and conservation status of the newly documented taxa, provide a revised checklist of the 80 bat species now confirmed in Cambodia and briefly consider the prospects for future discoveries and bat conservation in the country.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"345 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47885325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.012
D. L. Biassi, Ronei Baldissera, D. Galiano, Renan de Souza Rezende
Changes in landscape environmental characteristics may influence habitat use by bat species as well as species composition and community functional structure. Landscape features may drive the functional role variability of bat species on the ecosystems. Consequently, landscapes may change the degree of functional differentiation between species. We have evaluated the effect of pine forest monoculture and their environmental characteristics on the distribution and functional attributes of bat species. We sampled bat communities in areas with high (three sites) and low (three sites) forest land use management practices including six mist-netting locations in order to sample for bats at each site. In addition, we have also measured temperature, humidity, percentage of land use coverage (managed forest, agriculture, and native forest), and percentage of canopy openness at each site. We captured 87 bats belonging to eight species representing two families: Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae. For the functional analysis, we used three functional attributes to describe wing morphology: wing loading, aspect ratio, and forearm length. No significant effect of any environmental variable was observed on bat species composition. However, bat species distribution was driven by the ability associated with their functional attributes to occupy the space. Moreover, forearm length was positively correlated with forest cover, canopy openness, and humidity. Species with similar wing morphology have responded in a similar way to environmental variables in the studied areas. Functional dispersion was high in the native forest. The monoculture of exotic species may increase the functional attributes related with vulnerability as described by bat wing morphology. Therefore, the native forest conversion to pine forest monoculture may increase the loss of functional attributes in the bat community.
{"title":"Effects of Pine Forest Management Practices on Bat Functional Traits in a Subtropical Region","authors":"D. L. Biassi, Ronei Baldissera, D. Galiano, Renan de Souza Rezende","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in landscape environmental characteristics may influence habitat use by bat species as well as species composition and community functional structure. Landscape features may drive the functional role variability of bat species on the ecosystems. Consequently, landscapes may change the degree of functional differentiation between species. We have evaluated the effect of pine forest monoculture and their environmental characteristics on the distribution and functional attributes of bat species. We sampled bat communities in areas with high (three sites) and low (three sites) forest land use management practices including six mist-netting locations in order to sample for bats at each site. In addition, we have also measured temperature, humidity, percentage of land use coverage (managed forest, agriculture, and native forest), and percentage of canopy openness at each site. We captured 87 bats belonging to eight species representing two families: Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae. For the functional analysis, we used three functional attributes to describe wing morphology: wing loading, aspect ratio, and forearm length. No significant effect of any environmental variable was observed on bat species composition. However, bat species distribution was driven by the ability associated with their functional attributes to occupy the space. Moreover, forearm length was positively correlated with forest cover, canopy openness, and humidity. Species with similar wing morphology have responded in a similar way to environmental variables in the studied areas. Functional dispersion was high in the native forest. The monoculture of exotic species may increase the functional attributes related with vulnerability as described by bat wing morphology. Therefore, the native forest conversion to pine forest monoculture may increase the loss of functional attributes in the bat community.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"421 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.011
H. A. Hernández-Pinsón, Silvia Chaves-Ramírez, G. Chaverri
Multiple studies show that animals exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior, but they also experience short-term changes in their behavioral responses associated with seasonal events, most notably reproduction. We compare calling rates between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and between males and females, in Spix's disk-winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor). This species performs an exchange of inquiry and response calls in a context of social coordination and these vocalizations are used by individuals to signal roost location. Our results indicate that during the breeding season all males vocalize and also emit a greater number of response calls. In females, we found that there is no significant difference in their vocal behavior during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Even though being vocal leads to greater energy costs and risk of predation, males were more vocal and emitted more vocalizations when females are known to be ovulating. Therefore, our results suggest that response calls may not only facilitate group cohesion, as found in previous studies, but that it may also play a role in courtship.
{"title":"Seasonality in the Emission of Contact Calls in Spix's Disc-Winged Bats (Thyroptera tricolor) Suggests a Potential Role in Mate Attraction","authors":"H. A. Hernández-Pinsón, Silvia Chaves-Ramírez, G. Chaverri","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple studies show that animals exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior, but they also experience short-term changes in their behavioral responses associated with seasonal events, most notably reproduction. We compare calling rates between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and between males and females, in Spix's disk-winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor). This species performs an exchange of inquiry and response calls in a context of social coordination and these vocalizations are used by individuals to signal roost location. Our results indicate that during the breeding season all males vocalize and also emit a greater number of response calls. In females, we found that there is no significant difference in their vocal behavior during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Even though being vocal leads to greater energy costs and risk of predation, males were more vocal and emitted more vocalizations when females are known to be ovulating. Therefore, our results suggest that response calls may not only facilitate group cohesion, as found in previous studies, but that it may also play a role in courtship.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"413 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.009
Cecília Kruszynski, R. de Andrade Moral, Cristiane H Millan, T. R. Diniz‐Reis, M. Mello, P. D. de Camargo
Human-modified landscapes are often composed of small and isolated natural habitat fragments immersed in agricultural and urban matrices. Within them, ecosystem services provided by wildlife, such as pest insect suppression, may decrease or even be lost leading to a substantial increase in agricultural production costs. Pest insect suppression by bats has been identified as an essential ecosystem service but remains poorly investigated. For example, we still lack a basic understanding of the proportion of pest insects that comprises the diet of many bat species. Here, we explored the diet composition of eight Brazilian bat species (78 individuals) in a human-modified landscape through the analysis of stable carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes. Bats were categorised into guilds: open-space aerial insectivores, narrow-space gleaning frugivores, or narrow-space gleaning nectarivores. We divided the insects collected into three groups depending on their δ13C values: forest, mixed, and pest insects. We found that open-space insectivorous bats had the highest proportion of insects in total in their diet — consuming primarily from the forest group (56%) and the pest group (34%). Interestingly, narrow-space gleaning frugivores also consumed pest insects (almost 20%). The narrow-space gleaning nectarivores had traces of insects in their diet, yet the actual proportion was inconclusive. Even though bats were from different guilds, with diets consisting mainly of plants and insects, the δ15N indicated that they fitted to similar trophic levels, as secondary consumers. Therefore, the trophic level of nectarivorous and frugivorous bats showed a more generalist diet than previously assumed. The proportion of forest insects in the diet of open-space aerial insectivores may indicate the importance of small forest patches as food resources for wildlife such as the ones included in human-modified landscapes. The bats' contribution to this ecosystem service could improve the economic conservation value of Neotropical bats in human-modified landscapes.
{"title":"Diet Composition of Bats in a Human-Modified Tropical Landscape","authors":"Cecília Kruszynski, R. de Andrade Moral, Cristiane H Millan, T. R. Diniz‐Reis, M. Mello, P. D. de Camargo","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"Human-modified landscapes are often composed of small and isolated natural habitat fragments immersed in agricultural and urban matrices. Within them, ecosystem services provided by wildlife, such as pest insect suppression, may decrease or even be lost leading to a substantial increase in agricultural production costs. Pest insect suppression by bats has been identified as an essential ecosystem service but remains poorly investigated. For example, we still lack a basic understanding of the proportion of pest insects that comprises the diet of many bat species. Here, we explored the diet composition of eight Brazilian bat species (78 individuals) in a human-modified landscape through the analysis of stable carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes. Bats were categorised into guilds: open-space aerial insectivores, narrow-space gleaning frugivores, or narrow-space gleaning nectarivores. We divided the insects collected into three groups depending on their δ13C values: forest, mixed, and pest insects. We found that open-space insectivorous bats had the highest proportion of insects in total in their diet — consuming primarily from the forest group (56%) and the pest group (34%). Interestingly, narrow-space gleaning frugivores also consumed pest insects (almost 20%). The narrow-space gleaning nectarivores had traces of insects in their diet, yet the actual proportion was inconclusive. Even though bats were from different guilds, with diets consisting mainly of plants and insects, the δ15N indicated that they fitted to similar trophic levels, as secondary consumers. Therefore, the trophic level of nectarivorous and frugivorous bats showed a more generalist diet than previously assumed. The proportion of forest insects in the diet of open-space aerial insectivores may indicate the importance of small forest patches as food resources for wildlife such as the ones included in human-modified landscapes. The bats' contribution to this ecosystem service could improve the economic conservation value of Neotropical bats in human-modified landscapes.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"395 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.019
C. López-González, César Ocampo-Ramírez
External ears in mammals direct and enhance perception of sound. In bats, where navigation and foraging are strongly contingent on reception of sound, we would expect correlations between bat external ear morphology and echolocation signal structure, acoustic and aerodynamic properties, and foraging strategies. Using Web search engines, we collected peer-reviewed literature on these relationships, with the aim of summarising the knowledge on these correlations and establishing general form-function patterns. The literature on the relationship echolocation-ear, and foraging strategy was scant (six and ten publications, respectively). Fifteen more examined the aerodynamic properties and 46 the acoustic properties. Because of the complexity of the subject, few attempts exist that examine ear properties (acoustic, aerodynamic, shape) at the same time for more than a few species. The number of species so far examined represents less than 15% of the total number of species of bats. Although the available information did not allow to propose general patterns of morphological response of external ears to the factors examined, our findings suggested that further analyses of the relationship form-function in bat ears should consider the study of ears as integrated, multivariate morphological entities in which shape, aerodynamic characteristics, and acoustic properties, are an integrated, multivariate whole that ultimately contributes to the bat foraging behaviour.
{"title":"External Ears in Chiroptera: Form-Function Relationships in an Ecological Context","authors":"C. López-González, César Ocampo-Ramírez","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.019","url":null,"abstract":"External ears in mammals direct and enhance perception of sound. In bats, where navigation and foraging are strongly contingent on reception of sound, we would expect correlations between bat external ear morphology and echolocation signal structure, acoustic and aerodynamic properties, and foraging strategies. Using Web search engines, we collected peer-reviewed literature on these relationships, with the aim of summarising the knowledge on these correlations and establishing general form-function patterns. The literature on the relationship echolocation-ear, and foraging strategy was scant (six and ten publications, respectively). Fifteen more examined the aerodynamic properties and 46 the acoustic properties. Because of the complexity of the subject, few attempts exist that examine ear properties (acoustic, aerodynamic, shape) at the same time for more than a few species. The number of species so far examined represents less than 15% of the total number of species of bats. Although the available information did not allow to propose general patterns of morphological response of external ears to the factors examined, our findings suggested that further analyses of the relationship form-function in bat ears should consider the study of ears as integrated, multivariate morphological entities in which shape, aerodynamic characteristics, and acoustic properties, are an integrated, multivariate whole that ultimately contributes to the bat foraging behaviour.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"525 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45978701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.015
F. Simal, Linda V. Smith, Odette Doest, Clifford de Lannoy, F. Franken, Indra Zaandam, Daniela Simal, J. Nassar
Bats play key ecological roles on the islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (ABC islands), Caribbean Netherlands; however, most bat species on these islands are either threatened or their conservation status is unknown. We investigated the use of roosts by cave-dwelling bats in this insular system to propose conservation measures aimed at their protection. We conducted bi-monthly species inventories of cave-dwelling bats in 13 of the best-known caves and mines used as day and maternity roosts on the ABC islands. Bats were captured with mist nets and a harp trap (only one cave) placed either inside or at the entrance of the roosts during the first hours (3 to 5 hrs) after sunset. For Aruba and Curaçao, bat monitoring comprised two years of sampling. In the case of Bonaire, depending on the cave, bat monitoring involved one, two or four years of sampling. We identified six species of cave-dwelling bats associated with these roosts, Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus davyi, Natalus tumidirostris, Myotis nesopolus, Glossophaga longirostris and Leptonycteris curasoae. All the examined caves and mines were occupied year-round. The two abandoned mines were inhabited exclusively by the nectar-feeding G. longirostris and L. curasoae, whereas caves containing hot chambers were occupied by up to five species of bats, including insect-feeding M. megalophylla, P. davyi, M. nesopolus and N. tumidirostris, and migratory L. curasoae. Nursery roosts occupied by insect-feeding bats were Quadirikiri on Aruba; Orizjan, Pos di watapana and Pos di Antoin on Bonaire; and Raton and Noordkant on Curaçao. Nectar-feeding bats used all the caves and mines examined as day roosts, nursery roosts or both. All the cave-dwelling bats studied had a single annual reproductive period. In the case of insectivorous bats, pregnancy and lactation occurred mainly between July and December, overlapping with the rainy season. For nectar-feeding bats, pregnancy and lactation took place between March and September, overlapping with the flowering and fruiting seasons of chiropterophilous cacti. Most of the examined bat roosts require protection due to one or more of the following conditions: (1) the presence of multiple species dependent on hot chambers, (2) their use as nursery roosts, and (3) the presence of large colonies of L. curasoae.
{"title":"Bat Inventories at Caves and Mines on the Islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, and Proposed Conservation Actions","authors":"F. Simal, Linda V. Smith, Odette Doest, Clifford de Lannoy, F. Franken, Indra Zaandam, Daniela Simal, J. Nassar","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.015","url":null,"abstract":"Bats play key ecological roles on the islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (ABC islands), Caribbean Netherlands; however, most bat species on these islands are either threatened or their conservation status is unknown. We investigated the use of roosts by cave-dwelling bats in this insular system to propose conservation measures aimed at their protection. We conducted bi-monthly species inventories of cave-dwelling bats in 13 of the best-known caves and mines used as day and maternity roosts on the ABC islands. Bats were captured with mist nets and a harp trap (only one cave) placed either inside or at the entrance of the roosts during the first hours (3 to 5 hrs) after sunset. For Aruba and Curaçao, bat monitoring comprised two years of sampling. In the case of Bonaire, depending on the cave, bat monitoring involved one, two or four years of sampling. We identified six species of cave-dwelling bats associated with these roosts, Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus davyi, Natalus tumidirostris, Myotis nesopolus, Glossophaga longirostris and Leptonycteris curasoae. All the examined caves and mines were occupied year-round. The two abandoned mines were inhabited exclusively by the nectar-feeding G. longirostris and L. curasoae, whereas caves containing hot chambers were occupied by up to five species of bats, including insect-feeding M. megalophylla, P. davyi, M. nesopolus and N. tumidirostris, and migratory L. curasoae. Nursery roosts occupied by insect-feeding bats were Quadirikiri on Aruba; Orizjan, Pos di watapana and Pos di Antoin on Bonaire; and Raton and Noordkant on Curaçao. Nectar-feeding bats used all the caves and mines examined as day roosts, nursery roosts or both. All the cave-dwelling bats studied had a single annual reproductive period. In the case of insectivorous bats, pregnancy and lactation occurred mainly between July and December, overlapping with the rainy season. For nectar-feeding bats, pregnancy and lactation took place between March and September, overlapping with the flowering and fruiting seasons of chiropterophilous cacti. Most of the examined bat roosts require protection due to one or more of the following conditions: (1) the presence of multiple species dependent on hot chambers, (2) their use as nursery roosts, and (3) the presence of large colonies of L. curasoae.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"455 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43756259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.003
E. Jakab, Szilárd Bücs, Csaba Jére, István Csősz, R. Jakab, Farkas Szodoray-Paradi, O. Popescu
The Blasius's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus blasii) shows a fragmented distribution in the European part of its range, and its populations are threatened by many human-induced factors. The status and distribution of the species in Romania are largely unknown. In recent years, regular bat surveys and monitoring have confirmed the presence of the species in north-western Romania, in Gălăşeni Cave, Pădurea Craiului Mountains, representing the northernmost distribution point of R. blasii in Europe. In our study we investigated whether this northernmost colony is genetically isolated from, or related to, larger populations in south-western Romania. A combined analysis of two mitochondrial (12S, HVII) and two nuclear (RAG2, DBY7) genetic markers was used in order to reveal possible relationships between these populations. The small number of haplotypes, the presence of shared haplotypes and overall low population structure suggest that the south-western and north-western Romanian populations are related through yet unidentified colonies of R. blasii, with continuous migration between them. Our results also indicate that the R. blasii colony from Gălăşeni Cave was established by female individuals migrating not far from their birthplace. To preserve this marginal population in a long term, conservation measures need to be strengthened and properly enforced, in parallel with the search for new R. blasii colonies in the region. To our knowledge, the present work represents the only molecular study of R. blasii in Europe.
{"title":"Low Population Structure and Genetic Diversity in Rhinolophus blasii at the Northern Limit of Its European Range: Are there Undiscovered Colonies?","authors":"E. Jakab, Szilárd Bücs, Csaba Jére, István Csősz, R. Jakab, Farkas Szodoray-Paradi, O. Popescu","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Blasius's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus blasii) shows a fragmented distribution in the European part of its range, and its populations are threatened by many human-induced factors. The status and distribution of the species in Romania are largely unknown. In recent years, regular bat surveys and monitoring have confirmed the presence of the species in north-western Romania, in Gălăşeni Cave, Pădurea Craiului Mountains, representing the northernmost distribution point of R. blasii in Europe. In our study we investigated whether this northernmost colony is genetically isolated from, or related to, larger populations in south-western Romania. A combined analysis of two mitochondrial (12S, HVII) and two nuclear (RAG2, DBY7) genetic markers was used in order to reveal possible relationships between these populations. The small number of haplotypes, the presence of shared haplotypes and overall low population structure suggest that the south-western and north-western Romanian populations are related through yet unidentified colonies of R. blasii, with continuous migration between them. Our results also indicate that the R. blasii colony from Gălăşeni Cave was established by female individuals migrating not far from their birthplace. To preserve this marginal population in a long term, conservation measures need to be strengthened and properly enforced, in parallel with the search for new R. blasii colonies in the region. To our knowledge, the present work represents the only molecular study of R. blasii in Europe.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"301 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47579487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.001
M. Volleth, S. Müller, K. Heller, V. Trifonov, T. Liehr, H. Yong, R. Baker, F. A. Anwarali Khan, C. Sotero-Caio
As many as 17 subspecies are currently recognized for the lesser false vampire, Megaderma spasma along its wide distributional range, from India to Southeast Asia. Cytogenetic studies have been so far restricted to specimens from only four geographical regions, namely Malaysia, Thailand, China and the Philippines. We examined the karyotypes of M. spasma medium from Peninsular Malaysia and M. s. trifolium from Malaysian Borneo with conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, using whole chromosome painting probes from the vespertilionid Myotis myotis and the hipposiderid Aselliscus stoliczkanus. Both Megaderma subspecies showed the same diploid chromosome number, 2n = 38, but differed concerning interstitial heterochromatic segments and number and shape of heterochromatic B chromosomes. Comparison with published data revealed that the Bornean specimens' karyotype best resembled the chromosomal set of the Chinese specimen. In contrast, a single male specimen from Malaysian Borneo showed a different karyotype (2n = 40) without B chromosomes and interstitial heterochromatin, indicating that it may represent a cryptic, yet unknown Megaderma species.
{"title":"Cytogenetic Analyses Detect Cryptic Diversity in Megaderma spasma from Malaysia","authors":"M. Volleth, S. Müller, K. Heller, V. Trifonov, T. Liehr, H. Yong, R. Baker, F. A. Anwarali Khan, C. Sotero-Caio","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2021.23.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"As many as 17 subspecies are currently recognized for the lesser false vampire, Megaderma spasma along its wide distributional range, from India to Southeast Asia. Cytogenetic studies have been so far restricted to specimens from only four geographical regions, namely Malaysia, Thailand, China and the Philippines. We examined the karyotypes of M. spasma medium from Peninsular Malaysia and M. s. trifolium from Malaysian Borneo with conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, using whole chromosome painting probes from the vespertilionid Myotis myotis and the hipposiderid Aselliscus stoliczkanus. Both Megaderma subspecies showed the same diploid chromosome number, 2n = 38, but differed concerning interstitial heterochromatic segments and number and shape of heterochromatic B chromosomes. Comparison with published data revealed that the Bornean specimens' karyotype best resembled the chromosomal set of the Chinese specimen. In contrast, a single male specimen from Malaysian Borneo showed a different karyotype (2n = 40) without B chromosomes and interstitial heterochromatin, indicating that it may represent a cryptic, yet unknown Megaderma species.","PeriodicalId":50904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chiropterologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"271 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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