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Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance最新文献

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Letter to editor: Academic journals should clarify the proportion of NLP-generated content in papers. 致编辑的信:学术期刊应明确论文中NLP生成内容的比例。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2180359
Gengyan Tang

This letter to the editor argues that if academic journals are willing to accept papers that include NLP-generated content under certain conditions, editorial policies should clarify the proportion of NLP-generated content in the paper. Excessive use of NLP-generated content should be considered as academic misconduct.

这封致编辑的信认为,如果学术期刊愿意在一定条件下接受包含NLP生成内容的论文,那么编辑政策就应该明确NLP生成内容在论文中所占的比例。过度使用NLP生成的内容应被视为学术不端行为。
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引用次数: 0
Fairness and COVID: Conducting research during the crisis. 公平与 COVID:在危机期间开展研究。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2201442
Samuel Bruton, Stephanie Cargill, Tristan McIntosh, Alison Antes

The COVID-19 pandemic forced Principal Investigators (PIs) to make rapid and unprecedented decisions about ongoing research projects and research teams. Confronted with vague or shifting guidance from institutional administrators and public health officials, PIs nonetheless had to decide whether their projects were "essential," who could conduct on-site "essential" research, how to continue research activities by remote means if possible, and how to safely and effectively manage personnel during the crisis. Based on both narrative comments from a federally sponsored survey of over a thousand NIH- and NSF-funded PIs and their personnel, as well as follow-up interviews with over 60 survey participants, this study examines various ways PI and institutional decisions raised issues of procedural and distributive fairness. These fairness issues include the challenge of treating research personnel fairly in light of their disparate personal circumstances and inconsistent enforcement of COVID-19-related directives. Our findings highlight aspects of fairness and equitability that all PIs and research administrators should keep in mind for when future research disruptions occur.

COVID-19 大流行迫使首席研究员(PIs)就正在进行的研究项目和研究团队迅速做出前所未有的决定。面对机构管理者和公共卫生官员含糊不清或变来变去的指导,首席研究员们不得不决定他们的项目是否 "必要",谁可以在现场进行 "必要 "的研究,如何在可能的情况下通过远程方式继续开展研究活动,以及如何在危机期间安全有效地进行人员管理。本研究以联邦政府资助的一项调查中的叙述性评论为基础,调查对象包括一千多名由美国国立卫生研究院和国家科学基金会资助的首席研究员及其工作人员,以及对 60 多名调查参与者进行的后续访谈,研究了首席研究员和机构的决策如何引起程序和分配公平性问题。这些公平性问题包括:根据研究人员不同的个人情况公平对待他们所面临的挑战,以及 COVID-19 相关指令的不一致执行。我们的研究结果强调了公平性和公正性的各个方面,所有首席研究员和研究管理人员在今后发生研究中断时都应牢记这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement of Palestinian medical students on strategies/recommendations to curb plagiarism: A multicenter cross-sectional study. 巴勒斯坦医科学生对遏制抄袭策略/建议的了解、态度、观点、看法和认同:一项多中心横断面研究。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2199929
Amjad Hassan

Plagiarism is a common issue in written academic assignments and graduation theses. This multicenter study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement of Palestinian medical students on strategies/recommendations to curb plagiarism. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire in all universities with medical education programs. The questionnaire contained 12 knowledge items, 8 attitude items, 6 opinion/perspective items, and 8 strategies/recommendations to curb plagiarism. Of the 550 invited medical students, 474 completed the study tool. Knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement on strategies/recommendations scores correlated positively. Higher knowledge, attitude, opinion, perspective, and agreement on strategies/recommendations scores were significantly associated with higher academic/training year, grade point average, satisfaction with academic achievement, academic writing skills, informational skills, using citation managers, receiving courses/workshops/lecturers on plagiarism, using plagiarism checking tools, and participation in a scientific paper/graduation thesis writing. Gaps in knowledge about plagiarism were identified among Palestinian medical students. Educators/trainers and other decision-makers in medical schools and higher academic institutions might use the strategies on which the students agreed to curb plagiarism.

剽窃是书面学术作业和毕业论文中的一个常见问题。这项多中心研究旨在评估巴勒斯坦医科学生对遏制抄袭策略/建议的了解、态度、观点和看法。研究采用横断面设计,在所有开设医学教育课程的大学进行问卷调查。问卷包含 12 个知识项目、8 个态度项目、6 个观点/看法项目和 8 个遏制抄袭的策略/建议。在受邀的 550 名医学生中,有 474 人完成了研究工具。知识、态度、观点、看法和对策略/建议的认同度得分呈正相关。较高的知识、态度、观点、看法和对策略/建议的认同度得分与较高的学业/培训年级、平均学分绩点、对学业成绩的满意度、学术写作技能、信息技能、使用引文管理器、接受有关抄袭的课程/讲习班/讲师、使用抄袭检查工具和参与科学论文/毕业论文写作有显著关联。在巴勒斯坦医科学生中发现了有关剽窃的知识差距。医学院校和高等学术机构的教育者/培训者及其他决策者可以利用学生们同意的策略来遏制剽窃行为。
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引用次数: 0
Let's be fair. What about an AI editor? 说句公道话。人工智能编辑器怎么样?
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2223997
Xiaoxu Ling, Siyuan Yan

Much of the current attention on artificial intelligence (AI)-based natural language processing (NLP) systems has focused on research ethics and integrity but neglects their roles in the editorial and peer-reviewing process. We argue that the academic community needs to develop and apply a consistent end-to-end policy on the ethics and integrity of NLP in academic publishing: standards such as drafting requirements and disclosure criteria imposed on potential contributors should be consistently applied to the editorial and peer review process in academic publications.

目前,人们对基于人工智能(AI)的自然语言处理(NLP)系统的关注大多集中在研究伦理和诚信方面,却忽视了它们在编辑和同行评审过程中的作用。我们认为,学术界需要就学术出版中的NLP伦理和诚信问题制定并应用一致的端到端政策:对潜在投稿人提出的起草要求和披露标准等标准应一致地应用于学术出版物的编辑和同行评审过程。
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引用次数: 0
Better guidance is needed for editorial expressions of concern. 需要为编辑表达关切提供更好的指导。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2206021
Jaime A Teixeira da Silva, Maryna Nazarovets

On occasion, following the publication of a paper, serious concerns might be raised, either about the study, the author(s), or background processes. When editors-in-chief (EiCs) have sufficient evidence in the case of a serious ethical offense or methodological errors that may invalidate the paper's findings or ethical standing, they can retract the paper rapidly. However, in the interim period between receiving a report and seeking a solution, several weeks, months or even years might pass, and readers need to be alerted to its potential unreliability. In such an instance, the current alternative (but not corrective) document takes the form of an editorial expression of concern (EoC). However, a case might be unresolved for a long time, with an EoC attached to it, so EiCs are encouraged to seek a resolution as promptly as possible because there are academics who might need to cite and/or rely on that paper. Curiously, even though a comprehensive debate is provided by COPE ethics guidelines and ICMJE recommendations, which refer to EoCs, guidance is not entirely clear. This paper makes an attempt to improve guidelines that editors could consider when faced with the dilemma of whether to issue an EoC, or not.

有时,在论文发表后,可能会有人对研究、作者或背景过程提出严重关切。当主编(EiCs)有足够的证据证明论文存在严重的伦理问题或方法错误,可能会使论文的研究结果或伦理地位失效时,他们可以迅速撤回论文。然而,从收到报告到寻求解决方案之间,可能要经过数周、数月甚至数年的时间,因此需要提醒读者注意其潜在的不可靠性。在这种情况下,当前的替代性(但不是纠正性)文件采用编辑表达关切(EoC)的形式。然而,一个案例可能长期得不到解决,并附有 EoC,因此鼓励 EiC 尽快寻求解决,因为有些学术界人士可能需要引用和/或依赖该论文。令人奇怪的是,尽管 COPE 伦理学指南和 ICMJE 建议就 EoC 进行了全面讨论,但指导意见并不完全明确。本文试图改进指南,供编辑在面临是否发布 EoC 的两难选择时参考。
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引用次数: 0
Using ChatGPT to conduct a literature review. 使用 ChatGPT 进行文献综述。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2185514
Michael Haman, Milan Školník
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引用次数: 0
Rising quantitative productivity and shifting readership in academic publishing: Bibliometric insights from monkeypox literature. 学术出版中不断提高的定量生产率和读者群的变化:从猴痘文献中获得的文献计量学启示。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2199159
Nityanand Jain, Andrei Tanasov, Swarali Yatin Chodnekar, Akvilė Rakauskaitė, Edouard Lansiaux, Sandra Skuja, Aigars Reinis

The sudden spread of the monkeypox virus has been accompanied by an increase in the scientific interest in the virus. More than 1,400 PubMed-indexed documents have been authored by about 5,800 unique authors, averaging around 120 publications per month. This sheer rise in the number led us to explore the content published in the literature. We discovered more than 30% of the documents are Quantitative Productivity (QP) i.e., papers that illustrate the emerging trends of parachute concerns, modified salami tactics, cyclic recycling, and excellence in redundancy. In addition, we found few common hyper-prolific authors previously identified in the COVID-19 literature. Further, we share our experience in publishing monkeypox literature and highlight the growing readership and citation interest in editorials, commentaries, and correspondences that were thought to be uncitable in the medical literature. As long as the scientific community and public demand, the supply of such papers will continue, with no responsibility on the authors, journals, or the reader. Since overhauling the current system is an arduous task, we propose the optimization of existing retrieval services that would selectively filter documents based on article type (requires standardization of definitions) to dilute the crowding out effects of quantitative productivity.

随着猴痘病毒的突然传播,科学界对该病毒的兴趣也随之增加。约有 5,800 名作者撰写了 1,400 多篇 PubMed 索引文献,平均每月发表约 120 篇文献。这一数字的增长促使我们对文献中发表的内容进行探索。我们发现,30% 以上的文献是量化生产力(QP),即说明降落伞关注、改良腊肠战术、循环再利用和卓越冗余等新兴趋势的论文。此外,我们还发现 COVID-19 文献中很少有以前发现过的共同的高产作者。此外,我们还分享了我们在猴痘文献出版方面的经验,并强调了在医学文献中被认为不可引用的社论、评论和通讯中日益增长的读者和引用兴趣。只要科学界和公众有需求,这类论文的供应就会持续下去,作者、期刊和读者都无需承担任何责任。由于彻底改革现有系统是一项艰巨的任务,我们建议优化现有的检索服务,根据文章类型(需要定义标准化)有选择性地过滤文献,以淡化定量生产力的挤出效应。
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引用次数: 0
Harness editors' networks of communication to fight publication fraud. 利用编辑的交流网络打击出版欺诈。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2199931
Guangwei Hu
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引用次数: 0
Deploying an ethics needs assessment to inform a navigational tool for research compliance pathways at a provincial Canadian health authority. 在加拿大一个省级卫生机构开展伦理需求评估,为研究合规途径导航工具提供信息。
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2233419
Elaine Fung, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Priyanka Kadam, Holly Longstaff

Practitioners aim to improve healthcare systems and clinical care through a variety of activities as part of a learning healthcare system. Yet the distinction between projects requiring Research Ethics Board (REB) approval or not is becoming increasingly blurred, making it difficult for researchers and others to classify projects and then navigate the required compliance pathway appropriately. To address this challenge, the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) of British Columbia (BC) created a decision tool called the "PHSA Project Sorter Tool" to serve its diverse community while also meeting the unique needs of the BC regulatory and policy environment. The goal of the tool was to standardize and clarify organizational project review and ensure project leads were referred to the appropriate review body or service provider within the PHSA in the most efficient manner possible. In this paper, we describe the ethics needs assessment that was conducted to inform the tool and the results of our ongoing evaluation of the tool since it was launched in January, 2020. Our project shows that this simple tool can reduce burdens on staff and provide clarity to users by standardizing processes and terms and directing users to appropriate internal resources.

作为学习型医疗保健系统的一部分,从业人员旨在通过各种活动改善医疗保健系统和临床护理。然而,需要研究伦理委员会 (REB) 批准的项目与不需要研究伦理委员会 (REB) 批准的项目之间的区别正变得越来越模糊,这使得研究人员和其他人员很难对项目进行分类,然后适当地选择所需的合规途径。为了应对这一挑战,不列颠哥伦比亚省(BC)的省卫生服务管理局(PHSA)创建了一个名为 "PHSA 项目分类工具 "的决策工具,以服务于其多样化的社区,同时满足不列颠哥伦比亚省监管和政策环境的独特需求。该工具的目标是规范和明确组织项目审查,确保以最高效的方式将项目线索移交给 PHSA 内部适当的审查机构或服务提供商。在本文中,我们介绍了为了解该工具而进行的伦理需求评估,以及自 2020 年 1 月推出以来我们对该工具的持续评估结果。我们的项目表明,这一简单的工具可以减轻工作人员的负担,并通过标准化流程和术语以及引导用户使用适当的内部资源,为用户提供清晰的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Transferring rejected manuscripts to other journals: A good practice? 将退稿转给其他期刊:好的做法?
IF 2.8 1区 哲学 Q1 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2199930
Clovis Mariano Faggion
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance
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