Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.279
Metodi Karadjov, D. Karastanev, Boriana Tchakalova
This study investigated the geochemical characteristics of Pliocene clay sediments from the Brusartsi Formation, situated in the area of the town of Kozloduy, North Bulgaria). The main objective of the study is to characterize the Brusartsi clays as a natural barrier against pollutant and radionuclide migration. Based on mineralogical and geochemical analyses, new results are obtained concerning the mineral composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, etc., for the Brusartsi Formation.
{"title":"Geochemical characteristics of silty clays from the Brusartsi Formation","authors":"Metodi Karadjov, D. Karastanev, Boriana Tchakalova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.279","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the geochemical characteristics of Pliocene clay sediments from the Brusartsi Formation, situated in the area of the town of Kozloduy, North Bulgaria). The main objective of the study is to characterize the Brusartsi clays as a natural barrier against pollutant and radionuclide migration. Based on mineralogical and geochemical analyses, new results are obtained concerning the mineral composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, etc., for the Brusartsi Formation.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"16 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.31
H. Georgieva, R. Nedialkov, Elitsa Stefanova, Georgi Milenkov, Ivan Krumov, Neven Georgiev
The skarn alteration is poorly preserved at the Elatsite, restricted to the hornfelses from the East, Southeast and Southern part of the deposit. The rocks are defined as exoskarns, with a mineral composition including garnets, epidote, pyroxene, amphiboles, carbonates, prehnite, quartz, sulphides. The newly formed minerals occur in poorly preserved layers. The garnet grains are subhedral with inclusions of epidote and quartz, while some of them are corrode with carbonate and zeolites formed in the fractures. The garnets are grossular-andradite type, with higher values for HREE over LREE, and low values for Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb and U. The skarn formation is related with the intrusion of the magma which causes the heating of the metamorphic rocks (rich in carbonate material – chlorite-sericite-carbonite, sericite-carbonate schists, etc.) from the low-grade metamorphic rocks. The Fe+3–Al+3 exchanges in the cores of the garnets indicate their formation from fluids with high oxygen fugacity.
{"title":"Preliminary data on the mineral chemistry of garnet from the skarn alteration associated with the Elatsite porphyry-copper gold deposit, Bulgaria","authors":"H. Georgieva, R. Nedialkov, Elitsa Stefanova, Georgi Milenkov, Ivan Krumov, Neven Georgiev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"The skarn alteration is poorly preserved at the Elatsite, restricted to the hornfelses from the East, Southeast and Southern part of the deposit. The rocks are defined as exoskarns, with a mineral composition including garnets, epidote, pyroxene, amphiboles, carbonates, prehnite, quartz, sulphides. The newly formed minerals occur in poorly preserved layers. The garnet grains are subhedral with inclusions of epidote and quartz, while some of them are corrode with carbonate and zeolites formed in the fractures. The garnets are grossular-andradite type, with higher values for HREE over LREE, and low values for Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb and U. The skarn formation is related with the intrusion of the magma which causes the heating of the metamorphic rocks (rich in carbonate material – chlorite-sericite-carbonite, sericite-carbonate schists, etc.) from the low-grade metamorphic rocks. The Fe+3–Al+3 exchanges in the cores of the garnets indicate their formation from fluids with high oxygen fugacity.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"363 2-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.51
G. Săbău, George Dincă, Andra-Elena Filiuță
The three known polymorphs of nickel diarsenide were found to coexist in apparent equilibrium in the five-element mineralizations of the Bihor Metallogenetic District. It is the first identification of pararammelsbergite and krutovite in Romania, and the locality joins a very limited list of occurrences where all three NiAs2 polymorphs coexist. Both phases newly identified in Romania are easily distinguishable from rammelsbergite by their optical properties and display consistent compositional differences manifested in stoichiometry and degree of isomorphic substitution. The NiAs2 polymorphs coexist with nickeline and skutterudite and apparently predate cobaltite-gersdorffite in a mesothermal depositional sequence characterized by initial separation of Ni and Co in metal-poorer arsenides, followed by continuous decrease of arsenic activity, increase in sulfur activity, modal increase of nickeline and Co enrichment in the gersdorffite-cobaltite series.
{"title":"Coexisting nickel diarsenide polymorphs in the five-element mineralization of the Bihor metallogenetic district, Apuseni Mountains, Romania","authors":"G. Săbău, George Dincă, Andra-Elena Filiuță","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.51","url":null,"abstract":"The three known polymorphs of nickel diarsenide were found to coexist in apparent equilibrium in the five-element mineralizations of the Bihor Metallogenetic District. It is the first identification of pararammelsbergite and krutovite in Romania, and the locality joins a very limited list of occurrences where all three NiAs2 polymorphs coexist. Both phases newly identified in Romania are easily distinguishable from rammelsbergite by their optical properties and display consistent compositional differences manifested in stoichiometry and degree of isomorphic substitution. The NiAs2 polymorphs coexist with nickeline and skutterudite and apparently predate cobaltite-gersdorffite in a mesothermal depositional sequence characterized by initial separation of Ni and Co in metal-poorer arsenides, followed by continuous decrease of arsenic activity, increase in sulfur activity, modal increase of nickeline and Co enrichment in the gersdorffite-cobaltite series.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"37 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.341
Dimitar Krenchev
The aim of this study is to analyze selected morphometric properties of drainage network in the Parvenetska river basin, the northwestern Rhodope Mountains. In this regard, the watershed of the main river was divided into seven sub-basins. For each of them, the following linear and areal morphometric parameters were considered: area and shape of the catchment, slopes, drainage network length, drainage density, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, Meltonʼs index, hypsometric integral, etc. The morphometric analysis can be used for creating of hydrological and geomorphological models for natural hazards and for better planning of sustainable use of water resources in the area.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the drainage network in the Parvenetska river basin, the Western Rhodopes Mountains","authors":"Dimitar Krenchev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyze selected morphometric properties of drainage network in the Parvenetska river basin, the northwestern Rhodope Mountains. In this regard, the watershed of the main river was divided into seven sub-basins. For each of them, the following linear and areal morphometric parameters were considered: area and shape of the catchment, slopes, drainage network length, drainage density, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, Meltonʼs index, hypsometric integral, etc. The morphometric analysis can be used for creating of hydrological and geomorphological models for natural hazards and for better planning of sustainable use of water resources in the area.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.207
Z. Damyanov
The paper presents the importance of mineral deposit modeling, based on the elucidation of key elements of its origin, for the development of reliable criteria for prospecting of new deposits and orebodies of this type. On the example of the Kremikovtsi carbonate-hosted IF-barite-polymetallic deposit, it is shown that the adoption of a well-grounded syngenetic or epigenetic concept for its origin is crucial for successful prospecting activity. Based on the developed model for a sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) origin of the deposit (i.e. syngenetic to the carbonate host), the key factors controlling ore formation are specified, and an optimal strategy for future prospecting in the region is proposed.
本文介绍了在阐明矿床起源关键因素的基础上建立矿床模型的重要性，以便为勘探新矿床和此类矿体制定可靠的标准。以克雷米科夫茨碳酸盐岩包裹的 IF 重晶石多金属矿床为例，说明了采用有充分依据的系统遗传学或表观遗传学概念来确定矿床起源对于成功开展勘探活动至关重要。根据所开发的沉积-喷出（SEDEX）矿床起源模型（即与碳酸盐母岩的共生），明确了控制矿石形成的关键因素，并提出了该地区未来勘探的最佳战略。
{"title":"Genetic modeling and prospecting criteria: An example of syngenetic vs. epigenetic ore formation","authors":"Z. Damyanov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the importance of mineral deposit modeling, based on the elucidation of key elements of its origin, for the development of reliable criteria for prospecting of new deposits and orebodies of this type. On the example of the Kremikovtsi carbonate-hosted IF-barite-polymetallic deposit, it is shown that the adoption of a well-grounded syngenetic or epigenetic concept for its origin is crucial for successful prospecting activity. Based on the developed model for a sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) origin of the deposit (i.e. syngenetic to the carbonate host), the key factors controlling ore formation are specified, and an optimal strategy for future prospecting in the region is proposed.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.85
Stoyan Georgiev, Elitsa Stefanova, A. Hikov, I. Peytcheva, V. Sachanski, Milen Stavrev
Two diorite to monzodiorite sills are recently found among the Silurian sedimentary succession near to Asaritsa peak, West Stara Planina Mountain. Several levels with diagenetic metalliferous nodules occur within shale interval in the sediments. The magmatic rocks are affected by strong propylitic to sericitic alteration (chlorite, sericite, albite and quartz) and only relicts of the rock-forming minerals (feldspar, biotite and clinopyroxene) are observed. The bodies are crosscut by thin quartz veins and disseminated pyrite is observed. The chondrite normalized spidergrams show patterns similar to orogenic rocks, with very high peaks of Th and U and depletion in Sr and Ti. The zircon U-Pb geochronology reveals that the magmatic crystallization is during the Carboniferous period – 326.4±3.2 Ма, with low content of xenocryst most probably from the sedimentary basement. The magmatic activity coincides with the Variscan orogeny formed during the late Paleozoic and most probabaly is related to the evolution of the alkaline Buhovo-Seslavtsi Pluton which is situated just to the south, at a direct proximity. The different composition of the pyrite from the sills and the diagenetic nodules from the sediments is most probably due to their different genesis. While the alterations of the nodules can be attributed to metasomatic processes related to the magmatic activity.
{"title":"Carboniferous sills and related metasomatic activity in the area of Asaritsa Peak, West Stara Planina Mountain","authors":"Stoyan Georgiev, Elitsa Stefanova, A. Hikov, I. Peytcheva, V. Sachanski, Milen Stavrev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.85","url":null,"abstract":"Two diorite to monzodiorite sills are recently found among the Silurian sedimentary succession near to Asaritsa peak, West Stara Planina Mountain. Several levels with diagenetic metalliferous nodules occur within shale interval in the sediments. The magmatic rocks are affected by strong propylitic to sericitic alteration (chlorite, sericite, albite and quartz) and only relicts of the rock-forming minerals (feldspar, biotite and clinopyroxene) are observed. The bodies are crosscut by thin quartz veins and disseminated pyrite is observed. The chondrite normalized spidergrams show patterns similar to orogenic rocks, with very high peaks of Th and U and depletion in Sr and Ti. The zircon U-Pb geochronology reveals that the magmatic crystallization is during the Carboniferous period – 326.4±3.2 Ма, with low content of xenocryst most probably from the sedimentary basement. The magmatic activity coincides with the Variscan orogeny formed during the late Paleozoic and most probabaly is related to the evolution of the alkaline Buhovo-Seslavtsi Pluton which is situated just to the south, at a direct proximity. The different composition of the pyrite from the sills and the diagenetic nodules from the sediments is most probably due to their different genesis. While the alterations of the nodules can be attributed to metasomatic processes related to the magmatic activity.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.77
Šime Bilić, I. Peytcheva, Stoyan Georgiev, A. Hikov, Ivica Pavičić, Gordana Deljak, F. Šumanovac, Marko Holma
The study presents petrographic and compositional data of Late Cretaceous bauxite deposits in the area of Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results indicate that bauxites exhibit ooidic to pisodic textures enclosed within a pelitomorfic matrix. Most of the deposits are boehmitic but in some localities, a considerable quantity of diaspore is identified. Hematite is the dominant Fe-mineral, while kaolinite, goethite and calcite are minor. The accessory minerals are represented by anatase, rutile and zircon. Al2O3 content ranges between 54.32–61.05 wt % and is negatively correlated to Fe2O3. Rare earth elements (REE) show variable concentrations, reaching up to 1353 ppm. The chondrite normalized patterns reveal negative Eu anomaly in all and positive Ce anomaly in almost all samples. Ce anomaly shows negative correlation with REE. Bauxites from the Jajce area represent valuable mineral resource with potentially valuable quantities of REE and Sc. Mineralogy and geochemical signature indicate a complex petrogenetic history.
本研究介绍了波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那亚伊采地区晚白垩世铝土矿床的岩石学和成分数据。研究结果表明，铝土矿呈现出鲕状至雉状纹理，并被包裹在鲕状基质中。大部分矿床为铁铝土矿，但在一些地方也发现了相当数量的透辉石。铁矿石是主要的铁矿物，而高岭石、鹅卵石和方解石则是次要矿物。附属矿物有锐钛矿、金红石和锆石。Al2O3 含量介于 54.32-61.05 wt % 之间，与 Fe2O3 呈负相关。稀土元素（REE）含量不一，最高可达 1353 ppm。软玉归一化模式显示，所有样本的 Eu 异常均为负值，几乎所有样本的 Ce 异常均为正值。铈异常与 REE 呈负相关。Jajce 地区的铝土矿是宝贵的矿产资源，可能含有大量有价值的 REE 和 Sc。矿物学和地球化学特征显示了复杂的成岩历史。
{"title":"Petrography and geochemistry of Cretaceous bauxites from Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Šime Bilić, I. Peytcheva, Stoyan Georgiev, A. Hikov, Ivica Pavičić, Gordana Deljak, F. Šumanovac, Marko Holma","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.77","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents petrographic and compositional data of Late Cretaceous bauxite deposits in the area of Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results indicate that bauxites exhibit ooidic to pisodic textures enclosed within a pelitomorfic matrix. Most of the deposits are boehmitic but in some localities, a considerable quantity of diaspore is identified. Hematite is the dominant Fe-mineral, while kaolinite, goethite and calcite are minor. The accessory minerals are represented by anatase, rutile and zircon. Al2O3 content ranges between 54.32–61.05 wt % and is negatively correlated to Fe2O3. Rare earth elements (REE) show variable concentrations, reaching up to 1353 ppm. The chondrite normalized patterns reveal negative Eu anomaly in all and positive Ce anomaly in almost all samples. Ce anomaly shows negative correlation with REE. Bauxites from the Jajce area represent valuable mineral resource with potentially valuable quantities of REE and Sc. Mineralogy and geochemical signature indicate a complex petrogenetic history.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.73
Lora Bidzhova, Emiliya D. Raeva, Gatien L. F. Morin, Svetoslav V. Georgiev
Trace element abundances in organic-rich sediments are widely used in various fields of the geosciences, yet few contributions discuss the effectiveness of low-cost benchtop acid digestion techniques for such samples. Here, we tested three different sample preparation methods (acid digestion in closed and open vessels, and fusion) on twelve powder aliquots of organic-rich sediment, standard reference material NIST 2702. Comparison of newly obtained ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS results with their respective certificate values, facilitates the assessment of digestion efficiency and the effects of vessel size, acid mixture, and other parameters on the recoveries of 29 trace elements. Our results show that benchtop digestion of organic-rich sediment in closed 7 mL PFA vessels using HF+HNO3+HClO4 mixture is more efficient compared with open vessel digestion treated with the same acid mixture (± HCl), with closed or open vessel digestions without HClO4, and with LA-ICP-MS measurements on fused glass discs.
{"title":"Efficient benchtop acid digestion of organic-rich sediments for ICP-MS analyses: testing analytical procedures on NIST 2702 standard reference material","authors":"Lora Bidzhova, Emiliya D. Raeva, Gatien L. F. Morin, Svetoslav V. Georgiev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.73","url":null,"abstract":"Trace element abundances in organic-rich sediments are widely used in various fields of the geosciences, yet few contributions discuss the effectiveness of low-cost benchtop acid digestion techniques for such samples. Here, we tested three different sample preparation methods (acid digestion in closed and open vessels, and fusion) on twelve powder aliquots of organic-rich sediment, standard reference material NIST 2702. Comparison of newly obtained ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS results with their respective certificate values, facilitates the assessment of digestion efficiency and the effects of vessel size, acid mixture, and other parameters on the recoveries of 29 trace elements. Our results show that benchtop digestion of organic-rich sediment in closed 7 mL PFA vessels using HF+HNO3+HClO4 mixture is more efficient compared with open vessel digestion treated with the same acid mixture (± HCl), with closed or open vessel digestions without HClO4, and with LA-ICP-MS measurements on fused glass discs.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"66 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215//rev.bgs.2023.84.3.315
Aleksandar Tanasković, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac, D. Polomcic, Jelena M. Močević
A sufficiently long time-series of daily discharges is needed to assess the discharge dynamics and calculate the water balance equation parameters of a spring (river source). The paper assumes that a catchment is gauged if a time-series of observations of at least 30 years is available, which is a rare case in Serbia. One-year monitoring is often set up to verify the reserves of a water source or spring intended for capture. Monitoring ceases after the final report is produced. The paper aims to show potential problems if there are no sufficiently long time-series and if no detailed hydrogeological investigations have been undertaken. The Gornji Dušnik Spring is used as an example. That spring drains the western parts of Suva Planina Mountain. It was captured many years ago to provide public water supply to the town of Gadžin Han and the nearby villages of Donji Dušnik and Gornji Dušnik.
要评估泉水（河流源头）的排水动态并计算其水平衡方程参数，需要足够长的日排水时间序列。本文假定，如果有至少 30 年的观测时间序列，就可以对集水区进行测量，但在塞尔维亚这种情况很少见。通常会进行为期一年的监测，以核实水源或泉水的储备情况。监测工作在最终报告编制完成后停止。本文旨在说明，如果没有足够长的时间序列，如果没有进行详细的水文地质调查，可能会出现的问题。本文以 Gornji Dušnik 泉水为例。该泉水流经苏瓦普兰纳山西部。多年前取水是为了向 Gadžin Han 镇及附近的 Donji Dušnik 和 Gornji Dušnik 村提供公共供水。
{"title":"A contribution to the understanding of the discharge dynamics and water balance of the karst spring Gornji Dušnik (Suva Planina)","authors":"Aleksandar Tanasković, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac, D. Polomcic, Jelena M. Močević","doi":"10.52215//rev.bgs.2023.84.3.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215//rev.bgs.2023.84.3.315","url":null,"abstract":"A sufficiently long time-series of daily discharges is needed to assess the discharge dynamics and calculate the water balance equation parameters of a spring (river source). The paper assumes that a catchment is gauged if a time-series of observations of at least 30 years is available, which is a rare case in Serbia. One-year monitoring is often set up to verify the reserves of a water source or spring intended for capture. Monitoring ceases after the final report is produced. The paper aims to show potential problems if there are no sufficiently long time-series and if no detailed hydrogeological investigations have been undertaken. The Gornji Dušnik Spring is used as an example. That spring drains the western parts of Suva Planina Mountain. It was captured many years ago to provide public water supply to the town of Gadžin Han and the nearby villages of Donji Dušnik and Gornji Dušnik.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.307
D. Polomcic, Jelena Ratković, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac
With the creation of a hydrodynamic model, the need for it usually ceases until some next moment when the model needs to be updated and used for the set task for the necessary project documentation or dedicated studies. It is relatively rare that almost every year the model is improved and used for forecast calculations. The paper presents the basic characteristics and development of the hydrodynamic model of the open pit mine “Drmno” for 25 years. This open pit mine is the second-largest mine in Serbia. At the time the model was made (1998), it was the largest and most complex model that was made in the former Yugoslavia. Also, advanced model calibration techniques were used for the first time in Serbia
{"title":"History of the development of the hydrodynamic model of the open pit mine “Drmno”, Serbia","authors":"D. Polomcic, Jelena Ratković, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.307","url":null,"abstract":"With the creation of a hydrodynamic model, the need for it usually ceases until some next moment when the model needs to be updated and used for the set task for the necessary project documentation or dedicated studies. It is relatively rare that almost every year the model is improved and used for forecast calculations. The paper presents the basic characteristics and development of the hydrodynamic model of the open pit mine “Drmno” for 25 years. This open pit mine is the second-largest mine in Serbia. At the time the model was made (1998), it was the largest and most complex model that was made in the former Yugoslavia. Also, advanced model calibration techniques were used for the first time in Serbia","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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