Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S0954102022000025
M. Marinova, C. Mckay, J. Heldmann, J. Goordial, D. Lacelle, W. Pollard, A. Davila
Abstract We report 3 years of data from one meteorological and three smaller stations in University Valley, a high-elevation (1677 m) site in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica with extensive dry permafrost. Mean air temperature was -23.4°C. Summer air temperatures were virtually always < 0°C and were consistent with the altitude lapse rate and empirical relationships between summer temperature, distance from the coast and elevation. The measured frost point (-22.5°C) at the 42 cm deep ice table is equal to the surface frost point and above the atmospheric frost point (-29.6°C), providing direct evidence that surface conditions control ground ice depth. Observed peak surface soil temperatures reach 6°C for ice-cemented ground > 15 cm deep but stay < 0°C when it is shallower. We develop an energy balance model tuned to this rocky and dry environment. We find that differences in peak soil surface temperatures are primarily due to the higher thermal diffusivity of ice-cemented ground compared to dry soil. Sensitivity studies show that expected natural variability is insufficient for melt to form and significant excursions from current conditions are required. The site's ice table meets the criteria for a Special Region on Mars, with 30% of the year > -18°C and water activity > 0.6.
{"title":"Climate and energy balance of the ground in University Valley, Antarctica","authors":"M. Marinova, C. Mckay, J. Heldmann, J. Goordial, D. Lacelle, W. Pollard, A. Davila","doi":"10.1017/S0954102022000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102022000025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report 3 years of data from one meteorological and three smaller stations in University Valley, a high-elevation (1677 m) site in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica with extensive dry permafrost. Mean air temperature was -23.4°C. Summer air temperatures were virtually always < 0°C and were consistent with the altitude lapse rate and empirical relationships between summer temperature, distance from the coast and elevation. The measured frost point (-22.5°C) at the 42 cm deep ice table is equal to the surface frost point and above the atmospheric frost point (-29.6°C), providing direct evidence that surface conditions control ground ice depth. Observed peak surface soil temperatures reach 6°C for ice-cemented ground > 15 cm deep but stay < 0°C when it is shallower. We develop an energy balance model tuned to this rocky and dry environment. We find that differences in peak soil surface temperatures are primarily due to the higher thermal diffusivity of ice-cemented ground compared to dry soil. Sensitivity studies show that expected natural variability is insufficient for melt to form and significant excursions from current conditions are required. The site's ice table meets the criteria for a Special Region on Mars, with 30% of the year > -18°C and water activity > 0.6.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"144 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1017/s0954102022000189
D. Renault, J. Whinam
Yves Frenot will be greatly missed by his friends and colleagues around the world. His long and impressive career has left a tangible legacy in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic research, collaboration and policy. Yves participated in 14 expeditions to the French sub-Antarctic islands (Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam islands) between 1982 and 2004, including a winter on Crozet Island, as well as expeditions to Spitsbergen and Heard Island. He also voyaged to Durmont d'Urville station three times in his role as Director of Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV). In 2018, on board the maiden return voyage of the new L'Astrolabe, Yves was awarded the French Order of Merit. Yves was a prolific publisher on many aspects of the sub-Antarctic, with over 65 scientific publications and numerous reports, conference presentations and popular science communications covering topics such as terrestrial biodiversity (plants, animals, soils, ecophysiology), the impacts of climate change, primary succession after glacial retreat and the dynamics of invasive species. From 1989 to 2003, Yves managed teams at both the national and international level. At the EcoBio department (UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) 6553, Rennes), Yves was the deputy director of the 'Station Biologique de Paimpont' from 1994 to 2002, and he also led the research group 'Impact of climate change' (UMR EcoBio). In the mid-1990s, he led the 'Biosol' research project, which was supported by the French Polar IPEV and focused on the study of soils and terrestrial fauna and flora. Yves was passionate about researching and protecting biodiversity in extreme environments. His collaboration with Thierry Micol, Pierre Jouventin and Véronique Sarrano produced a ground-breaking synthesis of research that led to protection (Nature Reserve Terres Australes Françaises) for the French Southern Territories (Kerguelen, Crozet, Saint Paul and Amsterdam islands). doi:10.1017/S0954102022000189
伊夫·弗雷诺将被他在世界各地的朋友和同事深深怀念。他漫长而令人印象深刻的职业生涯为南极和亚南极的研究、合作和政策留下了实实在在的遗产。1982年至2004年间，伊夫参加了14次对法属亚南极岛屿(克罗泽岛、克格伦岛和阿姆斯特丹岛)的考察，包括在克罗泽岛的一个冬天，以及对斯匹次卑尔根岛和赫德岛的考察。他还作为法国保罗-埃米尔·维克托研究所(IPEV)所长三次航行到德蒙特·居维尔站。2018年，在新“星盘号”首航返航时，伊夫被授予法国荣誉勋章。伊夫在亚南极的许多方面都是多产的出版商，发表了超过65篇科学出版物和大量报告，会议演讲和科普传播，主题包括陆地生物多样性(植物，动物，土壤，生态生理学)，气候变化的影响，冰川退缩后的初级演替和入侵物种的动态。从1989年到2003年，伊夫在国家队和国际国家队执教。1994年至2002年，伊夫在法国雷恩大学生态研究部(法国国家科学研究中心6553)担任“派庞特生物研究站”副主任，并领导了“气候变化影响”研究小组。在20世纪90年代中期，他领导了由法国极地IPEV支持的“生物土壤”研究项目，重点研究土壤和陆地动植物。伊夫热衷于研究和保护极端环境下的生物多样性。他与Thierry Micol, Pierre jouvenn和vsamronique Sarrano合作，产生了开创性的综合研究，为法国南部领土(Kerguelen, Crozet, Saint Paul和Amsterdam islands)提供了保护(自然保护区Terres Australes franaisises)。doi: 10.1017 / S0954102022000189
{"title":"Obituary – Dr Yves Frenot (1958–2022)","authors":"D. Renault, J. Whinam","doi":"10.1017/s0954102022000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102022000189","url":null,"abstract":"Yves Frenot will be greatly missed by his friends and colleagues around the world. His long and impressive career has left a tangible legacy in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic research, collaboration and policy. Yves participated in 14 expeditions to the French sub-Antarctic islands (Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam islands) between 1982 and 2004, including a winter on Crozet Island, as well as expeditions to Spitsbergen and Heard Island. He also voyaged to Durmont d'Urville station three times in his role as Director of Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV). In 2018, on board the maiden return voyage of the new L'Astrolabe, Yves was awarded the French Order of Merit. Yves was a prolific publisher on many aspects of the sub-Antarctic, with over 65 scientific publications and numerous reports, conference presentations and popular science communications covering topics such as terrestrial biodiversity (plants, animals, soils, ecophysiology), the impacts of climate change, primary succession after glacial retreat and the dynamics of invasive species. From 1989 to 2003, Yves managed teams at both the national and international level. At the EcoBio department (UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) 6553, Rennes), Yves was the deputy director of the 'Station Biologique de Paimpont' from 1994 to 2002, and he also led the research group 'Impact of climate change' (UMR EcoBio). In the mid-1990s, he led the 'Biosol' research project, which was supported by the French Polar IPEV and focused on the study of soils and terrestrial fauna and flora. Yves was passionate about researching and protecting biodiversity in extreme environments. His collaboration with Thierry Micol, Pierre Jouventin and Véronique Sarrano produced a ground-breaking synthesis of research that led to protection (Nature Reserve Terres Australes Françaises) for the French Southern Territories (Kerguelen, Crozet, Saint Paul and Amsterdam islands). doi:10.1017/S0954102022000189","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"105 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48879863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S0954102022000104
O. Kokun, L. Bakhmutova
Abstract The extreme working and living conditions at Antarctic stations cause numerous psychological changes in expeditioners. However, research on the changes in expeditioners' personality traits is virtually non-existent. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the changes in expeditioners' personality measures during 1 year Antarctic expeditions. This study examined 56 expeditioners working at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station (52 men, 4 women; ages 20–63 years, M = 38.12, SD = 10.01) who participated in five annual expeditions between 2016 and 2021. The Ukrainian adaptations of four measures were used: the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Leonhard-Schmieschek Questionnaire and the Leary Interpersonal Checklist. During 1 year Antarctic expeditions, 8 of the 26 indicators used to describe expeditioners' personality measures changed significantly (P < 0.001–0.1). These indicators belonged to three of the four measures used in the study and were assessed as personally unfavourable. They included increased psychoticism and competing, managerial-autocratic, aggressive-sadistic, responsible-hypernormal, competitive-narcissistic and self-effacing-masochistic styles and a decreased accommodating style. Based on these results, promising areas for further research that could improve psychological selection, training and work for Antarctic expedition personnel are outlined.
{"title":"Changes in expeditioners' personality measures during 1 year Antarctic expeditions","authors":"O. Kokun, L. Bakhmutova","doi":"10.1017/S0954102022000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102022000104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The extreme working and living conditions at Antarctic stations cause numerous psychological changes in expeditioners. However, research on the changes in expeditioners' personality traits is virtually non-existent. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the changes in expeditioners' personality measures during 1 year Antarctic expeditions. This study examined 56 expeditioners working at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station (52 men, 4 women; ages 20–63 years, M = 38.12, SD = 10.01) who participated in five annual expeditions between 2016 and 2021. The Ukrainian adaptations of four measures were used: the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Leonhard-Schmieschek Questionnaire and the Leary Interpersonal Checklist. During 1 year Antarctic expeditions, 8 of the 26 indicators used to describe expeditioners' personality measures changed significantly (P < 0.001–0.1). These indicators belonged to three of the four measures used in the study and were assessed as personally unfavourable. They included increased psychoticism and competing, managerial-autocratic, aggressive-sadistic, responsible-hypernormal, competitive-narcissistic and self-effacing-masochistic styles and a decreased accommodating style. Based on these results, promising areas for further research that could improve psychological selection, training and work for Antarctic expedition personnel are outlined.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45368727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S095410202200013X
Mengzhu Zhang, M. Haward
Abstract In 1980, at the invitation of Australia, the first Chinese scientists went to Antarctica. China was therefore a relative ‘latecomer’ to engage in Antarctic science. In the period since its first Antarctic expedition in 1984, China's presence in Antarctica has expanded both in terms of its logistics and infrastructure and its scientific research. This paper outlines the development of China's national Antarctic programmes under the influence of corresponding national policies from the late 1970s to the present, noting the application of various scientific disciplines to Antarctic fields. The paper outlines and analyses the broadening and deepening of China's Antarctic science research, infrastructure and engagement.
{"title":"The Chinese Antarctic science programme: origins and development","authors":"Mengzhu Zhang, M. Haward","doi":"10.1017/S095410202200013X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410202200013X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1980, at the invitation of Australia, the first Chinese scientists went to Antarctica. China was therefore a relative ‘latecomer’ to engage in Antarctic science. In the period since its first Antarctic expedition in 1984, China's presence in Antarctica has expanded both in terms of its logistics and infrastructure and its scientific research. This paper outlines the development of China's national Antarctic programmes under the influence of corresponding national policies from the late 1970s to the present, noting the application of various scientific disciplines to Antarctic fields. The paper outlines and analyses the broadening and deepening of China's Antarctic science research, infrastructure and engagement.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"191 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46737823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1017/S0954102022000013
D. Elliot, J. Collinson
Abstract The geology of the Schroeder Hill region near the head of the Shackleton Glacier, central Transantarctic Mountains, consists of Triassic Fremouw Formation and overlying Falla Formation strata intruded by Jurassic Ferrar Dolerite sills. At ‘Alfie’s Elbow', south-east of Schroeder Hill, upper Fremouw strata are overlain by Upper Cenozoic Sirius Group deposits. These upper Fremouw beds differ from all other examined upper Fremouw strata in the Shackleton Glacier region in being carbonaceous. Quartz-pebble conglomerate characterizes the basal Falla beds, emphasizing a change in provenance. Sirius Group beds occur as a stratigraphic succession draped on modern topography and as structureless sand wedged in modern microtopography. Fremouw beds locally are arched with the fold axis approximately parallel to regional normal faulting related to the uplift and formation of the Transantarctic Mountains.
{"title":"Schroeder Hill, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica: Triassic stratigraphy and Sirius Group glacigenic deposits","authors":"D. Elliot, J. Collinson","doi":"10.1017/S0954102022000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102022000013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The geology of the Schroeder Hill region near the head of the Shackleton Glacier, central Transantarctic Mountains, consists of Triassic Fremouw Formation and overlying Falla Formation strata intruded by Jurassic Ferrar Dolerite sills. At ‘Alfie’s Elbow', south-east of Schroeder Hill, upper Fremouw strata are overlain by Upper Cenozoic Sirius Group deposits. These upper Fremouw beds differ from all other examined upper Fremouw strata in the Shackleton Glacier region in being carbonaceous. Quartz-pebble conglomerate characterizes the basal Falla beds, emphasizing a change in provenance. Sirius Group beds occur as a stratigraphic succession draped on modern topography and as structureless sand wedged in modern microtopography. Fremouw beds locally are arched with the fold axis approximately parallel to regional normal faulting related to the uplift and formation of the Transantarctic Mountains.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"172 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44457038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1017/S0954102022000049
K. Alexander, K. Marx, Linda Hunt, Mengzhu Zhang
Abstract Like every other continent in the world, Antarctica has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in an imagined as well as a practical sense. Antarctica is a mediated experience; that is, most of us experience the place through films, novels, music, visual arts and the media. We present an analysis of media articles from eight countries over three time periods - pre-COVID-19 outbreak (October–December 2019), shortly after the pandemic hit the headlines (March–May 2020) and when the virus was established (October–December 2020) - to discover how COVID-19 may have changed Antarctic discourse. Our study shows that representations of Antarctica have been affected by the pandemic, in some instances reinforcing existing ideas and in other cases bringing new ideas to the fore. Based on our findings, we believe that COVID-19 has begun to change representations of Antarctica, stepping us away from the prevailing Antarctic hero narrative and providing a more contemporary understanding of the Antarctic experience. We argue that this may increase our motivation to engage with Antarctic issues, with associated implications for future global stewardship of the region.
{"title":"Antarctic representation in print media during the emergence of COVID-19","authors":"K. Alexander, K. Marx, Linda Hunt, Mengzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0954102022000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102022000049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Like every other continent in the world, Antarctica has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in an imagined as well as a practical sense. Antarctica is a mediated experience; that is, most of us experience the place through films, novels, music, visual arts and the media. We present an analysis of media articles from eight countries over three time periods - pre-COVID-19 outbreak (October–December 2019), shortly after the pandemic hit the headlines (March–May 2020) and when the virus was established (October–December 2020) - to discover how COVID-19 may have changed Antarctic discourse. Our study shows that representations of Antarctica have been affected by the pandemic, in some instances reinforcing existing ideas and in other cases bringing new ideas to the fore. Based on our findings, we believe that COVID-19 has begun to change representations of Antarctica, stepping us away from the prevailing Antarctic hero narrative and providing a more contemporary understanding of the Antarctic experience. We argue that this may increase our motivation to engage with Antarctic issues, with associated implications for future global stewardship of the region.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"180 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46292079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000523
H. Pehlke, T. Brey, Rebecca Konijnenberg, K. Teschke
Abstract Sea ice is the major constraint on human activities in the Southern Ocean. Depending on a vessel's ice class, human mobility may be restricted or even prevented altogether by sea-ice conditions. This may imply limited access to research or monitoring stations, preferred fishing grounds or attractive tourist sites. Here, we introduce a statistical model that evaluates the sea-ice cover with two measures: 1) accessibility (i.e. the probability that a given area is navigable by vessels at a given time) and 2) repeated accessibility (i.e. the probability that a given area is navigable by vessels at a given time and again at least once within a defined timespan). We use daily sea-ice concentration data from 2002 to 2020 to demonstrate this tool and its functioning regarding the spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover in the wider Weddell Sea region. These findings reflect known characteristics of sea-ice distribution and dynamics in the Weddell Sea, confirming the functionality of our simple tool for determining repeated accessibility of certain areas. Such a tool may facilitate the planning of research and monitoring activities in the Southern Ocean, as well as in Arctic seas.
{"title":"A tool to evaluate accessibility due to sea-ice cover: a case study of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica","authors":"H. Pehlke, T. Brey, Rebecca Konijnenberg, K. Teschke","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sea ice is the major constraint on human activities in the Southern Ocean. Depending on a vessel's ice class, human mobility may be restricted or even prevented altogether by sea-ice conditions. This may imply limited access to research or monitoring stations, preferred fishing grounds or attractive tourist sites. Here, we introduce a statistical model that evaluates the sea-ice cover with two measures: 1) accessibility (i.e. the probability that a given area is navigable by vessels at a given time) and 2) repeated accessibility (i.e. the probability that a given area is navigable by vessels at a given time and again at least once within a defined timespan). We use daily sea-ice concentration data from 2002 to 2020 to demonstrate this tool and its functioning regarding the spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover in the wider Weddell Sea region. These findings reflect known characteristics of sea-ice distribution and dynamics in the Weddell Sea, confirming the functionality of our simple tool for determining repeated accessibility of certain areas. Such a tool may facilitate the planning of research and monitoring activities in the Southern Ocean, as well as in Arctic seas.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"97 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000547
S. Kakareka, S. Salivonchyk
Abstract This article is devoted to the assessment of trends of atmospheric air pollution and atmospheric impacts on the environment in the oases of the Thala Hills, Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Estimates of annual emissions of SO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx), inhalable particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and CO and their dynamics over 56 years of Thala Hills exploration are given, as well as levels of surface air concentrations of SO2, NOx, PM10 and PM10 atmospheric depositions using air dispersion modelling. It is shown, in particular, that average annual emissions of NOx, PM10 and CO peaked in the early 1990s and have decreased 30.9 times by now. Sulphur dioxide emissions were highest in the late 1960s–late 1970s and decreased 270 times since then. Results of comparisons of modelled air concentrations and depositions with the available data on the measurement of surface air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric depositions are presented. Sources of uncertainties in the estimates of emissions, ground-level concentrations and depositions are described. Proposed approaches can be used to assess the cumulative impacts of ongoing and planned activities on atmospheric air and on other components of the environment through assessing the atmospheric air in the Antarctic Treaty area.
{"title":"Retrospective modelling of air pollution due to the operation of scientific stations in Antarctica: an experience of reanalysis","authors":"S. Kakareka, S. Salivonchyk","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000547","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is devoted to the assessment of trends of atmospheric air pollution and atmospheric impacts on the environment in the oases of the Thala Hills, Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Estimates of annual emissions of SO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx), inhalable particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and CO and their dynamics over 56 years of Thala Hills exploration are given, as well as levels of surface air concentrations of SO2, NOx, PM10 and PM10 atmospheric depositions using air dispersion modelling. It is shown, in particular, that average annual emissions of NOx, PM10 and CO peaked in the early 1990s and have decreased 30.9 times by now. Sulphur dioxide emissions were highest in the late 1960s–late 1970s and decreased 270 times since then. Results of comparisons of modelled air concentrations and depositions with the available data on the measurement of surface air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric depositions are presented. Sources of uncertainties in the estimates of emissions, ground-level concentrations and depositions are described. Proposed approaches can be used to assess the cumulative impacts of ongoing and planned activities on atmospheric air and on other components of the environment through assessing the atmospheric air in the Antarctic Treaty area.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"45 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44423358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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