Comptes Rendus Mecanique最新文献

Conformal mapping and analytic continuation are employed to prove the existence of an internal uniform electroelastic field inside a non-elliptical piezoelectric inhomogeneity interacting with a screw dislocation. We focus specifically on the case when the piezoelectric matrix surrounding the inhomogeneity is subjected to uniform remote anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loading and a constraint is imposed between the remote loading and the screw dislocation. The constraint can be expressed in a relatively simple decoupled form by utilizing orthogonality relationships between two corresponding eigenvectors. The internal uniform electroelastic field is found to be independent of the presence of the screw dislocation; moreover, it can be expressed in decoupled form.

In common practice, the pile–soil–raft interaction still remains a challenging problem in the analysis of piled-raft foundations. In the present study, a simplified analytical approach is introduced to analyze a vertically-loaded piled-raft foundation by using a developed homogenization technique called the two-phase approach. In spite of classical and simplified methods in the literature, the proposed method considers the pile–soil interaction. The other major advantage is the ability to predict the axial pile load along the pile length. The problem is solved in the domain of elasticity and simple closed-form solutions are presented for the prediction of the settlement and the pile load sharing of a piled raft as well as the pile's axial force distribution along its length. The applicability of the proposed method is validated by considering case studies and field measurements. A comparison of the results indicates that the method can be utilized safely in a proper, quick, and effective manner with the least computational effort in comparison with sophisticated numerical approaches. The raft settlement can be accurately predicted while the pile load sharing might be over/under estimated. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the response of piled-raft foundations including the influence of the parameters of the soil and the geometric characteristics of the piles.

Some implications of the simplest accounting of defects of compatibility in the velocity field on the structure of the classical Navier–Stokes equations are explored, leading to connections between classical elasticity, the elastic theory of defects, plasticity theory, and classical fluid mechanics.

A machine tool spindle system model is proposed in this paper to investigate the non-linear face-milling cutting forces behavior, which are neglected in the literature, in order to predict the total mechanical power of a spindle. A simulation of the structure of the spindle based on the finite-element method is elaborated to estimate the variable cutting forces and then the variable power loss generated by bearings, considering the angular position and contact angles of the variable balls. Experiments are elaborated to compare the experimental power values with the predicted results. Particular attention is paid to different types of defects (inner ring spalling, outer ring spalling, eccentricity, and unbalance) in order to study their impact on the power consumed by the spindle during the approach and cutting phases under different rotating conditions.

Condition monitoring of gearboxes running under non-stationary operating conditions is a very difficult task. In this study, a signal processing technique is developed for damage detection of a bevel gearbox running under variable load and speed conditions. The proposed technique is applied on simulated vibration data computed through a dynamic model of bevel gearbox. The procedure used in this technique is based on the extraction of the shock related to the defect using the Shock Detector (SD) method. Firstly, vibration signals are decomposed into IMFs using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Then, the Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) is used to assess the instantaneous energy of the signal. Afterwards, SD is applied to examine and quantify the shock contents of the TKEO signal, which reflect the effect of the defect.

We analyze the problem of finding the shape of the tallest column. For the system of equations that determine the optimal shape we construct a variational principle and two new first integrals. From the first integrals we are able to determine, analytically, the size of the cross-sectional area of the optimal column at the bottom, as well as the corresponding bending moment and curvature of the elastic line. Our result for critical load is compared with the results obtained by other methods.

Polymers are commonly found to have low mechanical properties, e.g., low stiffness and low strength. To improve the mechanical properties of polymers, various types of fillers have been added. These fillers can be either micro- or nano-sized; however; nano-sized fillers are found to be more efficient in improving the mechanical properties than micro-sized fillers. In this research, we have analysed the mechanical behaviour of silica reinforced nanocomposites printed by using a new 5-axis photopolymer extrusion 3D printing technique. The printer has 3 translational axes and 2 rotational axes, which enables it to print free-standing objects. Since this is a new technique and in order to characterise the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites manufactured using this new technique, we carried out experimental and numerical analyses. We added a nano-sized silica filler to enhance the properties of a 3D printed photopolymer. Different concentrations of the filler were added and their effects on mechanical properties were studied by conducting uniaxial tensile tests. We observed an improvement in mechanical properties following the addition of the nano-sized filler. In order to observe the tensile strength, dog-bone samples using a new photopolymer extrusion printing technique were prepared. A viscoelastic model was developed and stress relaxation tests were conducted on the photopolymer in order to calibrate the viscoelastic parameters. The developed computational model of nano reinforced polymer composite takes into account the nanostructure and the dispersion of the nanoparticles. Hyper and viscoelastic phenomena was considered to validate and analyse the stress–strain relationship in the cases of filler concentrations of 8%, 9%, and 10%. In order to represent the nanostructure, a 3D representative volume element (RVE) was utilized and subsequent simulations were run in the commercial finite element package ABAQUS. The results acquired in this study could lead to a better understanding of the mechanical characteristics of the nanoparticle reinforced composite, manufactured using a new photopolymer extrusion 5-axis 3D printing technique.

The Shallow–Water Equations (SWEs), also referred to as the de Saint-Venant equations, constitute the current governing mathematical tool for free-surface water flows. These include, e.g., flood flows in rivers and in urban zones, flows across hydraulic structures as dams or wastewater facilities, flows in the environmental fields, glaciology, or meteorology. Despite this attractiveness, the system of two partial differential equations has an exact mathematical solution only for a limited number of problems of practical relevance.

This historical work on the SWEs is based on a correspondence between two 19th-century scientists, de Saint-Venant and Boussinesq. Their well-known papers are thus commented from the point of development of their theory; the input of both scientists is evidenced by their writings, and comments of both to each other that led to what is commonly known as the SWEs. Given the age difference of the two of 45 years, the experienced engineer de Saint-Venant, and the mathematician Boussinesq, two eminent researchers, met to discuss not only problems in hydraulics, but in physics generally. In addition, their correspondence embraced also questions in ethics, religion, history of sciences, and personal news.

The results of the SWEs cease to hold if streamline curvature effects dominate; this includes breaking waves, solitary and cnoidal waves, or non-linear waves in general. In most other cases, however, the SWEs perfectly apply to typical flows in engineering practice; they are considered the fundamental system of equations describing open channel flows. This work thus provides a background to its birth, including lots of comments as to its improvement, physical meanings, methods of solution, and a discussion of the results. This paper also deals with the steady flow equations, gives a short account on the main persons mentioned in the Correspondence, and provides a summary of further developments of the SWEs until 1920.

During machining processes, materials undergo severe deformations that lead to different behavior than in the case of slow deformation. The microstructure changes, as a consequence, affect the materials properties and therefore influence the functionality of the component. Developing material models capable of capturing such changes is therefore critical to better understand the interaction process–materials. In this paper, we introduce a new physics model associating Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) with Dislocation Density (DD) models. The modeling and the experimental results of a series of large strain experiments on polycrystalline copper (OFHC) involving sequences of shear deformation and strain rate (varying from quasi-static to dynamic) are very similar to those observed in processes such as machining. The Kocks–Mecking model, using the mechanical threshold stress as an internal state variable, correlates well with experimental results and strain rate jump experiments. This model was compared to the well-known Johnson–Cook model that showed some shortcomings in capturing the stain jump. The results show a high effect of rate sensitivity of strain hardening at large strains. Coupling the mechanical threshold stress dislocation density (MTS–DD), material models were implemented in the Abaqus/Explicit FE code. The model shows potentialities in predicting an increase in dislocation density and a reduction in cell size. It could ideally be used in the modeling of machining processes.

The description of the new contact mechanism between dissimilar materials during joint plastic deformation is proposed in this paper. To analyze the process of joint deformation of composite material layers, a multi-stage analytical model was developed based on the study of the contact interaction between the surfaces of the materials to be bonded using the slip line method. When mathematical simulation of the process of joint deformation of dissimilar materials, the influence of the geometrical surface profile of a harder layer of a composite, as a more significant factor, was estimated. For the entire range of influence of the investigated geometrical surface profile of a harder material of a composite, the final forming and stress state parameters in its intermediate zone were determined. To verify the analytical model, computer simulation of the process of joint deformation of composite material layers by the finite element method in two-dimensional formulation was carried out. The comparison of both solutions has confirmed the adequacy of the results obtained in the mathematical simulation. The theoretical model can be used in the development of bonding mechanisms between dissimilar materials, in the development of manufacturing technologies of new clad composite materials, as well as in the analysis and improvement of the existing manufacturing technologies of clad composite materials.