Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102326
Lucas Cecílio Vilar , Antônio Carlos Silva Rego , Marco Antônio Lemos Miguel , Rodolfo Pinheiro da Rocha Paranhos , Marinella Silva Laport , Ciro César Rossi , Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
Environmental Staphylococci, particularly coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), are known reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes and human-animal opportunistic pathogens, yet their role within the One Health framework remains underexplored. In this study, we isolated 12 species of CoNS from two sites 10 km apart in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, with the most frequent species being the opportunistic Staphylococcus saprophyticus (30.3 %), Staphylococcus warneri (25.7 %), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.7 %). GTG5-PCR fingerprinting revealed significant genetic diversity, yet identical profiles persisted across both sites throughout the year, indicating strain dispersion and persistence. Among the 66 strains analyzed, 42 exhibited resistance to clinically significant antimicrobials, including methicillin-resistant strains harboring the mecA gene. Remarkably, 22.7 % of the strains carried CRISPR-Cas systems, a frequency unusually high for Staphylococcus spp., suggesting that bacteriophage pressure in the seawater environment may drive this increase. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant CoNS in Guanabara Bay, a popular recreational area, represents a potential public health risk.
{"title":"Staphylococcus spp. and methicillin-resistance gene mecA dispersion in seawater: A case study of Guanabara Bay's recreational and touristic waters","authors":"Lucas Cecílio Vilar , Antônio Carlos Silva Rego , Marco Antônio Lemos Miguel , Rodolfo Pinheiro da Rocha Paranhos , Marinella Silva Laport , Ciro César Rossi , Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental <em>Staphylococci</em>, particularly coagulase-negative <em>Staphylococci</em> (CoNS), are known reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes and human-animal opportunistic pathogens, yet their role within the One Health framework remains underexplored. In this study, we isolated 12 species of CoNS from two sites 10 km apart in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, with the most frequent species being the opportunistic <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em> (30.3 %), <em>Staphylococcus warneri</em> (25.7 %), and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> (16.7 %). GTG<sub>5</sub>-PCR fingerprinting revealed significant genetic diversity, yet identical profiles persisted across both sites throughout the year, indicating strain dispersion and persistence. Among the 66 strains analyzed, 42 exhibited resistance to clinically significant antimicrobials, including methicillin-resistant strains harboring the <em>mecA</em> gene. Remarkably, 22.7 % of the strains carried CRISPR-Cas systems, a frequency unusually high for <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp., suggesting that bacteriophage pressure in the seawater environment may drive this increase. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant CoNS in Guanabara Bay, a popular recreational area, represents a potential public health risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brucellosis remains a critical public health and economic concern in Tanzania, particularly in regions with high livestock-human interaction. This paper developed a data-driven dynamical system model to evaluate targeted interventions for controlling brucellosis transmission. The model integrated human, animal, and environmental components, emphasizing public health education and domestic animal management practices. Data from ten regions namely Dodoma, Morogoro, Manyara, Arusha, Mara, Kagera, Shinyanga, Mwanza, Tanga, and Singida, collected between January 2021 and May 2024 were used for parameter estimation. The model was fitted to observed data using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with the Adaptive Metropolis algorithm, while a graph-theoretic approach derived the effective reproduction number (Re) and the force of infection to quantify intervention impacts. Results showed a marked decline in brucellosis transmission. The force of infection dropped from 0.99262 in 2021 to 0.13265 in May 2024, and annual cases fell from 173 in 2021 to 93 in 2024. Public health education improved safe animal handling practices, while enhanced animal management strategies such as fencing, health checks, isolation of infected animals, and controlled breeding curbed disease spread and reduced environmental contamination. Sustained interventions kept Re < 1, achieving long-term disease control. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, expanded diagnostics, and region-specific interventions to sustain progress and address remaining challenges.
布鲁氏菌病在坦桑尼亚仍然是一个严重的公共卫生和经济问题，特别是在牲畜-人相互作用高的区域。本文开发了一个数据驱动的动态系统模型来评估控制布鲁氏菌病传播的有针对性干预措施。该模式综合了人、动物和环境因素，强调公共卫生教育和家畜管理实践。使用2021年1月至2024年5月期间从Dodoma、Morogoro、Manyara、Arusha、Mara、Kagera、Shinyanga、Mwanza、Tanga和Singida等10个地区收集的数据进行参数估计。采用自适应Metropolis算法，利用Markov Chain Monte Carlo （MCMC）方法拟合观测数据，并利用图论方法推导出有效繁殖数（Re）和感染力，量化干预影响。结果显示布鲁氏菌病的传播明显下降。感染力从2021年的0.99262下降到2024年5月的0.13265，年病例从2021年的173例下降到2024年的93例。公共卫生教育改进了安全处理动物的做法，同时加强了动物管理战略，如围栏、健康检查、隔离受感染动物和控制饲养，遏制了疾病传播并减少了环境污染。持续的干预使Re <；1、实现疾病的长期控制。这些发现强调了持续监测、扩大诊断和针对特定区域的干预措施的重要性，以保持进展并应对仍然存在的挑战。
{"title":"A data-driven dynamical system model for assessing targeted interventions against brucellosis in Tanzania","authors":"Innocent Sosoma , Eunice Mureithi , Guttorm Alendal , Zachariah Makondo , Nyimvua Shaban Mbare","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis remains a critical public health and economic concern in Tanzania, particularly in regions with high livestock-human interaction. This paper developed a data-driven dynamical system model to evaluate targeted interventions for controlling brucellosis transmission. The model integrated human, animal, and environmental components, emphasizing public health education and domestic animal management practices. Data from ten regions namely Dodoma, Morogoro, Manyara, Arusha, Mara, Kagera, Shinyanga, Mwanza, Tanga, and Singida, collected between January 2021 and May 2024 were used for parameter estimation. The model was fitted to observed data using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with the Adaptive Metropolis algorithm, while a graph-theoretic approach derived the effective reproduction number (<em>R</em><sub><em>e</em></sub>) and the force of infection to quantify intervention impacts. Results showed a marked decline in brucellosis transmission. The force of infection dropped from 0.99262 in 2021 to 0.13265 in May 2024, and annual cases fell from 173 in 2021 to 93 in 2024. Public health education improved safe animal handling practices, while enhanced animal management strategies such as fencing, health checks, isolation of infected animals, and controlled breeding curbed disease spread and reduced environmental contamination. Sustained interventions kept <em>R</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> < 1, achieving long-term disease control. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, expanded diagnostics, and region-specific interventions to sustain progress and address remaining challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102325
Renata Fagundes-Moreira , Domenico Otranto , Gianpaolo Montinaro , Ernesto Filippi , Alessio Lorusso , Antonio Petrini , Livia De Fazi , Marialaura Corrente , Giovanni Benelli , Jairo A. Mendoza-Roldan
Reptiles harbour a wide range of pathogen species, some of which can pose risks to human health. Among them, snakes serve as valuable sentinels for monitoring pathogens, particularly in some cultural contexts where animal-human interactions offer a unique opportunity to delve into bacterial dynamics throughout the years. This is the case of the annual serpent ritual “festa dei serpari” in Cocullo, in central Italy renowned for the San Domenico snakes festival. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of a comprehensive database of bacterial pathogens associated with wild snakes captured during the ritual, from 2010 to 2023 (excluding 2020 and 2021). Using different sampling methods, comprising cloacal, oral, and cutaneous swabs, along with faecal material, a total of 563 biological samples were collected from 465 registered snakes harvested for this unique ritual. Samples were analysed to assess the prevalence of bacterial species on snakes and the potential risks to human health. Seventy bacterial species were identified using traditional growth media, molecular diagnosis, biochemical analyses, and mass spectrometry performed in two national reference institutes. Among the results, zoonotic and opportunistic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were of particular concern. The results also revealed significant trends during the years under investigation, with an increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus sciuri, along with a decline in Salmonella spp. Our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens, given the close human-snake interactions that occur during this Sacro-profane historical ritual.
爬行动物携带多种病原体，其中一些可能对人类健康构成威胁。其中，蛇是监测病原体的宝贵哨兵，特别是在某些文化背景下，动物与人类的互动提供了一个独特的机会，可以多年来深入研究细菌动态。在意大利中部以圣多梅尼科蛇节而闻名的科库洛，一年一度的蛇仪式“festa dei serpari”就是这样。本研究对2010年至2023年（不包括2020年和2021年）在仪式期间捕获的野生蛇相关细菌病原体的综合数据库进行了回顾性分析。使用不同的采样方法，包括肛肠、口腔和皮肤拭子以及粪便材料，从465条为这一独特仪式采集的登记蛇中收集了563个生物样本。对样本进行了分析，以评估蛇身上细菌种类的流行程度以及对人类健康的潜在风险。在两个国家参考研究所使用传统培养基、分子诊断、生化分析和质谱法鉴定了70种细菌。其中，沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、耐药铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌等人畜共患和机会性细菌尤其值得关注。结果还揭示了调查期间的重要趋势，革兰氏阴性菌和严重葡萄球菌的流行率上升，沙门氏菌的流行率下降。我们的研究结果强调了持续监测人畜共患病原体的重要性，因为在这一神圣亵渎的历史仪式中，人蛇之间发生了密切的相互作用。
{"title":"Cultural human-snake interactions in the festa dei serpari as an opportunity for the surveillance of bacterial pathogens of zoonotic concern","authors":"Renata Fagundes-Moreira , Domenico Otranto , Gianpaolo Montinaro , Ernesto Filippi , Alessio Lorusso , Antonio Petrini , Livia De Fazi , Marialaura Corrente , Giovanni Benelli , Jairo A. Mendoza-Roldan","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reptiles harbour a wide range of pathogen species, some of which can pose risks to human health. Among them, snakes serve as valuable sentinels for monitoring pathogens, particularly in some cultural contexts where animal-human interactions offer a unique opportunity to delve into bacterial dynamics throughout the years. This is the case of the annual serpent ritual “<em>festa dei serpari</em>” in Cocullo, in central Italy renowned for the San Domenico snakes festival. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of a comprehensive database of bacterial pathogens associated with wild snakes captured during the ritual, from 2010 to 2023 (excluding 2020 and 2021). Using different sampling methods, comprising cloacal, oral, and cutaneous swabs, along with faecal material, a total of 563 biological samples were collected from 465 registered snakes harvested for this unique ritual. Samples were analysed to assess the prevalence of bacterial species on snakes and the potential risks to human health. Seventy bacterial species were identified using traditional growth media, molecular diagnosis, biochemical analyses, and mass spectrometry performed in two national reference institutes. Among the results, zoonotic and opportunistic bacteria such as <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and drug-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> were of particular concern. The results also revealed significant trends during the years under investigation, with an increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria and <em>Staphylococcus sciuri</em>, along with a decline in <em>Salmonella</em> spp. Our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens, given the close human-snake interactions that occur during this Sacro-profane historical ritual.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine the prevalence, and the genomic characteristics of beta-lactamase-Resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of migratory geese at one health interface in West Texas. A descriptive study was conducted. We collected geese feces (n = 165), water (n = 118), and soil (n = 74) from 22 recreational parks in West Texas. We used Chromogenic agar to isolate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-Resistant-E. coli. We used the whole genome sequencing (WGS) method to determine the genomic characteristics of selected E. coli isolates. Among 357 samples, 12.61 % (95 %CI: 9.34–16.50) were positive for ESBL- Resistant-E. coli. From WGS of 20 E. coli isolates, 19 isolates harbored at least 1 beta-lactamase gene including blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-32, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B. Most of the isolates carried genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines-(tet(A), tet(B)), aminoglycosides-(aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ia, aadA1), sulfonamides-(sul1,sul2), amphenicol-(floR), trimethoprim-(dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA17) and streptogramin-B(MLSB) agent-(mph(A)). 13 isolates showed chromosomal mutations in the promoter region G of the ampC beta-lactamase gene. We detected sixteen incompatibility plasmid groups and 60 virulence genes, which are related to adherence, exotoxin, invasion, and nutrition/metabolic factors. Genome analysis showed that all isolates were genetically similar to human E. coli isolates. The study showed that migratory geese at recreational parks can be reservoirs of resistant bacteria with diverse serotypes and sequence types of E. coli isolates. Based on the findings, the detection of a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain reinforces the importance of adequate hygiene practices for humans and pet animals after visiting recreational parks.
{"title":"Beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in migratory geese at West Texas recreational parks","authors":"Yamima Tasnim , Md. Kaisar Rahman , Cherissa Abdul-Hamid , Babafela Awosile","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence, and the genomic characteristics of <em>beta-lactamase-</em>Resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolated from the feces of migratory geese at one health interface in West Texas. A descriptive study was conducted. We collected geese feces (n = 165), water (n = 118), and soil (n = 74) from 22 recreational parks in West Texas. We used Chromogenic agar to isolate extended-spectrum <em>beta-lactamase</em> (ESBL)-Resistant-<em>E. coli</em>. We used the whole genome sequencing (WGS) method to determine the genomic characteristics of selected <em>E. coli</em> isolates. Among 357 samples, 12.61 % (95 %CI: 9.34–16.50) were positive for ESBL- Resistant-<em>E. coli</em>. From WGS of 20 <em>E. coli</em> isolates, 19 isolates harbored at least 1 <em>beta-lactamase</em> gene including <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-1</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-65</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-14</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-15</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-27</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-55</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M-32</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1A</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1B</sub>. Most of the isolates carried genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines-(<em>tet(A)</em>, <em>tet(B)</em>), aminoglycosides-(<em>aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ia, aadA1</em>), sulfonamides-(<em>sul1,sul2</em>), amphenicol-(<em>floR</em>), trimethoprim-(<em>dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA17</em>) and streptogramin-B(MLSB) agent-(<em>mph(A)</em>). 13 isolates showed chromosomal mutations in the promoter region G of the <em>ampC beta-lactamase</em> gene. We detected sixteen incompatibility plasmid groups and 60 virulence genes, which are related to adherence, exotoxin, invasion, and nutrition/metabolic factors. Genome analysis showed that all isolates were genetically similar to human <em>E. coli</em> isolates. The study showed that migratory geese at recreational parks can be reservoirs of resistant bacteria with diverse serotypes and sequence types of <em>E. coli</em> isolates. Based on the findings, the detection of a multidrug-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strain reinforces the importance of adequate hygiene practices for humans and pet animals after visiting recreational parks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study, investigates the prevalence of Eimeria species in broiler farms in Medea, Algeria. A total of 200 samples were collected from 26 breeding farms across 07 regions in Medea, finding a prevalence rate of 100 %. Five Eimeria species were present in all broiler farms. The results indicated that most fecal samples contained multiple Eimeria species. The decreasing infection rates of Eimeria in the studied broiler farms were: E. Mitis (92,5 %), E. tenella (81 %), E. necatrix (76 %),E. maxima (38,5 %), E. brunetti (22 %),E. acervulina (00 %), and E. praecox (00 %). This indicates that E. mitis is the predominant species in the province of Medea.Histopathological examination of the intestines revealed destruction of epithelial cells caused by the development of the parasite's asexual stages, leading to errosive and hemorrhagic lesions throughout the entire intestine. The mucosa appeared denuded and disrupted, with intense inflammation extending from the lamina propria to the submucosa. Additionally, thickening of the muscularis mucosa was observed, along with broken or fused tips of the villi. These results indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis is high among the broiler farms in Medea province, North of Algeria. As a conclusion, it seems that the epidemiological situation of poultry coccidiosis in Medea province must be taken into consideration in order to minimize the economic losses caused by this parasitosis.
{"title":"Prevalence of coccidiosis in broiler chickens in Medea, Algeria","authors":"Khelouia Amina , Mohamed Sadek Bachene , Oumouna Mustapha , Taha Moussadak Hamdi","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study, investigates the prevalence of Eimeria species in broiler farms in Medea, Algeria. A total of 200 samples were collected from 26 breeding farms across 07 regions in Medea, finding a prevalence rate of 100 %. Five Eimeria species were present in all broiler farms. The results indicated that most fecal samples contained multiple Eimeria species. The decreasing infection rates of Eimeria in the studied broiler farms were: E. Mitis (92,5 %), E. tenella (81 %), E. necatrix (76 %),E. maxima (38,5 %), E. brunetti (22 %),E. acervulina (00 %), and E. praecox (00 %). This indicates that E. mitis is the predominant species in the province of Medea.Histopathological examination of the intestines revealed destruction of epithelial cells caused by the development of the parasite's asexual stages, leading to errosive and hemorrhagic lesions throughout the entire intestine. The mucosa appeared denuded and disrupted, with intense inflammation extending from the <em>lamina propria</em> to the submucosa. Additionally, thickening of the muscularis mucosa was observed, along with broken or fused tips of the villi. These results indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis is high among the broiler farms in Medea province, North of Algeria. As a conclusion, it seems that the epidemiological situation of poultry coccidiosis in Medea province must be taken into consideration in order to minimize the economic losses caused by this parasitosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102322
Shan-Hong Yi , Dan Xun , Qiao-Ling Lei, Chen-Chen Yang, Jian-Wei Shao
Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spirochetes, poses a significant global public health threat. Rodents, particularly those inhabiting urban environments, are recognized as the primary reservoirs for human infections. Therefore, conducting epidemiological studies on pathogenic Leptospira in urban rodent populations is essential for evaluating the risk of human leptospirosis. In this study, we captured 263 Rattus norvegicus from urban residential areas across five districts in Guangzhou to access the prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira. Our findings revealed the presence of two pathogenic Leptospira species, L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii, which are the primary pathogens responsible for human leptospirosis in China, in four of the five districts, with an overall prevalence of 10.3 %. Given the close proximity of R. norvegicus to human populations in urban areas, this significant prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira indicates an elevated risk of leptospirosis outbreaks among residents of Guangzhou. These results highlight the urgent need for ongoing monitoring of pathogenic Leptospira infections in urban rodent populations to prevent and control potential outbreaks of leptospirosis in the city.
{"title":"Epidemiology and genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira among Rattus norvegicus in urban residential areas of Guangzhou, Southern China","authors":"Shan-Hong Yi , Dan Xun , Qiao-Ling Lei, Chen-Chen Yang, Jian-Wei Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spirochetes, poses a significant global public health threat. Rodents, particularly those inhabiting urban environments, are recognized as the primary reservoirs for human infections. Therefore, conducting epidemiological studies on pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> in urban rodent populations is essential for evaluating the risk of human leptospirosis. In this study, we captured 263 <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> from urban residential areas across five districts in Guangzhou to access the prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em>. Our findings revealed the presence of two pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> species, <em>L. interrogans</em> and <em>L. borgpetersenii</em>, which are the primary pathogens responsible for human leptospirosis in China, in four of the five districts, with an overall prevalence of 10.3 %. Given the close proximity of <em>R. norvegicus</em> to human populations in urban areas, this significant prevalence of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> indicates an elevated risk of leptospirosis outbreaks among residents of Guangzhou. These results highlight the urgent need for ongoing monitoring of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> infections in urban rodent populations to prevent and control potential outbreaks of leptospirosis in the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102318
Shaimaa El-gbily , Marwa M. Eldokmak , Rasha Diabb , Osama M. Abas , Emad Beshir Ata , Safwat Kamal , Shahenaz M.H. Hassan
Lamb diarrhea is an important problem and has a significance impact on the ovine sector productivity. This study aimed to identify the causative agent related to a severe diarrhea outbreak in neonatal lambs in Egypt. A total number of 30 lambs representing different farms were investigated. Faecal samples were obtained for parasitological, bacteriological, and virological examination. Tissue samples were obtained for histopathology. While blood was obtained for measuring haematological parameters and humeral immune response against the used Entero-3 vaccine®, respectively. The obtained results cleared presence of significant clinical symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration and inflammation of the large intestine which was filled with watery fluid content. Parasitological causative agents were not recorded. Enterococcus sp. was successfully isolated from 30 % of the samples (seven isolates E. faecium and two E. gallinarum) with detection of the Asa and Esp virulence genes. While E. coli was detected in 26.6 % of the cases, they were identified as O124:K72, O111:K58, O78:K80, O26:K60 with successful amplification of the Sta and F5 (K99) virulence genes. The obtained isolates were susceptible to the Amikacin . Using vaccination as a prophylactic approach resulted in decreasing mortality rates with presence of a protective seroconversion rate in the vaccinated animals. The haematological parameters showed presence of neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. Histopathologically, desquamations of the villi’ enterocytes were the most common lesion. In conclusion, this study highlights the roles of bacterial and viral infection in causing severe lamb enteritis and high mortalities which necessitate establishing of ewe’s vaccination programs.
{"title":"Severe lamb diarrhea outbreak: Clinical features, identification of the causative agent, and a prophylactic approach","authors":"Shaimaa El-gbily , Marwa M. Eldokmak , Rasha Diabb , Osama M. Abas , Emad Beshir Ata , Safwat Kamal , Shahenaz M.H. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lamb diarrhea is an important problem and has a significance impact on the ovine sector productivity. This study aimed to identify the causative agent related to a severe diarrhea outbreak in neonatal lambs in Egypt. A total number of 30 lambs representing different farms were investigated. Faecal samples were obtained for parasitological, bacteriological, and virological examination. Tissue samples were obtained for histopathology. While blood was obtained for measuring haematological parameters and humeral immune response against the used Entero-3 vaccine®, respectively. The obtained results cleared presence of significant clinical symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration and inflammation of the large intestine which was filled with watery fluid content. Parasitological causative agents were not recorded. <em>Enterococcus sp.</em> was successfully isolated from 30 % of the samples (seven isolates <em>E. faecium</em> and two <em>E. gallinarum</em>) with detection of the Asa and Esp virulence genes. While <em>E. coli</em> was detected in 26.6 % of the cases, they were identified as O124:K72, O111:K58, O78:K80, O26:K60 with successful amplification of the Sta and F5 (K99) virulence genes. The obtained isolates were susceptible to the Amikacin . Using vaccination as a prophylactic approach resulted in decreasing mortality rates with presence of a protective seroconversion rate in the vaccinated animals. The haematological parameters showed presence of neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. Histopathologically, desquamations of the villi’ enterocytes were the most common lesion. In conclusion, this study highlights the roles of bacterial and viral infection in causing severe lamb enteritis and high mortalities which necessitate establishing of ewe’s vaccination programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes severe economic losses in duck farms through complex, frequent infections and secondary infections. In this study, 73 suspected E. coli strains were isolated from diseased ducks of three provinces in China during 2019–2020, and identified using polymerase chain reaction. The O serotypes, drug susceptibility and molecular subtyping of the strains were also analyzed. The results showed that 9 of the 73 strains belong to classical APEC serotypes, including 1 serotype O1 strain, 2 serotype O2 strains, 2 serotype O18 strains, and 4 serotype O78 strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated that 69/73 (94.52 %) strains were sensitive to polymyxin B, but less than 6/73 (8.22 %) strains were sensitive to clindamycin, kanamycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline. All strains were multidrug-resistant. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis clustering analysis revealed that these strains shared over 50 % similarity of the band patterns, with seven groups showing 100 % similarity among themselves. Notably, strains from Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces in 2019 had 100 % similarity in certain groups, with some strains showing identical resistance profiles. Additionally, isolates from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces across different years also exhibited 100 % similarity, suggesting potential cross-province transmission. In summary, the 73 duck-derived E. coli isolates exhibited strong antibiotic resistance and a broad resistance profile, with genotypes showing polymorphic distribution and epidemiological relevance. The 100 % similarity among some strains within and between provinces underscores the need for epidemiological investigation to inform effective prevention and control measures.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of duck-derived Escherichia coli isolates","authors":"Hongyan Dong , Shanyuan Zhu , Dongyu Zheng , Caoyu Fei , Zhi Wu , Shuang Wu , Anping Wang , Shengqing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (APEC) causes severe economic losses in duck farms through complex, frequent infections and secondary infections<em>.</em> In this study, 73 suspected <em>E. coli</em> strains were isolated from diseased ducks of three provinces in China during 2019–2020, and identified using polymerase chain reaction. The O serotypes, drug susceptibility and molecular subtyping of the strains were also analyzed. The results showed that 9 of the 73 strains belong to classical APEC serotypes, including 1 serotype O1 strain, 2 serotype O2 strains, 2 serotype O18 strains, and 4 serotype O78 strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated that 69/73 (94.52 %) strains were sensitive to polymyxin B, but less than 6/73 (8.22 %) strains were sensitive to clindamycin, kanamycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline. All strains were multidrug-resistant. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis clustering analysis revealed that these strains shared over 50 % similarity of the band patterns, with seven groups showing 100 % similarity among themselves. Notably, strains from Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces in 2019 had 100 % similarity in certain groups, with some strains showing identical resistance profiles. Additionally, isolates from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces across different years also exhibited 100 % similarity, suggesting potential cross-province transmission. In summary, the 73 duck-derived <em>E. coli</em> isolates exhibited strong antibiotic resistance and a broad resistance profile, with genotypes showing polymorphic distribution and epidemiological relevance. The 100 % similarity among some strains within and between provinces underscores the need for epidemiological investigation to inform effective prevention and control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102319
Ufuk Erol , Omer Faruk Sahin , Osman Furkan Urhan , Melih Gazi Genc , Kursat Altay
Domestic cats are companion animals that live with people in their households or outdoors, and strong relationships exist between cats and humans. However, this animal is also a host/reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, including Rickettsia species. In Türkiye, cat ownership has increased over the years, but there is a lack of data on the pathogens in cats. In this study, 396 cat blood samples were collected from different parts of Türkiye, and these samples were investigated for Rickettsia species with PCR assay. In addition, DNA sequences were performed for species identification and phylogenetic analyses of detected Rickettsia species. 24 out of 396 cat blood samples (6.06 %) were found to be infected with Rickettsia species. The DNA sequence analyses of all PCR-positive samples were done, and Ri. aeschlimannii was identified in 17 samples, Ri. slovaca in four, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae in two, and Ri. raoultii in one sample. The phylogenetic analyses of obtained DNA from the above-mentioned species were performed. The sequence data belonging to the species were uploaded to the GenBank, and accession numbers for Rickettsia aeschlimannii (PP998242-PP998258), Ri. slovaca (PP998259-PP998262), Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae (PP998263-PP998264), and Ri. raoultii (PP998265) were taken. This result provides the first molecular detection of Ri. aeschlimannii, Ri. slovaca, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae, and Ri. raoultii in Türkiye. Moreover, the DNA of Ri. aeschlimannii, Ri. slovaca, and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae were identified in cat blood samples for the first time in the world, and the cats were a new host for these Rickettsia species. Detailed studies are, however, needed to determine the pathogenicity, biological characteristics, and vectors of these Rickettsia species in this new host.
{"title":"Primarily molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of spotted fever group Rickettsia species in cats in Türkiye: With new host reports of Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae","authors":"Ufuk Erol , Omer Faruk Sahin , Osman Furkan Urhan , Melih Gazi Genc , Kursat Altay","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domestic cats are companion animals that live with people in their households or outdoors, and strong relationships exist between cats and humans. However, this animal is also a host/reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, including <em>Rickettsia</em> species. In Türkiye, cat ownership has increased over the years, but there is a lack of data on the pathogens in cats. In this study, 396 cat blood samples were collected from different parts of Türkiye, and these samples were investigated for <em>Rickettsia</em> species with PCR assay. In addition, DNA sequences were performed for species identification and phylogenetic analyses of detected <em>Rickettsia</em> species. 24 out of 396 cat blood samples (6.06 %) were found to be infected with <em>Rickettsia</em> species. The DNA sequence analyses of all PCR-positive samples were done, and <em>Ri. aeschlimannii</em> was identified in 17 samples, <em>Ri. slovaca</em> in four, <em>Candidatus</em> Rickettsia barbariae in two, and <em>Ri. raoultii</em> in one sample. The phylogenetic analyses of obtained DNA from the above-mentioned species were performed. The sequence data belonging to the species were uploaded to the GenBank, and accession numbers for <em>Rickettsia aeschlimannii</em> (PP998242-PP998258), <em>Ri. slovaca</em> (PP998259-PP998262), <em>Candidatus Rickettsia</em> barbariae (PP998263-PP998264), and <em>Ri. raoultii</em> (PP998265) were taken. This result provides the first molecular detection of <em>Ri. aeschlimannii, Ri. slovaca, Candidatus</em> Rickettsia barbariae, and <em>Ri. raoultii</em> in Türkiye. Moreover, the DNA of <em>Ri. aeschlimannii, Ri. slovaca,</em> and <em>Candidatus</em> Rickettsia barbariae were identified in cat blood samples for the first time in the world, and the cats were a new host for these <em>Rickettsia</em> species. Detailed studies are, however, needed to determine the pathogenicity, biological characteristics, and vectors of these <em>Rickettsia</em> species in this new host.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102316
Mina Mamizadeh , Ali Pouryousef , Mohammad Reza Mohammadi , Mohammadreza Hafezi Ahmadi , Hassan Nourmohammadi , Ali Asghari
This study aimed to review and analyze the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of Giardia duodenalis in New World Camelids (NWCs) and Old World Camelids (OWCs), highlighting geographic and host-related variations. The statistical analyses were conducted using CMA software to estimate pooled prevalence rates. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I² statistic, and sensitivity analysis tested pooled prevalence after removing certain studies. Meta-regression examined the association between G. duodenalis prevalence in camelids and factors like publication year and sample size. Subgroup analyses investigated prevalence variations based on countries, continents, WHO regions, publication years, diagnostic methods, and sample sizes. A total of 22 studies/23 datasets were included, with eight on NWCs and 15 on OWCs, covering 5008 camelids across nine countries. The weighted G. duodenalis prevalence in camelids was 8.7 % (95 % CI: 5.6–13.3), with NWCs at 10.3 % (95 % CI: 3–29.7) and OWCs at 9.1 % (95 % CI: 6.7–12.2). Geographical analyses revealed the highest prevalence of G. duodenalis in South America (40.4 %) and the AMR WHO region (10.8 %), with notable rates in Peru (40.4 %) and Iraq (11.9 %). Sensitivity analysis showed that prevalence rates remain robust, unaffected by study exclusions. Neither the year of study nor sample size influenced infection rates in camelids. The identification of zoonotic assemblages A and E, and zoonotic sub-assemblage AI in camelids, is of public health significance. These insights enhance our understanding of G. duodenalis epidemiology in camelids, underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance and research regarding their effects on human and animal health.
{"title":"Prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of Giardia duodenalis in New and Old World Camelids: A comparative systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mina Mamizadeh , Ali Pouryousef , Mohammad Reza Mohammadi , Mohammadreza Hafezi Ahmadi , Hassan Nourmohammadi , Ali Asghari","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to review and analyze the prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> in New World Camelids (NWCs) and Old World Camelids (OWCs), highlighting geographic and host-related variations. The statistical analyses were conducted using CMA software to estimate pooled prevalence rates. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I² statistic, and sensitivity analysis tested pooled prevalence after removing certain studies. Meta-regression examined the association between <em>G. duodenalis</em> prevalence in camelids and factors like publication year and sample size. Subgroup analyses investigated prevalence variations based on countries, continents, WHO regions, publication years, diagnostic methods, and sample sizes. A total of 22 studies/23 datasets were included, with eight on NWCs and 15 on OWCs, covering 5008 camelids across nine countries. The weighted <em>G. duodenalis</em> prevalence in camelids was 8.7 % (95 % CI: 5.6–13.3), with NWCs at 10.3 % (95 % CI: 3–29.7) and OWCs at 9.1 % (95 % CI: 6.7–12.2). Geographical analyses revealed the highest prevalence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> in South America (40.4 %) and the AMR WHO region (10.8 %), with notable rates in Peru (40.4 %) and Iraq (11.9 %). Sensitivity analysis showed that prevalence rates remain robust, unaffected by study exclusions. Neither the year of study nor sample size influenced infection rates in camelids. The identification of zoonotic assemblages A and E, and zoonotic sub-assemblage AI in camelids, is of public health significance. These insights enhance our understanding of <em>G. duodenalis</em> epidemiology in camelids, underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance and research regarding their effects on human and animal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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