Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101196
Ke Wu , Xiao-xiao Ge , Xiao-fan Duan , Jie-qing Li , Kun Wang , Qiao-Hong Chen , Zhi-min Huang , Wei-yan Zhang , Yong Wu , Qun Li
PP2C serine-threonine phosphatase Wip1 plays an important role in normal tissue homeostasis, stress signaling and pathogenesis of various human diseases. It is an attractive drug target for cancer treatment and inhibition of its expression or activity constitute a novel therapeutic intervention strategy to prevent the development of various cancers. However, previous strategies for Wip1 suppression may be ineffective in cancers lacking p53. Here, we have characterized the activity of a novel Wip1 phosphatase activator, QGC-8–52, in preclinical models of breast malignancies. QGC-8–52 significantly sensitizes the cancer cell lines with p53 deletion to chemotherapeutic agents. This effect was mediated by the Wip1-FOXO3a interaction and subsequent dephosphorylation of Thr487 that resulted, in response to anticancer treatment, in enhancing the transcription activity of FOXO3a on the proapoptotic TRAIL gene. The sensitizing effect of Wip1 activation on chemotherapeutic drugs only targeted cancer cells lacking p53. The activation of Wip1 in normal cells provided protection from anticancer drug-induced apoptosis by reducing the strength of upstream signaling to p53. Therefore, during the treatment of anticancer drugs, the activated Wip1 phosphatase boosts the apoptosis of p53-negative tumors and protects normal tissues. Our findings may represent an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for cancers with p53 deletion.
{"title":"Wip1 phosphatase activator QGC-8–52 specifically sensitizes p53-negative cancer cells to chemotherapy while protecting normal cells","authors":"Ke Wu , Xiao-xiao Ge , Xiao-fan Duan , Jie-qing Li , Kun Wang , Qiao-Hong Chen , Zhi-min Huang , Wei-yan Zhang , Yong Wu , Qun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PP2C serine-threonine phosphatase Wip1 plays an important role in normal tissue homeostasis, stress signaling and pathogenesis of various human diseases. It is an attractive drug target for cancer treatment and inhibition of its expression or activity constitute a novel therapeutic intervention strategy to prevent the development of various cancers. However, previous strategies for Wip1 suppression may be ineffective in cancers lacking p53. Here, we have characterized the activity of a novel Wip1 phosphatase activator, QGC-8–52, in preclinical models of breast malignancies. QGC-8–52 significantly sensitizes the cancer cell lines with p53 deletion to chemotherapeutic agents. This effect was mediated by the Wip1-FOXO3a interaction and subsequent dephosphorylation of Thr487 that resulted, in response to anticancer treatment, in enhancing the transcription activity of FOXO3a on the proapoptotic <em>TRAIL</em> gene. The sensitizing effect of Wip1 activation on chemotherapeutic drugs only targeted cancer cells lacking p53. The activation of Wip1 in normal cells provided protection from anticancer drug-induced apoptosis by reducing the strength of upstream signaling to p53. Therefore, during the treatment of anticancer drugs, the activated Wip1 phosphatase boosts the apoptosis of p53-negative tumors and protects normal tissues. Our findings may represent an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for cancers with p53 deletion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101196"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unstable antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) under physiological conditions (especially the degradation instigated proteases) seems to be a persistent impediment for their successful implementation in clinical trials. Consequently, our objective was to devise AMP engineering frameworks that could sustain robust antibacterial efficacy within physiological environments.
Methods
In this work, we harvested AMPs with stable antimicrobial activity under the physiological barriers through the combination of idealized amphiphiles and trypsin inhibitors.
Results
We screened and identified the lead peptides IK3-A and IK3-S, which showed potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and exhibited promising biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Remarkably, IK3-A and IK3-S maintained sustained antibacterial potency under physiological salts, serum, and protease conditions. Furthermore, both IK3-A and IK3-S kill Gram-negative bacteria by attacking the bacterial cell membrane and inducing oxidative damage (at high concentrations). Crucially, IK3-A and IK3-S have optimal safety and efficacy in mice.
Conclusions
This is the first work to compare the effects of different trypsin inhibitors on the resistance of AMPs to protease hydrolysis on the same sequence platform. In conclusion, these findings provide guidance for the molecular design of AMPs with stable antibacterial activity under physiological conditions and facilitates the process of clinical translation of AMPs as antimicrobial biomaterials against MDR bacteria. Moreover, this may stimulate a more general interest in protease inhibitors as molecular scaffolds in the creation of highly stable peptide-based biomaterials.
{"title":"Association of idealized amphiphiles and protease inhibitors: Conferring antimicrobial peptides with stable antibacterial activity under physiological conditions to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria","authors":"Yongjie Zhu , Bowen Li , Wanying Xu, Yuanmengxue Wang, Guoyu Li, Chongpeng Bi, Anshan Shan, Changxuan Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The unstable antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) under physiological conditions (especially the degradation instigated proteases) seems to be a persistent impediment for their successful implementation in clinical trials. Consequently, our objective was to devise AMP engineering frameworks that could sustain robust antibacterial efficacy within physiological environments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this work, we harvested AMPs with stable antimicrobial activity under the physiological barriers through the combination of idealized amphiphiles and trypsin inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We screened and identified the lead peptides IK3-A and IK3-S, which showed potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and exhibited promising biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Remarkably, IK3-A and IK3-S maintained sustained antibacterial potency under physiological salts, serum, and protease conditions. Furthermore, both IK3-A and IK3-S kill Gram-negative bacteria by attacking the bacterial cell membrane and inducing oxidative damage (at high concentrations). Crucially, IK3-A and IK3-S have optimal safety and efficacy in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first work to compare the effects of different trypsin inhibitors on the resistance of AMPs to protease hydrolysis on the same sequence platform. In conclusion, these findings provide guidance for the molecular design of AMPs with stable antibacterial activity under physiological conditions and facilitates the process of clinical translation of AMPs as antimicrobial biomaterials against MDR bacteria. Moreover, this may stimulate a more general interest in protease inhibitors as molecular scaffolds in the creation of highly stable peptide-based biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101183"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101177
Philippe Icard , Mathilde Prieto , Antoine Coquerel , Ludovic Fournel , Joseph Gligorov , Johanna Noel , Adrien Mouren , Anthony Dohan , Marco Alifano , Luca Simula
Immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has demonstrated limited efficacy in a variety of solid cancers. Several factors contribute to explaining primary or secondary resistance. Among them, cancer cells, whose metabolism frequently relies on aerobic glycolysis, promote exhaustion of cytotoxic immune cells by diverting the glucose in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to their own profit, while secreting lactic acid that sustains the oxidative metabolism of immunosuppressive cells. Here, we propose to combine current treatment based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with high doses of sodium citrate (SCT) because citrate inhibits cancer cell metabolism (by targeting both glycolysis and oxidative metabolism) and may active anti-tumor immune response. Indeed, as showed in preclinical studies, SCT reduces cancer cell growth, promoting cell death and chemotherapy effectiveness. Furthermore, since the plasma membrane citrate carrier pmCIC is mainly expressed in cancer cells and low or not expressed in immune and non-transformed cells, we argue that the inhibition of cancer cell metabolism by SCT may increase glucose availability in the TME, thus promoting functionality of anti-tumor immune cells. Concomitantly, the decrease in the amount of lactic acid in the TME may reduce the functionality of immunosuppressive cells. Preclinical studies have shown that SCT can enhance the anti-tumor immune response through an enhancement of T cell infiltration and activation, and a repolarization of macrophages towards a TAM1-like phenotype. Therefore, this simple and cheap strategy may have a major impact to increase the efficacy of current immunotherapies in human solid tumors and we encourage testing it in clinical trials.
{"title":"Why and how citrate may sensitize malignant tumors to immunotherapy","authors":"Philippe Icard , Mathilde Prieto , Antoine Coquerel , Ludovic Fournel , Joseph Gligorov , Johanna Noel , Adrien Mouren , Anthony Dohan , Marco Alifano , Luca Simula","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has demonstrated limited efficacy in a variety of solid cancers. Several factors contribute to explaining primary or secondary resistance. Among them, cancer cells, whose metabolism frequently relies on aerobic glycolysis, promote exhaustion of cytotoxic immune cells by diverting the glucose in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to their own profit, while secreting lactic acid that sustains the oxidative metabolism of immunosuppressive cells. Here, we propose to combine current treatment based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with high doses of sodium citrate (SCT) because citrate inhibits cancer cell metabolism (by targeting both glycolysis and oxidative metabolism) and may active anti-tumor immune response. Indeed, as showed in preclinical studies, SCT reduces cancer cell growth, promoting cell death and chemotherapy effectiveness. Furthermore, since the plasma membrane citrate carrier pmCIC is mainly expressed in cancer cells and low or not expressed in immune and non-transformed cells, we argue that the inhibition of cancer cell metabolism by SCT may increase glucose availability in the TME, thus promoting functionality of anti-tumor immune cells. Concomitantly, the decrease in the amount of lactic acid in the TME may reduce the functionality of immunosuppressive cells. Preclinical studies have shown that SCT can enhance the anti-tumor immune response through an enhancement of T cell infiltration and activation, and a repolarization of macrophages towards a TAM1-like phenotype. Therefore, this simple and cheap strategy may have a major impact to increase the efficacy of current immunotherapies in human solid tumors and we encourage testing it in clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101177"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101175
Li Yang , Aitian Li , Weina Yu , Huishang Wang , Lei Zhang , Dan Wang , Ying Wang , Ru Zhang , Qingyang Lei , Zhangnan Liu , Shanshan Zhen , Haiming Qin , Yaqing Liu , Yang Yang , Xian-Lu Song , Yi Zhang
Aims
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is not effective in most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are key components of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and play a critical role in immunosuppression, which can be mediated by cell-intrinsic metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate whether macrophages regulate NSCLC progression through metabolic crosstalk with cancer cells and affect immunotherapy efficacy.
Methods
The macrophage landscape of NSCLC tissues were analyzed by single-cell sequencing and verified through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Multiplex assay, single-cell sequencing data, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and RNA-seq et al. were used to investigate and verify the mechanism of macrophage-mediated metabolic regulation on immunosuppression. The tumor-bearing model was established in C57BL/6 J mice to explore in vivo efficacy.
Results
We found that tumor tissue-derived macrophages exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype and had a prognostic value for NSCLC. NSCLC cell-secreted CXCL8 recruited macrophages from peritumor tissues to tumor sites and promoted programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by activating purine metabolism with increasing xanthine dehydrogenase and uric acid production. Moreover, purine metabolism-mediated macrophage immunosuppression was dependent on NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling. Blockade of purine metabolism signaling enhanced anti-tumor immunity and the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.
Conclusions
Collectively, our findings reveal a key role of purine metabolism in macrophage immunosuppression and suggest that blockade of purine metabolism combined with immune checkpoint blockade could provide synergistic effects in NSCLC treatment.
{"title":"Blockade of purine metabolism reverses macrophage immunosuppression and enhances anti-tumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Li Yang , Aitian Li , Weina Yu , Huishang Wang , Lei Zhang , Dan Wang , Ying Wang , Ru Zhang , Qingyang Lei , Zhangnan Liu , Shanshan Zhen , Haiming Qin , Yaqing Liu , Yang Yang , Xian-Lu Song , Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is not effective in most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are key components of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and play a critical role in immunosuppression, which can be mediated by cell-intrinsic metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate whether macrophages regulate NSCLC progression through metabolic crosstalk with cancer cells and affect immunotherapy efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The macrophage landscape of NSCLC tissues were analyzed by single-cell sequencing and verified through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Multiplex assay, single-cell sequencing data, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and RNA-seq et al. were used to investigate and verify the mechanism of macrophage-mediated metabolic regulation on immunosuppression. The tumor-bearing model was established in C57BL/6 J mice to explore in vivo efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that tumor tissue-derived macrophages exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype and had a prognostic value for NSCLC. NSCLC cell-secreted CXCL8 recruited macrophages from peritumor tissues to tumor sites and promoted programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by activating purine metabolism with increasing xanthine dehydrogenase and uric acid production. Moreover, purine metabolism-mediated macrophage immunosuppression was dependent on NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling. Blockade of purine metabolism signaling enhanced anti-tumor immunity and the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collectively, our findings reveal a key role of purine metabolism in macrophage immunosuppression and suggest that blockade of purine metabolism combined with immune checkpoint blockade could provide synergistic effects in NSCLC treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101175"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101173
Chenggui Miao , Yurong Huang , Cheng Zhang , Xiao Wang , Bing Wang , Xinyue Zhou , Yingqiu Song , Peng Wu , Zhe-Sheng Chen , Yibin Feng
Resistance to antitumor drugs, antimicrobial drugs, and antiviral drugs severely limits treatment effectiveness and cure rate of diseases. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) represented by glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and lactylation are closely related to drug resistance. PTMs are typically achieved by adding sugar chains (glycosylation), small proteins (ubiquitination), lipids (palmitoylation), or functional groups (lactylation) to amino acid residues. These covalent additions are usually the results of signaling cascades and could be reversible, with the triggering mechanisms depending on the type of modifications. PTMs are involved in antitumor drug resistance, not only as inducers of drug resistance but also as targets for reversing drug resistance. Bacteria exhibit multiple PTMs-mediated antimicrobial drug resistance. PTMs allow viral proteins and host cell proteins to form complex interaction networks, inducing complex antiviral drug resistance. This review summarizes the important roles of PTMs in drug resistance, providing new ideas for exploring drug resistance mechanisms, developing new drug targets, and guiding treatment plans.
{"title":"Post-translational modifications in drug resistance","authors":"Chenggui Miao , Yurong Huang , Cheng Zhang , Xiao Wang , Bing Wang , Xinyue Zhou , Yingqiu Song , Peng Wu , Zhe-Sheng Chen , Yibin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resistance to antitumor drugs, antimicrobial drugs, and antiviral drugs severely limits treatment effectiveness and cure rate of diseases. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) represented by glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and lactylation are closely related to drug resistance. PTMs are typically achieved by adding sugar chains (glycosylation), small proteins (ubiquitination), lipids (palmitoylation), or functional groups (lactylation) to amino acid residues. These covalent additions are usually the results of signaling cascades and could be reversible, with the triggering mechanisms depending on the type of modifications. PTMs are involved in antitumor drug resistance, not only as inducers of drug resistance but also as targets for reversing drug resistance. Bacteria exhibit multiple PTMs-mediated antimicrobial drug resistance. PTMs allow viral proteins and host cell proteins to form complex interaction networks, inducing complex antiviral drug resistance. This review summarizes the important roles of PTMs in drug resistance, providing new ideas for exploring drug resistance mechanisms, developing new drug targets, and guiding treatment plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101173"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101174
Yoshiyasu Takefuji
A tool was developed to identify potential disease outbreaks using pathogen and serotype data. By analyzing isolate numbers and comparing them to a two-year average, the tool highlights anomalies suggestive of outbreaks. When applied to Salmonella data, it revealed potential outbreaks related to specific serotypes.
{"title":"AI-driven visualization tool for analyzing data and predicting drug-resistant outbreaks","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A tool was developed to identify potential disease outbreaks using pathogen and serotype data. By analyzing isolate numbers and comparing them to a two-year average, the tool highlights anomalies suggestive of outbreaks. When applied to Salmonella data, it revealed potential outbreaks related to specific serotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101174"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101170
Xuegang Niu , Qi You , Kaijian Hou , Yu Tian , Penghui Wei , Yang Zhu , Bin Gao , Milad Ashrafizadeh , Amir Reza Aref , Alireza Kalbasi , Israel Cañadas , Gautam Sethi , Vinay Tergaonkar , Lingzhi Wang , Yuanxiang Lin , Dezhi Kang , Daniel J. Klionsky
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved evolutionary mechanism involving lysosomes for the degradation of cytoplasmic components including organelles. The constitutive, basal level of autophagy is fundamental for preserving cellular homeostasis; however, alterations in autophagy can cause disease pathogenesis, including cancer. The role of autophagy in cancer is particularly complicated, since this process acts both as a tumor suppressor in precancerous stages but facilitates tumor progression during carcinogenesis and later stages of cancer progression. This shift between anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors modulating key pathways such as those involving autophagy-related proteins, the PI3K-AKT-MTOR axis, and AMPK, which often show dysregulation in tumors. Autophagy regulates various cellular functions, including metabolism of glucose, glutamine, and lipids, cell proliferation, metastasis, and several types of cell death (apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and immunogenic cell death). These multifaceted roles demonstrate the potential of autophagy to affect DNA damage repair, cell death pathways, proliferation and survival, which are critical in determining cancer cells’ response to chemotherapy. Therefore, targeting autophagy pathways presents a promising strategy to combat chemoresistance, as one of the major reasons for the failure in cancer patient treatment. Furthermore, autophagy modulates immune evasion and the function of immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells, influencing the tumor microenvironment and cancer’s biological behavior. However, the therapeutic targeting of autophagy is complex due to its dual role in promoting survival and inducing cell death in cancer cells, highlighting the need for strategies that consider both the beneficial and detrimental effects of autophagy modulation in cancer therapy. Hence, both inducers and inhibitors of autophagy have been introduced for the treatment of cancer. This review emphasizes the intricate interplay between autophagy, tumor biology, and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches that deploy autophagy in the cancer suppression.
大自噬/自噬是一种高度保守的进化机制，涉及溶酶体对细胞质成分（包括细胞器）的降解。自噬的组成性基础水平是维持细胞稳态的基础；然而，自噬的改变可导致疾病的发病，包括癌症。自噬在癌症中的作用尤为复杂，因为这一过程在癌前病变阶段既是肿瘤抑制因子，又在癌变和癌症后期发展阶段促进肿瘤进展。这种抗肿瘤和促肿瘤作用之间的转变可能受遗传和环境因素调节关键通路的影响，如涉及自噬相关蛋白、PI3K-AKT-MTOR 轴和 AMPK 的通路。自噬调节各种细胞功能，包括葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺和脂质的新陈代谢、细胞增殖、转移和几种类型的细胞死亡（凋亡、铁凋亡、坏死和免疫性细胞死亡）。这些多方面的作用表明，自噬有可能影响 DNA 损伤修复、细胞死亡途径、增殖和存活，而这对于决定癌细胞对化疗的反应至关重要。因此，自噬通路是抗击化疗耐药性的一种前景广阔的策略，而化疗耐药性是癌症患者治疗失败的主要原因之一。此外，自噬还能调节免疫逃避和免疫细胞（如 T 细胞和树突状细胞）的功能，影响肿瘤微环境和癌症的生物学行为。然而，由于自噬在促进癌细胞存活和诱导细胞死亡方面具有双重作用，因此针对自噬的治疗非常复杂，这突出表明在癌症治疗中需要同时考虑自噬调节的有利和不利影响。因此，自噬的诱导剂和抑制剂都被引入到癌症治疗中。这篇综述强调了自噬、肿瘤生物学和免疫反应之间错综复杂的相互作用，深入探讨了利用自噬抑制癌症的潜在治疗方法。
{"title":"Autophagy in cancer development, immune evasion, and drug resistance","authors":"Xuegang Niu , Qi You , Kaijian Hou , Yu Tian , Penghui Wei , Yang Zhu , Bin Gao , Milad Ashrafizadeh , Amir Reza Aref , Alireza Kalbasi , Israel Cañadas , Gautam Sethi , Vinay Tergaonkar , Lingzhi Wang , Yuanxiang Lin , Dezhi Kang , Daniel J. Klionsky","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved evolutionary mechanism involving lysosomes for the degradation of cytoplasmic components including organelles. The constitutive, basal level of autophagy is fundamental for preserving cellular homeostasis; however, alterations in autophagy can cause disease pathogenesis, including cancer. The role of autophagy in cancer is particularly complicated, since this process acts both as a tumor suppressor in precancerous stages but facilitates tumor progression during carcinogenesis and later stages of cancer progression. This shift between anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors modulating key pathways such as those involving autophagy-related proteins, the PI3K-AKT-MTOR axis, and AMPK, which often show dysregulation in tumors. Autophagy regulates various cellular functions, including metabolism of glucose, glutamine, and lipids, cell proliferation, metastasis, and several types of cell death (apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and immunogenic cell death). These multifaceted roles demonstrate the potential of autophagy to affect DNA damage repair, cell death pathways, proliferation and survival, which are critical in determining cancer cells’ response to chemotherapy. Therefore, targeting autophagy pathways presents a promising strategy to combat chemoresistance, as one of the major reasons for the failure in cancer patient treatment. Furthermore, autophagy modulates immune evasion and the function of immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells, influencing the tumor microenvironment and cancer’s biological behavior. However, the therapeutic targeting of autophagy is complex due to its dual role in promoting survival and inducing cell death in cancer cells, highlighting the need for strategies that consider both the beneficial and detrimental effects of autophagy modulation in cancer therapy. Hence, both inducers and inhibitors of autophagy have been introduced for the treatment of cancer. This review emphasizes the intricate interplay between autophagy, tumor biology, and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches that deploy autophagy in the cancer suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101170"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used a calibrated mathematical model to evaluate age-specific tuberculosis (TB) vaccination strategies, for drug-resistant (DR)-TB management in China. Prioritizing elderly vaccination significantly reduced multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB incidence and mortality, while avoiding the need for second-line treatment, offering a promising approach to mitigate DR-TB burden by 2050.
{"title":"Modeling the epidemiologic impact of age-targeted vaccination for drug-resistant tuberculosis","authors":"Pei-Yao Zhai , Zhi-Xian Chen , Ting Jiang , Jian Feng , Bin Zhang , Xiao Zang , Yan-Lin Zhao , Gang Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drup.2024.101172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used a calibrated mathematical model to evaluate age-specific tuberculosis (TB) vaccination strategies, for drug-resistant (DR)-TB management in China. Prioritizing elderly vaccination significantly reduced multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB incidence and mortality, while avoiding the need for second-line treatment, offering a promising approach to mitigate DR-TB burden by 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51022,"journal":{"name":"Drug Resistance Updates","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101172"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101162
Feifeng Song , Xiaofen Yi , Xiaowei Zheng , Zhentao Zhang , Linqian Zhao , Yan Shen , Ye Zhi , Ting Liu , Xiaozhen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiaoping Hu , Yiwen Zhang , Huafeng Shou , Ping Huang
Aims
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a significant challenge in oncology due to high rates of drug resistance and disease relapse following standard treatment with surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite the widespread use of these treatments, no effective biomarkers currently exist to identify which patients will respond favorably to therapy. This study introduces a zebrafish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) system, capable of replicating both the carboplatin response and metastatic behavior observed in OC patients, within a rapid 3-day assay period.
Methods
Two OC cell lines: carboplatin-sensitive (A2780) and resistant (OVCAR8) were used to assess differential responses to treatment in murine and zebrafish xenograft models. Tumor tissues from 16 OC patients were implanted into zebrafish embryos to test carboplatin responses and predict metastasis. Additionally, eight clinical OC samples were directly implanted into zebrafish embryos as part of a proof-of-concept demonstration.
Results
The zebrafish xenografts accurately reflected the carboplatin sensitivity and resistance patterns seen in in vitro and murine models. The zebrafish PDX model demonstrated a 67 % success rate for implantation and a 100 % success rate for engraftment. Notably, the model effectively distinguished between metastatic and non-metastatic disease, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.818. Furthermore, the zebrafish PDX model showed a high concordance with patient-specific responses to carboplatin.
Conclusions
This zebrafish PDX model offers a fast, accurate, and clinically relevant platform for evaluating carboplatin response and predicting metastasis in OC patients. It holds significant potential for advancing personalized medicine, allowing for more precise therapeutic outcome predictions and individualized treatment strategies.
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