Our aim was to identify the sociodemographic and psychopathological profiles of individuals undergoing criminal psychiatric assessment.
Materials and methods
This observational, descriptive, retrospective, monocentric study of criminal psychiatric assessments was performed in the Forensic Medicine Department of the Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023.
Results
We included 235 criminal assessments, including 201 pre-sentence assessments. The offenders were mainly male (92.5%) with a median age of 37. According to the assessments, 63.7% of offenders suffered from psychiatric disorders, mostly psychotic. Half of the offenders had a criminal record and fewer than a third were repeat offenders (31.7%). The main offences were violence (20%), sexual offences against minors (12.8%) and robbery (10.4%). The assessments found that around two-thirds of the defendants suffered from psychiatric disorders, mainly psychotic disorders (45.3%), personality disorders (23.4%) and depressive disorders (8.6%). The expert noted impaired discernment in 44.4% of cases, and abolition in 13.6%. Finally, the expert warned of dangerousness in 69.6% of respondents, three-quarters of whom suffered from psychiatric disorders.
Conclusion
Our study enabled us to describe the typical profile offenders which could be used to implement prevention and targeted care.
{"title":"Sociodemographic and psychopathological profiles of criminal offenders following psychiatric assessment","authors":"Elise Finelle , Irène François-Purssell , Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier , Mélanie Loiseau","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>Our aim was to identify the sociodemographic and psychopathological profiles of individuals undergoing criminal psychiatric assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This observational, descriptive, retrospective, monocentric study of criminal psychiatric assessments was performed in the Forensic Medicine Department of the Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 235 criminal assessments, including 201 pre-sentence assessments. The offenders were mainly male (92.5%) with a median age of 37. According to the assessments, 63.7% of offenders suffered from psychiatric disorders, mostly psychotic. Half of the offenders had a criminal record and fewer than a third were repeat offenders (31.7%). The main offences were violence (20%), sexual offences against minors (12.8%) and robbery (10.4%). The assessments found that around two-thirds of the defendants suffered from psychiatric disorders, mainly psychotic disorders (45.3%), personality disorders (23.4%) and depressive disorders (8.6%). The expert noted impaired discernment in 44.4% of cases, and abolition in 13.6%. Finally, the expert warned of dangerousness in 69.6% of respondents, three-quarters of whom suffered from psychiatric disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study enabled us to describe the typical profile offenders which could be used to implement prevention and targeted care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.009
Anna Mendy , Anne-Laurence Le Faou , Lisa Ferrand , Frédéric Limosin , Guillaume Airagnes
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the role of smoking status on motivation to reduce alcohol consumption in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with alcohol use disorder (AUD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>A standardized questionnaire was administered to patients admitted to the ED of the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (Paris, France), whatever the cause of admission, as part of an AUD screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) program. The questionnaire collected demographic, cognitive impairment assessment variables including school curriculum difficulties and medical characteristics, smoking status, cannabis use and the Fast Alcohol Consumption Evaluation (FACE) for AUD risk assessment. Patients aged 18–90</span> <!-->years with a FACE score<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->4 for women and<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->5 for men were selected. An analogue scale from 0 to 10 was used to assess motivation, estimation of the right time, and self-confidence to reduce or stop alcohol consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3903 patients included between 2021 and 2023, 803 (21%) presented with TUA, with 72% excessive drinkers and 28% with a probable alcohol dependence. The study population was predominantly male (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->418, 52%). Current smokers accounted for 43% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->343), and only 8% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->27) wished to obtain the contact details of the national quitline Tabac-Info-Service, a percentage twice as high as that observed among smokers at low or no risk of AUD. The average age was 48.7<!--> <!-->years (SD: 21.6), and smokers had a lower average age than the average for all participants (41<!--> <!-->years, SD: 17.4). On the other hand, former smokers were older on average (58.3<!--> <!-->years, SD: 20.6). In all, 36% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->209) of patients with excessive alcohol consumption were smokers while 59% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->134) of those with probable alcohol dependence were smokers. In terms of school curriculum, 13% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->108) had experienced learning difficulties (50% of whom were smokers), 42% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->339) had repeated a year (44% of whom were smokers), and 18% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->146) had been suspended or excluded from school (53% of whom were smokers). In terms of neurological history, 35% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->278) had suffered from memory loss and 19% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->156) from fainting (42%, 53% of whom were smokers respectively). Less than 10% reported epilepsy episodes (8.7%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->70) or neurodevelopmental disorders (6.4%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51). Among them, 54% and 61% respectively were smokers. Past-month cannabis use concerned 14% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->112), 85% of whom declared they smoked. In the descriptive analyses, more smokers than non-smokers felt tha
{"title":"Role of smoking status on motivation to reduce or stop alcohol consumption in patients with an alcohol use disorder admitted to an emergency department","authors":"Anna Mendy , Anne-Laurence Le Faou , Lisa Ferrand , Frédéric Limosin , Guillaume Airagnes","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the role of smoking status on motivation to reduce alcohol consumption in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with alcohol use disorder (AUD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>A standardized questionnaire was administered to patients admitted to the ED of the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (Paris, France), whatever the cause of admission, as part of an AUD screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) program. The questionnaire collected demographic, cognitive impairment assessment variables including school curriculum difficulties and medical characteristics, smoking status, cannabis use and the Fast Alcohol Consumption Evaluation (FACE) for AUD risk assessment. Patients aged 18–90</span> <!-->years with a FACE score<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->4 for women and<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->5 for men were selected. An analogue scale from 0 to 10 was used to assess motivation, estimation of the right time, and self-confidence to reduce or stop alcohol consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3903 patients included between 2021 and 2023, 803 (21%) presented with TUA, with 72% excessive drinkers and 28% with a probable alcohol dependence. The study population was predominantly male (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->418, 52%). Current smokers accounted for 43% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->343), and only 8% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->27) wished to obtain the contact details of the national quitline Tabac-Info-Service, a percentage twice as high as that observed among smokers at low or no risk of AUD. The average age was 48.7<!--> <!-->years (SD: 21.6), and smokers had a lower average age than the average for all participants (41<!--> <!-->years, SD: 17.4). On the other hand, former smokers were older on average (58.3<!--> <!-->years, SD: 20.6). In all, 36% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->209) of patients with excessive alcohol consumption were smokers while 59% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->134) of those with probable alcohol dependence were smokers. In terms of school curriculum, 13% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->108) had experienced learning difficulties (50% of whom were smokers), 42% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->339) had repeated a year (44% of whom were smokers), and 18% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->146) had been suspended or excluded from school (53% of whom were smokers). In terms of neurological history, 35% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->278) had suffered from memory loss and 19% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->156) from fainting (42%, 53% of whom were smokers respectively). Less than 10% reported epilepsy episodes (8.7%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->70) or neurodevelopmental disorders (6.4%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51). Among them, 54% and 61% respectively were smokers. Past-month cannabis use concerned 14% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->112), 85% of whom declared they smoked. In the descriptive analyses, more smokers than non-smokers felt tha","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.002
Thiébaut-Noël Willig , Louise Brun , Anne Piollet , Marie Dajon , Marie-Claire Thiollier , Rémy Assathiany , Pierre Fourneret , Stéphane Oustric , Michel Amouyal , Magali Masse , Anne Monge , Diane Purper Ouakil
Introduction
In France, knowledge and awareness of childhood ADHD remain insufficient. To guide the development of training programs for medical residents, we assessed the understanding of ADHD among residents in family practice, pediatrics, and psychiatry across two major French regions in 2021.
Methods
A SurveyMonkey® survey was distributed to residents in two French regions, gathering information about their training experiences on child/adolescent ADHD, as well as their knowledge and perceptions of the disorder.
Results
Among the 251 residents who completed the survey (response rate: 28.5%), 53.4% reported receiving no training on ADHD during their residency. Substantial differences were observed across specialties: 75% of psychiatry residents reported receiving training, compared to only 38% of family practice residents. Even brief training sessions (e.g., one hour) significantly improved knowledge and perceptions of ADHD, with greater effectiveness observed as the duration of training increased.
Conclusions
Residency training on ADHD shows potential for improving access to care as post-training knowledge and perceptions align with those of trained practitioners actively managing ADHD in the same regions. Action plans are recommended to enhance training for family practice residents, with follow-up assessments planned using the same methodology.
{"title":"Representations and knowledge of residents about ADHD in children in two regions in France","authors":"Thiébaut-Noël Willig , Louise Brun , Anne Piollet , Marie Dajon , Marie-Claire Thiollier , Rémy Assathiany , Pierre Fourneret , Stéphane Oustric , Michel Amouyal , Magali Masse , Anne Monge , Diane Purper Ouakil","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In France, knowledge and awareness of childhood ADHD remain insufficient. To guide the development of training programs for medical residents, we assessed the understanding of ADHD among residents in family practice, pediatrics, and psychiatry across two major French regions in 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A SurveyMonkey® survey was distributed to residents in two French regions, gathering information about their training experiences on child/adolescent ADHD, as well as their knowledge and perceptions of the disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 251 residents who completed the survey (response rate: 28.5%), 53.4% reported receiving no training on ADHD during their residency. Substantial differences were observed across specialties: 75% of psychiatry residents reported receiving training, compared to only 38% of family practice residents. Even brief training sessions (e.g., one hour) significantly improved knowledge and perceptions of ADHD, with greater effectiveness observed as the duration of training increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Residency training on ADHD shows potential for improving access to care as post-training knowledge and perceptions align with those of trained practitioners actively managing ADHD in the same regions. Action plans are recommended to enhance training for family practice residents, with follow-up assessments planned using the same methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.003
Céline Straczek , Alba Lopez-Krahe , Ahava Cohen , Emilie Cohen , Eimma Calimouttoupoulle , Bénédicte Louvet , Muriel Paul , Baptiste Pignon , Murielle Pecal Dalle
Clozapine remains the gold-standard for resistant schizophrenia. However, it is associated with serious adverse events and a low patient adherence that could be enhanced by therapeutic education. Identifying patients’ needs is a prerequisite for building educational tools. The aims of the study were to build an adapted information tool after evaluating patients’ knowledge and expectations regarding their clozapine treatment, and to estimate patients’ satisfaction with this tool. Patients’ knowledge and expectations were evaluated by means of a short oral and semi-structured interview, based on an 11-item questionnaire developed by pharmacists and psychiatrists. Patients with schizophrenia or a schizo-affective disorder were included from four different care structures of the university psychiatry department. Finally, an education tool was built based on patients’ answers and tested among them. Between February 2020 and September 2021, 51 patients (17 women) around 36 years of age were interviewed. 45% were aware of a clozapine indication. Half of the patients did not know how to react in case of forgetting a dose. Although the rhythm of blood tests was understood by most patients (84%), only 29% estimated they had a general knowledge about them. Many patients (73%) could cite no more than two adverse effects. Regarding interactions, 69% had a partial knowledge and 31% none at all. Patients preferred to receive information in the form of a brochure. The subsequent brochure was tested on 15 patients who were satisfied with it. The survey revealed a general lack of knowledge among patients about their clozapine treatment. The tool built based on patients’ answers has been adapted and liked by patients.
{"title":"An education tool on clozapin: From needs assessment to patient satisfaction","authors":"Céline Straczek , Alba Lopez-Krahe , Ahava Cohen , Emilie Cohen , Eimma Calimouttoupoulle , Bénédicte Louvet , Muriel Paul , Baptiste Pignon , Murielle Pecal Dalle","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clozapine remains the gold-standard for resistant schizophrenia. However, it is associated with serious adverse events and a low patient adherence that could be enhanced by therapeutic education. Identifying patients’ needs is a prerequisite for building educational tools. The aims of the study were to build an adapted information tool after evaluating patients’ knowledge and expectations regarding their clozapine<span> treatment, and to estimate patients’ satisfaction with this tool. Patients’ knowledge and expectations were evaluated by means of a short oral and semi-structured interview, based on an 11-item questionnaire developed by pharmacists and psychiatrists. Patients with schizophrenia or a schizo-affective disorder were included from four different care structures of the university psychiatry department. Finally, an education tool was built based on patients’ answers and tested among them. Between February 2020 and September 2021, 51 patients (17 women) around 36 years of age were interviewed. 45% were aware of a clozapine indication. Half of the patients did not know how to react in case of forgetting a dose. Although the rhythm of blood tests was understood by most patients (84%), only 29% estimated they had a general knowledge about them. Many patients (73%) could cite no more than two adverse effects. Regarding interactions, 69% had a partial knowledge and 31% none at all. Patients preferred to receive information in the form of a brochure. The subsequent brochure was tested on 15 patients who were satisfied with it. The survey revealed a general lack of knowledge among patients about their clozapine treatment. The tool built based on patients’ answers has been adapted and liked by patients.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.012
Martin Blay , Arjin Uludag-Martin , Saioa Lagadec , Marion Zenou , Inès Benmakhlouf
Objective
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common disorder associated with poor mental health and socio-professional outcomes. Even though it is known to be a treatable condition, almost half of the patients are still not responding to current psychotherapeutic treatment programs. Peer-support interventions are thought to be an interesting way to improve these treatments, but data regarding the feasibility of such interventions are scarce.
Methods
The present naturalistic study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating a peer-support worker (PSW) with a lived experience of BPD as a co-leader in an evidence-based psychoeducation group based on Good Psychiatric Management for patients with BPD, with a pre-post design.
Results
Overall, 46 patients were included in the analysis, among whom 34 completed the post-group analysis. Almost all the patients found the presence of the PSW relevant and useful, completion rates were high, and security outcomes were satisfactory.
Conclusion
Despite numerous limitations, including the naturalistic design, the absence of a control group, and the high level of training of our PSW (that limits the generalizability of our findings to less trained PSW), we believe that our study adds to the current scarce literature on the usefulness of integrating PSW with a lived experience of BPD in evidence-based treatment programs for patients with BPD.
{"title":"Peer-support and group psychoeducation for patients with borderline personality disorder: A feasibility study","authors":"Martin Blay , Arjin Uludag-Martin , Saioa Lagadec , Marion Zenou , Inès Benmakhlouf","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common disorder associated with poor mental health and socio-professional outcomes. Even though it is known to be a treatable condition, almost half of the patients are still not responding to current psychotherapeutic treatment programs. Peer-support interventions are thought to be an interesting way to improve these treatments, but data regarding the feasibility of such interventions are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present naturalistic study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating a peer-support worker (PSW) with a lived experience of BPD as a co-leader in an evidence-based psychoeducation group based on Good Psychiatric Management for patients with BPD, with a pre-post design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 46 patients were included in the analysis, among whom 34 completed the post-group analysis. Almost all the patients found the presence of the PSW relevant and useful, completion rates were high, and security outcomes were satisfactory.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite numerous limitations, including the naturalistic design, the absence of a control group, and the high level of training of our PSW (that limits the generalizability of our findings to less trained PSW), we believe that our study adds to the current scarce literature on the usefulness of integrating PSW with a lived experience of BPD in evidence-based treatment programs for patients with BPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study addressed the growing recognition of mental health disorders during the perinatal period, in particular obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD symptoms can affect between 3% and 10% of women during the perinatal period, a higher prevalence than in the general population. The Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (POCS), developed in Canada, is to our knowledge the only validated tool for screening OCD in the perinatal context. This study aimed to validate the French version of the POCS in order to improve early detection of OCD symptoms among French-speaking mothers and fathers.
Methods
The study included 227 pregnant women in their third trimester and 113 in the early postpartum period. The POCS was translated into French using the forward and backward translation method, in collaboration with bilingual experts from France and Quebec. Other measures included validated tools: the Obsessional Compulsive Inventory–Revised (OCI-R) for general OCD and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depressive symptoms. Data were collected in person and online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha), and ROC curve analysis to assess the validity and discriminative capacity of the scale.
Results
The French version of the POCS showed strong internal consistency and psychometric properties similar to the English version. The POCS had good convergent validity, correlating with the OCI-R and showing a distinct link to depression symptoms via the EPDS. Exploratory analysis demonstrated that a high proportion of that perinatal sample reported OCD symptoms.
Conclusions
The French version of the POCS is reliable and valid for screening OCD symptoms in women during the perinatal period. The study highlights the need for screening tools specific to this population The POCS is a valuable clinical tool for early identification and intervention regarding perinatal OCD symptoms. Its systematic use in maternal health services could enhance mental health support for mothers during pregnancy and postpartum.
{"title":"French validation of the POCS scale: A tool for screening intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions during pregnancy and postpartum","authors":"Catherine Lord , Marie-Luce Faure , Wissam El-Hage , Laurence Joly , Benoît Bayle","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study addressed the growing recognition of mental health disorders during the perinatal period, in particular obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD symptoms can affect between 3% and 10% of women during the perinatal period, a higher prevalence than in the general population. The Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (POCS), developed in Canada, is to our knowledge the only validated tool for screening OCD in the perinatal context. This study aimed to validate the French version of the POCS in order to improve early detection of OCD symptoms among French-speaking mothers and fathers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 227 pregnant women in their third trimester and 113 in the early postpartum period. The POCS was translated into French using the forward and backward translation method, in collaboration with bilingual experts from France and Quebec. Other measures included validated tools: the Obsessional Compulsive Inventory–Revised (OCI-R) for general OCD and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depressive symptoms. Data were collected in person and online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha), and ROC curve analysis to assess the validity and discriminative capacity of the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The French version of the POCS showed strong internal consistency and psychometric properties similar to the English version. The POCS had good convergent validity, correlating with the OCI-R and showing a distinct link to depression symptoms via the EPDS. Exploratory analysis demonstrated that a high proportion of that perinatal sample reported OCD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The French version of the POCS is reliable and valid for screening OCD symptoms in women during the perinatal period. The study highlights the need for screening tools specific to this population The POCS is a valuable clinical tool for early identification and intervention regarding perinatal OCD symptoms. Its systematic use in maternal health services could enhance mental health support for mothers during pregnancy and postpartum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.009
Mathilde Horn
Mental disorders are on the increase, while access to care is becoming increasingly difficult for those affected. This article presents the “Projet de Liaison Universitaire de TerritOire du Nord” (PLUTON), an initiative to improve access to psychiatric care in an area of the Hauts-de-France region and to combat medical desertification. Initially conceived as a response to a health crisis, PLUTON has gradually evolved to rethink the organisation of psychiatric care in a given area. The aim was to preserve the structure of sector-based care while adding a university dimension to clinical, research and teaching activities. The success of this project is the result of an innovative, collaborative approach based on the pooling of existing resources. This tried and tested methodology means that the project can be easily and effectively replicated in other areas.
{"title":"L’universitarisation des territoires en psychiatrie – faciliter l’accès aux soins, lutter contre la désertification médicale","authors":"Mathilde Horn","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental disorders are on the increase, while access to care is becoming increasingly difficult for those affected. This article presents the “Projet de Liaison Universitaire de TerritOire du Nord” (PLUTON), an initiative to improve access to psychiatric care in an area of the Hauts-de-France region and to combat medical desertification. Initially conceived as a response to a health crisis, PLUTON has gradually evolved to rethink the organisation of psychiatric care in a given area. The aim was to preserve the structure of sector-based care while adding a university dimension to clinical, research and teaching activities. The success of this project is the result of an innovative, collaborative approach based on the pooling of existing resources. This tried and tested methodology means that the project can be easily and effectively replicated in other areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.007
Adeline Banos, Xavier Paul Bouteiller, Maxime Beneyto, Josselin Duchateau, Claire Rousseau, Romain Tixier, Clementine André, Frédéric Sacher
Aim: Sudden cardiac death occurs mainly outside of the hospital, placing witnesses in a pivotal role to intervene and enhance the survival. We aim to investigate its potential psychological repercussions on both the patient and the witness.
Outcomes: Incidence of acute stress disorder and/or post-traumatic stress disorder among patients and their relatives at 3 and 6 months following sudden cardiac death.
Methods: All patients admitted for resuscitated sudden cardiac death at our institution between 2019 to 2021 were screened. Within 15 days following resuscitated sudden cardiac death, both the patients and one of their relatives underwent face-to-face interviews with dedicated questionnaires. At 3-6 months post-event, participants were contacted by phone to complete the questionnaires.
Results: Twenty-two patients (6 females, 51±11yo) and 23 relatives (13 females, 49±15yo) were included. The reason for sudden cardiac death was ischemic (n=9/22) or dilated cardiomyopathies (n=5/22), idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (n=4/22) or others (4/22). Relatives exhibited a higher magnitude of acute stress compared to patients (26±25 vs 48±20, P<0.001). Five persons were lost to follow-up (2 patients and 3 relatives). Nevertheless, 4/20 (20%) patients and 3/20 (15%) relatives were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Conclusions: Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients/relatives is frequent after resuscitated sudden cardiac death (20 to 15%). It is crucial to maintain close vigilance since patients remain susceptible to the future onset of post-traumatic stress disorder, even when they manifest milder symptoms of acute stress. Offering early interventions for relatives may serve as a preventive measure.
{"title":"Psychological sequalae of patients experiencing aborted sudden cardiac death and their relatives.","authors":"Adeline Banos, Xavier Paul Bouteiller, Maxime Beneyto, Josselin Duchateau, Claire Rousseau, Romain Tixier, Clementine André, Frédéric Sacher","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Sudden cardiac death occurs mainly outside of the hospital, placing witnesses in a pivotal role to intervene and enhance the survival. We aim to investigate its potential psychological repercussions on both the patient and the witness.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Incidence of acute stress disorder and/or post-traumatic stress disorder among patients and their relatives at 3 and 6 months following sudden cardiac death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients admitted for resuscitated sudden cardiac death at our institution between 2019 to 2021 were screened. Within 15 days following resuscitated sudden cardiac death, both the patients and one of their relatives underwent face-to-face interviews with dedicated questionnaires. At 3-6 months post-event, participants were contacted by phone to complete the questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients (6 females, 51±11yo) and 23 relatives (13 females, 49±15yo) were included. The reason for sudden cardiac death was ischemic (n=9/22) or dilated cardiomyopathies (n=5/22), idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (n=4/22) or others (4/22). Relatives exhibited a higher magnitude of acute stress compared to patients (26±25 vs 48±20, P<0.001). Five persons were lost to follow-up (2 patients and 3 relatives). Nevertheless, 4/20 (20%) patients and 3/20 (15%) relatives were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients/relatives is frequent after resuscitated sudden cardiac death (20 to 15%). It is crucial to maintain close vigilance since patients remain susceptible to the future onset of post-traumatic stress disorder, even when they manifest milder symptoms of acute stress. Offering early interventions for relatives may serve as a preventive measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.008
Mathieu Gaudin, Julie Garrivet, François Kazour, Bénédicte Gohier
Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects 1 to 3% of the general population and up to 20% of psychiatric inpatients. It is characterized by emotional dysregulation, impaired interpersonal relationships, and impulsive behaviors. This systematic review aims to identify psychopathological mechanisms, comorbidities, and gender differences associated with violence in BPD.
Methods: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies published in English or French with no time restriction. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Ovid using the search equation: ((violence [MeSH Terms]) or (aggression [MeSH Terms])) and (borderline personality disorder [MeSH Terms]) and (psychiatry). Of 502 initial publications, 28 were included in the final analysis.
Results: Aggressiveness in BPD was found to be associated with emotional dysregulation and impulsivity, influencing violent behaviors (β=0.25 to 0.52). Comorbidities such as bipolar disorder, substance use, or co-occurring personality disorders exacerbated aggression (OR=2.1 to 3.2). Suicidal and self-harming behaviors affected 78% of adolescents and 73% of adults with BPD. Women accounted for 75% of BPD diagnoses and presented more self-directed aggression (suicide, self-harm), whereas men more frequently exhibited outwardly directed aggression. Finally, childhood trauma and dysfunctional family environments were seen as major predictors of aggressive and suicidal behaviors in adulthood (OR=3.9 to 5.8).
Conclusion: Findings highlighted the central role of emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and early trauma in BPD-related aggression. Clinical implications include the need for targeted therapies (e.g., DBT, MBT), early screening for trauma, and gender-sensitive approaches. This review underscores the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors in BPD-associated violence and calls for personalized interventions and the integration of longitudinal research designs.
{"title":"Violence and aggressiveness in borderline disorder: A systematic review.","authors":"Mathieu Gaudin, Julie Garrivet, François Kazour, Bénédicte Gohier","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects 1 to 3% of the general population and up to 20% of psychiatric inpatients. It is characterized by emotional dysregulation, impaired interpersonal relationships, and impulsive behaviors. This systematic review aims to identify psychopathological mechanisms, comorbidities, and gender differences associated with violence in BPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies published in English or French with no time restriction. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Ovid using the search equation: ((violence [MeSH Terms]) or (aggression [MeSH Terms])) and (borderline personality disorder [MeSH Terms]) and (psychiatry). Of 502 initial publications, 28 were included in the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aggressiveness in BPD was found to be associated with emotional dysregulation and impulsivity, influencing violent behaviors (β=0.25 to 0.52). Comorbidities such as bipolar disorder, substance use, or co-occurring personality disorders exacerbated aggression (OR=2.1 to 3.2). Suicidal and self-harming behaviors affected 78% of adolescents and 73% of adults with BPD. Women accounted for 75% of BPD diagnoses and presented more self-directed aggression (suicide, self-harm), whereas men more frequently exhibited outwardly directed aggression. Finally, childhood trauma and dysfunctional family environments were seen as major predictors of aggressive and suicidal behaviors in adulthood (OR=3.9 to 5.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlighted the central role of emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and early trauma in BPD-related aggression. Clinical implications include the need for targeted therapies (e.g., DBT, MBT), early screening for trauma, and gender-sensitive approaches. This review underscores the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors in BPD-associated violence and calls for personalized interventions and the integration of longitudinal research designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.002
Marion Bouchez, Yanni Andreou, Juliette Martin, Vanessa Vachet, Nicolas Franck, Francky Teddy Endomba, Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychoeducation for relatives (PER) following a first-episode psychosis (FEP), as well as the impact of this PER on the mental health of these relatives.
Methods: We conducted an observational study of patients who experienced a FEP and underwent psychoeducation (PE) about it (FEP - PE). We divided the sample into two groups according to the achievement of PER. The assessment of post-FEP outcome was based on subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or major depressive episode, as well as subsequent hospitalization in a mental health unit. Mental health of relatives was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y1 and 2), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS).
Results: We enrolled 51 patients, 28 of whom had at least one relative who had benefited from PER. We found no significant association between PER and outcome after FEP. We found a positive and significant effect of PER on relatives' anxiety. The effect on depressive symptoms and well-being was positive but not significant.
Conclusions: This study found promising results regarding the psychological impact of PE for relatives of patients with an FEP but no significant impact on the evolution of the FEP. This work suggests the extension of PE to improve the mental health of relatives and further studies regarding the effect on the evolution of FEP.
{"title":"Effects of a psychoeducation program for relatives of patients with first-episode psychosis who have received psychoeducation: An observational study.","authors":"Marion Bouchez, Yanni Andreou, Juliette Martin, Vanessa Vachet, Nicolas Franck, Francky Teddy Endomba, Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychoeducation for relatives (PER) following a first-episode psychosis (FEP), as well as the impact of this PER on the mental health of these relatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational study of patients who experienced a FEP and underwent psychoeducation (PE) about it (FEP - PE). We divided the sample into two groups according to the achievement of PER. The assessment of post-FEP outcome was based on subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or major depressive episode, as well as subsequent hospitalization in a mental health unit. Mental health of relatives was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y1 and 2), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 51 patients, 28 of whom had at least one relative who had benefited from PER. We found no significant association between PER and outcome after FEP. We found a positive and significant effect of PER on relatives' anxiety. The effect on depressive symptoms and well-being was positive but not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found promising results regarding the psychological impact of PE for relatives of patients with an FEP but no significant impact on the evolution of the FEP. This work suggests the extension of PE to improve the mental health of relatives and further studies regarding the effect on the evolution of FEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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