Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.008
Yara Bachir , Raymond Kassab , Caroline Hallal , Colin Charbel Cordahi , Charline El Hachem , Rami Bou Khalil
Objective
This case report explores the efficacy of intravenous Ketamine in treating active suicidal ideation in a 24-year-old female with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and functional neurological disorder (FND).
Case description
The patient, with a history of multiple suicide attempts and treatment-resistant MDD, demonstrated significant improvement following nine intravenous ketamine sessions. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score decreased from 45 to 11, accompanied by sustained reductions in impulsivity, irritability, and depressive symptoms.
Discussion
This report highlights ketamine's rapid action on glutamate pathways and its potential benefits in complex psychiatric profiles where traditional treatments like electroconvulsive therapy often fail. A proposed staging model for suicidal behavior management underscores the importance of early intervention with non-classical treatments in high-risk cases.
Conclusion
Intravenous ketamine offers a promising therapeutic option for patients with severe suicidality and comorbidities, warranting further research on its long-term efficacy and safety.
{"title":"Intravenous ketamine for suicide ideation in borderline personality and depression","authors":"Yara Bachir , Raymond Kassab , Caroline Hallal , Colin Charbel Cordahi , Charline El Hachem , Rami Bou Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This case report explores the efficacy of intravenous Ketamine in treating active suicidal ideation in a 24-year-old female with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and functional neurological disorder (FND).</div></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><div>The patient, with a history of multiple suicide attempts and treatment-resistant MDD, demonstrated significant improvement following nine intravenous ketamine sessions. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score decreased from 45 to 11, accompanied by sustained reductions in impulsivity, irritability, and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This report highlights ketamine's rapid action on glutamate pathways and its potential benefits in complex psychiatric profiles where traditional treatments like electroconvulsive therapy often fail. A proposed staging model for suicidal behavior management underscores the importance of early intervention with non-classical treatments in high-risk cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Intravenous ketamine offers a promising therapeutic option for patients with severe suicidality and comorbidities, warranting further research on its long-term efficacy and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 104-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.001
Hugo Bottemanne , Antoine Wicker , Edouard Baudouin , Julia Korngold , Severine Martin , Nourredine Haddadi , Walid Choucha , Romain Colle , Emmanuelle Corruble
Cerebrovascular abnormalities may predispose, precipitate, or perpetuate depressive symptoms in old adults, supported by the hypothesis of vascular depression. These depressive episodes are sometimes accompanied by atypical neurological symptoms associated with localized vascular lesions in the brain. We present the case of an 84-year-old man with vascular depression who experienced visual hallucinations and dizziness, coinciding with the incidental discovery of a cerebellar stroke. Based on this clinical case, we discuss the hypothesis of perceptual and affective cerebellar functions.
{"title":"Atypical visual hallucinations in vascular depression following cerebellar stroke","authors":"Hugo Bottemanne , Antoine Wicker , Edouard Baudouin , Julia Korngold , Severine Martin , Nourredine Haddadi , Walid Choucha , Romain Colle , Emmanuelle Corruble","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerebrovascular abnormalities may predispose, precipitate, or perpetuate depressive symptoms in old adults, supported by the hypothesis of vascular depression. These depressive episodes are sometimes accompanied by atypical neurological symptoms associated with localized vascular lesions in the brain. We present the case of an 84-year-old man with vascular depression who experienced visual hallucinations and dizziness, coinciding with the incidental discovery of a cerebellar stroke. Based on this clinical case, we discuss the hypothesis of perceptual and affective cerebellar functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 108-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for alternatives to restraint and seclusion in psychiatry is widely recognized. To this end, a collaborative research project between patients, caregivers and designers resulted in the production of two containing prototypes (a covering armchair and a sensory totem). The aim of the research project was to understand whether these prototypes offered a calming alternative and could limit the need for restraint.
Method
Semi-structured interviews were carried out as well as participant observations, and feedback forms were given to participants. Qualitative data analysis was integral and inductive, initially thematic and then oriented according to the “type of ward” variable.
Results
The prototypes had beneficial effects on calming and empowering patients; they supported the patient-staff relationship and contributed to team reflexivity. Rather than pathologies, the prototypes responded to appeasement needs and situations of agitation or anxiety. For closed wards, the prototypes were therapeutic and supported patient autonomy in crisis situations. For open wards, they were integrated into the activities offered but needed to be accompanied by caregivers to ensure patient safety.
Discussion
The results prompted discussion on three points: 1) research methods in psychiatry and the need to integrate users in research design; 2) conceptions of autonomy in psychiatric care; 3) the place of sensory rooms and soothing techniques in reducing the use of restraint and seclusion.
{"title":"Experience and qualitative evaluation of two soothing prototypes in psychiatry","authors":"Noémie Chataigner , Cynthia Fleury , Valérie Gateau","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The need for alternatives to restraint and seclusion in psychiatry is widely recognized. To this end, a collaborative research project between patients, caregivers and designers resulted in the production of two containing prototypes (a covering armchair and a sensory totem). The aim of the research project was to understand whether these prototypes offered a calming alternative and could limit the need for restraint.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were carried out as well as participant observations, and feedback forms were given to participants. Qualitative data analysis was integral and inductive, initially thematic and then oriented according to the “type of ward” variable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prototypes had beneficial effects on calming and empowering patients; they supported the patient-staff relationship and contributed to team reflexivity. Rather than pathologies, the prototypes responded to appeasement needs and situations of agitation or anxiety. For closed wards, the prototypes were therapeutic and supported patient autonomy in crisis situations. For open wards, they were integrated into the activities offered but needed to be accompanied by caregivers to ensure patient safety.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The results prompted discussion on three points: 1) research methods in psychiatry and the need to integrate users in research design; 2) conceptions of autonomy in psychiatric care; 3) the place of sensory rooms and soothing techniques in reducing the use of restraint and seclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.004
Husen Ali-Diabacte , Assia Mazari , Eirini Rari , Catherine Martelli , Amine Benyamina , Bruno Romeo
Objective
Seclusion is a measure used as a last resort in psychiatry to manage high-risk situations of hetero- or self-agression. However, few studies have investigated factors that could be associated with seclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients who were prescribed seclusion.
Patients and methods
An observational, retrospective study was carried out between January 2019 and December 2020, including patients with psychosis who had been hospitalized. Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, as well as psychopathological scores were compared between patients who required seclusion and those who did not. A binomial logistic regression including gender, age, symptom severity, knowledge of the French language and judicial history was performed.
Results
We included 127 patients (41 of whom were prescribed seclusion). Patients requiring seclusion had more severe symptoms, as indicated by the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (98.8 ± 21.95 vs 85.9 ± 25.64; P = 0.02), the positive symptoms subscale (28.4 ± 8.89 vs 24 ± 7.63; P = 0.02), and the general psychopathology symptoms subscale (48.3 ± 12.03 vs 41.9 ± 12.21; P = 0.02). These patients had poor knowledge of French (21% vs 4.7%; P < 0.01) and a statistical trend was found in relation to judicial history (24% vs 11%; P = 0.07). The differences in symptomatology (P = 0.03) and language knowledge (P = 0.04) were maintained in the multivariate analysis.
Discussion and conclusion
Our study found that the implementation of a seclusion was associated with the severity of symptoms and with a lack of knowledge of the French language. Particular attention should therefore be paid to these specific patients in order to use de-escalation techniques and provide comprehensible explanations to patients who do not speak French.
目的：隔离是精神病学中用于管理异性或自我攻击高危情况的最后手段。然而，很少有研究调查可能与隔离相关的因素。本研究的目的是评估处方隔离患者的临床和社会人口学特征。患者和方法：在2019年1月至2020年12月期间进行了一项观察性回顾性研究，包括住院的精神病患者。比较了需要隔离和不需要隔离的患者的临床和社会人口学特征以及精神病理学评分。二项逻辑回归包括性别、年龄、症状严重程度、法语知识和司法历史。结果：我们纳入了127例患者（其中41例接受了隔离治疗）。阳性和阴性综合征量表总分显示，需要隔离的患者症状更严重(98.8±21.95 vs 85.9±25.64；P=0.02)，阳性症状量表(28.4±8.89 vs 24±7.63；P=0.02)，一般精神病理症状量表(48.3±12.03 vs 41.9±12.21；P = 0.02)。这些患者法语知识贫乏(21% vs 4.7%；讨论和结论：我们的研究发现，隔离的实施与症状的严重程度和缺乏法语知识有关。因此，应特别注意这些特定的患者，以便使用降级技术并向不会说法语的患者提供可理解的解释。
{"title":"What factors are associated with seclusion in patients with psychosis?","authors":"Husen Ali-Diabacte , Assia Mazari , Eirini Rari , Catherine Martelli , Amine Benyamina , Bruno Romeo","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Seclusion is a measure used as a last resort in psychiatry to manage high-risk situations of hetero- or self-agression. However, few studies have investigated factors that could be associated with seclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients who were prescribed seclusion.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>An observational, retrospective study was carried out between January 2019 and December 2020, including patients with psychosis who had been hospitalized. Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, as well as psychopathological scores were compared between patients who required seclusion and those who did not. A binomial logistic regression including gender, age, symptom severity, knowledge of the French language and judicial history was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 127 patients (41 of whom were prescribed seclusion). Patients requiring seclusion had more severe symptoms, as indicated by the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (98.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->21.95 vs 85.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->25.64; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.02), the positive symptoms subscale (28.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8.89 vs 24<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->7.63; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.02), and the general psychopathology symptoms subscale (48.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12.03 vs 41.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12.21; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.02). These patients had poor knowledge of French (21% vs 4.7%; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) and a statistical trend was found in relation to judicial history (24% vs 11%; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.07). The differences in symptomatology (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.03) and language knowledge (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.04) were maintained in the multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><div>Our study found that the implementation of a seclusion was associated with the severity of symptoms and with a lack of knowledge of the French language. Particular attention should therefore be paid to these specific patients in order to use de-escalation techniques and provide comprehensible explanations to patients who do not speak French.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our aim was to identify the sociodemographic and psychopathological profiles of individuals undergoing criminal psychiatric assessment.
Materials and methods
This observational, descriptive, retrospective, monocentric study of criminal psychiatric assessments was performed in the Forensic Medicine Department of the Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023.
Results
We included 235 criminal assessments, including 201 pre-sentence assessments. The offenders were mainly male (92.5%) with a median age of 37. According to the assessments, 63.7% of offenders suffered from psychiatric disorders, mostly psychotic. Half of the offenders had a criminal record and fewer than a third were repeat offenders (31.7%). The main offences were violence (20%), sexual offences against minors (12.8%) and robbery (10.4%). The assessments found that around two-thirds of the defendants suffered from psychiatric disorders, mainly psychotic disorders (45.3%), personality disorders (23.4%) and depressive disorders (8.6%). The expert noted impaired discernment in 44.4% of cases, and abolition in 13.6%. Finally, the expert warned of dangerousness in 69.6% of respondents, three-quarters of whom suffered from psychiatric disorders.
Conclusion
Our study enabled us to describe the typical profile offenders which could be used to implement prevention and targeted care.
{"title":"Sociodemographic and psychopathological profiles of criminal offenders following psychiatric assessment","authors":"Elise Finelle , Irène François-Purssell , Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier , Mélanie Loiseau","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>Our aim was to identify the sociodemographic and psychopathological profiles of individuals undergoing criminal psychiatric assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This observational, descriptive, retrospective, monocentric study of criminal psychiatric assessments was performed in the Forensic Medicine Department of the Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 235 criminal assessments, including 201 pre-sentence assessments. The offenders were mainly male (92.5%) with a median age of 37. According to the assessments, 63.7% of offenders suffered from psychiatric disorders, mostly psychotic. Half of the offenders had a criminal record and fewer than a third were repeat offenders (31.7%). The main offences were violence (20%), sexual offences against minors (12.8%) and robbery (10.4%). The assessments found that around two-thirds of the defendants suffered from psychiatric disorders, mainly psychotic disorders (45.3%), personality disorders (23.4%) and depressive disorders (8.6%). The expert noted impaired discernment in 44.4% of cases, and abolition in 13.6%. Finally, the expert warned of dangerousness in 69.6% of respondents, three-quarters of whom suffered from psychiatric disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study enabled us to describe the typical profile offenders which could be used to implement prevention and targeted care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.009
Anna Mendy , Anne-Laurence Le Faou , Lisa Ferrand , Frédéric Limosin , Guillaume Airagnes
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the role of smoking status on motivation to reduce alcohol consumption in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with alcohol use disorder (AUD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>A standardized questionnaire was administered to patients admitted to the ED of the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (Paris, France), whatever the cause of admission, as part of an AUD screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) program. The questionnaire collected demographic, cognitive impairment assessment variables including school curriculum difficulties and medical characteristics, smoking status, cannabis use and the Fast Alcohol Consumption Evaluation (FACE) for AUD risk assessment. Patients aged 18–90</span> <!-->years with a FACE score<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->4 for women and<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->5 for men were selected. An analogue scale from 0 to 10 was used to assess motivation, estimation of the right time, and self-confidence to reduce or stop alcohol consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3903 patients included between 2021 and 2023, 803 (21%) presented with TUA, with 72% excessive drinkers and 28% with a probable alcohol dependence. The study population was predominantly male (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->418, 52%). Current smokers accounted for 43% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->343), and only 8% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->27) wished to obtain the contact details of the national quitline Tabac-Info-Service, a percentage twice as high as that observed among smokers at low or no risk of AUD. The average age was 48.7<!--> <!-->years (SD: 21.6), and smokers had a lower average age than the average for all participants (41<!--> <!-->years, SD: 17.4). On the other hand, former smokers were older on average (58.3<!--> <!-->years, SD: 20.6). In all, 36% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->209) of patients with excessive alcohol consumption were smokers while 59% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->134) of those with probable alcohol dependence were smokers. In terms of school curriculum, 13% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->108) had experienced learning difficulties (50% of whom were smokers), 42% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->339) had repeated a year (44% of whom were smokers), and 18% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->146) had been suspended or excluded from school (53% of whom were smokers). In terms of neurological history, 35% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->278) had suffered from memory loss and 19% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->156) from fainting (42%, 53% of whom were smokers respectively). Less than 10% reported epilepsy episodes (8.7%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->70) or neurodevelopmental disorders (6.4%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51). Among them, 54% and 61% respectively were smokers. Past-month cannabis use concerned 14% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->112), 85% of whom declared they smoked. In the descriptive analyses, more smokers than non-smokers felt tha
{"title":"Role of smoking status on motivation to reduce or stop alcohol consumption in patients with an alcohol use disorder admitted to an emergency department","authors":"Anna Mendy , Anne-Laurence Le Faou , Lisa Ferrand , Frédéric Limosin , Guillaume Airagnes","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the role of smoking status on motivation to reduce alcohol consumption in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with alcohol use disorder (AUD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>A standardized questionnaire was administered to patients admitted to the ED of the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (Paris, France), whatever the cause of admission, as part of an AUD screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) program. The questionnaire collected demographic, cognitive impairment assessment variables including school curriculum difficulties and medical characteristics, smoking status, cannabis use and the Fast Alcohol Consumption Evaluation (FACE) for AUD risk assessment. Patients aged 18–90</span> <!-->years with a FACE score<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->4 for women and<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->5 for men were selected. An analogue scale from 0 to 10 was used to assess motivation, estimation of the right time, and self-confidence to reduce or stop alcohol consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3903 patients included between 2021 and 2023, 803 (21%) presented with TUA, with 72% excessive drinkers and 28% with a probable alcohol dependence. The study population was predominantly male (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->418, 52%). Current smokers accounted for 43% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->343), and only 8% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->27) wished to obtain the contact details of the national quitline Tabac-Info-Service, a percentage twice as high as that observed among smokers at low or no risk of AUD. The average age was 48.7<!--> <!-->years (SD: 21.6), and smokers had a lower average age than the average for all participants (41<!--> <!-->years, SD: 17.4). On the other hand, former smokers were older on average (58.3<!--> <!-->years, SD: 20.6). In all, 36% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->209) of patients with excessive alcohol consumption were smokers while 59% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->134) of those with probable alcohol dependence were smokers. In terms of school curriculum, 13% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->108) had experienced learning difficulties (50% of whom were smokers), 42% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->339) had repeated a year (44% of whom were smokers), and 18% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->146) had been suspended or excluded from school (53% of whom were smokers). In terms of neurological history, 35% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->278) had suffered from memory loss and 19% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->156) from fainting (42%, 53% of whom were smokers respectively). Less than 10% reported epilepsy episodes (8.7%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->70) or neurodevelopmental disorders (6.4%: <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51). Among them, 54% and 61% respectively were smokers. Past-month cannabis use concerned 14% of patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->112), 85% of whom declared they smoked. In the descriptive analyses, more smokers than non-smokers felt tha","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.002
Thiébaut-Noël Willig , Louise Brun , Anne Piollet , Marie Dajon , Marie-Claire Thiollier , Rémy Assathiany , Pierre Fourneret , Stéphane Oustric , Michel Amouyal , Magali Masse , Anne Monge , Diane Purper Ouakil
Introduction
In France, knowledge and awareness of childhood ADHD remain insufficient. To guide the development of training programs for medical residents, we assessed the understanding of ADHD among residents in family practice, pediatrics, and psychiatry across two major French regions in 2021.
Methods
A SurveyMonkey® survey was distributed to residents in two French regions, gathering information about their training experiences on child/adolescent ADHD, as well as their knowledge and perceptions of the disorder.
Results
Among the 251 residents who completed the survey (response rate: 28.5%), 53.4% reported receiving no training on ADHD during their residency. Substantial differences were observed across specialties: 75% of psychiatry residents reported receiving training, compared to only 38% of family practice residents. Even brief training sessions (e.g., one hour) significantly improved knowledge and perceptions of ADHD, with greater effectiveness observed as the duration of training increased.
Conclusions
Residency training on ADHD shows potential for improving access to care as post-training knowledge and perceptions align with those of trained practitioners actively managing ADHD in the same regions. Action plans are recommended to enhance training for family practice residents, with follow-up assessments planned using the same methodology.
{"title":"Representations and knowledge of residents about ADHD in children in two regions in France","authors":"Thiébaut-Noël Willig , Louise Brun , Anne Piollet , Marie Dajon , Marie-Claire Thiollier , Rémy Assathiany , Pierre Fourneret , Stéphane Oustric , Michel Amouyal , Magali Masse , Anne Monge , Diane Purper Ouakil","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In France, knowledge and awareness of childhood ADHD remain insufficient. To guide the development of training programs for medical residents, we assessed the understanding of ADHD among residents in family practice, pediatrics, and psychiatry across two major French regions in 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A SurveyMonkey® survey was distributed to residents in two French regions, gathering information about their training experiences on child/adolescent ADHD, as well as their knowledge and perceptions of the disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 251 residents who completed the survey (response rate: 28.5%), 53.4% reported receiving no training on ADHD during their residency. Substantial differences were observed across specialties: 75% of psychiatry residents reported receiving training, compared to only 38% of family practice residents. Even brief training sessions (e.g., one hour) significantly improved knowledge and perceptions of ADHD, with greater effectiveness observed as the duration of training increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Residency training on ADHD shows potential for improving access to care as post-training knowledge and perceptions align with those of trained practitioners actively managing ADHD in the same regions. Action plans are recommended to enhance training for family practice residents, with follow-up assessments planned using the same methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.003
Céline Straczek , Alba Lopez-Krahe , Ahava Cohen , Emilie Cohen , Eimma Calimouttoupoulle , Bénédicte Louvet , Muriel Paul , Baptiste Pignon , Murielle Pecal Dalle
Clozapine remains the gold-standard for resistant schizophrenia. However, it is associated with serious adverse events and a low patient adherence that could be enhanced by therapeutic education. Identifying patients’ needs is a prerequisite for building educational tools. The aims of the study were to build an adapted information tool after evaluating patients’ knowledge and expectations regarding their clozapine treatment, and to estimate patients’ satisfaction with this tool. Patients’ knowledge and expectations were evaluated by means of a short oral and semi-structured interview, based on an 11-item questionnaire developed by pharmacists and psychiatrists. Patients with schizophrenia or a schizo-affective disorder were included from four different care structures of the university psychiatry department. Finally, an education tool was built based on patients’ answers and tested among them. Between February 2020 and September 2021, 51 patients (17 women) around 36 years of age were interviewed. 45% were aware of a clozapine indication. Half of the patients did not know how to react in case of forgetting a dose. Although the rhythm of blood tests was understood by most patients (84%), only 29% estimated they had a general knowledge about them. Many patients (73%) could cite no more than two adverse effects. Regarding interactions, 69% had a partial knowledge and 31% none at all. Patients preferred to receive information in the form of a brochure. The subsequent brochure was tested on 15 patients who were satisfied with it. The survey revealed a general lack of knowledge among patients about their clozapine treatment. The tool built based on patients’ answers has been adapted and liked by patients.
{"title":"An education tool on clozapin: From needs assessment to patient satisfaction","authors":"Céline Straczek , Alba Lopez-Krahe , Ahava Cohen , Emilie Cohen , Eimma Calimouttoupoulle , Bénédicte Louvet , Muriel Paul , Baptiste Pignon , Murielle Pecal Dalle","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clozapine remains the gold-standard for resistant schizophrenia. However, it is associated with serious adverse events and a low patient adherence that could be enhanced by therapeutic education. Identifying patients’ needs is a prerequisite for building educational tools. The aims of the study were to build an adapted information tool after evaluating patients’ knowledge and expectations regarding their clozapine<span> treatment, and to estimate patients’ satisfaction with this tool. Patients’ knowledge and expectations were evaluated by means of a short oral and semi-structured interview, based on an 11-item questionnaire developed by pharmacists and psychiatrists. Patients with schizophrenia or a schizo-affective disorder were included from four different care structures of the university psychiatry department. Finally, an education tool was built based on patients’ answers and tested among them. Between February 2020 and September 2021, 51 patients (17 women) around 36 years of age were interviewed. 45% were aware of a clozapine indication. Half of the patients did not know how to react in case of forgetting a dose. Although the rhythm of blood tests was understood by most patients (84%), only 29% estimated they had a general knowledge about them. Many patients (73%) could cite no more than two adverse effects. Regarding interactions, 69% had a partial knowledge and 31% none at all. Patients preferred to receive information in the form of a brochure. The subsequent brochure was tested on 15 patients who were satisfied with it. The survey revealed a general lack of knowledge among patients about their clozapine treatment. The tool built based on patients’ answers has been adapted and liked by patients.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.012
Martin Blay , Arjin Uludag-Martin , Saioa Lagadec , Marion Zenou , Inès Benmakhlouf
Objective
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common disorder associated with poor mental health and socio-professional outcomes. Even though it is known to be a treatable condition, almost half of the patients are still not responding to current psychotherapeutic treatment programs. Peer-support interventions are thought to be an interesting way to improve these treatments, but data regarding the feasibility of such interventions are scarce.
Methods
The present naturalistic study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating a peer-support worker (PSW) with a lived experience of BPD as a co-leader in an evidence-based psychoeducation group based on Good Psychiatric Management for patients with BPD, with a pre-post design.
Results
Overall, 46 patients were included in the analysis, among whom 34 completed the post-group analysis. Almost all the patients found the presence of the PSW relevant and useful, completion rates were high, and security outcomes were satisfactory.
Conclusion
Despite numerous limitations, including the naturalistic design, the absence of a control group, and the high level of training of our PSW (that limits the generalizability of our findings to less trained PSW), we believe that our study adds to the current scarce literature on the usefulness of integrating PSW with a lived experience of BPD in evidence-based treatment programs for patients with BPD.
{"title":"Peer-support and group psychoeducation for patients with borderline personality disorder: A feasibility study","authors":"Martin Blay , Arjin Uludag-Martin , Saioa Lagadec , Marion Zenou , Inès Benmakhlouf","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common disorder associated with poor mental health and socio-professional outcomes. Even though it is known to be a treatable condition, almost half of the patients are still not responding to current psychotherapeutic treatment programs. Peer-support interventions are thought to be an interesting way to improve these treatments, but data regarding the feasibility of such interventions are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present naturalistic study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating a peer-support worker (PSW) with a lived experience of BPD as a co-leader in an evidence-based psychoeducation group based on Good Psychiatric Management for patients with BPD, with a pre-post design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 46 patients were included in the analysis, among whom 34 completed the post-group analysis. Almost all the patients found the presence of the PSW relevant and useful, completion rates were high, and security outcomes were satisfactory.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite numerous limitations, including the naturalistic design, the absence of a control group, and the high level of training of our PSW (that limits the generalizability of our findings to less trained PSW), we believe that our study adds to the current scarce literature on the usefulness of integrating PSW with a lived experience of BPD in evidence-based treatment programs for patients with BPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study addressed the growing recognition of mental health disorders during the perinatal period, in particular obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD symptoms can affect between 3% and 10% of women during the perinatal period, a higher prevalence than in the general population. The Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (POCS), developed in Canada, is to our knowledge the only validated tool for screening OCD in the perinatal context. This study aimed to validate the French version of the POCS in order to improve early detection of OCD symptoms among French-speaking mothers and fathers.
Methods
The study included 227 pregnant women in their third trimester and 113 in the early postpartum period. The POCS was translated into French using the forward and backward translation method, in collaboration with bilingual experts from France and Quebec. Other measures included validated tools: the Obsessional Compulsive Inventory–Revised (OCI-R) for general OCD and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depressive symptoms. Data were collected in person and online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha), and ROC curve analysis to assess the validity and discriminative capacity of the scale.
Results
The French version of the POCS showed strong internal consistency and psychometric properties similar to the English version. The POCS had good convergent validity, correlating with the OCI-R and showing a distinct link to depression symptoms via the EPDS. Exploratory analysis demonstrated that a high proportion of that perinatal sample reported OCD symptoms.
Conclusions
The French version of the POCS is reliable and valid for screening OCD symptoms in women during the perinatal period. The study highlights the need for screening tools specific to this population The POCS is a valuable clinical tool for early identification and intervention regarding perinatal OCD symptoms. Its systematic use in maternal health services could enhance mental health support for mothers during pregnancy and postpartum.
{"title":"French validation of the POCS scale: A tool for screening intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions during pregnancy and postpartum","authors":"Catherine Lord , Marie-Luce Faure , Wissam El-Hage , Laurence Joly , Benoît Bayle","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study addressed the growing recognition of mental health disorders during the perinatal period, in particular obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD symptoms can affect between 3% and 10% of women during the perinatal period, a higher prevalence than in the general population. The Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (POCS), developed in Canada, is to our knowledge the only validated tool for screening OCD in the perinatal context. This study aimed to validate the French version of the POCS in order to improve early detection of OCD symptoms among French-speaking mothers and fathers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 227 pregnant women in their third trimester and 113 in the early postpartum period. The POCS was translated into French using the forward and backward translation method, in collaboration with bilingual experts from France and Quebec. Other measures included validated tools: the Obsessional Compulsive Inventory–Revised (OCI-R) for general OCD and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depressive symptoms. Data were collected in person and online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha), and ROC curve analysis to assess the validity and discriminative capacity of the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The French version of the POCS showed strong internal consistency and psychometric properties similar to the English version. The POCS had good convergent validity, correlating with the OCI-R and showing a distinct link to depression symptoms via the EPDS. Exploratory analysis demonstrated that a high proportion of that perinatal sample reported OCD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The French version of the POCS is reliable and valid for screening OCD symptoms in women during the perinatal period. The study highlights the need for screening tools specific to this population The POCS is a valuable clinical tool for early identification and intervention regarding perinatal OCD symptoms. Its systematic use in maternal health services could enhance mental health support for mothers during pregnancy and postpartum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号