Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.08.001
Ludovic Samalin
{"title":"Embracing digital psychiatry: Readiness or resistance?","authors":"Ludovic Samalin","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 469-470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clozapine-induced hypersialorrhoea (or hypersalivation) is a common side effect, and at present there is no therapeutic strategy with a validated indication to treat it. The corrective strategies proposed in the scientific literature have varying degrees of validity. As a result, it is important to regularly update the available data and to make proposals that are in line with the specialties available in each country.
Material and methods
A systematic review of the literature respecting PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statements was carried out using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases with the keywords “Clozapine”, “induced”, “hypersalivation” or “sialorrhea”. Only articles dealing with substances marketed in France and written in French or English were selected.
Results
64 articles were included in this review. The various strategies identified corresponded mainly to treatments with regulatory actions on the cholinergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission systems. This selection of drug strategies available in France for clozapine-induced hypersalivation identified 17 substances.
Discussion and conclusion
The level of evidence concerning treatments for clozapine-induced hypersialorrhoea remains limited. As a first option, and if clinically feasible (benefit-risk ratio), a cautious, gradual reduction in dosage is preferred. If this fails, local anticholinergic treatment may be initiated and evaluated following pharmaco-practical recommendations based on the drugs available in France and their level of evidence.
{"title":"Treatment strategies for clozapine-induced sialorrhea in France: A systematic review","authors":"Amélie Rousseau-Voisin , Hervé Javelot , Franck Lach , Guillaume Meyer , Antoine Yrondi , Adeline Egron , Audrey Foclher , Sophie Dizet , Elodie Cuvelier , Bénédicte Gohier , Hugo Bottemanne","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clozapine-induced hypersialorrhoea (or hypersalivation) is a common side effect, and at present there is no therapeutic strategy with a validated indication to treat it. The corrective strategies proposed in the scientific literature have varying degrees of validity. As a result, it is important to regularly update the available data and to make proposals that are in line with the specialties available in each country.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A systematic review of the literature respecting PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statements was carried out using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases with the keywords “Clozapine”, “induced”, “hypersalivation” or “sialorrhea”. Only articles dealing with substances marketed in France and written in French or English were selected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>64 articles were included in this review. The various strategies identified corresponded mainly to treatments with regulatory actions on the cholinergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission systems. This selection of drug strategies available in France for clozapine-induced hypersalivation identified 17 substances.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><div>The level of evidence concerning treatments for clozapine-induced hypersialorrhoea remains limited. As a first option, and if clinically feasible (benefit-risk ratio), a cautious, gradual reduction in dosage is preferred. If this fails, local anticholinergic treatment may be initiated and evaluated following pharmaco-practical recommendations based on the drugs available in France and their level of evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 539-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to assess the economic impact of delays and inadequate diagnosis and treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in France, affecting 2 to 3 million individuals. Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are often described as “invisible” disabilities, but they generate significant societal costs.
Method
The study was conducted with the support of Ashoka France as part of a collaboration between Goodwill-Management and the Aloïs Association. Goodwill-Management, a firm specializing in support for social economy organizations, offers pro bono assistance each year for social impact assessment. In 2022, it selected the project of the Aloïs Association, a center of expertise on cognitive disorders at all stages of life, based in Paris, to conduct the first medico-economic study on NDDs in France. The methodological approach comprised a thorough literature review, data collection from public organizations, and detailed economic analysis. The study sought to identify the potential cost-saving levers and highlight the economic burden of late diagnosis and variable care pathways for NDDs.
Results
The study revealed that the economic cost of NDDs in France is estimated at approximately 28 billion euros per year. In comparison, the estimated costs are 74 billion dollars in the United States and 37 billion dollars in Canada. A major contributor to these costs is the delay in diagnosis, coupled with the heterogeneity of care, which significantly impacts the professional lives of individuals with NDDs and their caregivers.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and standardized care pathways to reduce societal costs and improve the quality of life for affected individuals. To reduce societal costs and improve the quality of life for those affected, the proposed recommendations emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, increasing access to care methods recommended by the HAS (French National Health Authority), and promoting targeted prevention and psychoeducation interventions within companies, aimed at supporting employees suffering from these disorders as well as employee caregivers. Implementing these measures is expected to generate substantial economic savings and support the inclusion and well-being of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions.
{"title":"Impact socioéconomique des troubles du neurodéveloppement en France","authors":"Bertrand Schoentgen , Edmée Chatin , Helga Sallé , Mikaël Leroy , Nicolas Bonnet , Bénédicte Défontaines","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aims to assess the economic impact of delays and inadequate diagnosis and treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in France, affecting 2 to 3 million individuals. Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are often described as “invisible” disabilities, but they generate significant societal costs.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study was conducted with the support of Ashoka France as part of a collaboration between Goodwill-Management and the Aloïs Association. Goodwill-Management, a firm specializing in support for social economy organizations, offers <em>pro bono</em> assistance each year for social impact assessment. In 2022, it selected the project of the Aloïs Association, a center of expertise on cognitive disorders at all stages of life, based in Paris, to conduct the first medico-economic study on NDDs in France. The methodological approach comprised a thorough literature review, data collection from public organizations, and detailed economic analysis. The study sought to identify the potential cost-saving levers and highlight the economic burden of late diagnosis and variable care pathways for NDDs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed that the economic cost of NDDs in France is estimated at approximately 28 billion euros per year. In comparison, the estimated costs are 74 billion dollars in the United States and 37 billion dollars in Canada. A major contributor to these costs is the delay in diagnosis, coupled with the heterogeneity of care, which significantly impacts the professional lives of individuals with NDDs and their caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and standardized care pathways to reduce societal costs and improve the quality of life for affected individuals. To reduce societal costs and improve the quality of life for those affected, the proposed recommendations emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, increasing access to care methods recommended by the HAS (French National Health Authority), and promoting targeted prevention and psychoeducation interventions within companies, aimed at supporting employees suffering from these disorders as well as employee caregivers. Implementing these measures is expected to generate substantial economic savings and support the inclusion and well-being of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 557-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2024.10.007
Sylvia Martin
Background
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by emotional, relational, and cognitive dysregulations. It is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, contributing to stigmatization and inconsistent treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its unique stressors, offered an opportunity to examine BPD traits in the general population.
Aims
This study compares the manifestation of BPD traits during the COVID-19 pandemic across clinical and non-clinical populations in France. It hypothesizes that the general population, despite experiencing similar stress-induced behaviors, will exhibit different levels of BPD traits.
Methods
We administered the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) to a sample of 563 respondents via an online questionnaire.
Results
The findings reveal that while all groups exhibited elevated impulsivity and anxiety, BPD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of hopelessness, suicidal tendencies, anxiety and depression. This indicates the chronic and pervasive nature of BPD compared with stress-induced behaviors in the general population or other clinical samples.
Discussion
The results highlight the distinct nature of BPD traits and the necessity of refined diagnostic and treatment approaches. We specifically note that the “Emptiness” trait affects the overall severity of BPD. The analysis allows for the nuanced understanding that BPD, rather than being a unified pathological entity, is a disorder in which predominant traits can affect the overall severity.
Conclusion
BPD is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed disorder, with traits such as chronic emptiness remaining stable despite external stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on understudied traits such as emptiness could enhance therapeutic approaches, and further research is needed to refine diagnostic methods and better understand BPD's diverse symptom profiles.
{"title":"Instability of the unstable, an observation of borderline personality disorder traits and impulsivity declaration during the pandemic","authors":"Sylvia Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by emotional, relational, and cognitive dysregulations. It is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, contributing to stigmatization and inconsistent treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its unique stressors, offered an opportunity to examine BPD traits in the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study compares the manifestation of BPD traits during the COVID-19 pandemic across clinical and non-clinical populations in France. It hypothesizes that the general population, despite experiencing similar stress-induced behaviors, will exhibit different levels of BPD traits.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We administered the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) to a sample of 563 respondents via an online questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings reveal that while all groups exhibited elevated impulsivity and anxiety, BPD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of hopelessness, suicidal tendencies, anxiety and depression. This indicates the chronic and pervasive nature of BPD compared with stress-induced behaviors in the general population or other clinical samples.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The results highlight the distinct nature of BPD traits and the necessity of refined diagnostic and treatment approaches. We specifically note that the “Emptiness” trait affects the overall severity of BPD. The analysis allows for the nuanced understanding that BPD, rather than being a unified pathological entity, is a disorder in which predominant traits can affect the overall severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BPD is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed disorder, with traits such as chronic emptiness remaining stable despite external stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on understudied traits such as emptiness could enhance therapeutic approaches, and further research is needed to refine diagnostic methods and better understand BPD's diverse symptom profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 498-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.010
Laurent Lecardeur, Nicolas Franck, Marie-Cécile Bralet
{"title":"The psychosocial rehabilitation washing in France.","authors":"Laurent Lecardeur, Nicolas Franck, Marie-Cécile Bralet","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.08.002
Mariem Bouhamed, Syrine Ajmi, Rim Masmoudi, Abdelmajid Zahaf, Ines Feki, Rim Sallemi, Jawaher Masmoudi
Aims: Cannabis is widely used for various reasons, including its effects on sexuality. It has significant short- and long-term health consequences. However, its impact on sexual health remains uncertain. This study assesses sexual function in Tunisian cannabis users compared to non-users.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical case-control study at the Tunisian Association for the Fight Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS. We used the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) to evaluate cannabis dependence and male sexual function.
Results: The study included 30 male cannabis users matched with 30 control subjects from the general population. The median total CAST score was 24, indicating a severe level of dependence. All users reported trying cannabis at least once before sexual activity. The average IIEF-15 score among users was 63.07±4.32, and daily cannabis users had a significantly lower IIEF-15 total score (P=0.01). Compared to the control group, the mean total IIEF-15 score (P=0.001), as well as the mean scores in the domains of erection (P=0.001), orgasm (P=0.001), desire (P=0.006), and satisfaction (P=0.001), were significantly higher in the group of cannabis users.
Conclusion: This study highlights the controversial effects of cannabis on sexuality. However, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish a causal relationship between cannabis use and sexual dysfunction. Therefore, further research, particularly longitudinal studies, is needed along with increased awareness among healthcare professionals to ensure careful assessment of sexual function and to optimize patient management.
{"title":"Cannabis use and male sexuality in a Tunisian sample: A case-control study.","authors":"Mariem Bouhamed, Syrine Ajmi, Rim Masmoudi, Abdelmajid Zahaf, Ines Feki, Rim Sallemi, Jawaher Masmoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Cannabis is widely used for various reasons, including its effects on sexuality. It has significant short- and long-term health consequences. However, its impact on sexual health remains uncertain. This study assesses sexual function in Tunisian cannabis users compared to non-users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical case-control study at the Tunisian Association for the Fight Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS. We used the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) to evaluate cannabis dependence and male sexual function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 30 male cannabis users matched with 30 control subjects from the general population. The median total CAST score was 24, indicating a severe level of dependence. All users reported trying cannabis at least once before sexual activity. The average IIEF-15 score among users was 63.07±4.32, and daily cannabis users had a significantly lower IIEF-15 total score (P=0.01). Compared to the control group, the mean total IIEF-15 score (P=0.001), as well as the mean scores in the domains of erection (P=0.001), orgasm (P=0.001), desire (P=0.006), and satisfaction (P=0.001), were significantly higher in the group of cannabis users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the controversial effects of cannabis on sexuality. However, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish a causal relationship between cannabis use and sexual dysfunction. Therefore, further research, particularly longitudinal studies, is needed along with increased awareness among healthcare professionals to ensure careful assessment of sexual function and to optimize patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.006
Szilvia Lestyan, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Pierre Fourneret, Hugo Bottemanne, Élise Hassler, Maxime Ducret, Christophe Gauld
{"title":"The pathologies of artificial intelligence: Lessons for and from clinical psychiatry.","authors":"Szilvia Lestyan, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Pierre Fourneret, Hugo Bottemanne, Élise Hassler, Maxime Ducret, Christophe Gauld","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.005
Eloïse Da Cunha, Amélie David, Constance Retiere, Lise Rudler, Lyne Daumas, Eric Ettore, Philippe Robert, Raphaël Zory, Auriane Gros, Valeria Manera
Introduction: Apathy, commonly observed in neurocognitive disorders, is characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior with a reduction of initiatives interests and emotions. This article presents the case of Mrs. B., a 70-year-old patient with mild neurocognitive disorder and apathy, who underwent an intervention combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training delivered through a web application.
Observations: After four weeks, clinical scales and self-report questionnaires revealed: reduced intensity in emotional blunting, increased interest, and decreased fatigue, although apathy remained stable according to the apathy diagnostic criteria. These changes were corroborated by vocal analyses, which showed improved prosody, increased speech rate, and fewer pauses. Changes in prosodic and temporal markers appeared to align with the behavioral improvements reported by the patient.
Discussion: These findings highlight the potential of prosodic and temporal speech markers to assess and monitor apathy. This innovative approach may enhance clinical evaluations and support the development of more tailored interventions.
{"title":"[Speech markers as objective indicators of apathy: New insights from a case study].","authors":"Eloïse Da Cunha, Amélie David, Constance Retiere, Lise Rudler, Lyne Daumas, Eric Ettore, Philippe Robert, Raphaël Zory, Auriane Gros, Valeria Manera","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Apathy, commonly observed in neurocognitive disorders, is characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior with a reduction of initiatives interests and emotions. This article presents the case of Mrs. B., a 70-year-old patient with mild neurocognitive disorder and apathy, who underwent an intervention combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training delivered through a web application.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>After four weeks, clinical scales and self-report questionnaires revealed: reduced intensity in emotional blunting, increased interest, and decreased fatigue, although apathy remained stable according to the apathy diagnostic criteria. These changes were corroborated by vocal analyses, which showed improved prosody, increased speech rate, and fewer pauses. Changes in prosodic and temporal markers appeared to align with the behavioral improvements reported by the patient.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of prosodic and temporal speech markers to assess and monitor apathy. This innovative approach may enhance clinical evaluations and support the development of more tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.003
Antoine Teston, Chloé Saint-Dizier, Julian Betremieux, François Jean, Emmanuel Chazard, Maxime Bubrowszky, Antoine Lamer
Objective: The authors sought to assess differences in children and adolescents' characteristics according to the type of hospital they were admitted to.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with the French national insurance database (SNDS). Patients aged less than 18 and discharged from psychiatric hospitals in 2022 were included. Characteristics of stays were described according to the types of facilities: public, private not-for-profit, or private for-profit hospitals.
Results: In 2022, 20,598 patients were hospitalized in psychiatric facilities in France, totaling 46,222 stays. There were 76.92% of the stays in public, 13.39% in non-profit facilities, and 9.70% in for-profit facilities. In public and non-profit facilities, patients were more frequently male, younger, and had shorter lengths of stay compared to those in for-profit facilities.
Conclusions: Public facilities take care of the majority of patients. Characteristics of patients and stays differ according to the type of facility. There is a significant common population between public and private sectors.
{"title":"Comparison of youth psychiatric hospitalizations by type of facility in 2022.","authors":"Antoine Teston, Chloé Saint-Dizier, Julian Betremieux, François Jean, Emmanuel Chazard, Maxime Bubrowszky, Antoine Lamer","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The authors sought to assess differences in children and adolescents' characteristics according to the type of hospital they were admitted to.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted with the French national insurance database (SNDS). Patients aged less than 18 and discharged from psychiatric hospitals in 2022 were included. Characteristics of stays were described according to the types of facilities: public, private not-for-profit, or private for-profit hospitals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, 20,598 patients were hospitalized in psychiatric facilities in France, totaling 46,222 stays. There were 76.92% of the stays in public, 13.39% in non-profit facilities, and 9.70% in for-profit facilities. In public and non-profit facilities, patients were more frequently male, younger, and had shorter lengths of stay compared to those in for-profit facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public facilities take care of the majority of patients. Characteristics of patients and stays differ according to the type of facility. There is a significant common population between public and private sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.004
Gabriele Costa Bensberg, Ana Claudia Lunelli Moro, Débora Fernandes Pinheiro
Introduction: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a condition characterized by a distorted perception of one's own body image. Individuals with BDD exhibit excessive concern about their appearance, often fixating on perceived flaws that are either imaginary or minor. The prevalence of body image-related eating disorders has been increasing among university students, particularly in health-related fields, where students frequently experience pressure to maintain an ideal body shape and weight.
Methods: This cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with Nutrition students at a community university in Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body image perception was assessed using the Silhouette Matching Task (SMT) by means of an online questionnaire via Google Forms. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.
Results: A total of 46 students participated, of whom 76.08% (n=35) were female. The mean BMI was 23.33kg/m2, with a predominance of eutrophic individuals (74.28%). In contrast, the mean BMI for males was 28.42kg/m2, with overweight being the predominant nutritional status. Regarding body image perception, 77.14% of females and 63.64% of males reported dissatisfaction with excess weight. The study found that males had a significantly higher weight (P=0.00003; r=0.578). Additionally, body dissatisfaction was more prevalent among females (P=0.00531; r=0.357) and increased with BMI (P=0.0015; r=0.455).
Conclusion: The findings indicate a high prevalence of body dissatisfaction among students, even among those with a nutritionally adequate status, particularly females. These results highlight the strong sociocultural pressure surrounding body image which significantly impacts this population.
{"title":"Body image dissatisfaction in brazilian nutrition students: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Gabriele Costa Bensberg, Ana Claudia Lunelli Moro, Débora Fernandes Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a condition characterized by a distorted perception of one's own body image. Individuals with BDD exhibit excessive concern about their appearance, often fixating on perceived flaws that are either imaginary or minor. The prevalence of body image-related eating disorders has been increasing among university students, particularly in health-related fields, where students frequently experience pressure to maintain an ideal body shape and weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with Nutrition students at a community university in Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body image perception was assessed using the Silhouette Matching Task (SMT) by means of an online questionnaire via Google Forms. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 students participated, of whom 76.08% (n=35) were female. The mean BMI was 23.33kg/m<sup>2</sup>, with a predominance of eutrophic individuals (74.28%). In contrast, the mean BMI for males was 28.42kg/m<sup>2</sup>, with overweight being the predominant nutritional status. Regarding body image perception, 77.14% of females and 63.64% of males reported dissatisfaction with excess weight. The study found that males had a significantly higher weight (P=0.00003; r=0.578). Additionally, body dissatisfaction was more prevalent among females (P=0.00531; r=0.357) and increased with BMI (P=0.0015; r=0.455).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate a high prevalence of body dissatisfaction among students, even among those with a nutritionally adequate status, particularly females. These results highlight the strong sociocultural pressure surrounding body image which significantly impacts this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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