Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique最新文献

Physical activity is increasingly recognized not only for its physical benefits but also for its profound impact on brain health. We reviewed the effects of exercise on mood and cognition with a particular focus on the underlying biological mechanisms, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuroplasticity. Emerging evidence indicated that exercise, particularly aerobic activity, elevates BDNF levels in key brain regions such as the hippocampus, fostering neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. These processes contribute to improved emotional regulation, alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety, while also enhancing cognitive functions such as memory and attention. Furthermore, we investigated the implications of these findings across diverse age cohorts, including children, adults, and older adults, to elucidate age-specific effects on neurobiological processes such as growth, survival, differentiation, and neurogenesis. We also propose future research directions to enhance understanding of these mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on the therapeutic potential of physical activity as a broadly accessible intervention for promoting mental health and cognitive function across the lifespan.

Introduction: The body satisfaction and global self-perception questionnaire could be related to questionnaires measuring well-being. The first objective of this work was to complete the validation of the body satisfaction and global self-perception questionnaire by searching for underlying concepts using principal component analysis. The second was to validate the questionnaire externally, by studying correlations with several other questionnaires.

Method: In this study, we used several samples. For internal validation by factorial analysis, we used two groups: a "non-clinical" and a "clinical" group. For external validation, we studied correlations with several other questionnaires measuring positive and negative components of perceived well-being in the "non-clinical" group.

Results: Four factors: Body flourishing, Mental radiance, Vigor and Serenity were highlighted, and a good external validity was measured. High links with questionnaires that measure positive dimensions of well-being and low for those that measure negative dimensions appeared in the correlations between these questionnaires.

Conclusions: This study made it possible to complete the validation of the body satisfaction and global self-perception questionnaire. The originality of this questionnaire is that it simultaneously measures both positive and negative components of well-being. It could thus be proposed to evaluate any type of treatment by measuring the resulting increase in well-being.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the Odor Hedonic Profile (OHP) to evaluate its sensitivity in relation to the level of depression.

Method: The self-rating tool (OHP) related to everyday odors and recently validated in the general population is based on hedonic estimation without olfactory stimulation to avoid bias linked to odorant properties and experimental protocols. OHP scores in a population with a major depressive episode were compared to a non-depressed control population and a population with a moderate depressive state.

Results: The results showed significant differences in OHP scores depending on the group of participants (depressed, moderately depressed, and control). The results also showed that significant differences in OHP scores are related to sex. In addition, the results showed that OHP scores were correlated with levels of depression, anxiety and pleasure experienced. Finally, the group of depressed participants showed more conservative and negative aliesthesia profiles than moderately depressed and non-depressed control participants.

Discussion: This study shows that OHP can be used in different populations, especially in diseases with mood/emotional disturbances such as depression.

Background: The interpersonal theory of suicide emphasizes the importance of a sense of belonging and hypothesizes that finding meaning in life reduces suicidal behavior. The Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ) is widely used internationally to assess this relationship to meaning. Despite its popularity, it lacks a validated French version, limiting its application in French-speaking populations. This absence hinders research on meaning in life and suicide prevention in these populations.

Aims: This study aimed to translate and adapt the MLQ into the French language in a population of psychiatric emergency patients.

Methods: The translated questionnaire was administered to 119 participants admitted consecutively to a crisis center, and psychometric analyses were carried out according to classical test and item response theories.

Results: Factor analysis confirmed the two-dimensional structure: presence and search for meaning. Internal consistency was good, with Cronbach's coefficients of 0.90 and 0.82, respectively. The fit to the IRT model was also good (Person Separation Index of 1.66 and 1.52, and Reliability Index of 0.73 and 0.70, respectively). Comparisons between groups confirmed good discriminatory power, with higher scores among patients admitted for suicide attempt.

Conclusion: The French version of the MLQ, considering its brevity, demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, a major asset for its potential use in clinical practice.

Introduction: The recourse to compulsory psychiatric hospitalizations is authorized in Belgium in case of the presence of strict legal criteria defined by the law on the protection of patients with mental illness. In recent years, the number of compulsory psychiatric hospitalizations has been constantly increasing, leading to an increasing saturation of specialized hospitalization units. To better understand this problem, the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the impact of a medical contact during the three months preceding the occurrence of a first forensic expertise on the decision to involuntarily hospitalize psychiatric patients referred to emergency departments.

Material and method: Three hundred and ninety-nine patients were retrospectively extracted from the database of forensic expertise performed in emergency departments between January 2021 and December 2023. The impact of a medical contact during the three months preceding the occurrence of a first forensic expertise on the risk of compulsory psychiatric hospitalization was assessed using logistic regression analyses.

Results: Sixty-two percent of forensic expertise resulted in compulsory psychiatric hospitalization. In addition, a medical contact during the prior three months was associated with higher risk of compulsory psychiatric hospitalization in patients referred to emergency departments for a first forensic expertise.

Conclusion: In this study the results seem to confirm the hypothesis of an exhaustion of therapeutic alternatives available to compulsory care in some psychiatric patients involuntarily hospitalized after a first forensic expertise. This underlines the importance of developing new care networks that are more accessible to these patients and better adapted to their needs.