Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.012
Alain Braillon, Florian Naudet
{"title":"[Baclofen, a French exception: Like the Mediator?]","authors":"Alain Braillon, Florian Naudet","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.012
Hafsa Choujaa , Sofia Zoukal , Mohamed Agoub
Objectives
Internet and gaming addiction were emerging mental health problems, particularly among adolescents. We aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet use disorder and gaming addiction among high school students and its predictors in the city of Mohammedia, Casablanca.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 427 students at a public high school in Mohammedia from May to June 2022, which was selected by convenience. Internet addiction was assessed using the Young's Internet Addiction Test-20 items, and gaming addiction was assessed using the problem video gaming scale. Statistical Analysis was done using percentages, means, χ2 or Fisher's exact tests, Student's t-tests, and logistic regression in final analysis.
Results
The mean age of participants was 16.3 ± 1.2, with a female predominance (71%). Among the high school students, 47.8% were from the first year and 52.2% from the second. The majority (52.7%) reported using a smart mobile phone. They used the Internet to play games (68.4%), 32.8% to communicate on social media platforms, and 34.4% to gather general information. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 93.2%. Using the Internet alone was significantly associated with Internet addiction (aOR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.02–4.76). The prevalence of Internet game disorder was 14.1% and failing at least one grade was a significant risk factor (aOR = 4.54; 95% CI 2.38–8.68).
Conclusion
Moroccan adolescents seem to be at great risk of Internet and gaming addictions. Targeted action of modifiable factors would be useful for prevention.
目标：网络和游戏成瘾是新出现的心理健康问题，特别是在青少年中。我们的目的是确定网络使用障碍和游戏成瘾在卡萨布兰卡穆罕默德市高中生中的流行程度及其预测因素。方法：我们对2022年5月至6月在Mohammedia的一所公立高中的427名学生进行了横断面研究。网络成瘾使用Young's网络成瘾测试-20项目进行评估，游戏成瘾使用问题视频游戏量表进行评估。统计分析采用百分比、均值、χ2或Fisher精确检验、学生t检验和最终分析的逻辑回归进行。结果：参与者平均年龄为16.3±1.2岁，以女性为主（71%）。在高中学生中，47.8%是一年级学生，52.2%是二年级学生。大多数人（52.7%）使用智能手机。他们使用互联网玩游戏（68.4%），在社交媒体平台上交流（32.8%），收集一般信息（34.4%）。网络成瘾患病率为93.2%。单独使用网络与网络成瘾显著相关(aOR=2.21；95% ci 1.02-4.76)。网络游戏障碍的患病率为14.1%，至少一个年级不及格是一个显著的危险因素(aOR=4.54；95% ci 2.38-8.68)。结论：摩洛哥青少年似乎有很大的网络和游戏成瘾风险。可改变因素的有针对性的行动将有助于预防。
{"title":"Internet and video game addiction among adolescents: A preliminary study","authors":"Hafsa Choujaa , Sofia Zoukal , Mohamed Agoub","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Internet and gaming addiction were emerging mental health problems, particularly among adolescents. We aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet use disorder and gaming addiction among high school students and its predictors in the city of Mohammedia, Casablanca.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 427 students at a public high school in Mohammedia from May to June 2022, which was selected by convenience. Internet addiction was assessed using the Young's Internet Addiction Test-20 items, and gaming addiction was assessed using the problem video gaming scale. Statistical Analysis was done using percentages, means, χ<sup>2</sup> or Fisher's exact tests, Student's <em>t</em>-tests, and logistic regression in final analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants was 16.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.2, with a female predominance (71%). Among the high school students, 47.8% were from the first year and 52.2% from the second. The majority (52.7%) reported using a smart mobile phone. They used the Internet to play games (68.4%), 32.8% to communicate on social media platforms, and 34.4% to gather general information. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 93.2%. Using the Internet alone was significantly associated with Internet addiction (aOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.21; 95% CI 1.02–4.76). The prevalence of Internet game disorder was 14.1% and failing at least one grade was a significant risk factor (aOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4.54; 95% CI 2.38–8.68).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Moroccan adolescents seem to be at great risk of Internet and gaming addictions. Targeted action of modifiable factors would be useful for prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 677-681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.006
Valentin Revillard, Geoffrey Duran, George A Michael
Context: Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity are two characteristics associated with sexual risk taking and can be studied in different contexts, one of these being that of forensics. Among the different tools used to assess these characteristics, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS) and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) are particularly concise and specific.
Method: This study proposes a French translation of those scales, the fSSSS and the fSCS, validated among a sample of 536 participants from France. Assessments of factor structure, internal consistency and reliability showed good psychometric properties. Convergent and divergent validities were assessed using various forensic-related measures and demonstrated the relevance of both scales in this context.
{"title":"French validation of the Sexual Sensation Seeking and Sexual Compulsivity Scales.","authors":"Valentin Revillard, Geoffrey Duran, George A Michael","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity are two characteristics associated with sexual risk taking and can be studied in different contexts, one of these being that of forensics. Among the different tools used to assess these characteristics, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS) and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) are particularly concise and specific.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study proposes a French translation of those scales, the fSSSS and the fSCS, validated among a sample of 536 participants from France. Assessments of factor structure, internal consistency and reliability showed good psychometric properties. Convergent and divergent validities were assessed using various forensic-related measures and demonstrated the relevance of both scales in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.007
Yassine Benhaddouch, Youssef Ouazzani Housni Touhami, Fadila Bousgheiri, Adil El Ammouri, Adil Najdi, Rachid Aalouane
Introduction: Social functioning is an individual's ability to interact effectively and appropriately with his or her social environment. In psychiatry, acting on social functioning is necessary to reduce the intensity of symptoms and promote patient life in the community. This study proposes a cross-cultural validation of the Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) in Moroccan dialectal Arabic.
Methods: This work consists of creating a translated version according to a rigorous methodology, including direct and reverse translation, as well as evaluation by linguistic experts. A sample of 160 participants was then selected to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SFQ in a statistical study.
Results: The validation study showed high acceptability and reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.803. The results also showed good reproducibility, with perfect inter-observer stability between the test and the retests.
Conclusion: This version of the SFQ is reliable and valid for measuring social functioning in our Moroccan population.
{"title":"The Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) in Moroccan dialectal Arabic: Towards better local evaluation.","authors":"Yassine Benhaddouch, Youssef Ouazzani Housni Touhami, Fadila Bousgheiri, Adil El Ammouri, Adil Najdi, Rachid Aalouane","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Social functioning is an individual's ability to interact effectively and appropriately with his or her social environment. In psychiatry, acting on social functioning is necessary to reduce the intensity of symptoms and promote patient life in the community. This study proposes a cross-cultural validation of the Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) in Moroccan dialectal Arabic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work consists of creating a translated version according to a rigorous methodology, including direct and reverse translation, as well as evaluation by linguistic experts. A sample of 160 participants was then selected to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SFQ in a statistical study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The validation study showed high acceptability and reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.803. The results also showed good reproducibility, with perfect inter-observer stability between the test and the retests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This version of the SFQ is reliable and valid for measuring social functioning in our Moroccan population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Psychiatric patients are frequently exposed to factors that increase their risk of developing chronic liver diseases. These factors include the presence of metabolic syndrome, high rates of current or past alcohol and illicit substance use, and the direct liver toxicity of certain psychiatric medications. Despite this, systematic screening for chronic liver diseases in this population is not routine. Transient elastography (FibroScan®), a non-invasive method to assess liver stiffness, could facilitate early detection of advanced hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of non-invasive liver fibrosis evaluation using FibroScan® among psychiatric inpatients and to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use, viral hepatitis, significant liver fibrosis, and linkage to somatic care.
Methods: This prospective, interventional cohort study was conducted in a tertiary psychiatric hospital from March 2023 to January 2024. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (FibroScan®) screening for the detection of significant liver fibrosis was proposed to all hospitalized patients after providing informed consent. Patients responded to a structured interview that included the AUDIT-C questionnaire to assess alcohol use disorders, along with items on illicit drug use and other liver disease risk factors like metabolic syndrome or viral hepatitis. Significant fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥10kPa. Demographic, clinical, biological and virological data was collected from patients' medical files.
Results: A total of 180 patients were included in the study, with 122 (67.8%) consenting to FibroScan® screening. The cohort's mean age was 44.4±15.5 years, with 61% male. The seroprevalence of HCV antibodies was 2.5%, with a higher prevalence among men (6.5%). Chronic HBV infection prevalence was 0.81%. Metabolic syndrome was present in 28.7% of patients. Alcohol use disorders were identified in 45.9% of patients, with men showing higher AUDIT-C scores than women (P=0.04). Drug use was reported by 37.7% of patients, with recent use in 20%. Significant fibrosis was detected in 0.8% of patients and linkage to care was provided in this case.
Conclusions: Transient elastography is an acceptable method for screening hepatic fibrosis in psychiatric settings. It represents an excellent option to assess other associated comorbidities in this underserved population and improve linkage to somatic care.
{"title":"Acceptability of non-invasive liver fibrosis screening in psychiatric settings.","authors":"Magdalena Meszaros, Delphine Capdevielle, Stéphanie Faure, Corinne Rotrou, Marie-Christine Picot, Jérôme Attal, Alexandra Macgregor, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Hélène Donnadieu","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Psychiatric patients are frequently exposed to factors that increase their risk of developing chronic liver diseases. These factors include the presence of metabolic syndrome, high rates of current or past alcohol and illicit substance use, and the direct liver toxicity of certain psychiatric medications. Despite this, systematic screening for chronic liver diseases in this population is not routine. Transient elastography (FibroScan®), a non-invasive method to assess liver stiffness, could facilitate early detection of advanced hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of non-invasive liver fibrosis evaluation using FibroScan® among psychiatric inpatients and to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use, viral hepatitis, significant liver fibrosis, and linkage to somatic care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, interventional cohort study was conducted in a tertiary psychiatric hospital from March 2023 to January 2024. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (FibroScan®) screening for the detection of significant liver fibrosis was proposed to all hospitalized patients after providing informed consent. Patients responded to a structured interview that included the AUDIT-C questionnaire to assess alcohol use disorders, along with items on illicit drug use and other liver disease risk factors like metabolic syndrome or viral hepatitis. Significant fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥10kPa. Demographic, clinical, biological and virological data was collected from patients' medical files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 180 patients were included in the study, with 122 (67.8%) consenting to FibroScan® screening. The cohort's mean age was 44.4±15.5 years, with 61% male. The seroprevalence of HCV antibodies was 2.5%, with a higher prevalence among men (6.5%). Chronic HBV infection prevalence was 0.81%. Metabolic syndrome was present in 28.7% of patients. Alcohol use disorders were identified in 45.9% of patients, with men showing higher AUDIT-C scores than women (P=0.04). Drug use was reported by 37.7% of patients, with recent use in 20%. Significant fibrosis was detected in 0.8% of patients and linkage to care was provided in this case.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transient elastography is an acceptable method for screening hepatic fibrosis in psychiatric settings. It represents an excellent option to assess other associated comorbidities in this underserved population and improve linkage to somatic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This project aimed to explore the impact of psychological distress (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress) and resilience on quality of life and psychological health at work (well-being or distress at work) of nursing home and healthcare staff members in the Moselle department in Northeastern France.
Methods: In the spring of 2021 230 professionals replied to an online questionnaire. The theoretical model was tested through path analyses.
Results: Results showed that higher resilience scores were associated with lower post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression scores. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with quality of life, while higher quality of life scores were linked to greater well-being at work. Resilience was found to have a significant impact on the psychological state of professionals, with differences observed between well-being and distress at work.
Discussion: In conclusion, our study revealed that resilience plays a significant role in influencing the psychological state of professionals, ultimately impacting their psychological health at work. Therefore, interventions aimed at addressing anxiety, depression, and traumatic symptoms could potentially enhance resilience and mitigate work-related psychological disorders among frontline healthcare professionals.
{"title":"Components of psychological health as determinants of psychological distress and well-being at work of frontline health professionals during pandemic.","authors":"Christine Rotonda, Abdou Yacoubou Omorou, Benoît Lalloué, Elise Eby, Florian Pisu, Claire Touchet, Cyril Tarquinio","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This project aimed to explore the impact of psychological distress (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress) and resilience on quality of life and psychological health at work (well-being or distress at work) of nursing home and healthcare staff members in the Moselle department in Northeastern France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the spring of 2021 230 professionals replied to an online questionnaire. The theoretical model was tested through path analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that higher resilience scores were associated with lower post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression scores. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with quality of life, while higher quality of life scores were linked to greater well-being at work. Resilience was found to have a significant impact on the psychological state of professionals, with differences observed between well-being and distress at work.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, our study revealed that resilience plays a significant role in influencing the psychological state of professionals, ultimately impacting their psychological health at work. Therefore, interventions aimed at addressing anxiety, depression, and traumatic symptoms could potentially enhance resilience and mitigate work-related psychological disorders among frontline healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.003
Emilie Stern, Marie Chamontin, Julia Maruani, Stephane Mouchabac, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud Franchi, Sibylle Mauries, Pierre A Geoffroy
Insomnia disorder is a major health concern, particularly among patients with mood disorders. This study validates the translated version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in a French population with psychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders. The ISI was completed by 260 patients with sleep complaints comorbid with psychiatric disorders, including 209 patients with mood disorders. The majority of participants were women (n=168), and the most diagnosed condition in the population was unipolar mood disorder (n=170). Internal and external validity analyses validated the scale's reliability and its validity in relation to sleep quality and a diagnosis of insomnia made by a sleep psychiatrist. These results support the use of the French translation of the ISI in a French population with psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Validation of the French version of the Insomnia Severity Index in a population with psychiatric disorders and sleep complaints.","authors":"Emilie Stern, Marie Chamontin, Julia Maruani, Stephane Mouchabac, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud Franchi, Sibylle Mauries, Pierre A Geoffroy","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insomnia disorder is a major health concern, particularly among patients with mood disorders. This study validates the translated version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in a French population with psychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders. The ISI was completed by 260 patients with sleep complaints comorbid with psychiatric disorders, including 209 patients with mood disorders. The majority of participants were women (n=168), and the most diagnosed condition in the population was unipolar mood disorder (n=170). Internal and external validity analyses validated the scale's reliability and its validity in relation to sleep quality and a diagnosis of insomnia made by a sleep psychiatrist. These results support the use of the French translation of the ISI in a French population with psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The present study investigates the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies among Moroccan patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and examines the potential associations between the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies and selected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with schizophrenia.
Methods: A cross-sectional assessment was conducted between May 2020 and December 2022. The study involved a total of 157 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to the Ar-Razi Psychiatric Hospital of Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. A total of 115 healthy controls (blood donors) were recruited from the transfusion center of Kenitra, Morocco. Antinuclear autoantibodies screening was performed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells/liver (Monkey), and 16 specificities of nuclear antigens (ENA) were tested using immunodot assay on an automated platform.
Results: The prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies was significantly higher in patients as compared to healthy control (35 vs. 12.7% with P<0.05) suggesting strongly underlying autoimmune processes in the studied patients. Among the 55 samples tested positive for antinuclear autoantibodies in patients, a total of 29 samples had a positive immunodot result against the following antigens: Jo1, SSA, SSB, Ro 52, AMA-M2, PM-Scl, Sm and Sm/RNP. Logistic regression analysis identified tobacco consumption as the only significant predictor of positive antinuclear autoantibodies (B=2.179, P=0.018).
Conclusion: This preliminary study provides original data on the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Moroccan patients with schizophrenia and reveals a strong association between tobacco consumption and antinuclear autoantibodies positivity. The present findings replicate the previously reported association between autoimmune processes and schizophrenia in other geographical areas and warrant extension to other circulating autoantibodies towards a full profiling of autoimmunity in Moroccan patients with schizophrenia.
目的：本研究调查了摩洛哥精神分裂症患者中抗核自身抗体的患病率，并与健康对照进行了比较，并研究了抗核自身抗体的存在与精神分裂症患者的社会人口学和临床特征之间的潜在关联。方法：于2020年5月至2022年12月进行横断面评估。这项研究共涉及157名被诊断为精神分裂症的患者，他们住在摩洛哥拉巴特伊本西纳大学医院中心的Ar-Razi精神病院。从摩洛哥Kenitra输血中心共招募了115名健康对照者（献血者）。使用HEp-2细胞/肝脏（猴子）进行间接免疫荧光法（IFA）筛选抗核自身抗体，在自动化平台上使用免疫点法检测16种核抗原（ENA）的特异性。结果：摩洛哥精神分裂症患者中抗核自身抗体的患病率明显高于健康对照组（35% vs. p12.7%）。结论：本初步研究提供了摩洛哥精神分裂症患者中抗核自身抗体患病率的原始数据，并揭示了烟草消费与抗核自身抗体阳性之间的密切联系。目前的研究结果重复了先前在其他地理区域报道的自身免疫过程与精神分裂症之间的关联，并保证将其扩展到其他循环自身抗体，以全面分析摩洛哥精神分裂症患者的自身免疫。
{"title":"Antinuclear antibodies profiling in Moroccan patients with schizophrenia: A single center study.","authors":"Yassmine Kassal, Aboubaker El Hessni, Abdelhalim Mesfioui, Khadija Fritah, Naila Nakidi, Wahid Boukouaci, Amine Rkhaila, Jihane Bouassida, Siham Belbachir, Fouad Laboudi, Abderrazak Ouanass, Marion Leboyer, Ryad Tamouza, Naima Arji","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study investigates the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies among Moroccan patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and examines the potential associations between the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies and selected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional assessment was conducted between May 2020 and December 2022. The study involved a total of 157 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted to the Ar-Razi Psychiatric Hospital of Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. A total of 115 healthy controls (blood donors) were recruited from the transfusion center of Kenitra, Morocco. Antinuclear autoantibodies screening was performed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells/liver (Monkey), and 16 specificities of nuclear antigens (ENA) were tested using immunodot assay on an automated platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies was significantly higher in patients as compared to healthy control (35 vs. 12.7% with P<0.05) suggesting strongly underlying autoimmune processes in the studied patients. Among the 55 samples tested positive for antinuclear autoantibodies in patients, a total of 29 samples had a positive immunodot result against the following antigens: Jo1, SSA, SSB, Ro 52, AMA-M2, PM-Scl, Sm and Sm/RNP. Logistic regression analysis identified tobacco consumption as the only significant predictor of positive antinuclear autoantibodies (B=2.179, P=0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary study provides original data on the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Moroccan patients with schizophrenia and reveals a strong association between tobacco consumption and antinuclear autoantibodies positivity. The present findings replicate the previously reported association between autoimmune processes and schizophrenia in other geographical areas and warrant extension to other circulating autoantibodies towards a full profiling of autoimmunity in Moroccan patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2024.05.007
Ilona Lemaitre , Lucie Jurek , Ludovic Souiller
Objectives
The evolution of knowledge and recommendations concerning transgender health has led to various representations, especially for health professionals, that can influence the medical management of transgender individuals. The main objective of this study was to explore the representation of psychiatrists in France regarding gender variance. The secondary objective was to compare these data based on their characteristics.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the distribution in April 2022 of a questionnaire to psychiatrists and psychiatric residents in France. The questionnaire was developed after exploring the results of qualitative studies in the scientific literature.
Results
Among 359 respondents, 181 were psychiatric residents and 178 were senior psychiatrists. Ninety percent had already met a transgender person in their professional practice. The representations observed among the respondents were heterogeneous. Most respondents did not consider “transgenderism” a symptom of a psychiatric disorder, and nearly all respondents used the gender and name their patients ask for. About 60% reported insufficient knowledge about “transgenderism”, with 86% considering that they had not been trained to adequately support transgender people.
Conclusions
The study reveals that representations, although weakened by a lack of knowledge recognized by psychiatrists, favor a non-pathologizing apprehension of gender variance and recognition of the importance of respecting gender diversity and self-determination. The heterogeneity of representations, as well as the high prevalence of professionals who describe a lack of knowledge, skills, and training, support the need for guidelines and the integration of evidence-based knowledge about gender variance into the psychiatric curriculum.
{"title":"Psychiatrists’ beliefs, awareness, and attitudes toward gender variance: A French cross-sectional study","authors":"Ilona Lemaitre , Lucie Jurek , Ludovic Souiller","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The evolution of knowledge and recommendations concerning transgender health has led to various representations, especially for health professionals, that can influence the medical management of transgender individuals. The main objective of this study was to explore the representation of psychiatrists in France regarding gender variance. The secondary objective was to compare these data based on their characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the distribution in April 2022 of a questionnaire to psychiatrists and psychiatric residents in France. The questionnaire was developed after exploring the results of qualitative studies in the scientific literature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 359 respondents, 181 were psychiatric residents and 178 were senior psychiatrists. Ninety percent had already met a transgender person in their professional practice. The representations observed among the respondents were heterogeneous. Most respondents did not consider “transgenderism” a symptom of a psychiatric disorder, and nearly all respondents used the gender and name their patients ask for. About 60% reported insufficient knowledge about “transgenderism”, with 86% considering that they had not been trained to adequately support transgender people.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study reveals that representations, although weakened by a lack of knowledge recognized by psychiatrists, favor a non-pathologizing apprehension of gender variance and recognition of the importance of respecting gender diversity and self-determination. The heterogeneity of representations, as well as the high prevalence of professionals who describe a lack of knowledge, skills, and training, support the need for guidelines and the integration of evidence-based knowledge about gender variance into the psychiatric curriculum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 3","pages":"Pages 293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe an artwork observation training program proposed to the first-year psychiatry residents in the school of medicine of Montpellier-Nîmes (Université de Montpellier). This course aimed at improving the ability to observe, tolerate ambiguity in healthcare, work as a team, communicate, and develop empathy. We also evaluated the impact of this program on the enhancement of emotional and communication skills in a pilot study.
Materials and methods
The artwork observation program based on Visual Thinking Strategies consisted of three sessions of ninety minutes involving two groups of eight medical students. First-year volunteer psychiatry residents were recruited. Before the sessions participants completed the Groningen Reflection ability Scale to evaluate reflection skills. Then, all the participants examined paintings and drawings of the Atger collection, were encouraged to observe carefully, and to engage in active group discussion by means of a structured questioning. Following the session, participants responded to a short survey to assess potential improvement of socio-emotional and communication skills.
Results
Fifteen psychiatry residents participated in the pilot study, eight were males. The median age was twenty-five years. The artwork observation program was well accepted by the participants. All the respondents reported improvement of emotional and communication skills, except regarding three empathy items, including the ability to feel the suffering of others which was increased only for 62% of respondents.
Discussion
Our program relying on Visual Thinking Strategies may improve the ability to observe carefully, to perceive the mental states of others, and to tolerate uncertainty. Training of such skills may encourage the adoption of self-reflective attitudes.
Conclusions
Such an artistic innovative program should be extended to undergraduate students in medical curriculum.
目的：我们介绍了蒙彼利埃-尼姆大学（Université de Montpellier）医学院为一年级精神病学住院医师开设的艺术作品观察培训课程。该课程旨在提高住院医师的观察能力、对医疗服务中模糊性的耐受能力、团队合作能力、沟通能力和移情能力。我们还在一项试点研究中评估了该课程对提高情感和沟通技能的影响：基于 "视觉思维策略 "的艺术作品观察项目包括三节课，每节课九十分钟，每组八名医学生。此外，还招募了一年级的志愿精神病学住院医师。在课程开始前，参与者完成了格罗宁根反思能力量表，以评估反思能力。然后，所有参与者都观看了阿特热尔收藏的油画和素描，鼓励他们仔细观察，并通过有条理的提问参与积极的小组讨论。课程结束后，参与者回答了一份简短的调查问卷，以评估他们在社会情感和沟通技巧方面的潜在进步：15 名精神科住院医师参加了试点研究，其中 8 人为男性。年龄中位数为 25 岁。艺术作品观察项目得到了参与者的广泛认可。所有受访者都表示情感和沟通能力得到了提高，但三个移情项目除外，其中只有62%的受访者提高了感受他人痛苦的能力：讨论：我们的计划依靠视觉思维策略，可以提高仔细观察、感知他人心理状态和容忍不确定性的能力。结论：这种艺术创新项目应予以推广：这种艺术创新项目应推广到医学课程的本科生中。
{"title":"Learning to observe art to better understand the patients: A pilot study","authors":"Ismaël Conejero , Hélène Lorblanchet , Émilie Olié , Philippe Courtet","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We describe an artwork observation training program proposed to the first-year psychiatry residents in the school of medicine of Montpellier-Nîmes (Université de Montpellier). This course aimed at improving the ability to observe, tolerate ambiguity in healthcare, work as a team, communicate, and develop empathy. We also evaluated the impact of this program on the enhancement of emotional and communication skills in a pilot study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The artwork observation program based on Visual Thinking Strategies consisted of three sessions of ninety minutes involving two groups of eight medical students. First-year volunteer psychiatry residents were recruited. Before the sessions participants completed the Groningen Reflection ability Scale to evaluate reflection skills. Then, all the participants examined paintings and drawings of the Atger collection, were encouraged to observe carefully, and to engage in active group discussion by means of a structured questioning. Following the session, participants responded to a short survey to assess potential improvement of socio-emotional and communication skills.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen psychiatry residents participated in the pilot study, eight were males. The median age was twenty-five years. The artwork observation program was well accepted by the participants. All the respondents reported improvement of emotional and communication skills, except regarding three empathy items, including the ability to feel the suffering of others which was increased only for 62% of respondents.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our program relying on Visual Thinking Strategies may improve the ability to observe carefully, to perceive the mental states of others, and to tolerate uncertainty. Training of such skills may encourage the adoption of self-reflective attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Such an artistic innovative program should be extended to undergraduate students in medical curriculum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":"51 3","pages":"Pages 255-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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