Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127481
Shang Gao, Bo Ming, Lulu Li, Liangyu Hou, Keru Wang, Shunli Zhou, Ruizhi Xie, Shaokun Li
Grain filling and dehydration are synchronous but opposing processes in maize that occur during the process of grain development; large grains are often poorly dehydrated. The theoretical feasibility of coordinating grain filling and dehydration remains unclear. Here, we used an agronomic indicator, grain water weight, to analyze the relationship between grain filling and dehydration. Data from 61 maize cultivars and 8 sowing dates × 2 years were analyzed to elucidate the inherent water dynamics during grain filling. The results revealed four stages of water dynamics following grain filling: absorption, platform, pre-maturity dehydration, and post-maturity drying. Grains reached the maximum water weight and remained stable in the platform stage, which coincided with the rapid filling period and the maximum filling rate. Greater water weight at the platform stage was associated with a larger final grain weight, which indicates that the indicator can be considered as the criterion for high grain weight or yield potential. However, net water loss did not begin until the end of the platform stage. Water loss in the third stage was related to moisture content at maturity, and more and faster water loss means lower moisture content at maturity, so it may be a potential stage for targeted selection of grain dehydration characteristics. Overall, yield potential and grain dehydration appeared to be determined by different stages, and there may be no contradiction in directional selection of cultivars with both high yield potential and low moisture content at distinct grain-filling stages.
{"title":"Grain water weight dynamics and their relationships with grain filling in maize","authors":"Shang Gao, Bo Ming, Lulu Li, Liangyu Hou, Keru Wang, Shunli Zhou, Ruizhi Xie, Shaokun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127481","url":null,"abstract":"Grain filling and dehydration are synchronous but opposing processes in maize that occur during the process of grain development; large grains are often poorly dehydrated. The theoretical feasibility of coordinating grain filling and dehydration remains unclear. Here, we used an agronomic indicator, grain water weight, to analyze the relationship between grain filling and dehydration. Data from 61 maize cultivars and 8 sowing dates × 2 years were analyzed to elucidate the inherent water dynamics during grain filling. The results revealed four stages of water dynamics following grain filling: absorption, platform, pre-maturity dehydration, and post-maturity drying. Grains reached the maximum water weight and remained stable in the platform stage, which coincided with the rapid filling period and the maximum filling rate. Greater water weight at the platform stage was associated with a larger final grain weight, which indicates that the indicator can be considered as the criterion for high grain weight or yield potential. However, net water loss did not begin until the end of the platform stage. Water loss in the third stage was related to moisture content at maturity, and more and faster water loss means lower moisture content at maturity, so it may be a potential stage for targeted selection of grain dehydration characteristics. Overall, yield potential and grain dehydration appeared to be determined by different stages, and there may be no contradiction in directional selection of cultivars with both high yield potential and low moisture content at distinct grain-filling stages.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127461
Anselme K.K. Kouame, Prem S. Bindraban, Lamia Jallal, Benjamin Kwesie, Angela N.A.F. Anokye, Ashraf El Allali, William Adzawla
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop in Ghana. However, the variability of yields throughout the season and in space limits its potential to improve the lives of farmers.
{"title":"Effect of sulfur- and zinc-containing fertilizers on soybean yield and analysis of spatial and seasonal yield variability in Ghana, West Africa","authors":"Anselme K.K. Kouame, Prem S. Bindraban, Lamia Jallal, Benjamin Kwesie, Angela N.A.F. Anokye, Ashraf El Allali, William Adzawla","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127461","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean [<ce:italic>Glycine max</ce:italic> (L.) Merr<ce:italic>.</ce:italic>] is an important crop in Ghana. However, the variability of yields throughout the season and in space limits its potential to improve the lives of farmers.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127457
Marie Reimer, Henrik B. Møller, Peter Sørensen
Nutrient scarcity in organic farming is an important obstacle to the growth of the sector. This study aimed to design a novel anaerobic digestion system for enhancing nitrogen (N) availability and abundance by co-digestion of grass-clover biomass and cattle slurry and a series of post-treatments. The digestates were separated, and the solid fraction was dried and stripped of ammonia. By a novel approach, the liquid fraction was used in a desulfurizing filter for the biogas producing an acidic liquid that was enriched with ammonia resulting in a sulphur-nitrogen-rich fertilizer product (LiqNS). The fertilisers were assessed for their fertilizer value under organic field conditions by direct injection before sowing spring barley. Two field studies were conducted to compare the N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of cattle slurry, digestates from co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass-clover, the liquid fractions, the dried fibre fraction of digestates, LiqNS, and mineral fertilizers under organic crop management. A third field study also compared the effect of crop management practices (organic vs. conventional) on NFRV. The field trials showed that cattle slurry, co-digested digestates, liquid digestates, and LiqNS had high NFRV of 80–90 %, with liquid digestates showing consistent performance. Co-digestion of grass-clover and cattle slurry did not change NFRV significantly compared to untreated cattle slurry. Conversely, the dried fibre fraction (DF) exhibited negative NFRV in spring barley due to nitrogen immobilization but no negative yield effect in a N-fixing faba bean crop. Anaerobic mono-digestion of cattle slurry improved NFRV by 16 % compared to untreated cattle slurry. By organic crop management, higher NFRV was estimated than by conventional management, due to lower yield response to mineral fertilization by organic management (11.9 percentage points lower nitrogen use efficiency), but mostly similar responses to organic fertilization under organic and conventional management. A reason for this could be the use of surface application of mineral N fertilizer favouring weed growth in the organic system, while such effects were avoided in both systems by injection of the slurries. Anaerobic digestion and post-treatments of digestates are valuable methods for enhancing nutrient efficiency and availability in organic farming. However, assessing the N fertilizer value of organic manures requires careful consideration of experimental management practices. Additional research is necessary to understand the different responses to mineral N fertilizers by organic management.
{"title":"Utilization of cattle slurry, biogas digestates and separated digestates by injection to organically managed spring barley","authors":"Marie Reimer, Henrik B. Møller, Peter Sørensen","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127457","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient scarcity in organic farming is an important obstacle to the growth of the sector. This study aimed to design a novel anaerobic digestion system for enhancing nitrogen (N) availability and abundance by co-digestion of grass-clover biomass and cattle slurry and a series of post-treatments. The digestates were separated, and the solid fraction was dried and stripped of ammonia. By a novel approach, the liquid fraction was used in a desulfurizing filter for the biogas producing an acidic liquid that was enriched with ammonia resulting in a sulphur-nitrogen-rich fertilizer product (LiqNS). The fertilisers were assessed for their fertilizer value under organic field conditions by direct injection before sowing spring barley. Two field studies were conducted to compare the N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of cattle slurry, digestates from co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass-clover, the liquid fractions, the dried fibre fraction of digestates, LiqNS, and mineral fertilizers under organic crop management. A third field study also compared the effect of crop management practices (organic vs. conventional) on NFRV. The field trials showed that cattle slurry, co-digested digestates, liquid digestates, and LiqNS had high NFRV of 80–90 %, with liquid digestates showing consistent performance. Co-digestion of grass-clover and cattle slurry did not change NFRV significantly compared to untreated cattle slurry. Conversely, the dried fibre fraction (DF) exhibited negative NFRV in spring barley due to nitrogen immobilization but no negative yield effect in a N-fixing faba bean crop. Anaerobic mono-digestion of cattle slurry improved NFRV by 16 % compared to untreated cattle slurry. By organic crop management, higher NFRV was estimated than by conventional management, due to lower yield response to mineral fertilization by organic management (11.9 percentage points lower nitrogen use efficiency), but mostly similar responses to organic fertilization under organic and conventional management. A reason for this could be the use of surface application of mineral N fertilizer favouring weed growth in the organic system, while such effects were avoided in both systems by injection of the slurries. Anaerobic digestion and post-treatments of digestates are valuable methods for enhancing nutrient efficiency and availability in organic farming. However, assessing the N fertilizer value of organic manures requires careful consideration of experimental management practices. Additional research is necessary to understand the different responses to mineral N fertilizers by organic management.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127441
Jadesha G, Edel Castelino, P. Mahadevu, M.S. Kitturmath, H.C. Lohithaswa, Chikkappa G. Karjagi, Deepak D
Increasing use of machine-learning (ML) algorithms in plant disease forecasting is one-way to reduce the global crop yield losses caused by plant pathogens. This study focuses on forecasting maize downy mildew (MDM) and developing a web application to disseminate the information for taking early precautions. The susceptible maize genotype, African Tall, was planted each month from October 2018 to September 2022 in downy mildew sick soil maintained at the maize research plots, V.C Farm, Karnataka, India, yielding 48 disease cycles. A tripartite analysis involving host, pathogen, and weather parameters revealed that maximum temperature was the most influential factor with a feature importance score of 0.76 in the Random Forest algorithm. Other factors scored below 0.2, indicating relatively weaker contributions. Six machine-learning algorithms namely Decision Trees, Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, Bagging Regression and XGBoost Regression were evaluated to forecast MDM using eight performance indicators. The RF algorithm has given the best forecasting task with an R² of 0.97, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 3.78, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 11.83, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3.44, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 9.09 %, a Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (sMAPE) of 8.65 %, an Explained Variance Score (EVS) of 0.96, and a Mean Bias Deviation (MBD) of −0.29. JASS, a web tool for forecasting MDM outbreaks, was created using the Random Forest model. It provides real-time, weather-based forecasts to assist with proactive crop management. This study highlights the potential of ML in MDM forecasting and underscores the significance of user-friendly platforms like JASS in enhancing maize yield and ensuring food security. The web application is accessible at https://mdmpdi.pythonanywhere.com.
{"title":"Smart solutions for maize farmers: Machine learning-enabled web applications for downy mildew management and enhanced crop yield in India","authors":"Jadesha G, Edel Castelino, P. Mahadevu, M.S. Kitturmath, H.C. Lohithaswa, Chikkappa G. Karjagi, Deepak D","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127441","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing use of machine-learning (ML) algorithms in plant disease forecasting is one-way to reduce the global crop yield losses caused by plant pathogens. This study focuses on forecasting maize downy mildew (MDM) and developing a web application to disseminate the information for taking early precautions. The susceptible maize genotype, African Tall, was planted each month from October 2018 to September 2022 in downy mildew sick soil maintained at the maize research plots, V.C Farm, Karnataka, India, yielding 48 disease cycles. A tripartite analysis involving host, pathogen, and weather parameters revealed that maximum temperature was the most influential factor with a feature importance score of 0.76 in the Random Forest algorithm. Other factors scored below 0.2, indicating relatively weaker contributions. Six machine-learning algorithms namely Decision Trees, Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, Bagging Regression and XGBoost Regression were evaluated to forecast MDM using eight performance indicators. The RF algorithm has given the best forecasting task with an R² of 0.97, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 3.78, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 11.83, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3.44, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 9.09 %, a Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (sMAPE) of 8.65 %, an Explained Variance Score (EVS) of 0.96, and a Mean Bias Deviation (MBD) of −0.29. JASS, a web tool for forecasting MDM outbreaks, was created using the Random Forest model. It provides real-time, weather-based forecasts to assist with proactive crop management. This study highlights the potential of ML in MDM forecasting and underscores the significance of user-friendly platforms like JASS in enhancing maize yield and ensuring food security. The web application is accessible at <ce:inter-ref xlink:href=\"https://mdmpdi.pythonanywhere.com\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://mdmpdi.pythonanywhere.com</ce:inter-ref>.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127460
Keyu Xiang, Bin Wang, De Li Liu, Chao Chen, Fei Ji, Yanmin Yang, Siyi Li, Mingxia Huang, Alfredo Huete, Qiang Yu
The soil's variable capacity to store water, known as plant available water capacity (PAWC), may mitigate the adverse effects of drought on crop yields. Nonetheless, the extent to which this mitigation can decrease the probability of crop productivity loss under various drought scenarios, as well as the specific thresholds at which drought begins to restrict crop growth, remains unclear. In this study, we used the Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) model to simulate wheat growth and plant available water for 10 different soils with different PAWCs in the New South Wales (NSW) wheat belt, southeastern Australia. By combining copula functions, we estimated the probability of wheat biomass loss under various drought scenarios. We found that simulated wheat yield and biomass were elevated in areas characterized by soils with high PAWC. The probability of biomass loss decreased by 20–50 % as the PAWC of soil increased under various drought conditions. Moreover, the drought mitigation capacity of soils with higher PAWC demonstrated a more pronounced effect in high-rainfall areas compared to arid regions. We identified that the drought mitigation effects became weak when the PAWC threshold exceeded 207 mm. Adopting sustainable farming strategies is required to enhance soil water retention in the high-rainfall regions of the NSW wheat belt, thereby minimizing the risk of crop biomass losses. The framework presented in this study is intended to offer valuable guidance to stakeholders seeking to improve management strategies for sustaining wheat production in dryland agricultural regions.
{"title":"Soil with high plant available water capacity can mitigate the risk of wheat growth under drought conditions in southeastern Australia","authors":"Keyu Xiang, Bin Wang, De Li Liu, Chao Chen, Fei Ji, Yanmin Yang, Siyi Li, Mingxia Huang, Alfredo Huete, Qiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127460","url":null,"abstract":"The soil's variable capacity to store water, known as plant available water capacity (PAWC), may mitigate the adverse effects of drought on crop yields. Nonetheless, the extent to which this mitigation can decrease the probability of crop productivity loss under various drought scenarios, as well as the specific thresholds at which drought begins to restrict crop growth, remains unclear. In this study, we used the Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) model to simulate wheat growth and plant available water for 10 different soils with different PAWCs in the New South Wales (NSW) wheat belt, southeastern Australia. By combining copula functions, we estimated the probability of wheat biomass loss under various drought scenarios. We found that simulated wheat yield and biomass were elevated in areas characterized by soils with high PAWC. The probability of biomass loss decreased by 20–50 % as the PAWC of soil increased under various drought conditions. Moreover, the drought mitigation capacity of soils with higher PAWC demonstrated a more pronounced effect in high-rainfall areas compared to arid regions. We identified that the drought mitigation effects became weak when the PAWC threshold exceeded 207 mm. Adopting sustainable farming strategies is required to enhance soil water retention in the high-rainfall regions of the NSW wheat belt, thereby minimizing the risk of crop biomass losses. The framework presented in this study is intended to offer valuable guidance to stakeholders seeking to improve management strategies for sustaining wheat production in dryland agricultural regions.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127458
Johannes L. Jensen, Carsten S. Malisch, Henrik Thers, Jørgen Eriksen
Grassland leys are valuable for improving the performance of agricultural production systems. Multispecies mixtures have been proposed as a means of improving yields and reducing weed pressure in temporary grasslands, but the effect is influenced by both the length of the grass phase and fertilization. Based on a long-term organic dairy crop rotation experiment with four years of grass-clover in a six-course rotation, we tested the benefits of multispecies grassland leys (3- or 12-species) on herbage yield, crude protein content and weed suppression in one- to four-year-old leys with different cattle slurry inputs (0–300 kg total-N ha−1) over two years. Herbage yield and crude protein content were maintained as species diversity was increased, but the proportion of weeds was reduced. Weed suppression was most pronounced in the four-year-old swards, where a reduction from 18.5 % to 11.0 % was observed. Irrespective of the mixture, increasing the slurry application rate increased herbage yield, reduced the proportion of legumes and increased the proportion of grasses. The proportion of forbs in the 12-species mixture remained stable across N rates. The most abundant additional species in the 12-species mixture were plantain, chicory, caraway, and for longer leys, lucerne. Nevertheless, ryegrass and white clover accounted for 54–84 % of the herbage yield in the 12-species mixtures across the combinations of year, N rate and sward age. This indicates that establishing very diverse mixtures in productive grassland leys for cutting may be challenging and highlights the need for studies focusing on increasing the evenness of diverse mixtures.
{"title":"Adding forbs and legumes to a grass-clover mixture suppressed weeds and maintained herbage yield and crude protein content across slurry application rates","authors":"Johannes L. Jensen, Carsten S. Malisch, Henrik Thers, Jørgen Eriksen","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127458","url":null,"abstract":"Grassland leys are valuable for improving the performance of agricultural production systems. Multispecies mixtures have been proposed as a means of improving yields and reducing weed pressure in temporary grasslands, but the effect is influenced by both the length of the grass phase and fertilization. Based on a long-term organic dairy crop rotation experiment with four years of grass-clover in a six-course rotation, we tested the benefits of multispecies grassland leys (3- or 12-species) on herbage yield, crude protein content and weed suppression in one- to four-year-old leys with different cattle slurry inputs (0–300 kg total-N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) over two years. Herbage yield and crude protein content were maintained as species diversity was increased, but the proportion of weeds was reduced. Weed suppression was most pronounced in the four-year-old swards, where a reduction from 18.5 % to 11.0 % was observed. Irrespective of the mixture, increasing the slurry application rate increased herbage yield, reduced the proportion of legumes and increased the proportion of grasses. The proportion of forbs in the 12-species mixture remained stable across N rates. The most abundant additional species in the 12-species mixture were plantain, chicory, caraway, and for longer leys, lucerne. Nevertheless, ryegrass and white clover accounted for 54–84 % of the herbage yield in the 12-species mixtures across the combinations of year, N rate and sward age. This indicates that establishing very diverse mixtures in productive grassland leys for cutting may be challenging and highlights the need for studies focusing on increasing the evenness of diverse mixtures.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigation toward the understanding of the influence of organic amendment input (OAI) on soil quality and crop productivity is essential for farmland management and sustainable development. A systematic review of 196 research articles was conducted focusing on the application of organic amendments to saline-alkali land, resulting in a dataset comprising 1425 pairs of observations for meta-analysis across various experimental types, crops, organic amendments, and soil layers. These findings indicated that OAI markedly strengthened the ecosystems of saline-alkali land. Specifically, (1) soil salinization was substantially reduced: soil electrical conductivity, pH, and salt content decreased by 23.6 %, 2.3 %, and 20.9 %, respectively, as compared with treatment without organic amendment, while cation exchange capacity increased by 22.7 %. (2) Soil nutrient levels substantially increased: OAI induced increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content by 50.0 %, 55.1 %, 25.6 %, 31.3 %, 58.9 %, and 41.3 %, respectively. (3) Crop productivity increased: crop yield and aboveground biomass increased by 36.5 % and 46.2 %, respectively, under OAI. Furthermore, the results of our subgroup analyses of different organic amendments revealed that biochar, farmyard manure, and compost had superior comprehensive benefits for the saline-alkali land ecosystems as compared with other organic amendments. However, crop residues and biofertilizers were also widely used, increasing both soil quality and crop productivity. Given the global agricultural challenges faced by large-scale production on saline-alkali land, our study has critical implications for enhancing both the quality and systemic productivity of saline-alkali soils, offering theoretical guidance for future scientific inquiries aimed at identifying optimal strategies to strengthen ecosystem functions within these regions through the use of organic amendments.
{"title":"Trade-offs of organic amendment input on soil quality and crop productivity in saline-alkali land globally: A meta-analysis","authors":"Tong Li, Shengnan Wang, Shengli Liu, Xianliang Zhang, Helin Dong, Shuai Dai, Liying Chai, Hui Li, Yulong Lv, Tianwei Li, Qi Gao, Guorui Li, Xiongfeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127471","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation toward the understanding of the influence of organic amendment input (OAI) on soil quality and crop productivity is essential for farmland management and sustainable development. A systematic review of 196 research articles was conducted focusing on the application of organic amendments to saline-alkali land, resulting in a dataset comprising 1425 pairs of observations for meta-analysis across various experimental types, crops, organic amendments, and soil layers. These findings indicated that OAI markedly strengthened the ecosystems of saline-alkali land. Specifically, (1) soil salinization was substantially reduced: soil electrical conductivity, pH, and salt content decreased by 23.6 %, 2.3 %, and 20.9 %, respectively, as compared with treatment without organic amendment, while cation exchange capacity increased by 22.7 %. (2) Soil nutrient levels substantially increased: OAI induced increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content by 50.0 %, 55.1 %, 25.6 %, 31.3 %, 58.9 %, and 41.3 %, respectively. (3) Crop productivity increased: crop yield and aboveground biomass increased by 36.5 % and 46.2 %, respectively, under OAI. Furthermore, the results of our subgroup analyses of different organic amendments revealed that biochar, farmyard manure, and compost had superior comprehensive benefits for the saline-alkali land ecosystems as compared with other organic amendments. However, crop residues and biofertilizers were also widely used, increasing both soil quality and crop productivity. Given the global agricultural challenges faced by large-scale production on saline-alkali land, our study has critical implications for enhancing both the quality and systemic productivity of saline-alkali soils, offering theoretical guidance for future scientific inquiries aimed at identifying optimal strategies to strengthen ecosystem functions within these regions through the use of organic amendments.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silage maize (Zea mays L.) is a prominent forage crop in arid regions where water scarcity and the need for optimized nitrogen (N) fertilizer use pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and sustainability. Interseeding leguminous cover crops with silage maize can enhance sustainable soil development and improve N management through biological N fixation. However, the competition interactions between silage maize and cover crops under constrained water-N conditions remains uncertain. This study conducted a three-year field experiment of interseeding leguminous cover crops with silage maize under varying drip fertigation conditions. The treatments included three types of leguminous cover crops-red clover (TP, Trifolium pretense L.), common vetch (VS, Vicia sativa L.), and hairy vetch (VV, Vicia villosa Roth)-combined with two N application rates (N1: 120 kg N ha−1 and N2: 180 kg N ha−1 and two irrigation levels (W1: 75 % of ETc and W2: 100 % ETc). The results showed that interseeding did not significantly inhabit plant height, stem diameter, and relative leaf chlorophyll content of silage maize compared to no covers (P>0.05). Under identical water and N conditions, the hay yield of maize interseeded with VV was significantly higher by 15.3 %-21.9 % compared to no covers (P<0.05), and the hay yield of the interseeding system vetch was significantly higher by 22.7 %-28.4 % (P<0.05). Specifically, under VV, W2N1 decreased actual evapotranspiration (ETa) by 2.1 %-12.9 % (P >0.05), and increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 8.6 %-12.5 % (P>0.05) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) by 24.1 %-43.3 % (P<0.05) compared to W2N2. Dry matter of cover crops, which contributed to the increases in PFPN and WUE, ranged from 0.8 to1.2 Mg ha−1. Structural equation modeling indicated that the N application was the most important influencing the interseeding system. In conclusion, a 100 % ETc irrigation amount and a 120 kg N ha−1 N application rate in a silage maize-hairy vetch interseeding system can effectively increase forage yield and enhance water and N utilization efficiencies in the arid region.
{"title":"Can interseeding leguminous cover crops inhibit silage maize growth and reduce water-nitrogen use efficiency in arid region?","authors":"Meng Li, Shicheng Yan, Liubing Yin, Liang Sun, Weizhe Liu, Shu Zhang, Xinyu Xie, Xiaoxue Wang, Wenting Wang, Wanhe Zhu, Shenghua Chang, Fujiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127443","url":null,"abstract":"Silage maize (<ce:italic>Zea mays</ce:italic> L.) is a prominent forage crop in arid regions where water scarcity and the need for optimized nitrogen (N) fertilizer use pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and sustainability. Interseeding leguminous cover crops with silage maize can enhance sustainable soil development and improve N management through biological N fixation. However, the competition interactions between silage maize and cover crops under constrained water-N conditions remains uncertain. This study conducted a three-year field experiment of interseeding leguminous cover crops with silage maize under varying drip fertigation conditions. The treatments included three types of leguminous cover crops-red clover (TP, <ce:italic>Trifolium pretense</ce:italic> L.), common vetch (VS, <ce:italic>Vicia sativa</ce:italic> L.), and hairy vetch (VV, <ce:italic>Vicia villosa</ce:italic> Roth)-combined with two N application rates (N1: 120 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and N2: 180 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and two irrigation levels (W1: 75 % of ET<ce:inf loc=\"post\">c</ce:inf> and W2: 100 % ET<ce:inf loc=\"post\">c</ce:inf>). The results showed that interseeding did not significantly inhabit plant height, stem diameter, and relative leaf chlorophyll content of silage maize compared to no covers (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic>>0.05). Under identical water and N conditions, the hay yield of maize interseeded with VV was significantly higher by 15.3 %-21.9 % compared to no covers (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic><0.05), and the hay yield of the interseeding system vetch was significantly higher by 22.7 %-28.4 % (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic><0.05). Specifically, under VV, W2N1 decreased actual evapotranspiration (ET<ce:inf loc=\"post\">a</ce:inf>) by 2.1 %-12.9 % (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> >0.05), and increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 8.6 %-12.5 % (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic>>0.05) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) by 24.1 %-43.3 % (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic><0.05) compared to W2N2. Dry matter of cover crops, which contributed to the increases in PFPN and WUE, ranged from 0.8 to1.2 Mg ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. Structural equation modeling indicated that the N application was the most important influencing the interseeding system. In conclusion, a 100 % ET<ce:inf loc=\"post\">c</ce:inf> irrigation amount and a 120 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> N application rate in a silage maize-hairy vetch interseeding system can effectively increase forage yield and enhance water and N utilization efficiencies in the arid region.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127442
Mo Li, Lijuan Wang, Vijay P. Singh, Yingshan Chen, Haiyan Li, Tianxiao Li, Zhaoqiang Zhou, Qiang Fu
The effective, environmentally friendly, and optimally deployed management of regional agricultural water resources is crucial to ensuring food security and the sustainable use of water resources in the face of challenging agricultural issues, such as increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water scarcity, and rapid population and economic growth. In this study, a multiobjective model for the optimal distribution of regional agricultural water resources was built, using the GIS-DSSAT and GIS-DNDC models, to simulate the regional spatial raster crop growth process and carbon emission process. The model allowed for the creation of synergies in both crop production and emission reduction. The model was solved using a fuzzy planning algorithm, and applied to the main Sanjiang Plain grain production area in Heilongjiang Province, yielding the best water allocation scheme and a set of planting structure adjustment schemes for the main grain crops of rice, maize, and soybeans in 1074 Sanjiang Plain response units. In contrast to the current method, which relies heavily on soil and water resources, the model developed in this paper reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 10 %, energy consumption by 14.4 %, and regional irrigation water use by 34.48 %. It achieved the dual goal of reducing GHG emissions and conserving water, while increasing the synergy between increased regional food production and decreased emissions by 21 % compared to the status quo. Climate change will pose series of challenges to agricultural production, particularly the arable land and water resource usage. By optimizing cropping structures and irrigation systems, climate-adaptive management can not only reduce the area of arable land and water consumption, but also decrease carbon emissions; for the SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios, this trend resulted in increases in economic benefits of 2.4 % and 3.3 %, respectively, and decreases in carbon emission scenarios of 14.6 % and 20.7 %, respectively. The yields and GHG emissions of the response units were sensitive to these changes. This study offers decision-making support for the intense, effective, and low-carbon management of water resources.
{"title":"Green and efficient fine control of regional irrigation water use coupled with crop growth-carbon emission processes","authors":"Mo Li, Lijuan Wang, Vijay P. Singh, Yingshan Chen, Haiyan Li, Tianxiao Li, Zhaoqiang Zhou, Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127442","url":null,"abstract":"The effective, environmentally friendly, and optimally deployed management of regional agricultural water resources is crucial to ensuring food security and the sustainable use of water resources in the face of challenging agricultural issues, such as increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water scarcity, and rapid population and economic growth. In this study, a multiobjective model for the optimal distribution of regional agricultural water resources was built, using the GIS-DSSAT and GIS-DNDC models, to simulate the regional spatial raster crop growth process and carbon emission process. The model allowed for the creation of synergies in both crop production and emission reduction. The model was solved using a fuzzy planning algorithm, and applied to the main Sanjiang Plain grain production area in Heilongjiang Province, yielding the best water allocation scheme and a set of planting structure adjustment schemes for the main grain crops of rice, maize, and soybeans in 1074 Sanjiang Plain response units. In contrast to the current method, which relies heavily on soil and water resources, the model developed in this paper reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 10 %, energy consumption by 14.4 %, and regional irrigation water use by 34.48 %. It achieved the dual goal of reducing GHG emissions and conserving water, while increasing the synergy between increased regional food production and decreased emissions by 21 % compared to the status quo. Climate change will pose series of challenges to agricultural production, particularly the arable land and water resource usage. By optimizing cropping structures and irrigation systems, climate-adaptive management can not only reduce the area of arable land and water consumption, but also decrease carbon emissions; for the SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios, this trend resulted in increases in economic benefits of 2.4 % and 3.3 %, respectively, and decreases in carbon emission scenarios of 14.6 % and 20.7 %, respectively. The yields and GHG emissions of the response units were sensitive to these changes. This study offers decision-making support for the intense, effective, and low-carbon management of water resources.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a main pathway of nitrogen (N) loss from rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddies, which results in lower N use efficiency (NUE) and greater risk of environmental pollution. Excessive N fertilization has a negative effect on yield sustainability and NUE to varying degrees. NH3 emissions are affected by many factors, and the climatic conditions and planting patterns of rice fields in Northeast China are different from those in other regions, resulting in the specificity of NH3 emissions in this region. The current two-year field experiment studied the effects of different N application levels, 0, 75, 105, 135 and 165 kg N ha−1, on NH3 emissions and the related factors affecting NH3 volatilization loss and their relationships. The results demonstrated that the loss of NH3 from volatilization and the ratio of NH3 volatilization to N application increased with increasing N fertilizer application. The NH3 losses resulting from basal N fertilizer, first N topdressing and second N topdressing accounted for 35.29–59.59 %, 29.32–59.66 % and 3.08–26.49 %, respectively, of the seasonal cumulative NH3 volatilization. The seasonal cumulative NH3 volatilization from the N application treatments accounted for 0.32–0.64 % and 1.84–2.40 %, respectively, of the applied N fertilizer. The main factor influencing NH3 volatilization was the surface water ammonium-N (NH4+-N) concentration (p<0.01); precipitation inhibited the volatilization of NH3, and surface water pH fluctuated the least. There was a linear plateau between yield and N application, and a quadratic relationship between NUE and N application. Compared with the N135 and N165 treatments, lower N application increased NUE and significantly reduced NH3 volatilization losses while maintaining yield. Our research revealed that an appropriate decrease in N fertilizer application in Northeast China paddy fields could meet agronomic and environmental goals, and the appropriate N fertilizer application rate for our experiment was approximately 125 kg N ha−1.
{"title":"The optimized nitrogen rate reduced ammonia emissions from rice paddies in the cold region of Northeast China","authors":"Shiting Bi, Pengfei Li, Jiarui Lv, Qiang Dong, Xiangyu Luo, Yeqi Che, Muhammad Rehman Naseer, Zhilei Liu, Cailian Yu, Xianlong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127444","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) volatilization is a main pathway of nitrogen (N) loss from rice (<ce:italic>Oryza sativa</ce:italic> L.) paddies, which results in lower N use efficiency (NUE) and greater risk of environmental pollution. Excessive N fertilization has a negative effect on yield sustainability and NUE to varying degrees. NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> emissions are affected by many factors, and the climatic conditions and planting patterns of rice fields in Northeast China are different from those in other regions, resulting in the specificity of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> emissions in this region. The current two-year field experiment studied the effects of different N application levels, 0, 75, 105, 135 and 165 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, on NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> emissions and the related factors affecting NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> volatilization loss and their relationships. The results demonstrated that the loss of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> from volatilization and the ratio of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> volatilization to N application increased with increasing N fertilizer application. The NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> losses resulting from basal N fertilizer, first N topdressing and second N topdressing accounted for 35.29–59.59 %, 29.32–59.66 % and 3.08–26.49 %, respectively, of the seasonal cumulative NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> volatilization. The seasonal cumulative NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> volatilization from the N application treatments accounted for 0.32–0.64 % and 1.84–2.40 %, respectively, of the applied N fertilizer. The main factor influencing NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> volatilization was the surface water ammonium-N (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-N) concentration (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><0.01); precipitation inhibited the volatilization of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, and surface water pH fluctuated the least. There was a linear plateau between yield and N application, and a quadratic relationship between NUE and N application. Compared with the N135 and N165 treatments, lower N application increased NUE and significantly reduced NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> volatilization losses while maintaining yield. Our research revealed that an appropriate decrease in N fertilizer application in Northeast China paddy fields could meet agronomic and environmental goals, and the appropriate N fertilizer application rate for our experiment was approximately 125 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>.","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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