European Journal of Agronomy最新文献_第10页

Legume-cereal mixed culture as green manure enhanced the yield stability of baby Chinese cabbage via disease suppressing 豆粕混交绿肥通过抑制病害提高了小白菜产量的稳定性

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127956

Zhilong Fan , Yunyou Nan , Wen Yin , Falong Hu , Cai Zhao , Hong Fan , Xiaohua Yan , Weidong Cao , Qiang Chai

Global agriculture must enhance productivity while mitigating environmental degradation, particularly in intensive vegetable systems vulnerable to soil-borne diseases and nutrient imbalances. A seven-year field study (2018–2024) in Northwest China’s arid irrigation region was conducted to investigate the efficacy of legume-cereal green manure mixed cultures in suppressing the soft rot and the tipburn in baby Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis cv. ‘Wawacai’), while improving soil health and yield stability. Six green manure regimes—common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (CV), hairy vetch (Vicia vilosa Roth.) (HV), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (BL), and their mixed cultures (CV×BL, CV×HV, HV×BL)—were evaluated against post-harvest fallow (CF) in a randomized block design. The CV×BL emerged as the most effective intervention, significantly reducing the incidence rate by 20.7–72.4 % for soft rot and by 27.5–80.2 % for tipburn compared to CF, outperforming monocultures and other mixed cultures. Structural equation modeling revealed that yield stability was not only due to direct growth promotion from improved soil properties, but was substantially driven by the effective suppression of soft rot and tipburn. Consequently, CV×BL significantly increased yield by 22.4 % and improved yield stability by 3.6-fold relative to CF. These findings establish legume-cereal mixtures as sustainable alternatives to chemical-intensive practices, effectively addressing soil degradation and disease pressure in arid intensive systems. The common vetch and barley mixed culture as green manure specifically offers a scalable solution for reconciling productivity and sustainability in vegetable production through its dual capacity for disease suppression and yield stabilization.

全球农业必须在提高生产力的同时减轻环境退化，特别是在易受土壤传播疾病和养分失衡影响的集约化蔬菜系统中。在西北干旱灌区进行了为期7年（2018-2024）的豆豆-谷物绿肥混合培养对小白菜软腐病和赤烧病的防治效果研究。学报的履历。‘ Wawacai ’)，同时改善土壤健康和产量稳定性。六种绿肥方案-普通豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）（CV），毛豌豆（Vicia vilosa Roth）。（HV），大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）（BL）及其混合培养物（CV×BL, CV×HV, HV×BL）在收获后休耕（CF）中进行随机区组设计。CV×BL是最有效的干预措施，与CF相比，软腐病的发病率显著降低20.7-72.4 %，烧伤的发病率显著降低27.5-80.2 %，优于单一培养和其他混合培养。结构方程模型表明，产量稳定不仅是由于土壤性质的改善直接促进了生长，而且在很大程度上是由有效抑制软腐病和倒烧所驱动的。因此，CV×BL与CF相比，产量显著提高22.4% %，产量稳定性提高3.6倍。这些发现确立了豆类-谷物混合物作为化学密集型做法的可持续替代品，有效解决干旱集约化系统中的土壤退化和疾病压力。作为绿肥的普通豌豆和大麦混合栽培通过其抑制疾病和稳定产量的双重能力，为协调蔬菜生产的生产力和可持续性提供了一种可扩展的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Film-mulched drip irrigation in the main potato production areas of Northern China: Assessing future yield, greenhouse gas emissions and drivers under climate change 中国北方马铃薯主产区地膜滴灌：气候变化下未来产量、温室气体排放及驱动因素评估

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127924

Qiaoling Liu , Jianyu Zhao , Fengxin Wang , Kaijing Yang , Jialu Dai , Bin Yang

Climate change threatens global agriculture through extreme weather and shifting growing conditions. Potatoes, a critical staple crop, face challenges like heat stress and water scarcity. Optimising agronomic practices, such as drip irrigation and film mulching, is critical to achieving climate-smart potato production and ensuring food security. During 2021–2100, the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model were comprehensively used to assess the effects of drip irrigation with and without film mulching on potato yield and global warming potential (GWP) under different future climate scenarios in the main potato producing areas of northern China. The results indicated that the DNDC model could effectively predict potato growth and emissions of nitrous oxide and methane (adjusted R² > 0.81, normalized root mean square error < 0.20). Compared to without film mulching (NM), the aboveground biomass and tuber yield were increased under drip irrigation with film mulch (TM), with the mean annual tuber yield of potatoes being 6.2 %-7.4 % higher under multiple emission scenarios. The GWP of TM increased by 1.1–1.4 times, and the net GWP offset decreased by 9.4 %-16.3 %. The MGWR analysis showed that precipitation had a significant positive effect on tuber yield in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia, while temperature was the main negative influence on yield in Shaanxi. The main drivers of GWP were temperature and precipitation, with significant differences between regions. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing management strategies to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change on potato production, emphasizing the need to strike a balance between increasing yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

气候变化通过极端天气和变化的生长条件威胁着全球农业。马铃薯是一种重要的主要作物，面临着热应激和缺水等挑战。优化滴灌和地膜覆盖等农业实践，对于实现气候智能型马铃薯生产和确保粮食安全至关重要。采用2021-2100年反硝化分解（DNDC）模型和多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）模型，综合评估了覆盖和不覆盖滴灌在未来不同气候情景下对中国北方马铃薯主产区马铃薯产量和全球变暖潜势（GWP）的影响。结果表明，DNDC模型能有效预测马铃薯生长及氮氧化物和甲烷排放（调整后R2 >； 0.81，标准化均方根误差<； 0.20）。与不覆盖地膜（NM）相比，覆盖地膜滴灌（TM）提高了马铃薯地上生物量和块茎产量，在多种排放情景下，马铃薯块茎年产量平均提高了6.2 % ~ 7.4 %。TM的GWP增加了1.1 ~ 1.4倍，净GWP抵消减少了9.4 % ~ 16.3 %。MGWR分析表明，在内蒙古、甘肃和宁夏，降水对块茎产量有显著的正向影响，而在陕西，温度是主要的负向影响。全球升温潜能值的主要驱动因子是温度和降水，区域间差异显著。这些发现为制定适应和减轻气候变化对马铃薯生产影响的管理策略提供了科学依据，强调了在提高产量和减少温室气体排放之间取得平衡的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the regional dynamics of straw mulching and incorporation on crop yields in Northeast China 东北地区秸秆还田对作物产量影响的区域动态分析

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127943

Ying Song , Zhijie Li , Xiaoling He , Jiaqiong Zhang , Jinxia Fu , Fenli Zheng , Zhi Li

Selecting an appropriate straw return method is crucial for enhancing crop productivity and promoting sustainable agriculture in the black soil region of Northeast China. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of different straw return methods on crop yield, and their regional applicability has not yet been established. This study integrates machine learning approaches and meta-analysis to assess the impact of straw mulch (SM) and straw incorporation (SI) on crop yields under varying climate, soils, and agricultural management conditions in Northeast China’s drylands. Straw return overall increases crop yield by ∼5 %, among which SM and SI have similar mean contributions to yield improvements (5 % vs 4 %). The effects of two straw return methods vary with environmental conditions; specifically, SM outperforms SI under low temperatures (mean annual temperature MAT <6 ℃), drought (mean annual precipitation MAP <600 mm), and moderate erosion (mean annual soil erosion ASE 0.5–2 t/ha), but SI has better effects with high temperatures (MAT >6 ℃), high precipitation (MAP >600 mm), and severe erosion (ASE >2 t/ha). SM achieves the highest yield benefit (8 %) under moderate straw return amounts (6000–10,000 kg/ha), whereas SI performs the best (6 %) at low straw return amounts (< 6000 kg/ha). Furthermore, the yield-enhancing effects of both methods intensifies with increasing experimental duration, with SI's effect gradually and consistently surpassing that of SM. Spatial prediction results reveal that the overall extent of yield increase for SI is 9 %, with higher increasing yield potential observed in the southwest and southeast regions, while the extent of yield increase for SM is lower, at only 3 %. This study elucidates the differentiated yield-enhancing effects of different straw return methods in the black soil region, providing a scientific basis for precision agricultural management and sustainable utilization of black soil in Northeast China and other similar regions.

选择合适的秸秆还田方式对提高东北黑土区作物生产力和促进农业可持续发展至关重要。然而，很少有研究评估不同秸秆还田方式对作物产量的影响，其区域适用性尚未建立。本研究结合机器学习方法和荟萃分析，评估了在不同气候、土壤和农业管理条件下，秸秆覆盖（SM）和秸秆还田（SI）对中国东北旱地作物产量的影响。秸秆还田总体提高作物产量约5 %，其中秸秆还田和秸秆还田对产量提高的平均贡献相似（5 % vs 4 %）。两种秸秆还田方式的效果随环境条件的不同而不同；其中，在低温（年平均气温MAT <；6℃）、干旱（年平均降水量MAP <；600 mm）、中度侵蚀（年平均水土流失ASE 0.5-2 t/ha）条件下，土壤土壤保护优于土壤土壤保护，但在高温（MAT >6℃）、高降水（MAP >600 mm）、严重侵蚀（ASE >2 t/ha）条件下，土壤土壤保护效果更好。在中等秸秆还田量（6,000 - 10,000 kg/ha）下，SM的产量效益最高（8 %），而SI在低秸秆还田量（< 6000 kg/ha）下表现最佳（6 %）。此外，两种方法的增产效果都随着试验时间的延长而增强，SI的增产效果逐渐且持续地超过SM。空间预测结果表明，西南和东南地区单稻增产潜力较大，单稻整体增产幅度为9 %，单稻增产幅度较小，仅为3 %。本研究阐明了不同秸秆还田方式在黑土地区的差异化增产效果，为东北及类似地区黑土的精准农业管理和可持续利用提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

On-farm fertilization experiment on small-scale cocoa farms in Côte d′Ivoire: Evaluation of poultry litter compost for sustainable yield and profitability Côte科特迪瓦小型可可农场的农场施肥试验：评估家禽垃圾堆肥的可持续产量和盈利能力

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127878

Sibylle Lustenberger , Bassirou Bonfoh , Bognan Valentin Koné , Johan Six , Günther Fink

<div><h3>Context</h3><div>In Côte d’Ivoire, cocoa is primarily produced on small-scale monoculture plantations as the main source of income for much of the rural population. Fertilization of cocoa farms remains uncommon, and long-term production without fertilization contributes to soil degradation. The ongoing decrease in productivity on small-scale cocoa farms undermines producers’ livelihoods and aggravates poverty. Poultry litter compost from the emerging poultry industry bares potential as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers, but its effectiveness and profitability for cocoa production remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our study aimed to compare productivity and profitability effects of mineral-, compost-, and mixed fertilizers on a representative sample of established small-scale, age-diverse cocoa fields.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our randomized controlled on-farm experiment included 120 farmers’ cocoa fields in central Côte d’Ivoire to assess productivity and profitability of three fertilizer options over one production cycle: Organic- (composted poultry litter, 71 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>y<sup>−1</sup>), mineral- (marketed NPK+, 15 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>y<sup>−1</sup>), and 50:50 combined organic and mineral fertilization (43 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>y<sup>−1</sup>). Experimental plots comprised three cocoa trees per treatment and trees were fertilized twice before trees’ main harvest yields were measured. We estimated bean dry weights, annual yields and financial incomes per hectare. Treatment differences in yield and market value per hectare were tested using linear mixed-effects models, and report value-to-cost ratio (VCR = additional cocoa market value divided by total fertilization cost) of treatments’ projected annual harvests. We predicted compost fertilization VCR under both low-end and high-end price scenarios to account for regional variation in commercialization of poultry litter sale and resulting price variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Organic fertilization led to the highest increase of main harvest productivity (+ 190 kg dryweight per ha (dw), 38 %) followed by mixed fertilization (+ 145 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> dw, 31 %) and mineral fertilization (+ 118 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> dw, 22 %). Organic fertilization showed a high positive return on investment (VCR<sub>l</sub> = 3.08, CI = 1.94, 4.22) in the low cost scenario of USD 104 ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>, but not when high costs were assumed (VCR<sub>h</sub> = 0.94, CI = 0.59, 1.29, USD 342 ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>). The value-to-cost ratio was below one for both the mixed (VCR<sub>l</sub> = 0.88, CI = 0.47, 1.29, USD 290 and VCR<sub>h</sub> = 0.62, CI = 0.33, 0.91, USD 409 ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>) and the mineral fertilizer (VCR = 0.26, CI = 0.01, 0.51, USD 460 ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study provides first experimental evidence of the effectiveness

在Côte科特迪瓦，可可主要由小规模单一种植种植园生产，是大部分农村人口的主要收入来源。可可农场很少施肥，长期不施肥的生产会导致土壤退化。小规模可可农场的生产力持续下降，破坏了生产者的生计，加剧了贫困。新兴家禽业的家禽垃圾堆肥具有作为矿物肥料的可持续替代品的潜力，但其对可可生产的有效性和盈利能力尚不清楚。我们的研究旨在比较矿物肥料、堆肥肥料和混合肥料对已建立的小规模、年龄不同的可可田的代表性样本的生产力和盈利能力的影响。方法采用随机对照的农场试验方法，在Côte科特迪瓦中部120个农户的可可田进行试验，以评估三种肥料方案在一个生产周期内的生产力和盈利能力：有机肥料（堆肥家禽粪便，71 kg N ha−1y−1）、矿物肥料（市场销售的氮磷钾+，15 kg N ha−1y−1）和50:50有机和矿物联合施肥（43 kg N ha−1y−1）。试验田每处理三棵可可树，在测量树的主要收获产量之前，对树进行两次施肥。我们估计了每公顷豆子的干重、年产量和财政收入。使用线性混合效应模型测试了每公顷产量和市场价值的处理差异，并报告了处理的预计年收成的价值成本比（VCR =额外的可可市场价值除以总施肥成本）。我们预测了低端和高端价格情景下的堆肥施肥VCR，以解释家禽产仔销售商业化的区域差异和由此产生的价格差异。结果与结论有机肥对主要收获生产力的提高最大（+ 190 kg / hw, 38 %），其次是混肥（+ 145 kg ha−1 dw, 31 %）和矿肥（+ 118 kg ha−1 dw, 22 %）。在104美元 ha−1 y−1的低成本情况下，有机肥显示出较高的正投资回报率（VCRh = 3.08, CI = 1.94, 4.22），但在高成本情况下则不是这样（VCRh = 0.94, CI = 0.59, 1.29, 342美元 ha−1 y−1）。混合肥料（VCR = 0.88, CI = 0.47, 1.29, USD 290, VCRh = 0.62, CI = 0.33, 0.91, USD 409 ha−1 y−1）和矿物肥（VCR = 0.26, CI = 0.01, 0.51, USD 460 ha−1 y−1）的价值成本比均低于1。本研究首次为小规模可可种植中禽畜堆肥有机施肥的有效性和效益提供了实验证据。虽然施肥对提高生产力和收入至关重要，但普遍较低的VCR突出表明，可可豆的农场价格不足，这阻碍了大多数经过试验的施肥策略的有利可图的采用。关键的政策建议包括确保适当的农场收购价，为投入成本和物流提供有针对性的补贴，以及促进推广服务，鼓励农民在田间试用肥料。需要进一步的研究，包括长期的农场试验和对农民认为采用肥料的障碍的定性研究，为支持可可农业生态系统的肥力和恢复力的有效政策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Agronomic and physiological responses of mature ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon grafted onto Diospyros lotus and Diospyros virginiana under spring-regulated deficit irrigation in Mediterranean conditions 地中海条件下春调亏灌条件下成熟‘Rojo Brillante’柿子嫁接莲花和弗吉尼亚柿的农艺和生理响应

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127947

Armand Román , Pablo González-Altozano , Pau Martí , Luis Bonet , María Amparo Martínez-Gimeno , Eduardo Badal

This study assessed the effects of spring-regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies on the physiological and agronomic performance of a ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki) orchard grafted onto Diospyros lotus and D. virginiana rootstocks. The trial was conducted from 2016 to 2019 in a commercial orchard located in Llíria (Valencia, Spain), under Mediterranean climate conditions. RDI was applied during late spring at increasing water restriction levels, while control treatments received non-limited irrigation. Results showed that RDI did not reduce yield per tree, even under severe water deficits, and consistently improved irrigation water productivity by up to 21 % in D. lotus and 31 % in D. virginiana compared to fully irrigated controls. The reduction in fruit drop observed in RDI treatments led to a 30 % increase in harvested fruits in D. lotus and 42 % in D. virginiana. On average, fruit drop-to-flowering ratios were lower under RDI (36.5 % in D. lotus, 68.6 % in D. virginiana) than in fully irrigated controls (49.9 % and 81.6 %, respectively). D. lotus trees showed more stable yields and a favourable vegetative-reproductive balance, while D. virginiana exhibited a different water stress response pattern in the seasonal dynamics of stem water potential, which is used to characterise differences in plant water status rather than intrinsic drought tolerance. Still, D. virginiana trees produced lower and more variable yields under both irrigation regimes, likely due to higher fruit drop and a potential biennial bearing pattern. Overall, the findings support spring RDI as a viable strategy to enhance irrigation water productivity in persimmon orchards.

研究了春调亏灌（RDI）策略对“Rojo Brillante”柿果园嫁接莲花和维吉尼亚柿砧木生理和农艺性能的影响。该试验于2016年至2019年在地中海气候条件下，在位于Llíria（西班牙瓦伦西亚）的一个商业果园进行。在春末施用RDI，增加限水水平，而对照处理则无限制灌溉。结果表明，即使在严重缺水的情况下，RDI也没有降低单株产量，与完全灌溉的对照相比，RDI持续提高了荷花菊和弗吉尼亚菊的灌溉水分生产力，分别提高了21% %和31% %。在RDI处理下观察到的果实落差减少导致荷花菊和弗吉尼亚菊的收获果实增加了30% %和42. %。平均而言，RDI处理下的落花开花比低于充分灌溉对照（分别为49.9% %和81.6 %）（莲花为36.5% %，维吉那菊为68.6% %）。荷花树表现出更稳定的产量和良好的营养-生殖平衡，而维吉尼亚树在茎水势的季节动态中表现出不同的水分胁迫响应模式，这是植物水分状况差异的特征，而不是内在的耐旱性。尽管如此，在两种灌溉制度下，维吉尼亚树的产量更低，变化更大，可能是由于更高的落果率和潜在的两年一次的结果模式。总体而言，研究结果支持春季RDI作为提高柿园灌溉水生产力的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Re-evaluating onion varieties in organic farming: Evidence from a decade of multi-environment trials 重新评估有机农业中的洋葱品种：来自十年多环境试验的证据

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127969

M.L. Romo-Pérez, A. Rekowski, C. Zörb

Onion landraces and traditional open-pollinated varieties are gaining renewed interest in organic farming due to their potential for regional adaptation, on-farm seed use, and distinct flavor profiles. However, comprehensive long-term field-based evaluations of their agronomic and quality traits remain scarce. This study assessed the agronomic performance, compositional quality, and environmental responsiveness of traditional open-pollinated onion varieties grown under certified organic conditions across diverse environments in Germany. Between 2014 and 2024, 19 field trials were conducted at seven research and on-farm locations. Three open-pollinated varieties, including one landrace, were evaluated alongside commercial references. Yield, quality traits, and environmental interactions were analyzed using meta-analyses, linear mixed-effects models (including site-year as a random effect), and principal component analysis. The landrace Birnenförmige (Bif) and the traditional open-pollinated variety Stunova (Stu) generally matched or approached the performance of commercial varieties. Birnenförmige showed the most consistent and statistically robust advantages in compositional traits, combining early maturity with high dry matter, sugar, and pyruvate levels. In contrast, Stunova—tested only at research stations—showed positive but more variable responses, with high fructan concentrations and favorable yield trends in early trial years. By comparison, the traditional open-pollinated variety Rijnsburger 4 (Rij) showed increased sensitivity to humid conditions, with reduced marketable yield and quality. Relative humidity negatively affected dry matter and sugar accumulation but tended to increase pyruvate levels, particularly in Stu. These findings underscore the importance of variety selection tailored to environmental conditions and organic production goals. Traditional open-pollinated onion varieties can contribute to the diversification and resilience of organic farming systems. Their distinct compositional profiles and climatic responses offer valuable options for producers seeking alternatives to hybrids in the context of organic seed system development and climate adaptation.

洋葱地方品种和传统的开放授粉品种由于其潜在的区域适应性，农场种子使用和独特的风味特征，正在重新获得有机农业的兴趣。然而，对其农艺和品质性状的长期综合田间评价仍然很少。本研究评估了在德国不同环境下有机认证条件下种植的传统开放授粉洋葱品种的农艺性能、组成质量和环境响应性。2014年至2024年间，在7个研究和农场地点进行了19次田间试验。三个开放授粉的品种，包括一个地方品种，在商业参考资料的基础上进行了评估。利用荟萃分析、线性混合效应模型（包括地点年作为随机效应）和主成分分析分析了产量、品质性状和环境相互作用。地方品种Birnenförmige （Bif）和传统的开放授粉品种Stunova （Stu）的表现一般与商品品种相匹配或接近。Birnenförmige在组成性状上表现出最一致和统计上稳健的优势，早熟与高干物质、糖和丙酮酸水平相结合。相比之下，stunova（仅在研究站进行测试）显示出积极但更可变的反应，在试验早期具有较高的果聚糖浓度和有利的产量趋势。相比之下，传统的开放授粉品种Rijnsburger 4 （Rij）对潮湿条件的敏感性增加，市场产量和品质下降。相对湿度对干物质和糖积累有负面影响，但倾向于增加丙酮酸水平，特别是在Stu。这些发现强调了根据环境条件和有机生产目标进行品种选择的重要性。传统的开放授粉洋葱品种可以促进有机农业系统的多样化和复原力。它们独特的成分特征和气候响应为生产者在有机种子系统发展和气候适应的背景下寻找杂交品种的替代品提供了有价值的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term fertilization reshapes stoichiometric networks driving shifts in microbial life history strategies across China’s croplands 长期施肥重塑了中国农田微生物生活史策略变化的化学计量网络

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127928

Xiaodong Sun , Andong Cai , Chengjie Ren , Shuohong Zhang , Qiang Li , Shutang Liu , Shuiqing Zhang , Huimin Zhang , Yu Li , Kailou Liu , Minggang Xu

The balance of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry fundamentally regulates nutrient cycling and microbial metabolism in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanisms through which long-term fertilization and climate jointly shape multidimensional stoichiometric networks and microbial life history strategies remain unclear. In this study, six long-term (27–44 years) fertilization experiments across a 17° latitudinal gradient in China were examined under three treatments: no fertilizer (CK), mineral fertilizer (CF), and mineral plus manure fertilizer (CFM). By integrating ecological stoichiometry with metagenomic approaches, this study assessed how fertilization and climate affect soil, resource, microbial, and enzyme stoichiometry, and how these stoichiometric shifts influence microbial life history strategies. Results showed that long-term fertilization altered stoichiometric patterns, strengthening network connectivity among soil, resource, microbial, and enzymatic stoichiometry. CFM reduced soil and microbial C:P and N:P ratios by 35–70 % and decreased DOC:Olsen-P and DON:Olsen-P by up to 95 %. These shifts restructured microbial life history strategies, promoting a transition from resource acquisition (A) to growth yield (Y) strategies, with Y strategists increasing to 45–56 % under fertilization. Moreover, available resource and microbial stoichiometry, particularly DOC:Olsen-P and DON:Olsen-P ratios, were the primary predictors of microbial strategies, linking stoichiometric balance to microbial energetic allocation. Fertilization and climate jointly regulated microbial life history strategies by alleviating C:P and N:P imbalances and promoting stoichiometric homeostasis. Overall, these findings establish a mechanistic framework connecting nutrient supply, stoichiometric regulation, and microbial adaptation, thereby providing theoretical guidance for optimizing fertilization practices and maintaining soil nutrient sustainability across climatic regions.

碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)的化学计量平衡从根本上调节着陆地生态系统的养分循环和微生物代谢。然而，长期施肥和气候共同形成多维化学计量网络和微生物生活史策略的机制尚不清楚。本研究在中国17°纬度梯度上进行了6个长期（27 ~ 44年）施肥试验，分别为不施肥（CK）、矿质肥（CF）和矿质肥加粪肥（CFM）。通过将生态化学计量学与宏基因组学方法相结合，本研究评估了施肥和气候如何影响土壤、资源、微生物和酶的化学计量学，以及这些化学计量学变化如何影响微生物的生活史策略。结果表明，长期施肥改变了土壤、资源、微生物和酶化学计量的网络连通性。CFM使土壤和微生物C:P和N:P比值降低35-70 %，使DOC:Olsen-P和DON:Olsen-P降低高达95 %。这些变化重组了微生物生活史策略，促进了从资源获取(a)到生长产量(Y)策略的转变，在施肥条件下，Y策略增加到45 - 56% %。此外，可利用资源和微生物化学计量，特别是DOC:Olsen-P和DON:Olsen-P比率，是微生物策略的主要预测因子，将化学计量平衡与微生物能量分配联系起来。施肥和气候通过缓解C:P和N:P失衡和促进化学计量稳态共同调节微生物生活史策略。总体而言，这些发现建立了一个连接养分供应、化学计量调节和微生物适应的机制框架，从而为优化施肥实践和保持不同气候区域土壤养分的可持续性提供理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Process-based assessment of wheat yield gap in Mediterranean rainfed conditions: Cultivar, nutrient, and sowing optimization 地中海雨养条件下小麦产量差距的过程评估：品种、养分和播种优化

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127967

Lahcen Ousayd , El Houssaine Bouras , Achraf Mamassi , Abdelghani Chehbouni , Victor Ongoma

Wheat production in Morocco remains constrained by persistent yield gaps arising from climatic variability, soil fertility decline, and suboptimal farm management. This study aimed to quantify attainable and actual yields of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to identify management pathways for reducing these gaps under rainfed conditions in Morocco. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was calibrated and validated for five representative cultivars across major rainfed agroecological zones using multi-season field observations. Model evaluation showed high predictive accuracy for grain yield (R² = 0.87, RMSE = 0.25 t/ha, NRMSE = 12.5 %), above-ground biomass (R² = 0.93, RMSE = 1.2 t/ha, NRMSE = 8.7 %), and leaf area index (R² = 0.81, RMSE = 0.73, NRMSE = 15.2 %). Simulated potential yield (

Y_{p}

) averaged 5.4 t/ha, of which 66 % was attainable under water-limited rainfed conditions (

Y_{w}

= 3.6 t/ha) and 48 % was realized as observed farmer yield (

Y_{a}

= 2.6 t/ha), resulting in an exploitable yield gap of approximately 52 % (2.8 t/ha). Scenario analysis indicated yield gains of 25–35 % from improved nitrogen use and 30–40 % from supplemental irrigation, while integrated management closed 40–65 % of the exploitable gap and raised mean yields to 3.8–4.2 t/ha. Across management strategies, intermediate-input scenarios delivered strong economic performance, achieving marginal rate of return values of 257–433 % with modest additional costs (266–1389 MAD/ha). These findings demonstrate that targeted integration of water and nutrient management can substantially enhance wheat productivity and resilience, offering a practical framework for advancing sustainable intensification and national food self-sufficiency.

摩洛哥的小麦生产仍然受到气候变化、土壤肥力下降和不理想的农场管理造成的持续产量差距的制约。本研究旨在量化面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的可获得和实际产量，并确定在摩洛哥雨养条件下减少这些差距的管理途径。通过多季野外观测，对主要雨养农业生态区5个代表性品种的环境政策综合气候（EPIC）模型进行了标定和验证。模型对粮食产量（R²= 0.87,RMSE = 0.25 t/ha, NRMSE = 12.5 %）、地上生物量（R²= 0.93,RMSE = 1.2 t/ha, NRMSE = 8.7 %）和叶面积指数（R²= 0.81,RMSE = 0.73, NRMSE = 15.2 %）具有较高的预测精度。模拟潜在产量（Yp）平均为5.4吨/公顷，其中66%是在限水雨养条件下实现的（Yw = 3.6吨/公顷），48%是根据观察到的农民产量实现的（Ya = 2.6吨/公顷），导致可利用产量差距约为52%（2.8吨/公顷）。情景分析表明，改善氮肥利用可使产量增加25 - 35%，补充灌溉可使产量增加30 - 40%，而综合管理可弥补40 - 65%的可利用缺口，将平均产量提高到3.8-4.2吨/公顷。在各种管理策略中，中等投入方案带来了强劲的经济表现，以适度的额外成本（266-1389 MAD/ha）实现了257 - 433%的边际回报率。这些发现表明，有针对性地整合水和养分管理可以大大提高小麦的生产力和抵御力，为推进可持续集约化和国家粮食自给提供了一个实用框架。

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引用次数: 0

Precision detection and geolocation of missed pre-tassels in hybrid maize seed production using UAV-based deep learning 基于无人机深度学习的杂交玉米种子缺失前穗精确检测与定位

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127923

Chenchen Ding , Ruirui Zhang , Jiangtao Qi , Yuxin Xie , Tongchuan Yi , Longlong Li , Mingqi Wu , Weirong Zhang , Zhiyuan Bao

Hybrid maize seed production relies on detasseling, a critical process to ensure genetic purity by removing male pre-tassels from female plants. However, missed pre-tassels, which are immature tassels partially enclosed by leaves and similar in color to maize foliage, remain difficult to detect and typically require labor-intensive manual inspection. This study proposes an improved UAV-based detection framework, YOLO for Missed Pre-Tassel (YOLO-MPT), built upon YOLOv7 for precise identification and geolocation of missed pre-tassels in hybrid maize fields. YOLO-MPT integrates deformable convolutions (DCNv2) for adaptive feature extraction, the S²-MLPv2 attention mechanism for enhanced spatial representation, and an additional small-object detection head to increase sensitivity to tiny or occluded targets. A comprehensive UAV-derived pre-tassel dataset was constructed under diverse agronomic and lighting conditions to support model training and validation. The impact of input image size on detection performance was systematically analyzed to identify the optimal training resolution. Experimental results show that YOLO-MPT achieved an average precision (AP) of 93.8 %, precision (P) of 93.3 %, recall (R) of 90.2 %, and an F1-score of 91.7 %, outperforming baseline models. Furthermore, a geographic coordinate extraction method was developed and integrated into a standalone “Missed Pre-Tassel Detection and Localization Software,” enabling automatic conversion of pixel detections into precise geospatial locations. Field experiments verified the workflow’s robustness and positioning accuracy, demonstrating the system’s potential to improve post-detasseling efficiency and quality assurance in hybrid maize seed production.

杂交玉米种子生产依赖于脱穗子，这是一个关键的过程，通过从雌性植株上去除雄性前穗子来确保遗传纯度。然而，缺失的前流苏（未成熟的流苏，部分被叶子包围，颜色与玉米叶片相似）仍然难以检测，通常需要劳动密集型的人工检查。本研究在YOLOv7的基础上，提出了一个改进的基于无人机的检测框架YOLO for missing Pre-Tassel (YOLO- mpt)，用于杂交玉米田缺失前穗的精确识别和地理定位。YOLO-MPT集成了用于自适应特征提取的可变形卷积（DCNv2），用于增强空间表征的S²-MLPv2注意机制，以及一个额外的小目标检测头，以提高对微小或遮挡目标的灵敏度。在不同的农艺和光照条件下，构建了一个综合的无人机衍生的预流苏数据集，以支持模型的训练和验证。系统分析了输入图像大小对检测性能的影响，以确定最佳训练分辨率。实验结果表明，YOLO-MPT的平均准确率（AP）为93.8 %，准确率(P)为93.3 %，召回率(R)为90.2 %，f1得分为91.7 %，优于基线模型。此外，开发了一种地理坐标提取方法，并将其集成到独立的“遗漏的前流苏检测和定位软件”中，实现了像素检测到精确地理空间位置的自动转换。现场实验验证了该工作流程的鲁棒性和定位准确性，证明了该系统在提高杂交玉米种子生产后脱粒效率和质量保证方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of fertilization, tillage, and residue management on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil pH in black soils of Northeast China 施肥、耕作和秸秆管理对东北黑土土壤有机碳、全氮和pH的影响

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127911

N’Dri Yves Bohoussou , Guoxiang Zheng , Shanbo Zhang , Wenbo Wu , Fengtao Ju , Olouwatogni Michael Ayenikafo , Stopira Yannick Benz Boboua , Yash Pal Dang

Black soils in Northeast China are among the most fertile soils and play a vital role in national food security. However, despite numerous field studies, there remains a lack of comprehensive synthesis on how agronomic practices, such as tillage, fertilization, and residue management, affect black soil. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of 802 comparisons from 80 peer-reviewed articles to determine how agronomic practices influence SOC, TN, and soil pH dynamics at 0–30 cm soil depth and their impact on crop yields. The analysis revealed that organic fertilizers significantly improved SOC and TN stock by 32.89 % and 29.74 %, respectively, while mixed fertilizers enhanced SOC (17.98 %) and TN (22.93 %) compared to unfertilized soils. Residue retention increased SOC and TN by 10.91 % and 11.13 %, respectively, compared to residue removal, while no-tillage increased TN by 10.88 % relative to conventional tillage. Soil pH declined significantly under chemical, mixed fertilizers, residue retention, and tillage. In contrast, organic fertilizer increased soil pH by 3.04 %, indicating its potential to buffer against soil acidification. Mixed fertilizers achieved the highest grain yield increase (77.17 %). Grain yield exhibited a negative relationship with soil pH, indicating the need to manage long-term acidification. Our findings highlight the importance of balanced agronomic practices, particularly organic fertilizer application, in improving TN, SOC stock, and crop yield while mitigating soil acidification risks. Implementing these practices is crucial for maintaining soil fertility and crop productivity of black soils in Northeast China.

东北黑土是中国最肥沃的土壤之一，对国家粮食安全起着至关重要的作用。然而，尽管进行了大量的实地研究，但仍然缺乏对耕作、施肥和残留物管理等农艺措施如何影响黑土的全面综合。因此，我们对80篇同行评议文章中的802个比较进行了荟萃分析，以确定农艺实践如何影响0-30 cm土壤深度的有机碳、全氮和土壤pH动态及其对作物产量的影响。结果表明，有机肥显著提高了土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）储量，分别提高了32.89 %和29.74 %；混合肥显著提高了土壤有机碳（17.98 %）和全氮（22.93 %）。与常规耕作相比，残茬保留使土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高10.91 %和11.13 %，免耕使全氮提高10.88 %。土壤pH值在化学、混合肥料、残留和耕作下显著下降。相比之下，有机肥使土壤pH值提高了3.04 %，表明有机肥具有缓冲土壤酸化的潜力。混合肥料增产幅度最大（77.17 %）。粮食产量与土壤pH呈负相关，表明需要对酸化进行长期管理。我们的研究结果强调了平衡农艺措施，特别是施用有机肥，在提高全氮、有机碳储量和作物产量的同时减轻土壤酸化风险的重要性。实施这些措施对保持东北黑土的土壤肥力和作物生产力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0