European Journal of Agronomy最新文献_第5页

A study on optimal input images for rice yield prediction models using CNN with UAV imagery and its reasoning using explainable AI

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127512

Tomoaki Yamaguchi , Taiga Takamura , Takashi S.T. Tanaka , Taiichiro Ookawa , Keisuke Katsura

Rice is the world's most consumed staple food crop and there is a need to increase its yield in terms of food security. Understanding rice yields is important for farmers and national decision-making, and is critical for increasing yields. Remote sensing and machine learning have improved the accuracy and efficiency of yield monitoring. In particular, the combination of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and convolutional neural networks (CNN), which is a type of deep learning, has been studied in recent years owing to its flexibility in data acquisition and high accuracy. Rice yield predictions using UAV and CNN have been reported to build more robust models after the mid-ripening stage. However, optimal input image conditions, such as the growth stage of image acquisition, spectral bands, and image cut-out areas, have not been studied, and there is room for improvement in this respect. In addition, recent efforts to find clues to improve the reliability and accuracy of advanced machine learning models have focused on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), which attempts to reveal the basis of model inferences. However, there are almost no examples of using XAI for regression tasks with CNN in the research field of agricultural sciences. Therefore, in this study, the optimal input image conditions were investigated for the prediction of rice yield using a CNN based on UAV aerial images collected after the mid-ripening stage. An attempt was made to provide a rationale for the results by visualizing the region of interest in the CNN model. First, using red edge spectral bands at the maturity stage was more effective than at the mid-ripening stage. In addition, higher accuracy was achieved by allowing feature extraction from a slightly wider area than the actual harvested area, especially at the maturity stage. Furthermore, visualization of the region of interest showed that yield prediction was more focused on panicles at the maturity stage. This provided a relevant rationale for optimal input image conditions. In summary, this study identified the optimal input image conditions that enabled yield prediction with higher accuracy. Additionally, using XAI, which visualizes the region of interest, increases the trustworthiness of the model outputs. The results of this study will improve the accuracy and reliability of yield prediction models.

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引用次数: 0

Integrated forage system reduces off-farm purchased nitrogen and limit surplus on intensive dairy farms in northern Italy 意大利北部集约化奶牛场的综合饲草系统减少了农场外购氮并限制了过剩量

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127517

Francesco Ferrero, Ernesto Tabacco, Gabriele Rolando, Giorgio Borreani

Intensive dairy farming relies on large inputs of N fertilizer and on the off-farm nitrogen to sustain a high milk output per hectare, which leads to an overuse of N, and to a reduction of Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). This multiyear study aims to verify, through a Living Lab approach, on two commercial dairy farms in the Northern Italy, the effect of planning and managing of a forage system on N balance and NUE. Two periods (3 years each) before and after the changes in the farm and forage management were considered. The introduction of legume crops, double cropping, winter crops, and the adoption of early cutting of forages coupled with an efficient conservation of forages, were adopted on the farms. These actions have improved the uptake potential of the crops and the recycling of N from livestock to the forage system and back again. Changes in forage system management allowed to increase the average dry matter yield and N uptake per hectare on both farms, mainly due to the contribution of alfalfa, Italian ryegrass, and corn harvested as high moisture silage. The N output from cash crops, forages, and N input from nitrogen fertilizers were reduced on both farms, while the input from biological N fixation was increased. This resulted in a reduction of around 30 % of N surplus on the farms, and in a higher N efficiency. This study shows that milk production could be intensified, and nitrogen surplus could be reduced by acting on the management of the forage system and of conservation techniques to improve feed self-sufficiency, and by relying on the introduction of legume crops and on a reduction of off-farm nitrogen, through a synergistic Living Lab approach.

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引用次数: 0

Novel termination techniques of winter cover crops in the vineyard: Effects on physiology and performance of Pinot Noir and Malvasia di Candia aromatica grapevines

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127514

Leonardo Cunial , Irene Diti , Paolo Bonini , Rachele Patelli , Matteo Gatti , Gabriele Cola , Massimiliano Bordoni , Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen , Claudia Meisina , Roberto Confalonieri , Livia Paleari , Stefano Poni

A current significant vineyard challenge is how other-than tillage soil management solutions can be implemented without incurring in major competition for water and nutrients with the consociated grapevines. Therefore, a three-year study was carried at two hilly sites (Sartori and Ottina) in Northern Italy to evaluate the impact of two novel winter cover crop terminations (interrow rolling, R, and sub-row mulching, SRM) on vine physiology and performance as compared to standard practice, either alternate tilled-grassed interrow and/or green manuring (GM). Moreover, at the Ottina site, cover crop sowing used two different seed mixtures: the cereal based Humusfert (HF) and the legume based Nitrofert (NF). Each season, in summer, soil and vine water status were measured as soil saturation degree (θs/θsat), pre-dawn (Ψ_PD) and midday leaf water potential (Ψ_MD), whereas gas exchange was monitored as leaf assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (g_s). At both sites, for data pooled over years, the amount of rolled dry biomass was lower than 650 g m⁻² and R did not result in any significant variation of water status, gas exchange and vine performance versus the standard practice. Vice versa, at the Sartori site, the amount of mulched biomass under the row was quite abundant (1.517 g m⁻² dry weight) and effective for weed suppression. SRM also maintained less negative Ψ_PD in the warmest part of 2022 and 2023 seasons without, however, greatly impacting leaf water status, gas exchange and vine performances. At Ottina, SRM assured, for data pooled over years, higher total soluble solids (TSS) and malic acid and lower pH than R suggesting that sugar accumulation and acid degradation were partially decoupled. At the same site, NF allowed to increase yield without any concurrent change in vigor with a consequent ripening delay in terms of lower TSS, pH and anthocyanins, and higher tartaric acid at harvest, a sought effects under a global warming scenario. It is also practically relevant that HF lowered berry [K] significantly vs. NF suggesting that it might be used as an additional control tool to limit K accumulation into the berries and, eventually, wine pH. Overall, while SRM had better performance than R in terms of weed suppression, soil water status and berry ripening, results can vary as a function of the type of seed mixture which, in turn, closely interacts with specific environmental conditions.

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引用次数: 0

Rice-edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata rotation mitigates net global warming potential while enhancing soil fertility and economic benefits

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127521

Quanyi Hu , Jun Yang , Zhanpeng Chen , Xuelin Zhang , Chengfang Li

The economic benefits of rice–wheat (RW) and rice–oilseed rape (RO) rotation in China are low. By contrast, the rice–edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata (RE) rotation yields significantly higher economic benefits than RW and RO rotations. Furthermore, RE rotation can avoid air pollution caused by rice straw burning and has been widely adopted in China. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how the rotation affects CH₄ and N₂O emissions and global warming potential. Herein, three rice-based rotations, including RW, RO and RE rotations, were conducted in central China. The RE rotation resulted in the lowest CH₄ emission from the winter crop season as well as the lowest annual N₂O emission from the rice seasons among the three rotations. Moreover, compared with the RW and RO rotations, the RE rotation significantly increased the soil organic carbon content by 30.2 % and 31.2 %, and the rice yield by 16.0 % and 17.0 %, respectively. Hence, the RE rotation significantly reduced the net global warming potential by 2008.4 % and 696.5 % compared with the RW and RO rotations, respectively. Furthermore, the RE rotation improved soil fertility compared with the other two rotations. Although the RE rotation required the highest agricultural input among the three rotations, it contributed to the highest net ecosystem economic profits owing to its highest agricultural income and lowest environmental damage cost. Thus, RE rotation is an effective rice-based rotation that can use rice straws to reduce the net global warming potential and increase economic benefits and soil fertility. Therefore, RE rotation may serve as an alternative strategy for achieving sustainable agricultural production in winter fallow areas of the rice-upland region in Yangtze River Basin, China.

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引用次数: 0

Phenolic content and profile of olive fruits: Impact of contrasting thermal regimes in non-Mediterranean growing environments 橄榄果实的酚含量和概况：在非地中海生长环境中对比热制度的影响

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127506

Pierluigi Pierantozzi , Mariela Torres , Cibeles Contreras , Vitale Stanzione , Martín Tivani , Luciana Gentili , Valerio Mastio , Peter Searles , Magdalena Brizuela , Fabricio Fernández , Alejandro Toro , Carlos Puertas , Eduardo Trentacoste , Juan Kiessling , Marina Bufacchi , Fiammetta Alagna , Ornella Calderini , María Cristina Valeri , Luciana Baldoni , Damián Maestri

The content of phenolic compounds in olive fruits is a matter of interest, not only because of their contribution to olive oil quality but also to their beneficial effects on human health. While some studies mention genetic and agronomic factors affecting the olive fruit phenolic composition, there is still a lack of information on the role of the environmental growth temperature. This study addresses the impact of different thermal regimes on hydrophilic phenol contents from two olive cultivars (Arbequina and Coratina) growing at several environments in Argentina. The variability associated with the growing environment was significant for all compounds analyzed; lower total phenol contents were associated with warmer environments. Verbascoside and oleuropein aglycone were the compounds reflecting more clearly this general tendency; their contents were approximately 2–3 fold lower in the warmest than in the coldest environment. To assess relationships between thermal records and phenolic contents, various models were tested; those including the thermal time showed the best fit. In general, data from cv. Arbequina showed better fit than those from cv. Coratina. As a summary, a genotype-associated response is suggested whereby the tested cultivars would have the ability to accumulate higher amounts of total and specific phenols when grown in cooler environments.

橄榄果实中酚类化合物的含量是一个令人感兴趣的问题，不仅因为它们对橄榄油质量的贡献，而且因为它们对人体健康的有益影响。虽然一些研究提到了遗传和农艺因素对橄榄果实酚类成分的影响，但对环境生长温度的影响仍缺乏研究。本研究探讨了在阿根廷不同环境下生长的两种橄榄品种（Arbequina和Coratina）的不同热制度对亲水性酚含量的影响。与生长环境相关的变异性对所有分析的化合物都是显著的；较低的总酚含量与温暖的环境有关。毛蕊花糖苷和橄榄苦苷是反映这一普遍趋势的化合物；它们的含量在最温暖的环境中比在最寒冷的环境中低约2-3倍。为了评估热记录与酚含量之间的关系，测试了各种模型；包括热时间在内的拟合效果最好。一般来说，数据来自cv。Arbequina的拟合性优于cv。Coratina。综上所述，基因型相关的反应表明，当在较冷的环境中生长时，受试品种有能力积累更多的总酚和特定酚。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term legacy impacts of nitrogen fertilization on crop yield, nitrate accumulation, and nitrogen recovery efficiency 施氮对作物产量、硝态氮积累和氮素恢复效率的长期影响

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127513

Shuang Lei , Sajjad Raza , Annie Irshad , Yun Jiang , Ahmed Salah Elrys , Zhujun Chen , Jianbin Zhou

Inefficient nitrogen (N) utilizing cropping systems add substantial amount of unconsumed N fertilizer in the soil profile as residual N. High nitrate accumulation in the soil profile is detrimental to soil health and significantly contributes to groundwater pollution. This study investigated the long-term fate of residual N in the deep soil profile, including its contributions to crop yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency. A field experiment was carried out for seven years comprising winter wheat and summer maize as an annual rotation. For the initial two years (2015–2017) N fertilizer was applied at two rates (N340 including 160 kg N ha¹ for wheat and 180 kg N ha¹ for maize, N500 including 220 kg N ha¹ for wheat and 280 kg N ha¹ for maize) with and without nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD). While for the next five years (2017–2022) the crops were grown without N fertilization. N fertilization increased grain yield compared to control, and DCD addition caused additional increases in yield mainly at 500 kg N ha¹. The yield did not decrease in the first year without fertilization but started to decrease considerably in later years. N fertilization increased grain N uptake by more than 100 % in all treatments in fertilized years and the first unfertilized year compared to control but decreased strongly in the second year without fertilization. The cumulative fertilizer N recovery did not differ among N fertilized treatments during fertilized years but increased strongly when N uptake under unfertilized years were incorporated. The cumulative fertilizer N recovery in N340 + DCD increased from 37 %–44 % in fertilized years to 74 %–80 % in unfertilized years. A substantial residual nitrate accumulation (237–489 kg N ha¹) accumulated in the soil profile (0–200 cm) after two years of fertilization. Crops grown during unfertilized years fulfilled the majority of their N requirements from residual nitrate as indicated through considerable decrease in residual N accumulation (31 %–41 %) in the first unfertilized year. Soil N accumulation became less than 60 kg ha¹ after growing crops without fertilization for four years with no difference among treatments including control. This study highlights that residual N is an important component of crop N uptake and should therefore be used to correct N application rates to avoid overuse of N fertilizers.

利用种植制度的低效氮肥使大量未消耗的氮肥在土壤剖面中作为残余氮添加。土壤剖面中硝酸盐的高积累不利于土壤健康，并显著导致地下水污染。本研究探讨了深层土壤剖面中残余氮的长期命运，包括其对作物产量和氮恢复效率的贡献。进行了为期7年的田间试验，其中冬小麦和夏玉米每年轮作一次。在前两年（2015-2017），施氮量为两种（N340，小麦施氮量为160 kg ，玉米施氮量为180 kg ，N500，小麦施氮量为220 kg ，玉米施氮量为280 kg ），有和没有硝化抑制剂（双氰胺，DCD）。而在接下来的五年（2017-2022年）里，这些作物在种植时不施用氮肥。与对照相比，施氮增加了籽粒产量，DCD的额外增加主要在500 kg N ha1。在不施肥的第一年产量没有下降，但在随后的年份开始明显下降。与对照相比，施氮在施肥年和未施肥第1年使各处理的籽粒吸氮量增加了100 %以上，但在未施肥的第二年则大幅下降。氮肥累积恢复率在各施肥处理间无显著差异，但在未施肥处理下结合氮素吸收时显著提高。N340 + DCD的累积氮肥回收率由施肥年的37 % ~ 44 %提高到未施肥年的74 % ~ 80 %。施肥2年后，土壤剖面（0 ~ 200 cm）中残留硝酸盐积累量显著（237 ~ 489 kg N ha1）。在未施肥年份生长的作物通过残余硝酸盐满足了大部分的氮需求，这表明在第一个未施肥年份，残余氮积累显著减少（31% % - 41% %）。作物不施肥4年后，土壤氮素积累量低于60 kg ha1，包括对照在内的处理间无差异。本研究强调，残氮是作物氮吸收的重要组成部分，因此应用于校正施氮量，以避免氮肥的过度使用。

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引用次数: 0

Tracking ideal varieties for agroecological weed management in organic wheat. A simulation study 有机小麦农业生态杂草管理理想品种追踪。模拟研究

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2024.127501

Pierre Lebreton , Delphine Moreau , Rémi Perronne , Nathalie Colbach

Even though weeds are recognized as one of the main causes of yield losses in organic crop production, breeding for varietal competitiveness is still rare. The objective of the present study was to run simulations with the mechanistic crop-weed model FlorSys to identify (1) variety-intrinsic parameters that make organic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) more competitive against weeds in organic conditions, and (2) wheat ideotypes, i.e., optimal combinations of wheat-parameter values to maximise yield, weed tolerance and weed suppression. FlorSys is based on an individual-based 3D canopy model, simulating daily crop-weed seed and plant dynamics over the years, depending on the cropping system and pedoclimate. The model includes three winter wheat varieties, and 20 virtual varieties were added by randomly combining variety-parameter values according to a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) plan, respecting parameter ranges and correlations observed in the actual varieties. A global sensitivity analysis was run, using another LHS plan to combine wheat varieties, crop rotations and management techniques in 2800 contrasting organic cropping systems (e.g., undersowing with clover, no-till, type of weed flora) and 400 conventional systems. Average yield potential per variety was highly correlated to yield in the presence of weeds (R² = 0.79) but only slightly to weed tolerance, i.e., the opposite of yield loss due to weeds (R² = 0.10). Classification and regression trees (CART) identified parameters (notably, low pre-emergent seedling loss, fast post-emergence growth rate, late flowering) and their combinations that drive potential yield and competitiveness against weeds. If nitrogen and water were non-limiting after crop emergence, ideotypes that combine late flowering, late grain maturity and winter hardiness with early highly covering and homogeneous plant establishment, possibly to the detriment of root development, were the most relevant. If crop establishment was too late and/or unsatisfactory, a homogeneously tall canopy whose heavy plants presented a high harvest index was essential. No/low-till systems that rely primarily on mechanical weeding or herbicides needed early-emerging varieties with small/thick leaves and small plants per unit biomass to limit crop damage by weeding tools and improve herbicide penetration into the canopy, respectively. These results are suggestions for breeders and farmers to breed and choose wheat varieties for agroecological cropping systems aiming to better regulate weeds by biological interactions. Further research is needed to link model parameters to variables that could be measured routinely during breeding schemes.

尽管杂草被认为是有机作物产量损失的主要原因之一，但品种竞争力的培育仍然很少。本研究的目的是利用FlorSys机制作物-杂草模型进行模拟，以确定(1)使有机小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）在有机条件下与杂草更具竞争力的品种内在参数；(2)小麦理想型，即小麦参数值的最佳组合，以最大限度地提高产量、杂草耐受性和杂草抑制能力。FlorSys基于一个基于个体的三维树冠模型，根据种植系统和土壤气候，模拟多年来每天作物杂草种子和植物的动态变化。该模型包括3个冬小麦品种，根据拉丁超立方抽样（LHS）方案，在尊重实际品种参数范围和相关性的基础上，通过随机组合品种参数值，增加了20个虚拟品种。利用另一个LHS计划，进行了全球敏感性分析，将小麦品种、作物轮作和管理技术结合在2800种对比有机种植系统（例如，下种三叶草、免耕、杂草类型）和400种传统系统中。单品种平均产量潜力与杂草存在时的产量高度相关（R²= 0.79），但与杂草耐受性相关性较弱，即与杂草造成的产量损失相反（R²= 0.10）。分类回归树（CART）确定了影响潜在产量和对杂草竞争能力的参数（特别是出苗期前幼苗损失低、出苗期后生长速度快、开花时间晚）及其组合。如果作物出苗后氮素和水分不受限制，则较晚开花、较晚粒熟和较晚耐寒与早期高覆盖和均匀建植相结合的理想型（可能不利于根系发育）是最相关的。如果作物建立过晚和/或不令人满意，则必须采用均匀高的冠层，其厚重的植株具有较高的收获指数。主要依靠机械除草或除草剂的免耕/低耕系统需要叶片小/厚、单位生物量小的早熟品种，以限制除草工具对作物的损害，并提高除草剂对冠层的渗透。这些结果为育种者和农民在农业生态种植系统中选育和选择小麦品种提供了建议，旨在通过生物相互作用更好地调节杂草。需要进一步的研究将模型参数与育种计划中可以常规测量的变量联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Periodic straw-derived biochar improves crop yield, sequesters carbon, and mitigates emissions 周期性秸秆生物炭可提高作物产量，固碳并减轻排放

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127516

Feng Chang , Shanchao Yue , Shuai Li , Hui Wang , Yafei Chen , Wenjia Yang , Bingyan Wu , Haini Sun , Shiwen Wang , Lina Yin , Xiping Deng

Increasing soil carbon sequestration is one of the main measures to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agricultural systems, and straw-derived biochar returning has the potential to increase soil carbon sequestration and crop yield, mitigate GHG emissions, but its application is largely restricted due to the high input. It remains unclear whether periodic application of straw-derived biochar could effectively meet these challenges. To explore the appropriate mode of straw-derived biochar returning which aims to achieve the goal of increasing yield and carbon sequestration without reducing economic benefits, a 7-year site experiment was carried out to compare the effects of conventional tillage, wheat straw returning and straw-derived biochar returning on winter wheat yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, GHG emissions and economic benefits on the Loess Plateau of China. The highest average yield over the 7-year experiment was found under straw biochar, and average yield over the 7-year experiment was increased by 9.94 % and 2.28 %, as compared with conventional tillage and wheat straw, respectively. Meanwhile, under straw biochar the SOC content was significantly increased by 24.61 % and 12.57 % than conventional tillage and wheat straw after 7 years (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to conventional tillage and wheat straw, straw biochar increased the annual cumulative CO₂ emissions, but reduced the annual cumulative N₂O emissions; the net global warming potential under straw biochar decreased by 7.7 and 1.1 times (p < 0.05), and the greenhouse gas emission intensity decreased by 8.6 and 1.6 times (p < 0.05), those were mainly due to the fact that straw biochar increased wheat yield and SOC, but reduced N₂O emissions. The 5-year cumulative net income and cumulative net ecosystem economic benefits under straw biochar were significantly increased by 12.16 % and 20.27 % compared to the conventional tillage, while the 7-year net ecosystem economic benefits was comparable to the wheat straw (p < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the application of straw-derived biochar every five years could effectively increase carbon sequestration and mitigate GHG emissions, while maintaining the income simultaneously. Therefore, that the periodic straw-derived biochar returning could be an effective approach in rainfed agriculture of dryland, considering both economic and environmental effects.

增加土壤固碳是减少农业系统温室气体（GHG）排放的主要措施之一，秸秆生物炭还田具有增加土壤固碳和作物产量、减少温室气体排放的潜力，但由于投入高，其应用在很大程度上受到限制。目前尚不清楚定期使用秸秆生物炭是否能有效应对这些挑战。为探索在不降低经济效益的前提下实现增产固碳的适宜秸秆还田模式，在黄土高原进行了为期7年的常规耕作、秸秆还田和秸秆还田对冬小麦产量、土壤有机碳含量、温室气体排放和经济效益的影响对比试验。秸秆生物炭处理的7年平均产量最高，比常规耕作和麦秸处理分别提高9.94 %和2.28 %。与常规耕作和麦秸相比，秸秆生物炭处理7年后土壤有机碳含量显著提高24.61 %和12.57 % （p <； 0.05）。此外，与常规耕作和麦秸相比，秸秆生物炭增加了CO2的年累积排放量，但减少了N2O的年累积排放量；秸秆生物炭处理下的全球净变暖潜势降低了7.7倍和1.1倍（p <； 0.05），温室气体排放强度降低了8.6倍和1.6倍（p <； 0.05），这主要是由于秸秆生物炭增加了小麦产量和有机碳，但减少了N2O排放。秸秆生物炭5年累计净收入和累计生态系统净经济效益较常规耕作显著提高12.16 %和20.27 %，7年净生态系统经济效益与小麦秸秆相当（p <； 0.05）。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，每五年使用一次秸秆生物炭可以有效地增加碳固存和减少温室气体排放，同时保持收入。因此，从经济效益和环境效益两方面考虑，秸秆生物炭定期还田是旱地旱作农业的一种有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Sorghum leaves more residue with a higher decomposition rate than maize 高粱的腐渣比玉米多，腐渣分解率高

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127515

Gonzalo Parra, Lucas Borras , Brenda L. Gambin

Crop residue is an important component of the sustainability of agricultural production systems, and field comparative studies of residue decomposition across species and management practices are rare. Maize and sorghum are summer cereal options that compete for their acreage and are known to have contrasting harvest index. Our objective was to explore changes in residue amount, quality (assessed by residue total soluble carbohydrate concentration and C/N ratio), and decomposition rate of both crops. Our hypothesis was that sorghum leaves higher amounts of residue than maize after harvest, with decomposition rate differences among crops being negligible because the environmental context effect is a major component. We conducted field experiments in a temperate environment with maize and sorghum planted simultaneously. Sorghum crops were on average across conditions out-yielded by maize by 2.6 Mg ha⁻¹, and left on average 2.2 Mg ha⁻¹ more residue at harvest than maize. Sorghum residue decomposed at a significantly higher rate than maize (-4.6 vs −2.6 days⁻¹ for sorghum and maize, respectively; p < 0.001). This is because the sorghum residue has a higher concentration of total soluble carbohydrates and a lower C/N ratio compared to maize. These residue quality traits were significantly affected by crop management. As a result of the differing rates of decomposition, both crops had similar amounts of residue after 90 days of fallow. Our findings highlight the importance of considering species and management variations in both the quantity and quality of crop residues when assessing their impact on soil fertility and carbon cycling, as these factors influence decomposition rates.

作物残茬是农业生产系统可持续性的重要组成部分，而跨物种和管理方法的残茬分解的实地比较研究很少。玉米和高粱是夏季谷物的选择，它们在种植面积上相互竞争，而且收获指数也存在差异。我们的目的是探讨两种作物的残渣量、质量（通过残渣总可溶性碳水化合物浓度和碳氮比来评估）和分解率的变化。我们的假设是，收获后高粱的残留物量高于玉米，作物之间的分解率差异可以忽略不计，因为环境影响是一个主要组成部分。我们在温带环境下进行了玉米和高粱同时种植的田间试验。在不同条件下，高粱作物的产量平均比玉米高出2.6 Mg ha - 1，收获时的残留物平均比玉米多2.2 Mg ha - 1。高粱腐渣分解速率显著高于玉米（-4.6 vs - 2.6 d - 1）；p & lt; 0.001)。这是因为高粱渣的总可溶性碳水化合物浓度高于玉米，碳氮比较低。这些品质性状受作物管理的影响显著。由于分解速度不同，两种作物在休耕90天后的残留量相似。我们的研究结果强调了在评估作物秸秆对土壤肥力和碳循环的影响时考虑其数量和质量的物种和管理变化的重要性，因为这些因素影响分解速率。

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引用次数: 0

Sulfur fertilization contribute to China’s food security: A meta-analysis

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127510

Zhenya Lu , Siwen Zhang , Guohua Li , Yining Ge , Patrick Gesualdi Haim , Shay Mey-Tal , Hillel Magen , Chengdong Huang

Sulfur (S) deficiency is an increasingly significant constraint to plant growth all over the world. Application of S fertilizer becomes an inevitable approach to alleviate S deficiency and improve crop yield. However, there is still lack of quantitative assessment of yield potential of crops fertilized with S fertilizer. In this study, an integrated meta-analysis with 181 studies with 1162 comparisons was conducted to evaluate the effect of S fertilization on crop yield in China. The results showed that S fertilization could improve crop yield by an average of 8.2 %. The increase in yield of sugarcane (11.2 %), tea (10.5 %), oil crops (9.9 %) and vegetables (9.1 %) were higher than that of cereal (7.4 %). The effect of S fertilization on crop yield was 9.5 % when soil pH was less than 6. Under soil S deficiency (≤16 mg kg⁻¹), crop yield improved 9.6 %, more than 30 % of yield in the adequate S soil (more than 30 mg kg⁻¹). Among S fertilizer types, ammonium sulfate had the bigger yield-increasing effect with 10.3 % than other S fertilizers. The yield effect of S fertilizers was correlated with soil organic matter, with 10.8 % yield under the low soil organic matter (≤12 g kg⁻¹), and 6.7 % yield increase under high soil organic matter (≥20 g kg⁻¹). Additionally, it resulted in a higher yield of 7.7 % under high precipitation (＞1000 mm) compared to a 5.4 % yield increase under low precipitation (≤1000 mm). This study demonstrates that S fertilization significantly improve crop yield, and provided great potentials for integrated S management based on the soil-crop-climate conditions for higher crop yield without additional NPK input in China.

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引用次数: 0