European Journal of Agronomy最新文献_第8页

Tobacco–rapeseed system with moderate mineral fertiliser promotes yield by synergistically improving bacterial network complexity and soil fertility 适量矿肥配烟油菜系统通过协同提高细菌网络复杂性和土壤肥力来提高产量

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127955

Qi Miao , Lu Liu , Chen Wang , Hao Ying , Yingxin Guo , Dexun Wang , Yanxia Hu , Zhenling Cui , Junwei Sun , Junying Li , Jing Tian

Optimisation of cropping and fertiliser management is essential to overcome the constraints of continuous cropping and to enhance crop yields. However, the combined effects of these practices on yield, through the regulation of soil fertility and microbial communities, remain unclear. To address this, a 13-year field experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of integrated management practices, including cropping systems (tobacco−fallow system, TFS; and tobacco–rapeseed system, TRS) and fertilisation treatments (no fertiliser, CK; moderate mineral fertiliser, NPK; and high mineral fertiliser, HNPK), on tobacco yield, soil fertility, and microbial communities. The results demonstrated that, across all fertilisation treatments, TRS increased the average yield by 46.1 % and soil fertility by 6.1 % compared to TFS. The cropping system was the primary factor shaping the overall microbial community structure (β-diversity), whereas fertilisation significantly influenced the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa (e.g., copiotrophs) within each system. TRS promoted fungal α-diversity and bacterial network complexity, whilst concomitantly suppressing pathogenic fungi. The mechanism underlying yield response to fertilisation varied with the cropping system. Under TFS, HNPK increased yield via a 'high-fertiliser nutrient compensation mechanism' by enhancing soil fertility. Specifically, HNPK increased soil fertility by 6.4 % and crop yield by 62.4 %, but it significantly reduced soil pH. In contrast, under TRS, NPK increased yield through 'soil–microbial synergy', which involved the simultaneous optimisation of soil fertility and enhancement of bacterial network complexity. Furthermore, bacterial network complexity was identified as the strongest predictor of yield. The TRS-NPK treatment outperformed TFS-HNPK in yield by 32.5 %, whilst avoiding soil acidification. This study underscores the critical role of soil bacterial network complexity in agricultural systems and demonstrates that combining crop diversification with moderate nutrient supply improves soil fertility, mitigates acidification, and enhances the sustainability of agricultural production.

优化种植和肥料管理对于克服连作的限制和提高作物产量至关重要。然而，这些做法通过调节土壤肥力和微生物群落对产量的综合影响尚不清楚。为了解决这一问题，进行了一项为期13年的田间试验，以评估综合管理措施对烟草产量、土壤肥力和微生物群落的影响，包括种植制度（烟草-休耕制度，TFS；烟草-油菜籽制度，TRS）和施肥处理（无化肥，CK；中等矿肥，NPK；高矿肥，HNPK）。结果表明，在所有施肥处理中，与TFS相比，TRS的平均产量提高46.1% %，土壤肥力提高6.1% %。种植制度是形成整体微生物群落结构（β-多样性）的主要因素，而施肥显著影响每个系统内特定微生物类群（如共养菌）的相对丰度。TRS促进真菌α-多样性和细菌网络复杂性，同时抑制致病真菌。产量对施肥的响应机制因种植制度而异。在TFS下，HNPK通过“高肥力补偿机制”提高了土壤肥力，从而提高了产量。具体而言，HNPK使土壤肥力提高了6.4 %，作物产量提高了62.4 %，但显著降低了土壤ph。相反，在TRS下，NPK通过“土壤-微生物协同作用”提高产量，这涉及土壤肥力的同时优化和细菌网络复杂性的提高。此外，细菌网络复杂性被确定为产量的最强预测因子。TRS-NPK处理的产量比TFS-HNPK处理高出32.5 %，同时避免了土壤酸化。该研究强调了土壤细菌网络复杂性在农业系统中的关键作用，并证明了作物多样化与适度养分供应相结合可以提高土壤肥力，减轻酸化，提高农业生产的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating peat pasture performance under elevated groundwater conditions 地下水升高条件下泥炭牧场性能评价

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127961

Hilde M. van Dijk , Nyncke J. Hoekstra , Raimon Ripoll-Bosch , Idse Hoving , Jeroen Pijlman , Nick van Eekeren

Historically, Dutch peatlands have been drained for agriculture, particularly as pastures for dairy production. While drainage increases productivity, it degrades the peat layer, leading to high greenhouse gas emissions and soil subsidence. Raising the depth of the groundwater table (WT) to 20 cm below field level, contrasted to commonly drained peat at approximately 50 cm below field level, is considered an effective solution to limit peat degradation. However, it is unclear how raising the WT with an active water infiltration system (AWIS) would affect grass yield and quality, and whether dairy farming can be maintained. We studied the effect of raising WT on grass production, quality, and nitrogen utilization, using experimental plots with different WT and fertilization levels in 2020–2024. Raising WT from 50 to 20 cm below field level resulted in an average decrease of 9 % in herbage dry matter yield (DMY), with significant variation between years due to varying weather conditions. The reduction in DMY could partly be explained by the observed decrease in soil N supply in wetter conditions, due to a lower mineralization rate. Increased N fertilization could mediate the lower DMY but increases nutrient losses. Herbage crude protein concentration was moderately affected by WT, and more strongly by yearly variation. Although results are on plot level, which excludes losses originating from trafficking by machinery and animals, they indicate that raising WT is compatible with relatively high grass production and similar grass quality. Consequences on farm level need to be further explored.

从历史上看，荷兰的泥炭地一直被排干用于农业，特别是作为乳制品生产的牧场。虽然排水提高了生产力，但它使泥炭层退化，导致温室气体排放高和土壤沉降。将地下水位（WT）提高到地下水位20 cm以下，而不是通常排干的泥炭地下水位50 cm以下，被认为是限制泥炭退化的有效解决方案。然而，目前尚不清楚用主动渗水系统（AWIS）饲养WT会如何影响草的产量和质量，以及奶牛养殖是否可以维持。在2020-2024年，采用不同WT和施肥水平的试验田，研究了提高WT对草地产量、品质和氮素利用的影响。将WT从低于田间水平50 ~ 20 cm提高，牧草干物质产量（DMY）平均下降9. %，且由于天气条件的不同，各年间差异显著。在较湿润的条件下，由于矿化率较低，土壤氮供应减少，可以部分解释DMY的减少。增加施氮量可以调节DMY的降低，但增加了养分损失。牧草粗蛋白质浓度受WT的影响较小，受年际变化的影响较大。虽然结果是在地块水平上，不包括机械和动物贩运造成的损失，但它们表明，饲养小毛草与相对较高的草产量和相似的草质量是相容的。对农场层面的影响需要进一步探讨。

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引用次数: 0

The uptake of nitrogen biologically fixed by faba bean by cereals grown as succeeding crops 作为继代作物种植的谷物对蚕豆生物固定氮的吸收

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127952

Anna Siczek , Marcin Becher , Stanisław Kalembasa , Dorota Kalembasa

In sustainable plant production, the cultivation of legumes is crucial as it reduces the need for mineral fertilizers by fixing nitrogen (N), which is then available to succeeding crops, mainly cereals. While the effects of legumes as precrops on the first following crops have been relatively well documented, their longer-term impact on the productivity of subsequent crops in the rotation remains poorly understood. This research aimed to determine the amount of N fixed (% Ndfa, ¹⁵N isotope dilution method) by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and taken up by the grains and crop residues (roots and straw) of two succeeding plants. Two three-year cycles were carried out (2017–2019, 2018–2020) with the following crop sequence: faba bean/wheat-wheat-triticale. The % Ndfa in faba bean residues was found to be 78.1–79.4 %, depending on the year, which gave 29–43 kg ha⁻¹ of N introduced into the soil from the total N amount of 38–55 kg ha⁻¹. With wheat residues, 28–35 kg ha⁻¹ of N was incorporated. The year of the experiment significantly affected the yield and N parameters of cereals at maturity, mainly for the first crop after precrop. Significant changes were observed between precrop treatments. N uptake by cereals from faba bean residues (N recovery) was significantly higher than that from wheat residues, both in grains and crop residues of the succeeding crops. Cereal yields, N and macronutrient (P, K, Ca, Mg) yields were improved or unchanged by using legumes in the crop sequence, depending on the plant part examined (grains or straw), year and crop. N derived from legumes is important for the productivity of subsequent cereals, mainly for grains, but also for crop residue yields: higher yields can be achieved as compared to non-legume treatment. The findings may be useful with regard to optimizing crop rotation strategies and sustainable agricultural practices.

在可持续植物生产中，豆科植物的种植至关重要，因为它通过固定氮(N)减少了对矿物肥料的需求，这些氮随后可用于后续作物，主要是谷物。虽然豆科作物作为前茬作物对后继作物的影响已经有了较好的记录，但它们对轮作中后继作物生产力的长期影响仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在测定蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）的固定氮量（% Ndfa， 15N同位素稀释法）以及后续两株作物的籽粒和作物残茬（根和秸秆）对N的吸收。采用两个三年周期（2017-2019、2018-2020），作物顺序如下：蚕豆/小麦-小麦-小黑麦。不同年份蚕豆渣中Ndfa含量为78.1 ~ 79.4% %，从38 ~ 55 kg ha−1总施氮量中，可获得29 ~ 43 kg ha−1。小麦秸秆施氮量为28-35 kg ha−1。试验年份对谷物成熟期产量和氮素参数影响显著，主要是对预茬后第一季影响显著。在作物前处理之间观察到显著的变化。在后续作物的籽粒和作物残茬中，谷物对蚕豆残氮的吸收（氮恢复）显著高于小麦残氮。根据所研究的植物部分（谷物或秸秆）、年份和作物，在作物序列中使用豆类可提高谷物产量、氮和常量营养素（P、K、Ca、Mg）产量或保持不变。从豆科植物中提取的氮对后续谷物（主要是谷物）的生产力很重要，但对作物残茬产量也很重要：与非豆科植物处理相比，可以获得更高的产量。研究结果可能有助于优化作物轮作策略和可持续农业实践。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling organ dynamics, biomass and N partition of winter wheat under different water supply for trait evaluation 模拟不同水分条件下冬小麦的器官动态、生物量和氮分配，进行性状评价

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127953

Yang Lu , Zhigan Zhao , Hamish Brown , Dengpan Xiao , Xiying Zhang , Enli Wang

Crop models are vital for trait assessment and breeding, yet most lack mechanistic detail in carbon and nutrient partition and its effects on growth and yield. The generic organ arbitrator for biomass partitioning recently was developed, but it has NOT been widely validated apart from the initial testing. The study aimed to assess the organ arbitrator for simulating leaf and tiller numbers, leaf size and leaf area, biomass and nitrogen (N) partition into different organs, and the distributions of root length, root biomass and N in soil profile. We conducted the field experiment with two cultivars of winter wheat under three irrigation treatments in water-limited areas of the North China Plain from 2016 to 2018. The monitoring metrics were employed to assess the performance of APSIM next generation Wheat model (APSIM NG). The findings revealed that original APSIM NG overestimated tiller numbers, leaf area index (LAI), shoot and root biomass and nitrogen (N), but underestimated grain yield, with the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ranging from -12.26–0.92. Modification to leaf, root growth parameters and temperature response curves of thermal time led to improved simulation of the development and growth of winter wheat. The simulation for individual leaf size was optimal (coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.95, NSE = 0.81). Similarly, the simulations for tiller density (except at the recovery stage) and for LAI from recovery to jointing also performed best, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 302.91 tillers/m² and 1.83 m²/m², respectively. The biomass in above-ground, stems, grains of winter wheat under different water treatments, providing further confidence for the model to be used for trait evaluations (RMSE ranging from 38.04 to 123.85 g/m², NSE ranging from 0.83 to 0.96). However, the modified model tended to overestimate partitioning to leaves and underestimate that to stems and spikes. In addition, the modifications also overestimated crop N uptake (with RMSE values of 11.09, 10.16, and 1.36 g/m² for the N content in above-ground biomass, leaves, and spikes, respectively). The simulation of root biomass and N and their distributions in the soil profile was good, except for the underestimation of root biomass, length and N in the top soil layer. The study highlights the potential value of improved APSIM NG model to target phenotype, offering potential targets for genotype selecting in water-limited conditions. Further improvement in the model components in N uptake and root growth in the top soil layer is still required for the APSIM NG.

作物模型对性状评估和育种至关重要，但大多数模型缺乏碳和养分分配及其对生长和产量影响的机制细节。生物质分配的通用器官仲裁器最近被开发出来，但除了最初的测试外，它还没有得到广泛的验证。本研究旨在评估器官仲裁器在模拟叶片和分蘖数、叶片大小和叶面积、生物量和氮在不同器官中的分配，以及根长、根生物量和氮在土壤剖面中的分布。2016 - 2018年，我们在华北平原缺水地区对2个冬小麦品种进行了3种灌溉处理的田间试验。采用监测指标评价APSIM下一代小麦模型（APSIM NG）的性能。结果表明，原始APSIM NG高估了分蘖数、叶面积指数（LAI）、茎、根生物量和氮素(N)，但低估了籽粒产量，Nash Sutcliffe效率（NSE）在-12.26 ~ 0.92之间。通过对叶片、根系生长参数和热时间温度响应曲线的修改，提高了冬小麦发育和生长的模拟效果。单叶大小模拟效果最佳（决定系数（R²）= 0.95,NSE = 0.81）。分蘖密度（除恢复期外）和LAI从恢复期到拔节期的模拟结果同样最佳，均方根误差（RMSE）分别为302.91分蘖/m²和1.83 m²/m²。不同水分处理下冬小麦地上部、茎部、籽粒生物量（RMSE为38.04 ~ 123.85 g/m2， NSE为0.83 ~ 0.96）为该模型的性状评价提供了进一步的置信度。然而，修正后的模型往往高估了对叶片的分配，而低估了对茎和穗的分配。此外，这些修正还高估了作物对氮的吸收（地上生物量、叶片和穗部氮含量的RMSE值分别为11.09、10.16和1.36 g/m²）。除表层根系生物量、根系长度和根系氮被低估外，土壤剖面中根系生物量和氮的模拟效果较好。该研究强调了改进的APSIM NG模型在靶向表型方面的潜在价值，为水分限制条件下的基因型选择提供了潜在的靶点。APSIM模型在表层氮吸收和根系生长的模型组分方面仍需进一步改进。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of tillage and nitrogen fertilization improves yield and resource utilization efficiency of rainfed winter wheat 优化耕作方式和氮肥施用可提高旱作冬小麦产量和资源利用效率

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127957

Pengfei Shen , Feiyang He , Quan Wang , Yuanbo Zhang , Miao Li , Fei Chen , Xiaoxia Wen , Weiyan Wang , Yuncheng Liao

How to improve tillage practices and nitrogen management for enhancing nitrogen absorption and redistribution, thereby increasing crop yields and resource utilization efficiency remains a current challenge in agriculture. However, these effects exhibit marked heterogeneity across agroecological regions and warrant further scrutiny, particularly in dryland farming systems. To address this issue, a two-factor split-plot field experiment, including two tillage practices in the main plots (i.e., rotary tillage and plow tillage, represented by RT and PT, respectively) and three nitrogen fertilizer gradients in the subplots (i.e., 180, 240, and 300 kg N ha⁻¹, represented by N1, N2, and N3, respectively) was carried out over three consecutive winter wheat seasons in the dryland wheat-maize intercropping agricultural area of Northwest China. Results demonstrated that RT effectively enhanced the sustained supply capacity of soil moisture and nutrients, increased dry matter accumulation and promoted plant photosynthetic performance of the winter wheat plants. When integrated with the N2 treatment, this practice further elevates grain yield and substantially enhances resource-use efficiency. Over the 3-year growing seasons, compared with the PT–N2, the RT–N2 treatment significantly increased winter wheat yield, net income, and water-use efficiency by 13.12–15.02 %, 45.12–58.02 %, and 10.72–19.97 %, respectively. In addition, the RT–N2 treatment optimised pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake in the aboveground tissues of winter wheat, thereby increasing nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen recovery efficiency, and nitrogen partial factor productivity by averages of 20.53 %, 37.3 %, 59.07 %, and 11.63 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the RT-N2 also reduced nitrate nitrogen leaching within the 0–200 cm soil profile after winter wheat harvest by an average of 17.89 % compared with the PT-N2 treatment. The partial least squares path model revealed that soil moisture and nutrient availability are the primary drivers of winter wheat productivity, whereas nitrate-N leaching from the 60–140 cm soil layer emerges as the dominant limiting factor. Overall, the management strategy integrating RT with N2 delivers synergistic gains in winter wheat productivity while simultaneously advancing environmental sustainability. This finding provides a robust basis for optimising tillage and nitrogen management in wheat–maize double-cropping systems, thereby facilitating the concurrent realisation of high yields and ecological stability.

如何改进耕作方式和氮素管理，促进氮素的吸收和再分配，从而提高作物产量和资源利用效率，是当前农业面临的挑战。然而，这些影响在农业生态区域表现出明显的异质性，值得进一步审查，特别是在旱地耕作系统中。为解决这一问题，在西北旱地小麦-玉米间作农业区连续3个冬小麦季进行了双因素分块田间试验，包括主区两种耕作方式（分别以RT和PT为代表的旋耕法和犁耕法）和子区三种氮肥梯度（分别以N1、N2和N3为代表的180、240和300 kg N ha⁻¹）。结果表明，RT有效增强了土壤水分和养分的持续供应能力，增加了干物质积累，促进了冬小麦植株的光合性能。当与N2处理相结合时，这种做法进一步提高了粮食产量，并大大提高了资源利用效率。3年生长期，与PT-N2处理相比，RT-N2处理冬小麦产量、净收入和水分利用效率分别显著提高13.12 ~ 15.02 %、45.12 ~ 58.02 %和10.72 ~ 19.97 %。此外，RT-N2处理优化了冬小麦花前氮素积累和花后氮素吸收，提高了氮素吸收效率、氮素农艺效率、氮素回收效率和氮素偏生产力，平均分别提高了20.53 %、37.3 %、59.07 %和11.63 %。同时，与PT-N2处理相比，RT-N2还减少了冬小麦收获后0 ~ 200 cm土壤剖面内的硝态氮淋溶，平均降低了17.89 %。偏最小二乘路径模型表明，土壤水分和养分有效性是冬小麦产量的主要驱动因素，而60-140 cm土层的硝态氮淋溶是主要限制因素。总体而言，将RT与N2相结合的管理策略在提高冬小麦产量的同时促进了环境的可持续性。这一发现为优化小麦-玉米两熟制度的耕作和氮肥管理提供了坚实的基础，从而促进高产和生态稳定的同时实现。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-trait analysis to identify key factors influencing wheat lodging resistance and validation of an integrative lodging index 小麦抗倒伏关键因素的多性状分析及综合倒伏指数的验证

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127951

Hao Ren , Qingfeng Dong , Siting Li , Dezheng Liu , Xubin Zhang , Xue Wang , Liang Chen , Yin-Gang Hu

Lodging is a complex trait that limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield potential, and no single trait can fully capture lodging resistance. Identifying key traits and developing reliable, field-applicable indicators are crucial for breeding lodging-resistant cultivars. In this study, lodging resistance was systematically assessed in 274 wheat varieties across three consecutive growing seasons (2022–2024). Genotype, growing season, growth stage, and their interactions significantly affected lodging-associated traits, with a clear temporal alignment between meteorological conditions and lodging events. Comparative analysis between lodged and non-lodged plants revealed that lodging negatively influenced spike and kernel traits. Multivariate analyses indicated that height-related traits accounted for nearly 50 % of the phenotypic variance related to lodging resistance and showed negative correlations, while traits related to stem weight and fullness explained 24 % and 8 %, respectively. Among these, stem wall thickness (SWT), second basal internode fullness (SBF), single stem elasticity (SSE), and stem strength (SS) emerged as key positive contributors, whereas plant height (PH), center of gravity height (CGH), and basal internode lengths were negatively associated. Stepwise regression and path analyses further identified SWT and SBF as primary determinants of SS, while CGH was the key factor influencing SSE. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that height-related traits exerted significant negative effects on stem anatomical structure, mechanical traits, and lodging index. Furthermore, a novel lodging index, defined as the SSE-to-CGH ratio, was proposed. It exhibited a strong correlation with the comprehensive lodging score (D value) and high consistency with clustering results, providing a practical assessment tool. These findings provide valuable insights for assessing lodging resistance and guiding strong-stem breeding strategies in wheat.

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的倒伏是一个复杂的性状，限制了小麦的产量潜力，没有一个单一的性状可以完全捕获小麦的倒伏抗性。鉴定关键性状和开发可靠的田间适用指标是培育抗倒伏品种的关键。本研究对274个小麦品种在连续三个生长季节（2022-2024）的抗倒伏性进行了系统评估。基因型、生长季节、生长阶段及其相互作用显著影响倒伏相关性状，气象条件与倒伏事件在时间上具有明显的一致性。对倒伏和未倒伏植株的比较分析表明，倒伏对穗和籽粒性状有负面影响。多因素分析表明，高相关性状占抗倒伏表型变异的近50% %，呈负相关，而茎重和丰满度相关性状分别占24% %和8% %。其中，茎壁厚度（SWT）、第二基部节间满度（SBF）、单茎弹性（SSE）和茎强度（SS）是主要的正相关因子，而株高（PH）、重心高度（CGH）和基部节间长呈负相关。逐步回归和通径分析进一步发现，SWT和SBF是影响SSE的主要因素，而CGH是影响SSE的关键因素。结构方程模型表明，高度相关性状对茎秆解剖结构、力学性状和倒伏指数有显著的负向影响。在此基础上，提出了一种新的倒伏指数，即上证指数与综合增长率之比。与综合倒伏评分（D值）相关性强，与聚类结果一致性高，是一种实用的评价工具。这些发现为小麦抗倒伏性评估和指导强茎育种策略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Improving winter wheat yield and water use efficiency using soil moisture sensor-driven precision furrow irrigation 土壤水分传感器驱动的精准沟灌提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127958

Liguang Cheng , Younggu Her , Chul Soo Park , Dong-Hyeon Kim , Taeil Jang

Effective water management is critical for enhancing winter wheat yield, grain quality, and resilience in rice-wheat double-cropping systems of South and East Asia. However, production in paddy soils remains constrained by spring droughts, post-anthesis waterlogging, and the absence of region-specific irrigation guidelines. This study evaluated precision irrigation strategies integrating real-time soil moisture monitoring to improve water use efficiency (WUE) and crop performance under variable climates. Field experiments conducted over three seasons (2021–2024) in South Korea compared three treatments: conventional rainfed (CRF), soil moisture-based irrigation at 55 % available soil water (SIA), and at 55 % saturation water content (SIS). SIA consistently outperformed CRF and SIS, increasing grain yield by 20–27 %, WUE by 10–22 %, and leaf area index by up to 16 %. Maintaining soil moisture within the 0–40 cm available water range between jointing and grain filling optimized growth and resource use, whereas SIS induced oversaturation and CRF suffered from moisture deficits. This study offers an integrated framework linking agronomic performance to sensor-trigger logic and on-farm constraints. By converting real-time soil-moisture readings into stage-specific irrigation rules, this work shows that the available soil water-based threshold (SIA) increases yield and WUE over rainfed and saturation-based approaches while revealing how soils and seasonal climate shape outcomes.

有效的水分管理对于提高南亚和东亚地区稻麦两熟制冬小麦产量、粮食品质和抗灾能力至关重要。然而，水稻土的生产仍然受到春季干旱、花期内涝和缺乏区域特定灌溉准则的限制。本研究评估了结合实时土壤湿度监测的精准灌溉策略，以提高不同气候条件下的水分利用效率（WUE）和作物性能。在韩国进行了为期三个季节（2021-2024）的田间试验，比较了三种处理方法：常规雨养（CRF）、土壤水分以55% %土壤有效水分（SIA）和55% %饱和水分（SIS）灌溉。SIA的表现一直优于CRF和SIS，籽粒产量提高20-27 %，水分利用效率提高10-22 %，叶面积指数提高16 %。拔节至灌浆期土壤水分保持在0 ~ 40 cm有效水分范围内有利于生长和资源利用，而SIS诱导过饱和，CRF导致水分亏缺。这项研究提供了一个将农艺性能与传感器触发逻辑和农场约束联系起来的综合框架。通过将实时土壤湿度读数转换为特定阶段的灌溉规则，这项工作表明，与雨育和基于饱和的方法相比，可用的土壤水基阈值（SIA）提高了产量和用水效率，同时揭示了土壤和季节气候如何影响结果。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-rainfall vapor pressure deficit stress and sunshine reduction govern sub-seasonal rainfall effects on China’s rice yield 雨前水汽压亏缺胁迫和日照减少控制着亚季节降雨对中国水稻产量的影响

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127954

Feng Zhou , Guanghan Tang , Chengjie Wang , Yue Qin , Bo Fu , Jin Fu

The impact of rainfall on crop yields is highly heterogeneous, depending on its timing, intensity, and duration. However, existing studies have primarily focused on seasonal total rainfall, providing limited evidences on sub-seasonal (event-based) rainfall impacts on crop yields. This study combines nationwide site-level datasets (1999–2012) to assess rice yields response to sub-seasonal rainfall across China. The results reveal that the regional variation in rice yield sensitivity to rainfall (43 %) is primarily driven by the changes in the number of effective panicles per plant (PN, 28 %) and the total number of grains (TG, 12 %). These regional differences are linked to sub-seasonal rainfall impacts: reduced sunshine duration during the vegetative period affects PN, and pre-rainfall vapor pressure deficit during the reproductive period affects TG. Under a medium-range emission scenario (SSP2–4.5), projected rainfall changes are likely to cause an additional 7.3 ± 0.4 % decrease in national rice yields by the end of the century (2086–2100), compared to the historical baseline (1999–2012). This impact is particularly pronounced in southern China, where single and late rice yields are expected to decline by 9.3 % and 14.6 %, respectively. This contrasts with the previous projections (+1.3 ± 0.1 %) involving rainfall changes as the seasonal total. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating sub-seasonal rainfall changes into site-specific rice production adaptation strategies.

降雨对作物产量的影响是高度不均匀的，取决于降雨的时间、强度和持续时间。然而，现有的研究主要集中在季节性总降雨量上，对亚季节（基于事件）降雨对作物产量的影响提供的证据有限。本研究结合1999-2012年的全国站点数据集，评估了中国各地水稻产量对次季节性降雨的响应。结果表明，水稻产量对降雨敏感性的区域差异（43 %）主要由单株有效穗数（PN, 28 %）和总粒数（TG, 12 %）的变化驱动。这些区域差异与亚季节降雨影响有关：营养期日照时数减少影响PN，生殖期雨前水汽压亏缺影响TG。在中等排放情景（SSP2-4.5）下，到本世纪末（2086-2100年），与历史基线（1999-2012年）相比，预估的降雨量变化可能导致全国水稻产量再减少7.3 ± 0.4 %。这种影响在中国南方尤为明显，预计单稻和晚稻产量将分别下降9.3% %和14.6% %。这与以前的预测结果（+1.3 ± 0.1 %）形成对比，前者将降雨变化作为季节总量。这些发现强调了将亚季节性降雨变化纳入特定地点水稻生产适应策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of nitrogen dilution curves and nitrogen diagnosis for oilseed flax under different nitrogen and plant density 不同氮素和密度下油籽亚麻氮素稀释曲线测定及氮素诊断

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127949

Bin Yan , Zhengjun Cui , Ming Wen , Bing Wu , Haidi Wang , Yifan Wang , Yuhong Gao

<div><div>Accurate assessment of nitrogen status in oilseed flax is crucial for optimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) serves as a key diagnostic tool; however, its response to the interaction between nitrogen fertilization and planting density remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, a field experiment was conducted using three nitrogen application rates (0 (N<sub>0</sub>), 75 (N<sub>75</sub>), and 150 (N<sub>1050</sub>) kg ha⁻¹) and three planting densities (4.5 (N<sub>450</sub>), 7.5 (N<sub>750</sub>), and 10.5 (N<sub>1050</sub>) × 10⁶ plants ha⁻¹) to reveal the effects of nitrogen and planting density on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), critical nitrogen dilution curve parameters, and ecaluating subsequent impacts on nitrogen nutition status and yield. Results showed that the high-density treatment (D<sub>1050</sub>) and high-nitrogen treatment (N<sub>150</sub>) significantly enhanced dry matter (DM) accumulation during the later growth stages of flax. The effect of high nitrogen on DM shifted from inhibitory during vegetative growth to promotive during reproductive growth. Planting density had a significant positive effect on DM of oilseed flax. The combination of high nitrogen and high density (N<sub>150</sub>D<sub>1050</sub>) substantially promoted DM accumulation at Kernel and Maturity stages. Both nitrogen application and planting density exerted significant effects on leaf area index (LAI), with the highest LAI values consistently observed under the combined high nitrogen and high density treatment. High nitrogen application suppressed nitrogen accumulation under low planting density but significantly enhanced it under high density. A significant nitrogen × density interaction was evident for the critical nitrogen dilution curve parameter A1 and A2. A1 was estimated with high precision and exhibited a nonlinear response to nitrogen, peaking at moderate application rates (N<sub>75</sub>) under medium planting density (D<sub>750</sub>). In contrast, parameter A2 showed greater estimation uncertainty but pronounced sensitivity to treatments, with its value sharply declining under high nitrogen, particularly at medium density (N<sub>150</sub>D<sub>750</sub>). Higher planting densities generally reduced A2 across all nitrogen levels. A major contribution of vegetative-stage DM and LAI to parameter A1; in contrast, parameter A2 was overwhelmingly contributed by seedling DM. All nitrogen treatments resulted in nitrogen deficiency (NNI < 1) at maturity. The effectiveness of nitrogen application on NNI was highly dependent on planting density. Under low density, high nitrogen maintained superior nitrogen nutrition status through maturity. At medium density, only moderate nitrogen ensured adequate nitrogen supply at the grain-filling stage, while high nitrogen led to late-stage deficiency. Under high density, high

准确评估油籽亚麻氮素状况对优化氮素利用效率和促进可持续农业实践具有重要意义。氮营养指数（NNI）是关键的诊断工具；然而，其对氮肥和种植密度相互作用的响应尚不清楚。为了解决这一知识空白，我们进行了3种施氮量（0 （N0）、75 （N75）和150 (N1050) kg ha⁻¹）和3种种植密度（4.5 （N450）、7.5 （N750）和10.5 （N1050） × 10⁶株ha⁻¹）的田间试验，揭示了氮和种植密度对干物质和氮积累、叶面积指数（LAI）、氮关键浓度曲线参数的影响，并评估了后续对氮营养状况和产量的影响。结果表明，高密度处理（D1050）和高氮处理（N150）显著促进了亚麻生长后期干物质（DM）积累。高氮处理对DM的影响由营养生长阶段的抑制向生殖生长阶段的促进转变。种植密度对油籽亚麻的DM有显著的正影响。高氮高密度处理（N150D1050）显著促进了籽粒期和成熟期DM积累。施氮量和种植密度对叶面积指数（LAI）均有显著影响，且高氮高密度组合处理的叶面积指数一致最高。高施氮量在低密度条件下抑制氮素积累，在高密度条件下显著提高氮素积累。氮稀释曲线参数A1和A2存在显著的氮与 密度交互作用。A1的估算精度较高，对氮素具有非线性响应，在中等种植密度（D750）和中等施氮量（N75）下达到峰值。相比之下，A2参数的估计不确定性较大，但对处理的敏感性明显，在高氮条件下，特别是在中密度（N150D750）下，其值急剧下降。较高的种植密度通常会降低所有氮水平的A2。植被期DM和LAI对参数A1的主要贡献；相反，A2参数绝大部分是由幼苗DM贡献的。所有氮肥处理均导致成熟期氮素缺乏（NNI < 1）。氮肥在NNI上的施用效果高度依赖于种植密度。在低密度条件下，高氮在成熟期保持优越的氮营养状态。在中密度条件下，灌浆期只有适量施氮才能保证充足的氮素供应，而高施氮则导致后期缺氮。在高密度条件下，高施氮改善了早期营养态氮状态，高密度本身也有助于维持生殖生长过程中的氮浓度。综上所述，氮素和种植密度通过对干物质积累、LAI发育和氮动态的协同作用，交互调节油籽亚麻的生长，从而改变了关键的氮稀释曲线参数（A1和A2），塑造了整个生长周期氮营养状态（NNI）的时间格局。N75D750处理使油籽亚麻产量提高了4.1 % ~ 16.2 %，有效地平衡了产量提高和资源利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

From climate knowledge to adaptive action: Crop water requirement and agricultural water risk in the Yellow River Basin 从气候知识到适应行动：黄河流域作物需水量与农业用水风险

IF 5.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127950

Lei Sun , Quanzhong Huang , Dongyang Ren , Min Li , Xu Xu , Yunwu Xiong , Guanhua Huang

Agricultural water demand in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is increasingly shaped by climate change and human activities, posing challenges to sustainable water management. This study analyzed the temporal evolution and driving factors of crop water requirement (CWR) for four major crops—spring wheat, winter wheat, spring maize, and summer maize—using a dynamic crop coefficient model based on MODIS NDVI (2000–2020), combined with the FAO Penman–Monteith method. Pearson correlation and random forest model were employed to identify dominant climatic and anthropogenic influences. Future CWR trends (2021–2100) were projected under nine combined scenarios, integrating three CMIP6 climate pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP5–8.5) with three cropping area strategies (baseline, +15 %, –15 %). Finally, an assessment framework was established to evaluate agricultural water stress under future scenarios. Results show that the NDVI-based model effectively captures intra-seasonal crop variation and improves CWR estimation accuracy. From 2000–2020, per-unit CWR showed a significant increase for spring wheat and spring maize, whereas a decreasing trend was observed for summer maize. Human activities, especially the irrigated area, were the main driver of CWR change, surpassing climatic factors. Future projections indicate a significant upward trend in per-unit CWR (p < 0.001), with wheat being more sensitive to emission scenarios. Spatially, high-CWR zones are expected to shift from the arid northwest to the central and lower plains. Scenario combined high emission with planting expansion exhibit an approximately 16 % increase in mean annual CWR and result in the highest projected water stress. These findings provide a scientific basis for adaptive water governance and climate-resilient agricultural planning in large river basins.

黄河流域农业用水需求日益受到气候变化和人类活动的影响，对可持续水资源管理提出了挑战。采用基于MODIS NDVI的动态作物系数模型（2000-2020年），结合FAO Penman-Monteith方法，分析了春小麦、冬小麦、春玉米和夏玉米4种主要作物作物需水量（CWR）的时间演变及其驱动因素。采用Pearson相关和随机森林模型来确定主要的气候和人为影响。综合3种CMIP6气候路径（SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP5-8.5）和3种种植面积策略（基线、+ 15% %、- 15% %），预测了未来CWR趋势（2021-2100）在9种组合情景下的变化趋势。最后，建立了未来情景下农业水资源压力评估框架。结果表明，基于ndvi的模型能有效地捕捉作物季节性变化，提高CWR估计精度。2000-2020年，春小麦和春玉米的单位CWR呈显著上升趋势，夏玉米呈下降趋势。人类活动，尤其是灌区活动，是水资源变化的主要驱动力，超过了气候因素。未来的预测表明，单位CWR有显著上升趋势（p <； 0.001），小麦对排放情景更为敏感。从空间上看，高cwr区将从干旱的西北向中低平原转移。高排放与种植扩张相结合的情景显示，年平均CWR增加约16% %，并导致最高的预估水分胁迫。这些发现为大流域适应性水资源治理和气候适应型农业规划提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0