This letter proposes a leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on an odd-mode spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) waveguide, offering full-space beam scanning capability and stopband suppression. The SSPPs waveguide comprises periodically arranged complementary T-shaped units and is excited by a microstrip-to-slot transition to generate an odd-mode E-field distribution. Sinusoidal modulation with a waveform shift creates an asymmetric radiation field, suppressing the open stopband and enabling continuous scanning. Additionally, stub branches are uniformly placed at the modulated E-field peaks, significantly enhancing radiation efficiency and gain, particularly at edge frequencies. Simulated and measured results demonstrate a 9.5 GHz to 16.75 GHz operating band (55.2%), with 93% average radiation efficiency and 11.3 dBi average realized gain. The combination of structural simplicity, stopband suppression, and high-efficiency full-space scanning makes the proposed design superior to conventional LWAs.
{"title":"A Full-Space Continuously Scanning SSPP Antenna With Stopband Suppression Enabled by Sinusoidal Odd-Mode Modulation","authors":"Xiangzhuang Song;Bian Wu;Yifeng Fan;Jiao Yin;Yu-Tong Zhao","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605866","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on an odd-mode spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) waveguide, offering full-space beam scanning capability and stopband suppression. The SSPPs waveguide comprises periodically arranged complementary T-shaped units and is excited by a microstrip-to-slot transition to generate an odd-mode E-field distribution. Sinusoidal modulation with a waveform shift creates an asymmetric radiation field, suppressing the open stopband and enabling continuous scanning. Additionally, stub branches are uniformly placed at the modulated E-field peaks, significantly enhancing radiation efficiency and gain, particularly at edge frequencies. Simulated and measured results demonstrate a 9.5 GHz to 16.75 GHz operating band (55.2%), with 93% average radiation efficiency and 11.3 dBi average realized gain. The combination of structural simplicity, stopband suppression, and high-efficiency full-space scanning makes the proposed design superior to conventional LWAs.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3819-3823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605532
Mikhail S. Lytaev
The problem of tropospheric tomography is considered. The task is formulated as finding an inverse operator that maps electromagnetic field measurement data to the spatial distribution of the refractive index. The DeepONet architecture and an automatically differentiable parabolic equation are used to construct the inverse operator. Training data is generated using the parabolic equation method. Unlike previous works, the proposed method does not require prior information about the spatial distribution of the refractive index profile. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated for typical profiles: evaporation duct, surface duct, and trilinear profiles. A comparison with the adjoint method and genetic algorithm was carried out. It is shown that the proposed method allows performing inversion with an accuracy of up to 1 M-unit in real time.
{"title":"Tropospheric Refractivity Estimation Using DeepONet","authors":"Mikhail S. Lytaev","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605532","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of tropospheric tomography is considered. The task is formulated as finding an inverse operator that maps electromagnetic field measurement data to the spatial distribution of the refractive index. The DeepONet architecture and an automatically differentiable parabolic equation are used to construct the inverse operator. Training data is generated using the parabolic equation method. Unlike previous works, the proposed method does not require prior information about the spatial distribution of the refractive index profile. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated for typical profiles: evaporation duct, surface duct, and trilinear profiles. A comparison with the adjoint method and genetic algorithm was carried out. It is shown that the proposed method allows performing inversion with an accuracy of up to 1 M-unit in real time.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3794-3798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605606
Zhuozhu Chen;Zhengyu Zhang;Hongbo Zhu;Zhenxin Hu
This letter presents a circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on cross-helix with a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) coverage. First, a twin-helix is utilized to attain a symmetrically omnidirectional radiation pattern with circular polarization while maintaining a compact size. Then, by employing cross-arranged helices and a 90° hybrid coupler, a Huygens source with a wide CP radiation beam is realized. Additionally, a balun based on coaxial-wire and a λ/4 conductor strip is utilized to provide the differential feed signal. Simulation results reveal that the proposed antenna achieves a −10 dB bandwidth from 2.35 GHz to 2.46 GHz. A very wide 3 dB AR beamwidth with ±90° in the two principal planes and at least ±75° in other cut-planes in the hemispherical space is obtained. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested, and measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Characterized by the wide 3 dB AR spatial coverage, the proposed antenna exhibits great potential in wireless communication applications.
{"title":"Circularly Polarized Cross-Helix Antenna With Quasi-Hemispherical 3 dB Axial Ratio Coverage","authors":"Zhuozhu Chen;Zhengyu Zhang;Hongbo Zhu;Zhenxin Hu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605606","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on cross-helix with a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) coverage. First, a twin-helix is utilized to attain a symmetrically omnidirectional radiation pattern with circular polarization while maintaining a compact size. Then, by employing cross-arranged helices and a 90° hybrid coupler, a Huygens source with a wide CP radiation beam is realized. Additionally, a balun based on coaxial-wire and a λ/4 conductor strip is utilized to provide the differential feed signal. Simulation results reveal that the proposed antenna achieves a −10 dB bandwidth from 2.35 GHz to 2.46 GHz. A very wide 3 dB AR beamwidth with ±90° in the two principal planes and at least ±75° in other cut-planes in the hemispherical space is obtained. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested, and measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Characterized by the wide 3 dB AR spatial coverage, the proposed antenna exhibits great potential in wireless communication applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3804-3808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605586
Bingyi Qian;Aofang Zhang;Xiaoming Chen;Ahmed A. Kishk
An ultralow-profile decoupling patch (DP) structure is proposed for E-plane microstrip antenna arrays. Without requiring ground modification or complex circuitry, the DP introduces a secondary coupling path that destructively interferes with surface wave coupling. Full-wave simulations and experimental results of a 1 × 4 array validate the design, showing isolation enhancement from −17 dB to −55 dB while preserving stable gain, high efficiency, and unaltered radiation patterns.
{"title":"Ultralow-Profile Decoupling Patch Structure for E-Plane Microstrip Antenna Arrays","authors":"Bingyi Qian;Aofang Zhang;Xiaoming Chen;Ahmed A. Kishk","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605586","url":null,"abstract":"An ultralow-profile decoupling patch (DP) structure is proposed for E-plane microstrip antenna arrays. Without requiring ground modification or complex circuitry, the DP introduces a secondary coupling path that destructively interferes with surface wave coupling. Full-wave simulations and experimental results of a 1 × 4 array validate the design, showing isolation enhancement from −17 dB to −55 dB while preserving stable gain, high efficiency, and unaltered radiation patterns.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3799-3803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605713
David W. K. Thomas;Kai Wu;Y. Jay Guo
This letter examines truncation errors in hierarchical beamforming networks using layered time delay units. While quantization errors are assumed to be bounded by half the least significant bit (LSB/2), this assumption breaks down at low resolution, leading to delay truncation and significant phase errors. A revised framework is proposed, which introduces a scaling factor to account for cumulative quantization error propagation and to derive the required delay range for each layer. Closed-form expressions and simulations illustrate how bit allocation affects truncation risk and phase error growth. The results provide design tools to balance resolution, scan range and phase performance.
{"title":"Tradeoffs in Avoiding Truncation in Hierarchical Time Delay Beamforming Networks","authors":"David W. K. Thomas;Kai Wu;Y. Jay Guo","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605713","url":null,"abstract":"This letter examines truncation errors in hierarchical beamforming networks using layered time delay units. While quantization errors are assumed to be bounded by half the least significant bit (LSB/2), this assumption breaks down at low resolution, leading to delay truncation and significant phase errors. A revised framework is proposed, which introduces a scaling factor to account for cumulative quantization error propagation and to derive the required delay range for each layer. Closed-form expressions and simulations illustrate how bit allocation affects truncation risk and phase error growth. The results provide design tools to balance resolution, scan range and phase performance.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3809-3813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605393
Jiale Liu;Feng Liang;Xu Ni;Xiangru Wang;Deshuang Zhao;Bing-Zhong Wang
A low-profile circularly polarized liquid crystal (LC) folded reflectarray antenna operating at 30 GHz is proposed. The antenna consists of a 16 × 16 LC reconfigurable main reflector, a multilayer metasurface subreflector, and an integrated linearly polarized feed at the center of the main reflector. To verify this design, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. It features a low profile height of only 2.5λ0 with an H/D ratio of 0.31. Its beam can be continuously steered, covering ±45° in the elevation plane and 0° to 360° in the azimuth plane. The measured 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 9.3% (28.6 GHz to 31.4 GHz).
{"title":"Ka-Band Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Liquid Crystal Folded Reflectarray Antenna","authors":"Jiale Liu;Feng Liang;Xu Ni;Xiangru Wang;Deshuang Zhao;Bing-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605393","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile circularly polarized liquid crystal (LC) folded reflectarray antenna operating at 30 GHz is proposed. The antenna consists of a 16 × 16 LC reconfigurable main reflector, a multilayer metasurface subreflector, and an integrated linearly polarized feed at the center of the main reflector. To verify this design, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. It features a low profile height of only 2.5<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> with an H/D ratio of 0.31. Its beam can be continuously steered, covering ±45° in the elevation plane and 0° to 360° in the azimuth plane. The measured 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 9.3% (28.6 GHz to 31.4 GHz).","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3789-3793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605301
Peyman Abdipour;George V. Eleftheriades
Electromagnetic structures that provide multiple operations simultaneously are highly desired in several wave propagation applications. In this letter, we propose all-metallic metagratings that can realize multiple functionalities without requiring any dynamic elements. The constituent scatterers are spatially dispersive (nonlocal) and are designed such that, at a set of specified incident angles, various wave transformations occur for transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized excitations. Moreover, the designed structures completely reflect the incident power under transverse electric (TE) polarization. It is shown that, using these structures, many anomalous refraction and reflection phenomena can be achieved simultaneously. Being passive and static, such structures can be efficiently utilized as various devices like beam deflectors, isolators, and polarizers.
{"title":"Multifunctional Static Metagratings Using Metallic Scatterers With Strong Spatial Dispersion","authors":"Peyman Abdipour;George V. Eleftheriades","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605301","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic structures that provide multiple operations simultaneously are highly desired in several wave propagation applications. In this letter, we propose all-metallic metagratings that can realize multiple functionalities without requiring any dynamic elements. The constituent scatterers are spatially dispersive (nonlocal) and are designed such that, at a set of specified incident angles, various wave transformations occur for transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized excitations. Moreover, the designed structures completely reflect the incident power under transverse electric (TE) polarization. It is shown that, using these structures, many anomalous refraction and reflection phenomena can be achieved simultaneously. Being passive and static, such structures can be efficiently utilized as various devices like beam deflectors, isolators, and polarizers.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3784-3788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3604517
Myung Kyun Woo
Ultra-high field (UHF, ≥7 Tesla (T)) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely adopted for its ability to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for high-resolution imaging. However, the limitation of UHF is its nonuniform field distribution, which poses a challenge for clinical applications. Based on the evaluations of monopole antenna arrays (MAs), we have acquired uniform human brain images with high transmit and receive performance. However, they have limitations in terms of relatively longitudinal short coverage for human whole-brain imaging. To address this, we have developed a newly designed MA with floating shields. This design shows superior performance in terms of the extension of the longitudinal coverage. However, it still does not provide sufficient uniform images for clinical usages. Therefore, we aim to improve field uniformity by designing and fabricating monopole antennas with spiral antenna concept. In this study, we developed three types of 8-channel MAs: a conventional MA, an extended spiral monopole array (ESMA) without individual shielding, and an ESMA with individual shielding (ESMAS). Experimental evaluations confirmed the superior performance of the ESMAS, producing more uniform transmit and receive profiles. High-resolution brain imaging was successfully obtained at 7 T using the ESMAS.
{"title":"Evaluation of Spiral Monopole Antenna Arrays for Human Brain Imaging at 7 Tesla","authors":"Myung Kyun Woo","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3604517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3604517","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high field (UHF, ≥7 Tesla (T)) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely adopted for its ability to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for high-resolution imaging. However, the limitation of UHF is its nonuniform field distribution, which poses a challenge for clinical applications. Based on the evaluations of monopole antenna arrays (MAs), we have acquired uniform human brain images with high transmit and receive performance. However, they have limitations in terms of relatively longitudinal short coverage for human whole-brain imaging. To address this, we have developed a newly designed MA with floating shields. This design shows superior performance in terms of the extension of the longitudinal coverage. However, it still does not provide sufficient uniform images for clinical usages. Therefore, we aim to improve field uniformity by designing and fabricating monopole antennas with spiral antenna concept. In this study, we developed three types of 8-channel MAs: a conventional MA, an extended spiral monopole array (ESMA) without individual shielding, and an ESMA with individual shielding (ESMAS). Experimental evaluations confirmed the superior performance of the ESMAS, producing more uniform transmit and receive profiles. High-resolution brain imaging was successfully obtained at 7 T using the ESMAS.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3774-3778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11145937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this letter, a new design concept to enhance the bandwidth and out-of-band suppression of the circularly polarized (CP) patch array antenna is proposed without requiring increased size or complicated structure. Based on the similarities in the processing technique and resonant characteristics between the patch resonator and substrate-integrated-waveguide cavity, the two types of resonators are integrated to excite two pairs of orthogonal degenerate modes, which have nearby frequencies and exhibit similar radiation performance. These four radiative modes facilitate significant improvement of both the impedance and gain bandwidths. Meanwhile, two CP axial ratio (AR) poles are produced, thus effectively enhancing the CP bandwidth. Besides, the out-of-band suppression level is enhanced with a radiation null appearing at the upper stopband. To clearly reveal the proposed broadband concept, two array antennas with the scales of 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 are constructed and discussed. Both prototypes demonstrate similar performance improvement. Specifically, the 2 × 2 array achieves an AR bandwidth of 5.94% along with the stable broadside gain of 13.81 dBi to 14.23 dBi. Compared to the traditional patch antenna array, the bandwidth is approximately 3.12 times wider while radiation performance and structural advantages are fully preserved.
{"title":"Compact Single-Layer Wideband CP Antenna Array With Stable Radiation and Filtering Performance Using Patch Resonator and SIW Cavity","authors":"Qianwen Liu;Huan Yan;Lei Zhu;Yiming Tang;Yun-peng Lyu;Feng Huang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3605013","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a new design concept to enhance the bandwidth and out-of-band suppression of the circularly polarized (CP) patch array antenna is proposed without requiring increased size or complicated structure. Based on the similarities in the processing technique and resonant characteristics between the patch resonator and substrate-integrated-waveguide cavity, the two types of resonators are integrated to excite two pairs of orthogonal degenerate modes, which have nearby frequencies and exhibit similar radiation performance. These four radiative modes facilitate significant improvement of both the impedance and gain bandwidths. Meanwhile, two CP axial ratio (AR) poles are produced, thus effectively enhancing the CP bandwidth. Besides, the out-of-band suppression level is enhanced with a radiation null appearing at the upper stopband. To clearly reveal the proposed broadband concept, two array antennas with the scales of 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 are constructed and discussed. Both prototypes demonstrate similar performance improvement. Specifically, the 2 × 2 array achieves an AR bandwidth of 5.94% along with the stable broadside gain of 13.81 dBi to 14.23 dBi. Compared to the traditional patch antenna array, the bandwidth is approximately 3.12 times wider while radiation performance and structural advantages are fully preserved.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3779-3783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3588261
Zhuozhu Chen;Jinwei Cheng;Sha Xu;Wensong Wang
In this letter, an ultrawideband low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with asymmetric cross-dipoles, parasitic patches, and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. A vacant-quarter ring connects orthogonal dipole arms to introduce the required 90° phase difference for generating CP radiation. To reduce the profile of the antenna, an AMC reflector is positioned beneath the radiator. The AMC reflector consists of hybrid metallic patterns printed on a substrate, where two different types of unit cells are arranged in the center and around the periphery separately to expand the in-phase reflection bandwidth. Additionally, metallic strips are added around the edge of the ground to improve the axial ratio and radiation pattern at lower frequencies. Measured results indicate that the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are 1.51 GHz to 5.13 GHz (109%) and 1.54 GHz to 3.57 GHz (79.5%), respectively. The antenna gains maintain 6.3 dBic to 8.3 dBic within the whole operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the antenna features a low profile of 0.13λL corresponding to the lowest operating frequency.
{"title":"Ultrawideband Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Cross-Dipole Antenna With Hybrid AMC Reflector","authors":"Zhuozhu Chen;Jinwei Cheng;Sha Xu;Wensong Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3588261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3588261","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, an ultrawideband low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with asymmetric cross-dipoles, parasitic patches, and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. A vacant-quarter ring connects orthogonal dipole arms to introduce the required 90° phase difference for generating CP radiation. To reduce the profile of the antenna, an AMC reflector is positioned beneath the radiator. The AMC reflector consists of hybrid metallic patterns printed on a substrate, where two different types of unit cells are arranged in the center and around the periphery separately to expand the in-phase reflection bandwidth. Additionally, metallic strips are added around the edge of the ground to improve the axial ratio and radiation pattern at lower frequencies. Measured results indicate that the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are 1.51 GHz to 5.13 GHz (109%) and 1.54 GHz to 3.57 GHz (79.5%), respectively. The antenna gains maintain 6.3 dBic to 8.3 dBic within the whole operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the antenna features a low profile of 0.13<italic>λ<sub>L</sub></i> corresponding to the lowest operating frequency.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3278-3282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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