Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3588191
Enlin Wang;Oskar Talcoth;Lars Manholm;Ashraf Uz Zaman;Jian Yang
This letter presents an E-band monopulse feed with broadband gap-waveguide adaptive phase shifters for Gregorian reflector antennas tailored for 5G backhaul communications. The monopulse functionality is achieved using a gap-waveguide-based $2times 2$ step-horn-array feed with a feeding network comprising 3 dB couplers and adaptive phase shifters. The antenna achieves an ultrahigh-gain of 50 dBi through integration of the feed with a Gregorian reflector antenna and employs beamsteering by offsetting the feed from the subreflector focus. However, the feed offsetting degrades the null depth in difference ($Delta$) patterns. Therefore, a new phase compensation strategy is proposed, involving a codesign of adaptive phase shifters with the offset by using a numerical phase compensation function quantified in this work based on simulation data through GRASP and CST. The fabricated antenna demonstrates reflection coefficients below $-10$ dB for both polarizations over 71 GHz to 86 GHz. The measured radiation patterns and gains align closely with the simulated results. The system achieves a maximum gain of 50.48 dBi, with beamsteering within $pm 2^circ$ from boresight and a maximum steering loss of 0.96 dB. The null depth of all $Delta$-beams is maintained above 20 dB. These results highlight the significant potential of this antenna for 5G backhaul communications.
{"title":"A Steerable Dual-Polarized Monopulse Reflector Antenna With Gap-Waveguide Adaptive Phase Shifters for E-Band Backhaul","authors":"Enlin Wang;Oskar Talcoth;Lars Manholm;Ashraf Uz Zaman;Jian Yang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3588191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3588191","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an E-band monopulse feed with broadband gap-waveguide adaptive phase shifters for Gregorian reflector antennas tailored for 5G backhaul communications. The monopulse functionality is achieved using a gap-waveguide-based <inline-formula><tex-math>$2times 2$</tex-math></inline-formula> step-horn-array feed with a feeding network comprising 3 dB couplers and adaptive phase shifters. The antenna achieves an ultrahigh-gain of 50 dBi through integration of the feed with a Gregorian reflector antenna and employs beamsteering by offsetting the feed from the subreflector focus. However, the feed offsetting degrades the null depth in difference (<inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta$</tex-math></inline-formula>) patterns. Therefore, a new phase compensation strategy is proposed, involving a codesign of adaptive phase shifters with the offset by using a numerical phase compensation function quantified in this work based on simulation data through GRASP and CST. The fabricated antenna demonstrates reflection coefficients below <inline-formula><tex-math>$-10$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB for both polarizations over 71 GHz to 86 GHz. The measured radiation patterns and gains align closely with the simulated results. The system achieves a maximum gain of 50.48 dBi, with beamsteering within <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm 2^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> from boresight and a maximum steering loss of 0.96 dB. The null depth of all <inline-formula><tex-math>$Delta$</tex-math></inline-formula>-beams is maintained above 20 dB. These results highlight the significant potential of this antenna for 5G backhaul communications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3268-3272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587350
Yifan Lu;Changjiang Deng;Yiming Fan;Rongrong Dong
In this letter, a miniature multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna pair operating at the 3.5 GHz band is proposed for 5G mobile terminals. The design consists of dual inverted-F antennas (IFAs) arranged in an asymmetric mirrored configuration with respect to the chassis ground plane, occupying a compact size of 12 mm × 5 mm. By adding an inductor at the center of the 1-mm-wide gap between the two closely spaced IFAs, the mutual coupling is greatly reduced. The decoupling mechanism is explained from the perspective of common mode and differential mode cancellation. A prototype of the proposed antenna pair is fabricated. The measured −6 dB overlapping bandwidth of the two ports covers the 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz band, with port isolation higher than 22.4 dB.
{"title":"Miniaturized MIMO Antenna Design Based on Mode Cancellation Method for 5G Mobile Terminals","authors":"Yifan Lu;Changjiang Deng;Yiming Fan;Rongrong Dong","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587350","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a miniature multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna pair operating at the 3.5 GHz band is proposed for 5G mobile terminals. The design consists of dual inverted-F antennas (IFAs) arranged in an asymmetric mirrored configuration with respect to the chassis ground plane, occupying a compact size of 12 mm × 5 mm. By adding an inductor at the center of the 1-mm-wide gap between the two closely spaced IFAs, the mutual coupling is greatly reduced. The decoupling mechanism is explained from the perspective of common mode and differential mode cancellation. A prototype of the proposed antenna pair is fabricated. The measured −6 dB overlapping bandwidth of the two ports covers the 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz band, with port isolation higher than 22.4 dB.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3253-3257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586936
Y. Cho;Y. Sung
In this letter, we propose a 2 × 2 array antenna capable of 3-D beam-steering and operating frequency adjustment. Each element consists of a patch antenna and a narrow-width I-shaped stub, with two varactor diodes placed between them. By varying the equivalent capacitance values of the varactors applied to each patch, a phase difference between the patches is achieved. As a result, the proposed antenna has continuous beam-steering within the range of −15° to +15° in elevation plane and full 360° in azimuth plane. Additionally, the resonant frequencies of the antenna could be adjusted depending on the equivalent capacitance values between the patch antenna and stub. From the measurement results, the proposed antenna shows continuous 3-D beam-steering of 30° in the 6.87% (2.95 GHz to 3.16 GHz) usable bandwidth.
{"title":"3-D Beam-Steering 2 × 2 Array Antenna With Tunable Frequency Based on the Phase Difference Between Patches","authors":"Y. Cho;Y. Sung","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586936","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a 2 × 2 array antenna capable of 3-D beam-steering and operating frequency adjustment. Each element consists of a patch antenna and a narrow-width I-shaped stub, with two varactor diodes placed between them. By varying the equivalent capacitance values of the varactors applied to each patch, a phase difference between the patches is achieved. As a result, the proposed antenna has continuous beam-steering within the range of −15° to +15° in elevation plane and full 360° in azimuth plane. Additionally, the resonant frequencies of the antenna could be adjusted depending on the equivalent capacitance values between the patch antenna and stub. From the measurement results, the proposed antenna shows continuous 3-D beam-steering of 30° in the 6.87% (2.95 GHz to 3.16 GHz) usable bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3223-3227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587792
Na Li;Yingguo Jiang;Ye Han
This letter proposes an innovative sandwich frequency selective surface (FSS) that integrates the periodic hollow architecture of aluminum honeycomb with cavity resonance. First, the resonant characteristics of the hollow honeycomb cavities are investigated. A 33% cavity miniaturization can be achieved by converting cavity sidewall boundaries from perfect electric conductor to perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) conditions. Then, a slot structure located at the two boundaries of the honeycomb cavity is introduced to provide slot resonance and act as an equivalent PMC wall to excite the TM0,2/3,0 mode of the cavity. Finally, a dual-pole bandpass FSS with a center frequency of 7.07 GHz is achieved, featuring a small thickness of 0.059λ0. The electromagnetic-mechanical properties of aluminum honeycomb-based FSS were fabricated and measured to validate the proposed design strategies. Mechanical tests revealed compressive strength exceeding 2.1 MPa with a density of 0.702 g/cm3, highlighting its lightweight and load-bearing advantages.
{"title":"Investigation on Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface Based on Aluminum Honeycomb Cavity","authors":"Na Li;Yingguo Jiang;Ye Han","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587792","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an innovative sandwich frequency selective surface (FSS) that integrates the periodic hollow architecture of aluminum honeycomb with cavity resonance. First, the resonant characteristics of the hollow honeycomb cavities are investigated. A 33% cavity miniaturization can be achieved by converting cavity sidewall boundaries from perfect electric conductor to perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) conditions. Then, a slot structure located at the two boundaries of the honeycomb cavity is introduced to provide slot resonance and act as an equivalent PMC wall to excite the TM<sub>0,2/3,0</sub> mode of the cavity. Finally, a dual-pole bandpass FSS with a center frequency of 7.07 GHz is achieved, featuring a small thickness of 0.059<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub>. The electromagnetic-mechanical properties of aluminum honeycomb-based FSS were fabricated and measured to validate the proposed design strategies. Mechanical tests revealed compressive strength exceeding 2.1 MPa with a density of 0.702 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, highlighting its lightweight and load-bearing advantages.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3263-3267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587295
Minh Quang Nguyen;Khac Kiem Nguyen;Son Xuat Ta
A dual-band circularly polarized (CP) shared-aperture grid-patch/Fabry–Perot antenna with a low profile is presented for CubeSat applications. A conducting grid layer is incorporated with a periodic metasurface to act as a partially reflective surface (PRS) of the low-profile Fabry–Perot resonant cavity. A slotted circular patch is used as the feed of the Fabry–Perot antenna to produce high-gain CP radiation in the $X$ band. The grid layer of the PRS is reused as a patch radiator in the $L$ band, which is designed with truncated corners to generate CP radiation. The proposed antenna is implemented on a three-layer substrate without air-gap for a sturdy structure. A fabricated prototype with overall size of $text{98 mm} times text{98 mm} times text{3.94}$ mm achieves right-hand CP radiation within 1.230 GHz to 1.242 GHz and 8.0 GHz to 8.4 GHz with an isolation $ge$ 20 dB. Noting that the frequencies and polarization of the two bands can be easily adjusted by using the same design concept.
提出了一种适用于立方体卫星的低轮廓双频圆极化共享孔径栅格-贴片/法布里-珀罗天线。导电网格层与周期性超表面结合，作为低轮廓法布里-珀罗谐振腔的部分反射表面（PRS）。开槽圆形贴片用作法布里-珀罗天线的馈源，在X波段产生高增益CP辐射。PRS的网格层在$L$波段作为贴片辐射器重用，该贴片辐射器设计为截断角来产生CP辐射。所提出的天线在无气隙的三层基板上实现，以获得坚固的结构。一个整体尺寸为98 mm × 3.94 mm的原型机在1.230 GHz至1.242 GHz和8.0 GHz至8.4 GHz范围内实现了右侧CP辐射，隔离度为20 dB。注意到两个波段的频率和极化可以很容易地通过使用相同的设计概念进行调整。
{"title":"A Low-Profile Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Shared-Aperture Grid-Patch/Fabry–Perot Antenna for CubeSat Applications","authors":"Minh Quang Nguyen;Khac Kiem Nguyen;Son Xuat Ta","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587295","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band circularly polarized (CP) shared-aperture grid-patch/Fabry–Perot antenna with a low profile is presented for CubeSat applications. A conducting grid layer is incorporated with a periodic metasurface to act as a partially reflective surface (PRS) of the low-profile Fabry–Perot resonant cavity. A slotted circular patch is used as the feed of the Fabry–Perot antenna to produce high-gain CP radiation in the <inline-formula><tex-math>$X$</tex-math></inline-formula> band. The grid layer of the PRS is reused as a patch radiator in the <inline-formula><tex-math>$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> band, which is designed with truncated corners to generate CP radiation. The proposed antenna is implemented on a three-layer substrate without air-gap for a sturdy structure. A fabricated prototype with overall size of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{98 mm} times text{98 mm} times text{3.94}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mm achieves right-hand CP radiation within 1.230 GHz to 1.242 GHz and 8.0 GHz to 8.4 GHz with an isolation <inline-formula><tex-math>$ge$</tex-math></inline-formula> 20 dB. Noting that the frequencies and polarization of the two bands can be easily adjusted by using the same design concept.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3243-3247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A miniaturized metasurface sensor with high sensitivity and polarization-insensitive characteristics based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is presented. The unit cell of the sensor consists of a spiral structure and a square metal frame, which generates the EIT. Experimental and calculated transmission spectra are in good agreement with the simulated results. Analysis of the electric field distributions, magnetic field distributions, and surface current distributions reveals that the EIT is primarily caused by spoof electric localized surface plasmons and electric dipole interactions, further supported by multipole scattering theory. The proposed sensor retains consistent sensitivity under oblique incidence conditions from 0° to 60° while maintaining polarization angle independence. The metasurface sensor achieves a measured sensitivity of 3.7 GHz/RIU, closely matching the simulated sensitivity of 4 GHz/RIU, highlighting its superior sensing performance. This work provides a novel approach for metasurface sensors and demonstrates significant potential for applications in detection.
{"title":"A Miniaturized Metasurface Sensor Using Spoof Electric Localized Surface Plasmons","authors":"Ming-Ming Chen;Wen-Kang Wu;Qi Zheng;Zhen-Xing Xia;Xue-Xia Yang;Steven Gao","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587722","url":null,"abstract":"A miniaturized metasurface sensor with high sensitivity and polarization-insensitive characteristics based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is presented. The unit cell of the sensor consists of a spiral structure and a square metal frame, which generates the EIT. Experimental and calculated transmission spectra are in good agreement with the simulated results. Analysis of the electric field distributions, magnetic field distributions, and surface current distributions reveals that the EIT is primarily caused by spoof electric localized surface plasmons and electric dipole interactions, further supported by multipole scattering theory. The proposed sensor retains consistent sensitivity under oblique incidence conditions from 0° to 60° while maintaining polarization angle independence. The metasurface sensor achieves a measured sensitivity of 3.7 GHz/RIU, closely matching the simulated sensitivity of 4 GHz/RIU, highlighting its superior sensing performance. This work provides a novel approach for metasurface sensors and demonstrates significant potential for applications in detection.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3258-3262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586907
Di Wu;Qi Wu
Calculating characteristic modes of dielectric objects with the volume integral operator (VIO) is computationally inefficient. The volumetric mesh generates a large impedance matrix and results in a time-consuming eigenvalue equation-solving process. Skeletonization is employed to improve the efficiency of the VIO-based method by leveraging the rank-deficient property. Both the memory and time required for assembling impedance matrices are significantly reduced. The repeated matrix-vector multiplications involved in solving the eigenvalue equation are expedited. Numerical examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Parameter optimization is performed to achieve a more practical and efficient algorithm setting.
{"title":"Fast Computation of Volume Integral Operator-Based Characteristic Modes With Skeletonization","authors":"Di Wu;Qi Wu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586907","url":null,"abstract":"Calculating characteristic modes of dielectric objects with the volume integral operator (VIO) is computationally inefficient. The volumetric mesh generates a large impedance matrix and results in a time-consuming eigenvalue equation-solving process. Skeletonization is employed to improve the efficiency of the VIO-based method by leveraging the rank-deficient property. Both the memory and time required for assembling impedance matrices are significantly reduced. The repeated matrix-vector multiplications involved in solving the eigenvalue equation are expedited. Numerical examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Parameter optimization is performed to achieve a more practical and efficient algorithm setting.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3218-3222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587296
Yikai Chen;Xiaochi Lu;Haotian Li;Shiwen Yang
Shared-aperture antenna arrays are promising for the integration of multiple antenna array apertures in a limited space, ensuring sufficient frequency bandwidth and angular coverage. However, these arrays often suffer from serious cross-band coupling, leading to deterioration in radiation performance. This letter proposes a novel balun integrated with miniaturized open-circuited stubs. By cascading multiple quarter-wavelength open stubs and strategically bending them to fit the maximum width, the proposed balun introduces transmission zeros that provide filtering capability for electromagnetic interference from other frequency bands. An equivalent circuit model is then developed to facilitate the integration of the balun with the antennas. With the novel miniaturized filtering balun and the equivalent circuit model, a triple-band antenna array for the fifth-generation base stations is developed. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Measured results illustrate that the isolation between the low-band (0.69 GHz to 0.96 GHz) and middle-band (1.90 GHz to 2.70 GHz) is improved from 18.0 dB to 32.0 dB in the middle-band, and the isolation between the low-band and high-band (3.30 GHz to 3.90 GHz) is improved from 25.0 dB to 36.0 dB in the high-band.
{"title":"A Miniaturized Low-Pass Filtering Balun for Cross-Band Isolation Enhancement in Triple-Band Shared-Aperture Antenna Arrays","authors":"Yikai Chen;Xiaochi Lu;Haotian Li;Shiwen Yang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587296","url":null,"abstract":"Shared-aperture antenna arrays are promising for the integration of multiple antenna array apertures in a limited space, ensuring sufficient frequency bandwidth and angular coverage. However, these arrays often suffer from serious cross-band coupling, leading to deterioration in radiation performance. This letter proposes a novel balun integrated with miniaturized open-circuited stubs. By cascading multiple quarter-wavelength open stubs and strategically bending them to fit the maximum width, the proposed balun introduces transmission zeros that provide filtering capability for electromagnetic interference from other frequency bands. An equivalent circuit model is then developed to facilitate the integration of the balun with the antennas. With the novel miniaturized filtering balun and the equivalent circuit model, a triple-band antenna array for the fifth-generation base stations is developed. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Measured results illustrate that the isolation between the low-band (0.69 GHz to 0.96 GHz) and middle-band (1.90 GHz to 2.70 GHz) is improved from 18.0 dB to 32.0 dB in the middle-band, and the isolation between the low-band and high-band (3.30 GHz to 3.90 GHz) is improved from 25.0 dB to 36.0 dB in the high-band.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3248-3252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587273
Can Cui;Paolo Rocca;Andrea Massa
In this letter, a method based on an encoder–decoder fully convolutional network is proposed for the efficient synthesis of planar arrays fulfilling user-defined beampattern masks. The decoder introduces a novel sub-pixel convolutional layer to yield an accurate and fast upsampling regression from the array excitations to the radiated pattern. The encoder is trained to minimize the deviation between the desired shaped beampattern and the actual one. By collaborating with the pretrained decoder, an efficient training of the encoder can be realized to yield a set of array excitations that fit the design objectives. Representative numerical results are reported to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
{"title":"Shaped Beampattern Synthesis of Planar Arrays With Fully Convolutional Networks","authors":"Can Cui;Paolo Rocca;Andrea Massa","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587273","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a method based on an encoder–decoder fully convolutional network is proposed for the efficient synthesis of planar arrays fulfilling user-defined beampattern masks. The decoder introduces a novel sub-pixel convolutional layer to yield an accurate and fast upsampling regression from the array excitations to the radiated pattern. The encoder is trained to minimize the deviation between the desired shaped beampattern and the actual one. By collaborating with the pretrained decoder, an efficient training of the encoder can be realized to yield a set of array excitations that fit the design objectives. Representative numerical results are reported to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3233-3237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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