Prescribed burning is used to reduce fuel loads and to return fire to its historic disturbance role in western forests. Managers need to know the effects of prescribed fire on tree growth. Growth of residual ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) was measured in an existing long-term study of the effects of season-of-prescribed burn in combination with a single or a repeated burn. Each of six previously thinned mixed-age stands in the Blue Mountains near Burns, Oregon, was subdivided into three experimental units, and one of three treatments was randomly assigned to each: fall 1997 burn, spring 1998 burn, and no burn (control). Treatments were operational-sized prescribed burns. In 2002/2003 each burned unit was split, and one-half was burned again, maintaining the original season of burn. Sample trees were evaluated for growth 5 and 10 seasons after the initial prescribed fires. We conclude that after accounting for the crown scorch proportion neither a single spring or fall prescribed fire treatment nor a repeated fire treatment 5 years later affected the growth of thinned ponderosa pine 10 years after the initial 1997/1998 fires. A linear regression is included to estimate bark thickness based on dbh.
{"title":"Field Note: Impact of Spring or Fall Repeated Prescribed Fire on Growth of Ponderosa Pine in Eastern Oregon, USA","authors":"W. Thies, Douglas J. Westlind, M. Loewen","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-044","url":null,"abstract":"Prescribed burning is used to reduce fuel loads and to return fire to its historic disturbance role in western forests. Managers need to know the effects of prescribed fire on tree growth. Growth of residual ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) was measured in an existing long-term study of the effects of season-of-prescribed burn in combination with a single or a repeated burn. Each of six previously thinned mixed-age stands in the Blue Mountains near Burns, Oregon, was subdivided into three experimental units, and one of three treatments was randomly assigned to each: fall 1997 burn, spring 1998 burn, and no burn (control). Treatments were operational-sized prescribed burns. In 2002/2003 each burned unit was split, and one-half was burned again, maintaining the original season of burn. Sample trees were evaluated for growth 5 and 10 seasons after the initial prescribed fires. We conclude that after accounting for the crown scorch proportion neither a single spring or fall prescribed fire treatment nor a repeated fire treatment 5 years later affected the growth of thinned ponderosa pine 10 years after the initial 1997/1998 fires. A linear regression is included to estimate bark thickness based on dbh.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stream temperatures were monitored on seven low-elevation western Oregon streams immediately after clearcut harvesting and 14 –17 years later in two studies that examined buffer designs. One study on four streams used no-tree buffers with all trees next to the stream harvested within the clearcut units. The second study on three streams examined partial buffers designed to shade the stream only from direct sun. Streams with no-tree buffers in clearcuts 90 or 180 m long mostly exhibited significantly less warming 16 –17 years after harvest than 1–5 years after harvest. Streams with partial buffers had originally shown slight response to harvest, and 14 –15 years after harvest temperature trends were not different from preharvest trends. Percent cover and estimated radiation 14 –17 years after harvesting were mostly similar in harvested and uncut areas. The exceptions were areas close to the streams that were cleared by beavers (Castor canadensis), where streams were wide resulting in canopy openings, and where gravel bars with minimal plant development occurred. Planted conifers in no-tree riparian areas provided less shade than hardwoods and were mostly suppressed by hardwoods or damaged by beavers.
{"title":"Stream temperature and streamside cover 14-17 years after clearcutting along small forested streams, western Oregon","authors":"M. Newton, Liz Cole","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-022","url":null,"abstract":"Stream temperatures were monitored on seven low-elevation western Oregon streams immediately after clearcut harvesting and 14 –17 years later in two studies that examined buffer designs. One study on four streams used no-tree buffers with all trees next to the stream harvested within the clearcut units. The second study on three streams examined partial buffers designed to shade the stream only from direct sun. Streams with no-tree buffers in clearcuts 90 or 180 m long mostly exhibited significantly less warming 16 –17 years after harvest than 1–5 years after harvest. Streams with partial buffers had originally shown slight response to harvest, and 14 –15 years after harvest temperature trends were not different from preharvest trends. Percent cover and estimated radiation 14 –17 years after harvesting were mostly similar in harvested and uncut areas. The exceptions were areas close to the streams that were cleared by beavers (Castor canadensis), where streams were wide resulting in canopy openings, and where gravel bars with minimal plant development occurred. Planted conifers in no-tree riparian areas provided less shade than hardwoods and were mostly suppressed by hardwoods or damaged by beavers.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
•In recent years, interest has increased in silvicultural systems and harvest cuts that retain partial overstories, but there are few data available on the growth of the understory trees in such stands. We studied the response of overstory trees and underplanted seedlings, Douglas-fir (Pseudofsugo menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heferaphylla), and western redcedar (Thuja plicafa), to a range of residual overstory densities. Forty to 70-year-old Douglas-fir stands in western Washington were harvested, leaving retention levels of 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40% of full stocking. The 9-year response of the understory seedlings was species-dependent wnh Douglas-fir the largest in diameter (mean diameter 6.4 cm and mean height 3.8 m), western hemlock the tallest (mean diameter 5.5 cm and mean height 5.4 m), and redcedar the smallest (mean diameter 1.5 cm and mean height 1.5 m), in port because it was heavily browsed. Douglas-fir and western redcedar showed the greatest growth in the lowest retention levels (0 and 8%), and western hemlock responded best at the middle retention levels (8 and 16%).
{"title":"Residual Densities Affect Growth of Overstory Trees and Planted Douglas-Fir, Western Hemlock, and Western Redcedar: Results from the First Decade","authors":"L. C. Brodie, D. Debell","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-019","url":null,"abstract":"•In recent years, interest has increased in silvicultural systems and harvest cuts that retain partial overstories, but there are few data available on the growth of the understory trees in such stands. We studied the response of overstory trees and underplanted seedlings, Douglas-fir (Pseudofsugo menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heferaphylla), and western redcedar (Thuja plicafa), to a range of residual overstory densities. Forty to 70-year-old Douglas-fir stands in western Washington were harvested, leaving retention levels of 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40% of full stocking. The 9-year response of the understory seedlings was species-dependent wnh Douglas-fir the largest in diameter (mean diameter 6.4 cm and mean height 3.8 m), western hemlock the tallest (mean diameter 5.5 cm and mean height 5.4 m), and redcedar the smallest (mean diameter 1.5 cm and mean height 1.5 m), in port because it was heavily browsed. Douglas-fir and western redcedar showed the greatest growth in the lowest retention levels (0 and 8%), and western hemlock responded best at the middle retention levels (8 and 16%).","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Hilimire, Jonathan C. B. Nesmith, A. Caprio, R. Milne
On Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, 2011, an extreme wind event affected the central Sierra Nevada mountain region of California, causing extensive windthrow of trees. The wind event was caused by an extreme pressure gradient from north to south over Nevada and the Sierra that was unusual for the region in its duration, atypical wind direction, and high-intensity wind. Within Devils Postpile National Monument, there were approximately 118.5 windthrown trees km-1. The average diameter at 1.37 m of windthrown trees was 55.36 cm, 2.2 times greater than that for pre-windstorm standing trees. Trees differed in damage type; 86% of trees were uprooted, whereas 14% were snapped, and dead trees were more likely to snap than uproot relative to live trees. Tree species was not a factor in likelihood of windthrow because species composition and relative abundance of windthrown trees were representative of the preexisting forest composition. This wind event is the most extensive on record for California's Sierra Nevada range and may have long-lasting effects on forest composition and function.
{"title":"Field Note: Attributes of Windthrown Trees in a Sierra Nevada Mixed-Conifer Forest","authors":"K. Hilimire, Jonathan C. B. Nesmith, A. Caprio, R. Milne","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-027","url":null,"abstract":"On Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, 2011, an extreme wind event affected the central Sierra Nevada mountain region of California, causing extensive windthrow of trees. The wind event was caused by an extreme pressure gradient from north to south over Nevada and the Sierra that was unusual for the region in its duration, atypical wind direction, and high-intensity wind. Within Devils Postpile National Monument, there were approximately 118.5 windthrown trees km-1. The average diameter at 1.37 m of windthrown trees was 55.36 cm, 2.2 times greater than that for pre-windstorm standing trees. Trees differed in damage type; 86% of trees were uprooted, whereas 14% were snapped, and dead trees were more likely to snap than uproot relative to live trees. Tree species was not a factor in likelihood of windthrow because species composition and relative abundance of windthrown trees were representative of the preexisting forest composition. This wind event is the most extensive on record for California's Sierra Nevada range and may have long-lasting effects on forest composition and function.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We determined the difference in carbon (C) stocks and C emissions between treated and untreated ponderosa pine stands over 100 years on the Apache and Sitgreaves National Forests, Arizona, USA, under assumed treatment scenarios, wildfire frequency, and annual percentage of area burned. Compared with the no-action scenario, total C stocks (live and dead biomass) were lower in the treatment scenarios because of timber removals from thinnings, whereas aboveground live C stocks were higher in the treatment scenarios. When total C stocks were used as the baseline, net present values (NPVs) of treatments were in the range of -$759.42 and -$722.58 ha-1 if timber and reduced requirement for C in a buffer pool were assumed to be creditable, and NPVs increased significantly if C in wood products was also eligible for C credit. When aboveground live C stocks were chosen as the baseline, NPVs ranged from -$759.42 to $2,700.44 ha-1 with revenues from timber stumpage value, reduced buffer pool, and/or C in wood products. C emissions from simulated wildfires were lower in the two treatment scenarios than in the no-action scenario. The heavier thinning treatment resulted in lower C emissions from wildfires than with the lighter thinning treatment.
{"title":"Carbon Credit Possibilities and Economic Implications of Fuel Reduction Treatments","authors":"T. Vegh, Ching-Hsun Huang, A. Finkral","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-006","url":null,"abstract":"We determined the difference in carbon (C) stocks and C emissions between treated and untreated ponderosa pine stands over 100 years on the Apache and Sitgreaves National Forests, Arizona, USA, under assumed treatment scenarios, wildfire frequency, and annual percentage of area burned. Compared with the no-action scenario, total C stocks (live and dead biomass) were lower in the treatment scenarios because of timber removals from thinnings, whereas aboveground live C stocks were higher in the treatment scenarios. When total C stocks were used as the baseline, net present values (NPVs) of treatments were in the range of -$759.42 and -$722.58 ha-1 if timber and reduced requirement for C in a buffer pool were assumed to be creditable, and NPVs increased significantly if C in wood products was also eligible for C credit. When aboveground live C stocks were chosen as the baseline, NPVs ranged from -$759.42 to $2,700.44 ha-1 with revenues from timber stumpage value, reduced buffer pool, and/or C in wood products. C emissions from simulated wildfires were lower in the two treatment scenarios than in the no-action scenario. The heavier thinning treatment resulted in lower C emissions from wildfires than with the lighter thinning treatment.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visitor preferences for campfires in US national forest developed campgrounds.","authors":"J. Lillywhite, J. Simonsen, J. Fowler","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis Act Fund ALK-03-12, and by the School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
{"title":"Total and Merchantable Volume of White Spruce in Alaska","authors":"T. Malone, Jingjing Liang, E. C. Packee","doi":"10.5849/wjaf.12-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/wjaf.12-003","url":null,"abstract":"This research was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, \u0000McIntire-Stennis Act Fund ALK-03-12, and by the School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"205 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/wjaf.12-003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sessions, Kevin Tuers, K. Boston, Rene Zamora, Roy Anderson
{"title":"Pricing forest biomass for power generation.","authors":"J. Sessions, Kevin Tuers, K. Boston, Rene Zamora, Roy Anderson","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nondestructive Aging of Postfire Seedlings for Four Conifer Species in Northwestern Montana","authors":"Alexandra K. Urza, Jason S. Sibold","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes to summer low flows from forest harvesting were measured for a gauged fourth-order stream in the Hinkle Creek Paired Watershed Study. At the gauged stream, August streamflow increased an average of 1.9 mm/year (45%) for the three summers following forest harvest of 13% of a 1,084 ha watershed. Following a second harvest of an additional 13% of the watershed the August streamflow increased by 4.5 mm (106%) the first summer and 2.0 mm (47%) the second summer. Master recession curves were fit to the gauged watersheds and the resulting recession coefficients were used to predict low flows from small watersheds nested within the gauged watersheds. The estimated low flows were used to evaluate changes in summer low flows associated with forest harvest for the small watersheds. Using recession curve analysis, the estimated range of the increase for average August streamflow for the four small watersheds in the Hinkle Creek Paired Watershed Study was 1.7 mm to 4.4 mm the first summer following forest harvest. August streamflow in the small watersheds was not distinguishable from preharvest levels within 5 years for all but one watershed, which had the highest proportion of watershed area harvested.
{"title":"The Effect of Timber Harvest on Summer Low Flows, Hinkle Creek, Oregon","authors":"C. Surfleet, A. Skaugset","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-038","url":null,"abstract":"Changes to summer low flows from forest harvesting were measured for a gauged fourth-order stream in the Hinkle Creek Paired Watershed Study. At the gauged stream, August streamflow increased an average of 1.9 mm/year (45%) for the three summers following forest harvest of 13% of a 1,084 ha watershed. Following a second harvest of an additional 13% of the watershed the August streamflow increased by 4.5 mm (106%) the first summer and 2.0 mm (47%) the second summer. Master recession curves were fit to the gauged watersheds and the resulting recession coefficients were used to predict low flows from small watersheds nested within the gauged watersheds. The estimated low flows were used to evaluate changes in summer low flows associated with forest harvest for the small watersheds. Using recession curve analysis, the estimated range of the increase for average August streamflow for the four small watersheds in the Hinkle Creek Paired Watershed Study was 1.7 mm to 4.4 mm the first summer following forest harvest. August streamflow in the small watersheds was not distinguishable from preharvest levels within 5 years for all but one watershed, which had the highest proportion of watershed area harvested.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：