{"title":"Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock Stand and Tree Growth 10 Years after Precommercial Thinning in Southeast Alaska","authors":"M. Newton, Liz Cole","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/27.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/27.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/27.1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han-Sup Han, E. Bilek, J. Dramm, Dan Loeffler, D. Calkin
The value and use of the trees removed in fuel reduction thinning and restoration treatments could be enhanced if the wood were effectively evaluated and sorted for quality and highest value before delivery to the next manufacturing destination. This article summarizes a preliminary financial feasibility analysis of a log sort yard that would serve as a log market to buy and sell small-diameter logs in western Montana. We based our evaluations on equipment for a medium-sized log sort yard that would preprocess and sort 33 million board feet of small-diameter logs per year to seven different products. The delivered log input costs represent 78.1% of the total sales revenue, whereas the yard’s operating costs account for 17.7% of the revenue. The log sort yard’s operating cost would be $3.74/piece or $79.53/thousand board feet. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) would make the biggest contribution to the yard’s gross margin because this species both represents the largest volume (45% of the input log volume) into the yard and produces high-value products (house and veneer logs). Improved knowledge regarding wood market conditions and local log supplies is a prerequisite to understanding a log sort yard’s financial feasibility.
{"title":"Financial Feasibility of a Log Sort Yard Handling Small-Diameter Logs: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Han-Sup Han, E. Bilek, J. Dramm, Dan Loeffler, D. Calkin","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.4.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.174","url":null,"abstract":"The value and use of the trees removed in fuel reduction thinning and restoration treatments could be enhanced if the wood were effectively evaluated and sorted for quality and highest value before delivery to the next manufacturing destination. This article summarizes a preliminary financial feasibility analysis of a log sort yard that would serve as a log market to buy and sell small-diameter logs in western Montana. We based our evaluations on equipment for a medium-sized log sort yard that would preprocess and sort 33 million board feet of small-diameter logs per year to seven different products. The delivered log input costs represent 78.1% of the total sales revenue, whereas the yard’s operating costs account for 17.7% of the revenue. The log sort yard’s operating cost would be $3.74/piece or $79.53/thousand board feet. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) would make the biggest contribution to the yard’s gross margin because this species both represents the largest volume (45% of the input log volume) into the yard and produces high-value products (house and veneer logs). Improved knowledge regarding wood market conditions and local log supplies is a prerequisite to understanding a log sort yard’s financial feasibility.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"174-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
proportion of the variability associated with sampling error and modeling error was assessed. Results indicate that LiDAR sampling can be used to obtain estimates of total biomass with an acceptable level of precision (8.1 0.7 [8%] teragrams [total SD]), with sampling error accounting for 58% of the SD of the bootstrap distribution. In addition, we investigated the influence of plot location (i.e., GPS) error, plot size, and field-measured diameter threshold on the variability of the total biomass estimate. We found that using a larger plot (1/30 ha versus 1/59 ha) and a lower diameter threshold (7.6 versus 12.5 cm) significantly reduced the SD of the bootstrap distribution (by approximately 20%), whereas larger plot location error (over a range from 0 to 20 m root mean square error) steadily increased variability at both plot sizes.
评估了与抽样误差和建模误差相关的变异性比例。结果表明，激光雷达采样可以获得可接受的精度水平(8.1 0.7 [8%]teragrams [total SD])的总生物量估计，采样误差占bootstrap分布SD的58%。此外，我们还研究了样地位置(即GPS)误差、样地大小和实地测量直径阈值对总生物量估计值变异性的影响。我们发现，使用较大的地块(1/30 ha vs 1/59 ha)和较低的直径阈值(7.6 cm vs 12.5 cm)显著降低了自举分布的SD(约20%)，而较大的地块位置误差(在0到20 m的均方根误差范围内)稳步增加了两种地块大小的可变性。
{"title":"Using Airborne Light Detection and Ranging as a Sampling Tool for Estimating Forest Biomass Resources in the Upper Tanana Valley of Interior Alaska","authors":"H. Andersen, Jacob L. Strunk, H. Temesgen","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.4.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.157","url":null,"abstract":"proportion of the variability associated with sampling error and modeling error was assessed. Results indicate that LiDAR sampling can be used to obtain estimates of total biomass with an acceptable level of precision (8.1 0.7 [8%] teragrams [total SD]), with sampling error accounting for 58% of the SD of the bootstrap distribution. In addition, we investigated the influence of plot location (i.e., GPS) error, plot size, and field-measured diameter threshold on the variability of the total biomass estimate. We found that using a larger plot (1/30 ha versus 1/59 ha) and a lower diameter threshold (7.6 versus 12.5 cm) significantly reduced the SD of the bootstrap distribution (by approximately 20%), whereas larger plot location error (over a range from 0 to 20 m root mean square error) steadily increased variability at both plot sizes.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating Global Positioning System Accuracy for Forest Biomass Transportation Tracking within Varying Forest Canopy","authors":"Matamyo Simwanda, M. Wing, J. Sessions","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.4.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"68 1","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACCEL: Spreadsheet-Based Cost Estimation for Forest Road Construction","authors":"J. C. Bruce, Han-Sup Han, A. Akay, W. Chung","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.4.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.4.189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Landowner Perceptions of Habitat Protection Policy and Process in Oregon","authors":"P. Giampaoli, J. Bliss","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.3.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foliar Sulfate-Sulfur as a Nutrient Diagnostic Tool for Interior Douglas-Fir","authors":"H. Schmalz, M. Coleman","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"147-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wildland Fire Science for Management: Federal Fire Manager Information Needs, Sources, and Uses","authors":"C. Ryan, L. Cerveny","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.3.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thinning is a common silvicultural treatment used for different forest management purposes. Traditionally, thinning prescriptions are derived from sample plots and applied to stands with various vegetation conditions. A few studies have optimized cut-tree selection to create site-specific thinning prescriptions. However, these studies greatly simplify the estimation of harvesting costs by ignoring the location of the cut trees relative to the extraction point. Consequently, resulting tree-level thinning prescriptions might not provide the most economically efficient selection of cut trees. In this study, we developed a model to estimate skidding costs of individual cut trees based on size, location, and spatial distribution of selected cut trees. The model uses a log-bunching algorithm to identify log-pile locations and then creates a skid-trail network that connects log piles to the exit point at a minimum skidding cost. We applied the model to a treatment unit, where light detection and ranging data were used to obtain terrain and tree data, considering two thinning scenarios with target densities of 400 and 300 leave trees/ha, respectively. Comparison of the model results with those obtained from the existing cost models indicates that our model results are within a reasonable range for skidding costs. As our model considers terrain slope to create skid trails, it can be effectively used to delineate nonaccessible or difficult terrain areas for skidding operations. The model can also be used to automatically generate optimal skid-trail networks connecting multiple log piles to the exit point.
{"title":"A Modeling Approach to Estimating Skidding Costs of Individual Trees for Thinning Operations","authors":"M. Contreras, W. Chung","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.3.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.133","url":null,"abstract":"Thinning is a common silvicultural treatment used for different forest management purposes. Traditionally, thinning prescriptions are derived from sample plots and applied to stands with various vegetation conditions. A few studies have optimized cut-tree selection to create site-specific thinning prescriptions. However, these studies greatly simplify the estimation of harvesting costs by ignoring the location of the cut trees relative to the extraction point. Consequently, resulting tree-level thinning prescriptions might not provide the most economically efficient selection of cut trees. In this study, we developed a model to estimate skidding costs of individual cut trees based on size, location, and spatial distribution of selected cut trees. The model uses a log-bunching algorithm to identify log-pile locations and then creates a skid-trail network that connects log piles to the exit point at a minimum skidding cost. We applied the model to a treatment unit, where light detection and ranging data were used to obtain terrain and tree data, considering two thinning scenarios with target densities of 400 and 300 leave trees/ha, respectively. Comparison of the model results with those obtained from the existing cost models indicates that our model results are within a reasonable range for skidding costs. As our model considers terrain slope to create skid trails, it can be effectively used to delineate nonaccessible or difficult terrain areas for skidding operations. The model can also be used to automatically generate optimal skid-trail networks connecting multiple log piles to the exit point.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"133-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Examination of Five Identical Mapping-Grade Global Positioning System Receivers in Two Forest Settings","authors":"M. Wing, Jereme M. Frank","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.3.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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