J. Klutsch, M. Battaglia, D. R. West, S. Costello, J. Negrón
A mountain pine beetle outbreak in Colorado lodgepole pine forests has altered stand and fuel characteristics that affect potential fire behavior. Using the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator, potential fire behavior was modeled for uninfested and mountain pine beetle-affected plots 7 years after outbreak initiation and 10 and 80% projected tree fall using measured and projected fuel and stand characteristics. Under 90th percentile weather conditions, uninfested plots exhibited proportionally more crown fire than infested plots. Plots predicted to have crown fire were composed mainly of nonhost conifer species and had a lower and more continuous canopy than infested plots. Where surface fire was predicted to occur, live lodgepole pine was the only conifer present, and plots had significantly lower tree mortality from fire than plots predicted to have crown fire. Mountain pine beetle-induced changes in stand and fuel characteristics resulted in increased intensity of surface fire behavior. Furthermore, with 80% infested tree fall, potential smoke production was predicted to be higher. Tree species composition of stands pre and postbark beetle outbreak is important when identifying mountain pine beetle-caused changes to potential fire behavior.
{"title":"Evaluating Potential Fire Behavior in Lodgepole Pine-Dominated Forests after a Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic in North-Central Colorado","authors":"J. Klutsch, M. Battaglia, D. R. West, S. Costello, J. Negrón","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"A mountain pine beetle outbreak in Colorado lodgepole pine forests has altered stand and fuel characteristics that affect potential fire behavior. Using the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator, potential fire behavior was modeled for uninfested and mountain pine beetle-affected plots 7 years after outbreak initiation and 10 and 80% projected tree fall using measured and projected fuel and stand characteristics. Under 90th percentile weather conditions, uninfested plots exhibited proportionally more crown fire than infested plots. Plots predicted to have crown fire were composed mainly of nonhost conifer species and had a lower and more continuous canopy than infested plots. Where surface fire was predicted to occur, live lodgepole pine was the only conifer present, and plots had significantly lower tree mortality from fire than plots predicted to have crown fire. Mountain pine beetle-induced changes in stand and fuel characteristics resulted in increased intensity of surface fire behavior. Furthermore, with 80% infested tree fall, potential smoke production was predicted to be higher. Tree species composition of stands pre and postbark beetle outbreak is important when identifying mountain pine beetle-caused changes to potential fire behavior.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.3.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex management objectives for many publicly owned Douglas-fir forests have prompted renewed interest in silvicultural systems other than clearcutting. The College of Forestry Integrated Research Project at Oregon State University was implemented to test for differences in economic, biological, and human responses to group selection and two-story silvicultural systems. Three separate blocks were established and treated between 1989 and 1991. Trees were measured immediately after the harvest treatments (1991 or 1992) and after the 2004 growing season. Responses of residual overstory trees to initial group selection and two-story treatments were tested relative to untreated controls units in terms of (1) gross basal area and stem volume growth of all residual trees and of the 10 largest trees per acre; (2) gross basal area and stem volume growth conditional on initial basal area and stem volume, respectively, of all residual trees and of the 10 largest trees per acre; and (3) mortality of all overstory trees. Basal area and volume growth were greatest in the control and least in the two-story treatment, but volume growth conditional on initial volume did not differ significantly among treatments. Mortality was significantly greater in the two-story treatment. Overstory growth release in residual Douglas-fir may require 10 years or more to appear after regeneration cuts on some sites, and the possibility of increased overstory mortality complicates attainment of desired long-term structure under two-story silvicultural systems.
{"title":"Growth and Mortality of Residual Douglas-Fir after Regeneration Harvests under Group Selection and Two-Story Silvicultural Systems","authors":"S. Garber, T. Lam, D. Maguire","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.64","url":null,"abstract":"Complex management objectives for many publicly owned Douglas-fir forests have prompted renewed interest in silvicultural systems other than clearcutting. The College of Forestry Integrated Research Project at Oregon State University was implemented to test for differences in economic, biological, and human responses to group selection and two-story silvicultural systems. Three separate blocks were established and treated between 1989 and 1991. Trees were measured immediately after the harvest treatments (1991 or 1992) and after the 2004 growing season. Responses of residual overstory trees to initial group selection and two-story treatments were tested relative to untreated controls units in terms of (1) gross basal area and stem volume growth of all residual trees and of the 10 largest trees per acre; (2) gross basal area and stem volume growth conditional on initial basal area and stem volume, respectively, of all residual trees and of the 10 largest trees per acre; and (3) mortality of all overstory trees. Basal area and volume growth were greatest in the control and least in the two-story treatment, but volume growth conditional on initial volume did not differ significantly among treatments. Mortality was significantly greater in the two-story treatment. Overstory growth release in residual Douglas-fir may require 10 years or more to appear after regeneration cuts on some sites, and the possibility of increased overstory mortality complicates attainment of desired long-term structure under two-story silvicultural systems.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Thinning as a Forest Restoration Tool at Redwood National Park","authors":"J. Teraoka, Christopher R. Keyes","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reforestation of a Salvage-Logged High-Elevation Clearcut: Engelmann Spruce Seedling Response to Tree Shelters after 11 Growing Seasons","authors":"D. Jacobs","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thirteen-Year Height and Diameter Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings under Alternative Regeneration Cuts in Pacific Northwest","authors":"T. Lam, D. Maguire","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive Habitat Modeling of Rare Plant Species in Pacific Northwest Forests","authors":"Arne Buechling, C. Tobalske","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.2.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Todd A Morgan, J. Brandt, J. D. Baldridge, Dan Loeffler
This study was sponsored by the Joint Fire Science Program to understand and enhance the ability of federal land managers to address financial and economic (FE training with FE ongoing technical support for tools currently used; and closer communication among forest management, research, and administrative personnel as new F&E tools or administrative processes are developed and implemented.
{"title":"Use of Financial and Economic Analyses by Federal Forest Managers for Woody Biomass Removal","authors":"Todd A Morgan, J. Brandt, J. D. Baldridge, Dan Loeffler","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study was sponsored by the Joint Fire Science Program to understand and enhance the ability of federal land managers to address financial and economic (FE training with FE ongoing technical support for tools currently used; and closer communication among forest management, research, and administrative personnel as new F&E tools or administrative processes are developed and implemented.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Length of Storage, and Stratification on Germination of Whitebark Pine Seeds","authors":"A. Bower, D. Kolotelo, S. Aitken","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61108861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goals of this study were to promote restoration of forest ecosystems through fire hazard reduction treatments and to evaluate potential economic benefits of carbon credits to the Navajo Nation. We used the historic Navajo Nation’s Continuous Forest Inventory data to calibrate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) with growth increments and used the FVS to run simulations that encompass the next 50 years. We calculated C revenues using two carbon accounting approaches: (1) reduced buffer pool under the Climate Action Reserve protocol and (2) increased C stocks based on with-and-without analysis. We investigated nine C price scenarios, including constant- and rising-price trajectories; performed discounted cash flow analyses; and calculated net present worth (NPW). When timber was the only marketable output, using a real alternative rate of return (ARR) of 4%, the NPW of target basal area (BA) 40, 70, and 100 ft 2 /ac were $144.89, $267.98, and $308.57/ac, respectively. When both timber and C were marketable outputs, with a C price of $3/ton, the NPW of target BAs of 40, 70, and 100 ft 2 /ac were increased to $119.26, $256.83, and $306.31, respectively, under the first accounting approach, and were increased to $168.62, $57.29, and $184.09, respectively, under the second accounting approach. Our results indicate that C accounting method, C price, and landowner’s ARR affect forest landowner’s profitability in participating in the C market.
{"title":"The Economic Value of Selling Carbon Credits from Restored Forests: A Case Study from the Navajo Nation's Tribal Forests","authors":"Ching-Hsun Huang, C. Sorensen","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"The goals of this study were to promote restoration of forest ecosystems through fire hazard reduction treatments and to evaluate potential economic benefits of carbon credits to the Navajo Nation. We used the historic Navajo Nation’s Continuous Forest Inventory data to calibrate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) with growth increments and used the FVS to run simulations that encompass the next 50 years. We calculated C revenues using two carbon accounting approaches: (1) reduced buffer pool under the Climate Action Reserve protocol and (2) increased C stocks based on with-and-without analysis. We investigated nine C price scenarios, including constant- and rising-price trajectories; performed discounted cash flow analyses; and calculated net present worth (NPW). When timber was the only marketable output, using a real alternative rate of return (ARR) of 4%, the NPW of target basal area (BA) 40, 70, and 100 ft 2 /ac were $144.89, $267.98, and $308.57/ac, respectively. When both timber and C were marketable outputs, with a C price of $3/ton, the NPW of target BAs of 40, 70, and 100 ft 2 /ac were increased to $119.26, $256.83, and $306.31, respectively, under the first accounting approach, and were increased to $168.62, $57.29, and $184.09, respectively, under the second accounting approach. Our results indicate that C accounting method, C price, and landowner’s ARR affect forest landowner’s profitability in participating in the C market.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61109355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Susceptibility of conifers to three dwarf mistletoes in the Klamath-Siskiyou mountains","authors":"R. Mathiasen","doi":"10.1093/WJAF/26.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/WJAF/26.1.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61108798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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