Models were developed for tree height and crown characteristics of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex. Marsh). Equations related cottonwood height to dbh and crown condition category (less than 50% live, at least 50% but less than 100% live, and 100% live). Crown width equations related crown width to dbh, crown condition category, and basal area per hectare. Additional equations related crown length to total height, basal area per hectare, and crown condition category. Data were obtained during a sample of trees located in a riparian area surrounding the Cimarron River on the Cimarron National Grassland. The band of trees on either side of the Cimarron River channel was surrounded by treeless, semiarid grassland typical of southwestern Kansas. Many trees were growing in scattered clumps or nearly open grown. In addition, there was variability in proportions of live crown present, as classified by crown condition category. These factors influence crown dimensions and are typical of cottonwood trees found in Great Plains riparian areas. Since height measurement trees were sampled on plots, mixed-effects models with random effects representing plot effects were developed for the height-diameter relationships (a model developed using ordinary least squares is also presented). Models of crown width and crown length were developed using ordinary least squares.
{"title":"Relationships between height, diameter, and crown for eastern cottonwood (populus deltoides) in a great plains riparian ecosystem","authors":"T. B. Lynch, C. Budhathoki, R. Wittwer","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-030","url":null,"abstract":"Models were developed for tree height and crown characteristics of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex. Marsh). Equations related cottonwood height to dbh and crown condition category (less than 50% live, at least 50% but less than 100% live, and 100% live). Crown width equations related crown width to dbh, crown condition category, and basal area per hectare. Additional equations related crown length to total height, basal area per hectare, and crown condition category. Data were obtained during a sample of trees located in a riparian area surrounding the Cimarron River on the Cimarron National Grassland. The band of trees on either side of the Cimarron River channel was surrounded by treeless, semiarid grassland typical of southwestern Kansas. Many trees were growing in scattered clumps or nearly open grown. In addition, there was variability in proportions of live crown present, as classified by crown condition category. These factors influence crown dimensions and are typical of cottonwood trees found in Great Plains riparian areas. Since height measurement trees were sampled on plots, mixed-effects models with random effects representing plot effects were developed for the height-diameter relationships (a model developed using ordinary least squares is also presented). Models of crown width and crown length were developed using ordinary least squares.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Makes a Range of Silvicultural Alternatives Reasonable","authors":"J. Long, J. Kurtzman","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"212-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. O’Hara, Lathrop P. Leonard, Christopher R. Keyes
are often used to treat multiple stands and thereby promote multiscale homogeneity rather than heterogeneity. VDT prescriptions face the additional challenge of needing to create stand-level heterogeneity, where stand structures may already be homogeneous or where prescribing heterogeneity makes marking/thinning prescriptions very complex. When the VDT prescription or marking guidelines are unclear or confusing, forest workers may revert to marking or thinning stands in accordance with the more regular spacing to which they are accustomed. Even well-designed prescriptions can therefore be quickly undermined at the implementation phase. This represents a “paradox” for VDT, where a more complex, heterogeneous stand structure is the management objective but where simple marking/thinning rules are needed for clear and consistently accurate application. We describe six different protocols for implementing VDT in young, overly dense second-growth forests in the redwood region and assess their effectiveness and efficiency for promoting stand structure heterogeneity, and we discuss their implications for future stand development. Because of the potential importance of VDT as a restoration tool in other forest types, our objectives are broadly applicable to other regions and forest types, where VDT may be used to enhance stand structural variability.
{"title":"Variable-Density Thinning and a Marking Paradox: Comparing Prescription Protocols to Attain Stand Variability in Coast Redwood","authors":"K. O’Hara, Lathrop P. Leonard, Christopher R. Keyes","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-042","url":null,"abstract":"are often used to treat multiple stands and thereby promote multiscale homogeneity rather than heterogeneity. VDT prescriptions face the additional challenge of needing to create stand-level heterogeneity, where stand structures may already be homogeneous or where prescribing heterogeneity makes marking/thinning prescriptions very complex. When the VDT prescription or marking guidelines are unclear or confusing, forest workers may revert to marking or thinning stands in accordance with the more regular spacing to which they are accustomed. Even well-designed prescriptions can therefore be quickly undermined at the implementation phase. This represents a “paradox” for VDT, where a more complex, heterogeneous stand structure is the management objective but where simple marking/thinning rules are needed for clear and consistently accurate application. We describe six different protocols for implementing VDT in young, overly dense second-growth forests in the redwood region and assess their effectiveness and efficiency for promoting stand structure heterogeneity, and we discuss their implications for future stand development. Because of the potential importance of VDT as a restoration tool in other forest types, our objectives are broadly applicable to other regions and forest types, where VDT may be used to enhance stand structural variability.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linking Forest Inventory and Analysis Ground Data to Maps: An Example for Nevada Pinyon-Juniper Forests","authors":"D. Chojnacky, S. Prisley, Sara R. Miller","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.10-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.10-033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.10-033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Wood Duck: A New Tree Falling Tool","authors":"K. Lyons, J. Ewart","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n-Tree distance sampling (NTDS), also known as k-tree sampling and point-to-tree sampling, has been promoted as a practical method for forest inventory. This simulation study evaluated the performance of three NTDS estimators, as compared with fixed plot sampling and horizontal point sampling, for estimating density and basal area in headwater riparian forests of western Oregon. Bias of at least one NTDS estimator was low for both density and basal area when at least six trees were captured at each sample point, but performance of NTDS for density estimation was poor on stem maps exhibiting a clustered pattern. We close with some comments regarding the statistical efficiency of NTDS for riparian area inventory in similar forest conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of n-tree distance sampling for inventory of headwater riparian forests of western Oregon","authors":"Zane Haxtema, H. Temesgen, Theresa Marquardt","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.10-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.10-035","url":null,"abstract":"n-Tree distance sampling (NTDS), also known as k-tree sampling and point-to-tree sampling, has been promoted as a practical method for forest inventory. This simulation study evaluated the performance of three NTDS estimators, as compared with fixed plot sampling and horizontal point sampling, for estimating density and basal area in headwater riparian forests of western Oregon. Bias of at least one NTDS estimator was low for both density and basal area when at least six trees were captured at each sample point, but performance of NTDS for density estimation was poor on stem maps exhibiting a clustered pattern. We close with some comments regarding the statistical efficiency of NTDS for riparian area inventory in similar forest conditions.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"31 1","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.10-035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field Note: Growth and Survival of Port-Orford-Cedar Families on Three Sites on the South Oregon Coast","authors":"C. Harrington, P. Gould, R. Sniezko","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research Needs to Support Management and Conservation of Cavity-Dependent Birds and Bats on Forested Landscapes in the Pacific Northwest","authors":"A. J. Kroll, M. Lacki, E. Arnett","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.10-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.10-021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.10-021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aggregate Roads on Private Woodlands: Does It Pay?","authors":"S. Bowers, J. Reeb","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"150-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting loaded on-highway travel times of trucks hauling woody raw material for improved forest biomass utilization in Oregon.","authors":"Han SangKyun, G. Murphy","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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