Japanese Dental Science Review最新文献

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning in dental diagnostic imaging is increasing. Several popular deep learning tasks have been applied to dental diagnostic images.

Classification tasks are used to classify images with and without positive abnormal findings or to evaluate the progress of a lesion based on imaging findings. Region (object) detection and segmentation tasks have been used for tooth identification in panoramic radiographs. This technique is useful for automatically creating a patient's dental chart. Deep learning methods can also be used for detecting and evaluating anatomical structures of interest from images. Furthermore, generative AI based on natural language processing can automatically create written reports from the findings of diagnostic imaging.

Zirconia restorations are increasingly popular in dental treatment. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) needs to be sintered for clinical applications and novel speed-sintering protocols are being developed for chairside treatments. Whether the properties of speed-sintered YSZ meet clinical requirements, however, remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of speed-sintering on the optical and mechanical properties of dental YSZ according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published between January 1, 2010 and February 28, 2022 in English, Chinese, or Japanese. After full-text evaluation and quality assessment, 26 articles were selected. Meta-analysis revealed that speed-sintering does not significantly affect the CIEDE2000-based translucency parameter, contrast ratio, three-point flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength, or fracture toughness of YSZ (p < 0.01) compared to conventional sintering. However, the CIELab-based translucency parameter of conventionally sintered YSZ is higher than that of speed-sintered YSZ. The descriptive analysis indicated that speed-sintering does not affect the hardness of YSZ compared to that of conventionally sintered YSZ. The results indicate that speed-sintering is suitable for preparing YSZ for dental restorations.

The use of graphecs excellent mechanical properties. However, it is necessary to evaluate the biological effects of this material. This systematic review aimed to observe and understand through studies the current state of the art regarding osseointegration, antimicrobial capacity, and the cytotoxicity of graphene coating applied to the surface of dental implant materials.

Searches in PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were conducted between June and July 2021 and updated in May 2022 using the keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, dental implants, zirconium, titanium, peek, aluminum, disilicate, methyl-methacrylate, cytotoxicity, osseointegration, and bone regeneration. The criteria included in vivo and in vitro studies that evaluated antimicrobial capacity and/or osseointegration and/or cytotoxicity of dental implant materials coated with graphene compounds. The risk of bias for in vitro studies was assessed by the JBI tool, and for in vivo studies, Syrcle's risk of bias tool for animal studies was used.

The database search resulted in 176 articles. Of the 18 articles selected for full reading, 16 remained in this systematic review.

The use of graphene compounds as coatings on the surface of implant materials is promising because it promotes osseointegration and has antimicrobial capacity. However, further studies are needed to ensure its cytotoxic potential.

Approximately 10 % of the general population is affected by temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. Diagnosis of myogenous TMD pain (i.e., TM myalgia) may be challenging, while an adequate assessment of this pain is crucial to establish an adequate management strategy. We aim to analyze if there is a relation between inflammation and TM myalgia, and if we can identify and measure inflammatory markers in patients suffering from this condition. An electronic literature search was conducted from inception up to July 14 2022 through the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Studies on patients with masticatory muscle inflammation and/or pain were included. After a screening procedure, only nine full-text articles met the criteria for inclusion. In the included studies 9–131 patients showed TM myalgia, and presence of inflammation was reported with analysis of interleukines IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandins from blood, saliva, and extracellular fluid of masseter muscle using microdialysis. Our results contributed to the identification of the relation between inflammation and TM myalgia and established that measurement of inflammatory cytokines may be a valid diagnostic tool, which is an essential step towards finding a better treatment.

In the era of ‘precision medicine’, liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a promising tool in the oncology field. cfDNA from cancer patients is a mixture of tumoral (ctDNA) and non-tumoral DNA originated from healthy, cancer and tumor microenvironmental cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion from extracellular vesicles represent the main mechanisms of cfDNA release into the physiological body fluids. Focused on HNC, two main types of cfDNA can be identified: the circulating cfDNA (ccfDNA) and the salivary cfDNA (scfDNA). Numerous studies have reported on the potential of cfDNA analysis as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarker for HNC. Thus, ctDNA has emerged as an attractive strategy to detect cancer specific genetic and epigenetic alterations including DNA somatic mutations and DNA methylation patterns. This review aims to provide an overview of the up-to-date studies evaluating the value of the analysis of total cfDNA, cfDNA fragment length, and ctDNA analysis at DNA mutation and methylation level in HNC patients.

Substantial evidence suggests that periodontal disease increases the risk of developing and progressing extraoral manifestations such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The most probable causative mechanism behind this is the influx of bacteria and/or bacterial products (endotoxin) and inflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation originating from inflamed periodontal tissues. However, recent studies have revealed that oral bacteria, especially periodontopathic bacteria, play a role in inducing dysbiosis of the gut microbiota resulting induction of gut dysbiosis-related pathology associated with systemic diseases. Conversely, the disruption of gut microbiota has been shown to have a negative impact on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Based on our study findings and the available literature, this review presents an overview of the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health, highlighting the mouth-gut connection.

Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics have enhanced our understanding of the oral microbiome and its impact on oral health. However, these approaches have inherent limitations in exploring individual cells and the heterogeneity within mixed microbial communities, which restricts our current understanding to bulk cells and species-level information. Fortunately, recent technical advances have enabled the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for studying bacteria, shedding light on cell-to-cell diversity and interactions between host-bacterial cells at the single-cell level. Here, we address the technical barriers in capturing RNA from single bacterial cells and highlight pioneering studies from the past decade. We also discuss recent achievements in host-bacterial dual transcriptional profiling at the single-cell level. Bacterial scRNA-seq provides advantages in various research fields, including the investigation of phenotypic heterogeneity within genetically identical bacteria, identification of rare cell types, detection of antibiotic-resistant or persistent cells, analysis of individual gene expression patterns and metabolic activities, and characterization of specific microbe-host interactions. Integrating single-cell techniques with bulk approaches is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of oral diseases and develop targeted and personalized treatment in dentistry. The reviewed pioneering studies are expected to inspire future research on the oral microbiome at the single-cell level.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory destruction of joint tissue and is caused by an abnormal autoimmune response triggered by interactions between genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetic and posttranslational modifications. RA has been suggested to be interrelated with periodontitis, a serious form or stage of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease associated with periodontopathic bacterial infections, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and epigenetic influences. Over the last decade, a number of animal and clinical studies have been conducted to assess whether or not periodontitis and associated periodontopathic bacteria constitute risk factors for RA. The present review introduces recent accumulating evidence to support the associations of periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria with the risk of RA or the outcome of RA pharmacological treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In addition, the results from intervention studies have suggested an improvement in RA clinical parameters after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Furthermore, the potential causal mechanisms underlying the link between periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria and RA are summarized.

This systematic review provides an update on the effect of nanofibers as reinforcement on resin-based dental materials. A bibliographic search was conducted in MEDLINEPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS (LILACS, BBO e IBECS), Cochrane, LIVIVO, and gray literature (BDTD) to identify relevant articles up to May 2021. In vitro studies that evaluated and compared the mechanical properties of nanofibers resin-based composite materials, were eligible. No publication year or language restriction was applied, and methodological quality was assessed using two methods. In a total of 6100 potentially eligible studies, 81 were selected for full-text analysis and 35 were included for qualitative analysis. Of the 35 included studies, a total of 29 studies evaluated the flexural strength (FS) of the materials. These groups were distinguished according to the resin-based materials tested and nanofiber types. Most of the studies evaluated materials composed of glass fibers and demonstrated higher values of FS when compared to resin-based materials without nanofibers. The incorporation of nanofibers into resin-based dental materials improved the mechanical properties compared to resin-based materials without nanofibers, suggesting better performance of these materials in high-stressbearing application areas. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of resin-based materials with nanofibers.

Patients with one or more developmentally absent teeth are routinely encountered in dental practice. Tooth agenesis can be associated with significant functional, aesthetic and psycho-social problems. The present article provides an overview of the prevalence and aetiology of tooth agenesis, as well as the condition’s clinical characteristics and management options with reference to the evidence base. A timely diagnosis can facilitate the appropriate planning and management which might not be straightforward, and patient care will likely require multi- and inter-disciplinary input. It is critical that dental care practitioners are aware of the clinical characteristics and management options for tooth agenesis.