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Bioconvective nanofluid flow over an exponential stretched sheet with thermophoretic particle deposition 具有热泳粒子沉积的指数拉伸片上的生物转化纳米流体流动
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.05.004
B.C. Prasannakumara , J.K. Madhukesh , G.K. Ramesh

The current work is being done to investigate the flow of nanofluids across a porous exponential stretching surface in the presence of a heat source/sink, thermophoretic particle deposition, and bioconvection. The collection of PDEs (partial differential equations) that represent the fluid moment is converted to a system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) with the use of suitable similarity variables, and these equations are then numerically solved using Runge Kutta Fehlberg and the shooting approach. For different physical limitations, the numerical results are visually represented. The results show that increasing the porosity characteristics reduces velocity. The mass transfer decreases as the thermophoretic limitation increases. Increases in the porosity parameter reduce skin friction, increases in the solid volume fraction improve the rate of thermal distribution, and increases in the thermophoretic parameter increase the rate of mass transfer.

目前正在进行的工作是研究纳米流体在存在热源/汇、热电泳颗粒沉积和生物对流的情况下通过多孔指数拉伸表面的流动。通过使用合适的相似变量,将表示流体力矩的偏微分方程集合转换为常微分方程系统,然后使用Runge Kutta Fehlberg和射击方法对这些方程进行数值求解。对于不同的物理限制,数值结果以直观的形式表示出来。结果表明,孔隙度特征的增加会降低速度。传质随热泳极限的增大而减小。孔隙率参数的增加降低了表面摩擦,固体体积分数的增加提高了热分布速率,热泳参数的增加增加了传质速率。
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引用次数: 4
Regression analysis and features of negative activation energy for MHD nanofluid flow model: A comparative study MHD纳米流体流动模型的负活化能特征及回归分析——比较研究
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.02.005
B. Kumar , Prachi , Abhinav Singhal , R. Nandkeolyar , Pulkit Kumar , Ali J. Chamkha

This article elucidates the impact of activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point nanofluid flow over a slippery surface in a porous regime with thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions. Negative activation energy is scarce in practice, but the impact of negative activation energy could not be neglected as it is noticed in chemical processes. The rate of some Arrhenius-compliant reactions is retarded by increasing the temperature and is therefore associated with negative activation energies, such as exothermic binding of urea or water. In some processes, the temperature dependence of the pressure-induced unfolding and the urea-induced unfolding of proteins at ambient pressure give negative activation energies. The present mathematical model is solved with successive linearization method (a spectral technique). A comparison of results is made for negative and positive values of activation energy. Apart from it, the quadratic multiple regression model is discussed briefly and explained with bar diagrams. It is observed that with rise in unsteadiness parameter from 0 to 1 (taking positive activation energy), skin friction and Sherwood number are increased by 9.36% and 19% respectively, and Nusselt number is decreased by 26%. However, for negative activation energy, 9.36% and 112% enhancement is observed in skin friction and Sherwood number, respectively.

本文阐述了活化能对具有热泳和布朗扩散的多孔光滑表面上磁流体动力学(MHD)驻点纳米流体流动的影响。负活化能在实践中是稀缺的,但在化学过程中负活化能的影响是不可忽视的。一些阿仑尼乌斯反应的速率随着温度的升高而减慢,因此与负活化能有关,例如尿素或水的放热结合。在某些过程中,压力诱导的蛋白质展开和尿素诱导的蛋白质展开在环境压力下的温度依赖性给出负活化能。用连续线性化方法(一种谱技术)求解该数学模型。对正负活化能的计算结果进行了比较。此外,对二次多元回归模型进行了简要讨论,并用条形图进行了说明。观察到,随着非稳态参数从0增加到1(取正活化能),表面摩擦和Sherwood数分别增加9.36%和19%,Nusselt数减少26%。而当激活能为负时,表面摩擦和舍伍德数分别提高9.36%和112%。
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引用次数: 1
Dissipative flow features of Carreau nanofluid with thermal radiation inside plane wall channel: Jeffery-Hamel analysis 平面壁通道内具有热辐射的Carreau纳米流体的耗散流动特征:Jeffery Hamel分析
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.02.007
Sohail Rehman , Hashim , Fuad A.M. Al-Yarimi , Sultan Alqahtani , Mohammed Awad

The current article communicates a numerical investigation on laminar flow of dissipative generalized Newtonian Carreau nanofluid flowing through vertical conduit with converging and diverging plane walls. Thermal and concentration characteristics due to enthalpy change, activation energy, and non-linear thermal radiation have been examined in the presence of buoyancy forces. The channel walls for both temperature and volumetric fraction are assumed to be isothermal. The instability mechanism of nanofluids is reported using a two-phase nanofluid model, which works reasonably well for nanoparticle concentrations below a certain threshold. A Jeffery-Hamel (J-H) flow model is developed by assuming an incompressible purely radial flow of Carreau nanofluids with heat and mass transportation. Using the suitable non-dimensional variables, the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are turned into a system of ordinary differential equations. The modified governing equations are then numerically solved using the built-in boundary value problem solver bvp4c, on the template form of commercial software MATLAB. The impacts of material, geometrical and thermophysical parameters governing the J-H problem are discussed and illustrated. Results indicate that higher buoyance forces incline the velocity profiles in converging enclosure, while a slight reduction is perceived in opposing forces. A significant decrease of wall heat transmission is reflected for larger values of activation energy and radiation parameter. For endorsing this communication, a comparison analysis is established with existing research and noticed a remarkable agreement. Practically, the flow inside converging and diverging channels are deployed in nuclear reactors that use plate-type nuclear energies, high heat-flux condensed heat exchangers, high-performance micro-electronic cooling systems, jets, rockets nozzles, and jet propulsion inlet.

本文对耗散广义牛顿卡罗纳米流体在具有会聚和发散平面壁面的垂直管道中的层流流动进行了数值研究。由于焓变、活化能和非线性热辐射,在浮力的存在下进行了热和浓度特性的研究。假设通道壁在温度和体积分数下都是等温的。采用两相纳米流体模型研究了纳米流体的不稳定性机制,该模型在纳米颗粒浓度低于某一阈值时效果良好。假设carau纳米流体具有不可压缩的纯径向流动,并具有热量和质量输运,建立了Jeffery-Hamel (J-H)流动模型。利用适当的无量纲变量,将得到的非线性偏微分方程转化为常微分方程组。然后利用商业软件MATLAB的模板形式,利用内置的边值问题求解器bvp4c对修正后的控制方程进行数值求解。讨论并说明了材料、几何和热物性参数对J-H问题的影响。结果表明,较高的浮力会使会聚封闭内的速度曲线倾斜,而相反的力会使速度曲线略有下降。当活化能和辐射参数较大时,壁面传热明显减小。为了支持这篇文章,我们与已有的研究建立了对比分析,并发现了显著的一致性。在实际应用中,核反应堆采用板式核能、高热流密度冷凝换热器、高性能微电子冷却系统、喷气机、火箭喷管和喷气推进进气道等。
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引用次数: 1
Combustion performance of hybrid rocket fuels loaded with MgB2 and carbon black additives 添加MgB2和炭黑添加剂的混合火箭燃料的燃烧性能
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2022.11.003
Yash Pal , Sasi Kiran Palateerdham , Sri Nithya Mahottamananda , Subha Sivakumar , Antonella Ingenito

Paraffin-based fuel has a great potential for several innovative missions, including space tourism, due to its safety, low environmental impact, high performance and low cost. Despite the fact that liquefying solid fuels increases the regression rate of hybrid rocket motors, incorporating energetic materials into solid fuel can still improve the performance. The objective and scope of this study is to increase the performance characteristics of the paraffin-based fuel by using magnesium diboride (MgB2) and carbon black (CB) additives. The cylindrical-port fuel grains were manufactured with various additives percentages in mass (wt%: CB-2% and MgB2-10%) and tested using a laboratory-scale ballistic hybrid motor under gaseous oxygen. The mechanical performance results revealed that adding CB and MgB2 improved the ultimate strength and elastic modulus of paraffin-based fuels. The addition of these fillers increased the hardness of fuel by developing a strong interaction in the paraffin matrix. Thermogravimetry (TG) results showed that CB inclusion improved the thermal stability of the paraffin matrix. The average regression rates of fuels loaded with CB and MgB2 were 32% and 52% higher than those of unmodified paraffin wax, respectively. The characteristic velocity efficiency was found in the range of 68%–79% at an O/F ratio of 1.5–2.6. The MgB2 oxidation/combustion in the paraffin matrix was described by a four-step oxidation process ranging from 473 K to 1723 K. Finally, a combustion model of MgB2 in the paraffin matrix was proposed, and four-step oxidation processes were discussed in detail.

石蜡基燃料由于其安全性、低环境影响、高性能和低成本,在包括空间旅游在内的若干创新任务中具有巨大的潜力。尽管液化固体燃料增加了混合火箭发动机的退化率,但在固体燃料中加入含能材料仍然可以提高发动机的性能。本研究的目的和范围是通过使用二硼化镁(MgB2)和炭黑(CB)添加剂来提高石蜡基燃料的性能特性。采用不同质量百分比的添加剂(wt%: CB-2%和MgB2-10%)制造圆柱口燃料颗粒,并使用实验室规模的弹道混合动力发动机在气态氧下进行测试。力学性能结果表明,加入丁基碳和MgB2可提高石蜡基燃料的极限强度和弹性模量。这些填料的加入通过在石蜡基体中形成强相互作用而提高了燃料的硬度。热重分析结果表明,炭黑包合物提高了石蜡基体的热稳定性。添加CB和MgB2的燃料的平均还原率分别比未改性的石蜡高32%和52%。在O/F比为1.5 ~ 2.6时,特征速度效率为68% ~ 79%。MgB2在石蜡基体中的氧化/燃烧过程由473 ~ 1723 K的四步氧化过程描述。最后,建立了MgB2在石蜡基体中的燃烧模型,并对四步氧化过程进行了详细讨论。
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引用次数: 4
Working state map of hydrocarbon fuels for regenerative cooling 碳氢燃料蓄热冷却工作状态图
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.05.002
Chen Zhang , Hui Gao , Jiajun Zhao , Guice Yao , Dongsheng Wen

Regenerative cooling by endothermic hydrocarbon fuel (EHF) is one of the most promising techniques for thermal management of supersonic or hypersonic aircraft. How to maintain the fuel working in proper states is an important issue to maximize the cooling potential of EHT. This work proposes a novel working state map, including risking zone (RZ), thermal cracking zone (TCZ), supercritical zone (SupZ) and subcritical zone (SubZ), to differentiate possible working states of an EHF during regenerative cooling. Using n-decane flowing in a circular tube as an example, the boundaries of four zones are determined by numerical simulation covering different heat fluxes (0.2–4.0 MW·m−2) and mass flow rates (0.5–10.5 g·s−1) under two operating pressures (3.45 and 5.00 MPa). Empirical correlations for three boundary lines are obtained and the maximum cooling capacity is identified, as well as the identification of the pressure effect. The revelation of such new perspective of regenerative cooling is of great implication to the design and optimization of cooling system for future thermal management.

利用吸热碳氢燃料(EHF)进行再生冷却是超声速或高超声速飞机热管理中最有前途的技术之一。如何保持燃料在适当的状态下工作是最大化EHT冷却潜力的一个重要问题。本文提出了一种新的工作状态图,包括危险区(RZ)、热裂解区(TCZ)、超临界区(SupZ)和亚临界区(SubZ),以区分再生冷却过程中EHF可能的工作状态。以正癸烷在圆管内流动为例,在3.45和5.00 MPa两种工作压力下,通过数值模拟确定了不同热流密度(0.2 ~ 4.0 MW·m−2)和质量流量(0.5 ~ 10.5 g·s−1)的四个区域边界。得到了三条边界线的经验相关性,并确定了最大制冷量,以及压力效应的识别。这种蓄热式冷却新视角的揭示,对未来热管理冷却系统的设计与优化具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Research on combustion characteristics of scramjet combustor with different flight dynamic pressure conditions 不同飞行动压条件下超燃冲压发动机燃烧室燃烧特性研究
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.02.006
Junlong Zhang, Guangjun Feng, Haotian Bai, Kangshuai Lv, Wen Bao

Combustion characteristics in a scramjet combustor equipped with a thin strut were observed and discussed in this paper. A series of numerical simulations were carried out under different flight dynamic pressure conditions. The parameters of cold flow field and combustion field were used to analyze the combustion characteristics. Based on the basic data, the mixing efficiency, characteristics of flame establishment and propagation as well as combustion field characteristics were discussed in this paper. The influence laws of lower dynamic pressure conditions were further revealed to optimize combustor performance. Results indicated that properly reducing the flight dynamic pressure can enhance the mixing of kerosene. The diffusion of kerosene determined the distribution of combustion zone and heat release. Then, the influencing factor that affected the chemical reaction rate was revealed to shorten chemical reaction time. And the higher flight Mach number made the flame propagation velocity faster and the combustion stability stronger. The fuel mixing became the main factor and low dynamic pressure had little effect on laminar flame propagation velocity under high Mach number conditions. The investigations in this paper are helpful for understanding the combustion characteristics under low dynamic pressure conditions.

对装有薄支板的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的燃烧特性进行了观察和讨论。在不同的飞行动压条件下进行了一系列数值模拟。利用冷流场和燃烧场参数对燃烧特性进行了分析。在此基础上,讨论了混合效率、火焰建立和传播特性以及燃烧场特性。进一步揭示了低动压条件对燃烧室性能的影响规律。结果表明,适当降低飞行动压可以增强煤油的混合。煤油的扩散决定了燃烧区的分布和热量的释放。进而揭示影响化学反应速率的因素,缩短化学反应时间。飞行马赫数越高,火焰传播速度越快,燃烧稳定性越强。在高马赫数条件下,燃料混合成为影响层流火焰传播速度的主要因素,低动压对层流火焰传播速度影响不大。本文的研究有助于理解低动压条件下的燃烧特性。
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引用次数: 2
First thrust measurements in ionic multi-propeller rotational engines 离子多螺旋桨旋转发动机的首次推力测量
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.01.003
Adrian Ieta , Marius Chirita

Rotary ionic engines (RIEs) with multi-coaxial contra-rotating propellers (12.6 cm diameter) and their axial thrust are investigated in laboratory conditions, in air at atmospheric pressure, for the first time. The goal is to evaluate more advantageous configurations that may be scaled up and further help with development of rotary ionic drones. The propellers are designed with regular pin-emitter electrodes placed coaxially inside a cylindrical collector electrode. When high voltage is applied, propellers spin generating conventional axial thrust which is measured with an electronic scale in a “see-saw” setup. Up to 40 mN thrust was obtained in single propeller RIE at 2600 rpm, 0.34 mA, 37.5 kV, and an optimal collector electrode diameter of 17 cm. More thrust can be obtained with two and three propellers at constant current per propeller but at a decreased efficiency. Varying the axial propeller-separation showed that propeller-interaction is minimal above 5 cm. Thrust-to-power and thrust-to-current ratios were calculated and compared. We experimentally confirm here for the first time that within certain limits, the thrust-to-power variation can be assessed by the propeller kinetic energy-to-power ratio and also by the impedance of the gap (voltage-to-current ratio). A comparison of RIE arrays performance with one, two, and three coaxial propellers and the same total number of propellers per array (six) is also performed. RIE arrays with multi-coaxial propellers can provide larger thrust densities than single-propeller arrays. Also, arrays employing two coaxial propeller unit may be more weight effective.

首次在实验室条件下,在常压空气中研究了多同轴对旋螺旋桨(直径12.6 cm)旋转离子发动机及其轴向推力。目标是评估可能扩大规模的更有利的配置,并进一步帮助开发旋转离子无人机。螺旋桨被设计成有规则的针射电极同轴放置在圆柱形集电极内。当施加高电压时,螺旋桨旋转产生传统的轴向推力,这是用电子秤在“跷跷板”设置中测量的。在2600 rpm, 0.34 mA, 37.5 kV,最佳集电极直径为17 cm的单螺旋桨RIE中,可获得高达40 mN的推力。两个和三个螺旋桨在每个螺旋桨恒定电流下可以获得更大的推力,但效率降低。改变轴向螺旋桨-分离表明,螺旋桨-相互作用在5 cm以上最小。计算并比较了推力功率比和推力电流比。我们首次通过实验证实,在一定范围内,推力功率变化可以通过螺旋桨动能功率比和间隙阻抗(电压电流比)来评估。同时还比较了RIE阵列在一个、两个和三个同轴螺旋桨以及每个阵列的螺旋桨总数相同(六个)的情况下的性能。具有多同轴螺旋桨的RIE阵列可以提供比单螺旋桨阵列更大的推力密度。此外,采用两个同轴螺旋桨单元的阵列可能更有效地减轻重量。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of multiple subcavities with floor subcavity in supersonic cavity flow 超音速空腔流动中多个亚空腔与底亚空腔的影响
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2023.02.003
Priyansh Jain, Anbarasan Sekar, Aravind Vaidyanathan

Experimental and computational analysis has been carried out by many researchers on supersonic cavity flow, but detailed analysis based on Rossiter's model still requires some insight. In the current study an open rectangular cavity with a length to depth ratio of 2 (L/D = 2) and Mach number at the inlet as 1.71, was considered as a baseline configuration for experimental analysis. Statistical techniques such as power spectral density (PSD), correlation, and overall sound pressure level (OASPL) were carried out on the unsteady pressure data, to analyze the aero-acoustic flow physics. High-speed schlieren images were processed to obtain spatially coherent modes by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The analysis was extended for different dimensions of subcavities on the aft, floor, and front wall. This detailed analysis of these configurations with different dimensions and combinations revealed the various flow features and mode frequencies in supersonic cavity. As the front wall subcavity act as a passive control device, reducing the overall sound pressure level inside the cavity whereas, the aft wall subcavity acts as a passive resonator with distinct harmonic fluid-resonant modes, a similar phenomenon was observed for floor subcavity at different locations. A novel method was employed to analyze Rossiter's model and its applicability in estimating experimental modes was verified, as it accurately predicted the dominant frequencies with a maximum of 2.74% uncertainty among all the configurations.

许多研究者已经对超声速空腔流动进行了实验和计算分析,但是基于Rossiter模型的详细分析还需要一些深入的了解。在本研究中,将长深比为2 (L/D = 2)、进口马赫数为1.71的开放矩形空腔作为实验分析的基准配置。采用功率谱密度(PSD)、相关系数(correlation)、总声压级(OASPL)等统计方法对非定常压力数据进行分析。采用正交分解(POD)方法对高速纹影图像进行处理,得到空间相干模式。将分析扩展到不同尺寸的尾部、底板和前壁上的亚腔。通过对这些不同尺寸和组合的构型的详细分析,揭示了超声速腔内不同的流动特征和模态频率。由于前壁亚腔作为被动控制装置,降低了腔内的整体声压级,而后壁亚腔作为被动谐振器,具有不同的谐波流-谐振模式,因此不同位置的底板亚腔也有类似的现象。采用一种新颖的方法对Rossiter模型进行分析,验证了Rossiter模型在实验模态估计中的适用性,该模型准确地预测了所有构型的主导频率,最大不确定度为2.74%。
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引用次数: 0
Aerodynamic system instability identification with sample entropy algorithm based on feature extraction 基于特征提取的样本熵算法在气动系统不稳定性识别中的应用
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2022.02.004
Mingming Zhang , Jia Zhang , Anping Hou , Aiguo Xia , Wei Tuo , Yongzhao Lv

Based on the sample entropy algorithm in nonlinear dynamics, an improved sample entropy method is proposed in the aerodynamic system instability identification for the stall precursor detection based on the nonlinear feature extraction algorithm in an axial compressor. The sample entropy algorithm is an improved algorithm based on the approximate entropy algorithm, which quantifies the regularity and the predictability of data in time series. Combined with the spatial modes representing for the rotating stall in the circumferential direction, the recognition capacity of the sample entropy is displayed well on the detection of stall inception. The indications of rotating waves are extracted by the circumferential analysis from modal wave energy. The significant ascendant in the amplitude of the spatial mode is a pronounced feature well before the imminence of stall. Data processing with the spatial mode effectively avoids the problems of inaccurate identification of a single measuring point only depending on pressure. Due to the different selections of similarity tolerance, two kinds of sample entropy are obtained. The properties of the development process of the identification model show obvious mutation phenomena at the boundary of instability, which reveal the inherent characteristic in aerodynamic system. Then the dynamic difference quotient is computed according to the difference quotient criterion, after the smooth management by discrete wavelet. The rapid increase of difference quotient can be regarded as a significant feature of the system approaching the flow instability. It is proven that based on the principle of sample entropy algorithm, the nonlinear characteristic of rotating stall can be well described. The inception can be suggested by about 12–68 revolutions before the stall arrival. This prediction method presenting is accounted for the nonlinearity of the complex flow in stall, which is in a view of data fusion system of pressure for the spatial mode tracking.

基于非线性动力学中的样本熵算法,提出了一种改进的基于非线性特征提取算法的轴流压气机失速前兆检测的气动系统不稳定性识别样本熵方法。样本熵算法是在近似熵算法的基础上改进的一种算法,它量化了时间序列中数据的规律性和可预测性。结合代表旋转失速的周向空间模式,很好地显示了样本熵在失速起始检测中的识别能力。通过模态波能的周向分析,提取了旋转波的指示。在失速迫近之前,空间模态振幅的显著上升是一个明显的特征。采用空间模式对数据进行处理,有效地避免了仅依靠压力对单个测点识别不准确的问题。由于相似容忍度的选择不同,得到了两种样本熵。辨识模型发展过程的性质在不稳定边界处表现出明显的突变现象,揭示了气动系统固有的特性。然后根据差商准则计算动态差商,经过离散小波平滑处理。差商的快速增大可以看作是系统趋于流动不稳定的一个显著特征。实验证明,基于样本熵算法的原理可以很好地描述旋转失速的非线性特性。在失速到达前大约转12-68圈,就可以提出开始。该预测方法考虑了复杂失速流动的非线性,从压力数据融合系统的角度进行空间模态跟踪。
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引用次数: 5
Insight into the relationship between non-linear mixed convection and thermal radiation: The case of Newtonian fluid flow due to non-linear stretching 对非线性混合对流与热辐射关系的洞察:非线性拉伸引起的牛顿流体流动的情况
IF 5.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jppr.2022.11.002
Amit Kumar Pandey , Krishnendu Bhattacharyya , Anil Kumar Gautam , Sohita Rajput , Mani Shankar Mandal , Ali J. Chamkha , Dhananjay Yadav

The current research focuses the light on the characterization of buoyancy-driven non-linear mixed convection and non-linear radiation in a Newtonian flow over a non-linearly stretching vertical sheet, and this type of flow has useful applications in many industrial processes, such as the paper and pulp industry, polymer industry, electronic device cooling, solar collectors, gas turbine plants, and nuclear power. Using appropriate transformations, governing PDEs for non-linear mixed convection are reduced to higher-order non-linear ODEs and those are numerically solved. Along with tabular presentations of computed results, the graphical representations are generated to elucidate the effects of involved parameters on convection transport properties and their inter-relations. It demonstrates that flow velocity increases near the surface and decreases away from the surface as the non-linear convection parameter increases. Furthermore, increments in the thermal buoyancy, temperature ratio and non-linear radiation parameters result in the boost of velocity. The temperature decreases as linear and non-linear buoyancy-related parameters (non-linear convection and thermal buoyancy parameters) are of higher levels. In contrast, the temperature rises with two non-linear thermal radiation-related parameters (thermal ratio and non-linear radiation parameters). For greater values of the non-linear stretching related parameter, a lower velocity and a higher temperature are witnessed. The non-linear convection, thermal buoyancy, thermal ratio and non-linear radiation parameters contribute toward the reduction of the magnitude of surface-drag force and growth of the surface cooling rate. But, with the non-linearity in surface stretching there are significant percentage hikes of surface-drag force magnitude and surface cooling rate.

目前的研究主要集中在浮力驱动的非线性混合对流和非线性辐射在非线性拉伸垂直板上的牛顿流的特征,这种类型的流动在许多工业过程中有有用的应用,如造纸和纸浆工业、聚合物工业、电子设备冷却、太阳能集热器、燃气轮机工厂和核电。通过适当的变换,将非线性混合对流的控制偏微分方程简化为高阶非线性偏微分方程,并对其进行数值求解。在计算结果以表格形式呈现的同时,还生成了图形表示,以阐明所涉及的参数对对流输运性质的影响及其相互关系。结果表明,随着非线性对流参数的增大,近地表流速增大,远离地表流速减小。此外,热浮力、温度比和非线性辐射参数的增加会导致速度的提高。随着线性和非线性浮力参数(非线性对流和热浮力参数)的升高,温度降低。相反,温度升高与两个非线性热辐射相关参数(热比和非线性辐射参数)有关。非线性拉伸相关参数值越大,速度越低,温度越高。非线性对流、热浮力、热比和非线性辐射参数有助于表面阻力大小的减小和表面冷却速率的增加。但是,随着表面拉伸的非线性,表面阻力大小和表面冷却速率显著增加。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Propulsion and Power Research
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