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Digital authenticity: Towards a research agenda for the AI-driven fifth phase of digitalization in business-to-business marketing 数字真实性:为人工智能驱动的企业对企业营销数字化第五阶段制定研究议程
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.10.005
In recent years, we have witnessed a massive proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) in all parts of society and business. Advances in AI are rapidly changing business-to-business marketing as well, with substantial implications for business-to-business theory and practice. In an extension of Ritter and Pedersen's (2020) phases of digitalization in business-to-business firms and through conceptual integration and development, this paper argues that digitalization has entered a new phase based on the generative capabilities of AI, which produce seemingly authentic artefacts, interactions, and datasets that cannot be consistently recognized as artificial, i.e. machine created with no or limited connection to real entities such as persons and places but which can be mistaken for having such connections. The paper outlines the characteristics of this evolution of digitalization and develops a research agenda for this fifth phase of digitalization, including the need for digital authorization to moderate the development of digital authenticity into value creation.
近年来,我们目睹了人工智能(AI)在社会和商业各个领域的大规模普及。人工智能的进步也在迅速改变着企业对企业的营销,对企业对企业的理论和实践产生了重大影响。本文对 Ritter 和 Pedersen(2020 年)提出的企业对企业数字化阶段进行了延伸,通过概念上的整合与发展,认为数字化已经进入了一个基于人工智能生成能力的新阶段,人工智能生成的看似真实的人工制品、互动和数据集无法被一致地识别为人工的,即机器创造的与真实实体(如人和地点)没有或只有有限的联系,但会被误认为有这种联系。本文概述了这一数字化演变的特点,并为这一数字化的第五阶段制定了研究议程,包括数字授权的必要性,以缓和数字真实性向价值创造的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Moving forward without resolution: Managing competing logics through a temporary agreement 不解决问题,继续前进:通过临时协议管理相互竞争的逻辑
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.10.003
Managing competing logics is a challenging task with significant risks if not done properly. Current research presents conflicting views, suggesting that contradictions between competing logics must either be resolved or tolerated. To bridge these conflicting perspectives, this study enhances a relational paradox view to understand how competing logics can coexist without paralyzing organizations. Our study extends existing literature by demonstrating that competing logics can coexist under specific conditions, including time and innovation pressures. When these conditions are present, individuals can reach temporary agreements to move forward, without fundamentally resolving the underlying contradiction. These findings elucidate why competing logics do not paralyze organizations. This research suggests new avenues for studying practices to manage competing logics from a relational paradox perspective.
管理相互竞争的逻辑是一项具有挑战性的任务,如果处理不当,会带来巨大风险。目前的研究提出了相互冲突的观点,认为必须解决或容忍相互竞争的逻辑之间的矛盾。为了弥合这些相互冲突的观点,本研究强化了关系悖论的观点,以了解相互竞争的逻辑如何共存而不会使组织陷入瘫痪。我们的研究扩展了现有的文献,证明了在特定条件下,包括时间和创新压力下,竞争逻辑可以共存。当这些条件出现时,个人可以达成临时协议以向前推进,而不会从根本上解决根本矛盾。这些发现阐明了为什么竞争逻辑不会使组织瘫痪。这项研究为从关系悖论的角度研究管理竞争逻辑的实践提出了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Channeling influence: The impact of downstream salesperson solution orientation within a business-to-business channel 渠道影响:企业对企业渠道中的下游销售人员解决方案导向的影响
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.010
Upstream manufacturers selling through downstream multi-line dealers are tasked with motivating dealer salespeople to sell their products rather than competitive products. To do so, they often attempt to reduce dealer salespeople's perceived risk by sending personable representatives into the field, showcase the quality of their products, and/or increase dealer salespeople's familiarity with the products; however, these costly and time-consuming tactics may be for naught if downstream dealer salespeople are solution oriented when searching for and proposing products of the highest value to a unique customer. Thus, the extent to which salespeople are solution oriented alters the impact of manufacturers' tactics toward increasing dealer salespeople's effort. The findings of this three-source, multi-level study reveal that dealer salespeople's solution orientation has nuanced effects on the ability of upstream manufacturer tactics to influence their focused effort. More specifically, there is a negative interaction effect between salesperson solution orientation and both liking of a manufacturer field representative and manufacturer product quality on a salesperson's focused effort. However, there is a positive interaction effect between salesperson solution orientation and familiarity with a manufacturer's products on a salesperson's focused effort. In turn, a salesperson's focused effort directly affects both objective and subjective performance measures.
通过下游多线经销商进行销售的上游制造商的任务是激励经销商销售人员销售他们的产品,而不是竞争产品。为此,制造商通常会派遣亲和力强的销售代表深入现场,展示其产品质量,并/或提高经销商销售人员对产品的熟悉程度,从而降低经销商销售人员的风险感知;然而,如果下游经销商销售人员在为独特客户寻找和推荐最高价值的产品时以解决方案为导向,那么这些耗费成本和时间的策略可能会付诸东流。因此,销售人员以解决方案为导向的程度会改变制造商的策略对增加经销商销售人员努力的影响。这项三来源、多层次的研究结果表明,经销商销售人员的解决方案导向对上游制造商策略影响其集中努力的能力有细微的影响。更具体地说,销售人员的解决方案导向与对制造商现场代表的好感和制造商的产品质量对销售人员的专注度之间存在负向交互效应。然而,销售人员的解决方案导向与对制造商产品的熟悉程度对销售人员的集中努力存在正向交互效应。反过来,销售人员的专注度又直接影响到客观和主观绩效指标。
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引用次数: 0
Exclusion and inclusion on business markets: Impacts of the Internet-Of-Things (IoT) 商业市场的排斥与包容:物联网(IoT)的影响
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.004
The implementation of IoT solutions transforms business-to-business markets. This transformation is not limited to technological changes. It also affects the actors and activities that characterize markets. We argue that the possibility of forms of exclusion / inclusion, as interpreted in Luhmann's theory, has important consequences for IoT solutions. Different from prior studies which have focused on why and how market-related forces exclude actors from a market, this research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of possible exclusion phenomena linked to IoT implementation in business markets, concerning its affected actors, mechanisms, and consequences. Using ‘cold cases’, this research uses case study methodology to identify potential forms of exclusion and inclusion. It then develops a framework that identifies different situations of exclusion and inclusion. Finally, it suggests avenues for future research and provides managerial implications for the actors concerned in this context.
物联网解决方案的实施改变了企业对企业市场。这种变革不仅限于技术变革。它还影响到市场的参与者和活动。我们认为,正如卢曼理论所解释的那样,排斥/包容形式的可能性对物联网解决方案具有重要影响。以往的研究主要关注与市场有关的力量为何以及如何将参与者排除在市场之外,与此不同,本研究旨在全面概述与物联网在商业市场中的实施有关的可能的排斥现象,涉及受影响的参与者、机制和后果。本研究利用 "冷案例",采用案例研究方法来识别潜在的排斥和包容形式。然后,它建立了一个框架,确定了排斥和包容的不同情况。最后,本研究提出了今后的研究方向,并为相关行动者提供了管理方面的启示。
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引用次数: 0
The balancing act: Organizational agility in fast-growing international ventures 平衡之术:快速发展的国际企业的组织灵活性
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.007
Organizational agility (OA) is a prominent strategic goal considered to be a key to success, especially in conditions of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. In this paper, we flip the dominant research focus, that is, how to build or how to transform towards OA, to the under-investigated topic of how to maintain and weave it into the fabric of an organization. We draw on data from eight fast-growing B2B ventures that operate internationally. These companies may be considered revelatory for the study of OA, given that they outperform despite the inherent uncertainty and the liabilities of their new business, the complexity arising from a volatile international environment, and the internal turbulence resulting from their fast growth.
We build on a paradoxical lens to understand whether and how OA assists in engaging with alternative strategic demands – e.g. stability and change, local and global demand, short- and longer-term horizons, and respective resource allocation- that arise from their external and internal environment.
Theoretical contributions lie in a reconceptualization of OA that is ‘future-fit’ and supports fast growth over the long term, in a better understanding of growth drivers in entrepreneurial ventures, and with the identification and resolution of paradox in a new – fast-growth - context. For management practice, we offer advice regarding where and how to develop agility to continuously benefit from the ability to respond to internal and external change and avoid tensions in the future.
组织敏捷性(OA)是一个突出的战略目标,被认为是成功的关键,尤其是在动荡、不确定、复杂和模糊的条件下。在本文中,我们将主流研究重点,即如何建立或如何向组织敏捷性转型,转移到了研究不足的如何保持组织敏捷性并将其融入组织结构这一课题上。我们借鉴了八家在国际上快速发展的 B2B 企业的数据。这些公司可以说对 OA 的研究具有启示意义,因为尽管它们的新业务存在固有的不确定性和负债,尽管动荡的国际环境带来了复杂性,尽管快速增长造成了内部动荡,但它们仍然表现出色。我们的理论贡献在于对 "适合未来 "并支持长期快速增长的 OA 进行重新概念化,更好地理解创业企业的增长动力,以及在新的快速增长背景下识别和解决矛盾。在管理实践方面,我们就在何处以及如何发展敏捷性提供建议,以便不断从应对内部和外部变化的能力中获益,并避免未来的紧张局势。
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引用次数: 0
Institutions, effectuation and network outsidership: Reviews and case studies of foreign market entry 制度、效应和网络外部性:外国市场进入回顾与案例研究
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.009
How firms respond to institutional turbulence while entering foreign markets remains a research gap in international business today. This is especially true due to the scarcity of understanding regarding the interaction between a firm's network development and its decision-making process. We employ a historical multiple-case study method to investigate three Swedish firms and their foreign market entry into China between 1980 and 2010. Our findings show that while firms followed the incremental pathwork suggested by the Uppsala Model, their internationalization shifted from causal prediction to effectual flexibility due primarily to institutional turbulence that led them to hiatus and reorganization of interrelated network relationships. Our research makes two significant observations related to firms establishing insidership network positions that deserve future research attention: On the one hand, firms' network development is influenced by institutional turbulence, and on the other hand, firms' network position also influences further significant institutional changes by themselves.
企业在进入国外市场时如何应对制度动荡仍是当今国际商业领域的一个研究空白。由于对企业网络发展与其决策过程之间的互动缺乏了解,这一点尤为突出。我们采用历史多案例研究法,调查了三家瑞典公司及其在 1980 年至 2010 年间进入中国市场的情况。我们的研究结果表明,虽然企业遵循了乌普萨拉模型所提出的渐进式发展路径,但其国际化进程却从因果预测转向了效果灵活性,这主要是由于制度动荡导致企业中断和重组了相互关联的网络关系。我们的研究提出了两个与企业建立内部网络地位有关的重要观点,值得未来的研究关注:一方面,企业的网络发展受到制度动荡的影响;另一方面,企业的网络地位也会影响自身进一步的重大制度变迁。
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引用次数: 0
Strategizing in business networks: The ambivalent entrepreneur 在商业网络中制定战略:矛盾的企业家
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.008
Ambivalence is innate in the strategic choices entrepreneurs must make, yet we lack understanding of ambivalence in an entrepreneurial business network context. Drawing from the IMP research stream and the sociological theory of ambivalence, this paper addresses this gap to shed light on the role of ambivalence in strategizing (process of making strategy) network development and use. Using qualitative case studies of craft brewing entrepreneurs, we develop a theoretical framework consisting of three processes: 1) experiences of ambivalence in interaction, 2) strategizing ambivalence experienced, and 3) dynamics of change in ambivalence over time. Our findings suggest three forms of relational strategizing, ‘divide and conquer’, ‘please and appease’, and ‘abide and decide’. Strategizing and experiences of ambivalence are continually adapted as the entrepreneurs make sense of changes in interaction processes within a social structure. Implications for theory and practice are suggested.
在企业家必须做出的战略选择中,矛盾心理是与生俱来的,但我们对创业企业网络背景下的矛盾心理缺乏了解。本文从 IMP 研究流和矛盾社会学理论中汲取营养,填补了这一空白,揭示了矛盾心理在战略制定(制定战略的过程)网络开发和使用中的作用。通过对手工酿造企业家的定性案例研究,我们建立了一个由三个过程组成的理论框架:1)互动中的矛盾体验;2)战略制定中的矛盾体验;3)随着时间推移矛盾的动态变化。我们的研究结果表明了三种形式的关系策略:"分而治之"、"取悦与安抚 "和 "遵守与决定"。随着创业者对社会结构中互动过程变化的理解,他们会不断调整策略和矛盾体验。本文提出了对理论和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Do we get along well? A dyadic study of how and when congruence in specific investments influence innovation 我们相处得好吗?特定投资的一致性如何以及何时影响创新的二元研究
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.011
Using a matched survey of 209 buyer-supplier pairs, this study adopts a dyadic approach to investigate the impact of congruence in specific investments on innovation performance. It explores the mediating role of knowledge acquisition and moderating role of digital collaboration capability. The study focuses on the outcomes differentiated by levels of investment congruence (high-high vs. low-low congruence) and scenarios (congruence vs. in congruence), including the direction of incongruence (buyer-higher vs. supplier-higher incongruence). The findings indicate that investment congruence correlates with increased knowledge acquisition compared with incongruence, particularly for high-high specific investment congruence. In cases of incongruence, scenarios with supplier-higher incongruence led to more effective knowledge acquisition compared with buyer-higher incongruence. The research also reveals that congruence in specific investments indirectly enhances buyer innovation performance through knowledge acquisition, and the effect is enhanced by digital collaboration capabilities. This study thereby contributes to the business-to-business literature by revealing how and when congruence in specific investments influence innovation performance.
本研究通过对 209 对买家和供应商进行配对调查,采用二元方法研究特定投资的一致性对创新绩效的影响。研究探讨了知识获取的中介作用和数字协作能力的调节作用。研究重点关注投资一致性水平(高-高一致性与低-低一致性)和情景(一致与不一致)的不同结果,包括不一致的方向(买方-高不一致与供应方-高不一致)。研究结果表明,与不一致情况相比,投资一致会增加知识获取,特别是在高-高具体投资一致的情况下。在不一致的情况下,与买方与卖方不一致程度较高的情况相比,卖方与买方不一致程度较高的情况会导致更有效的知识获取。研究还发现,具体投资的一致性会通过知识获取间接提高买方的创新绩效,而数字协作能力会增强这种效果。因此,本研究通过揭示特定投资的一致性如何以及何时影响创新绩效,为企业对企业的研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Resolving the salesperson competitiveness-performance paradox: The role of benign vs. malicious envy 解决销售人员竞争力-业绩悖论:良性嫉妒与恶意嫉妒的作用
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.005
This research explores how salesperson competitiveness fuels both benign (positive) and malicious (negative) forms of envy, impacting sales performance positively and negatively, respectively. This study contributes to the sales literature by examining “self” and “other” oriented forms of competitiveness in relation to envy, investigating the effects of malicious and benign envy on sales performance, and showing that dedication can amplify the effects of benign envy on sales performance. The findings highlight the nuanced effects of the “double-edged sword” of salesperson competitiveness through both positive (benign) and negative (malicious) forms of envy on salesperson performance.
本研究探讨了销售人员的竞争力如何助长良性(积极)和恶意(消极)形式的嫉妒,并分别对销售业绩产生积极和消极影响。本研究通过研究与嫉妒相关的 "自我 "和 "他人 "导向的竞争形式,调查恶意和良性嫉妒对销售业绩的影响,并表明敬业精神会放大良性嫉妒对销售业绩的影响,从而为销售文献做出贡献。研究结果凸显了销售人员竞争力这把 "双刃剑 "通过积极(良性)和消极(恶意)两种形式的嫉妒对销售人员绩效产生的微妙影响。
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引用次数: 0
Data-related tensions in digital servitization ecosystems: A systematic literature review 数字服务化生态系统中与数据相关的紧张关系:系统性文献综述
IF 7.8 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.09.002

This article investigates data-related tensions and their corresponding coping strategies arising from inter-firm collaboration in digital servitization ecosystems. We conducted a systematic literature review based on thematic and network analyses, covering a sample of 191 articles on digital servitization. The findings offer a set of 11 tensions organized into six dimensions: (i) data strategy, (ii) data partnership governance, (iii) data reliability, (iv) data security and privacy, (v) data interoperability, and (vi) data lifecycle. Additionally, we identify seven coping strategies to address these tensions, which we categorized into three approaches: (i) governance, (ii) technology, and (iii) organization. These tensions and their corresponding coping strategies are arranged and presented in a conceptual framework, leading into five propositions. We also provide a research agenda outlining future research opportunities to expand knowledge on the tensions arising from inter-organizational relationships when creating and providing data-driven services. For practitioners, we offer insights into how to manage ecosystem relationships by suggesting strategies to cope with these tensions, and for policy makers we shed light on crucial matters for future data governance policies and laws.

本文研究了数字服务化生态系统中企业间合作所产生的与数据相关的紧张关系及其相应的应对策略。我们基于主题分析和网络分析进行了系统的文献综述,涵盖了 191 篇有关数字服务化的文章样本。研究结果提出了 11 个紧张问题,分为六个方面:(i) 数据战略,(ii) 数据合作治理,(iii) 数据可靠性,(iv) 数据安全与隐私,(v) 数据互操作性,以及 (vi) 数据生命周期。此外,我们还确定了七种应对策略来解决这些矛盾,并将其分为三种方法:(i) 治理、(ii) 技术和 (iii) 组织。这些矛盾及其相应的应对策略在一个概念框架中进行了排列和展示,并提出了五个命题。我们还提供了一个研究议程,概述了未来的研究机会,以扩大对创建和提供数据驱动服务时组织间关系所产生的紧张关系的了解。对于从业人员,我们提出了应对这些紧张关系的策略,为如何管理生态系统关系提供了见解;对于政策制定者,我们阐明了未来数据治理政策和法律的关键问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Industrial Marketing Management
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