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Authoritarian urbanism beyond the city: Infrastructure-led extended urbanisation and India’s more-than-neoliberal configurations
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241309737
Nitin Bathla
In the context of the prevailing global rightward and populist shift, there exists a largely unexplored yet profound nexus between authoritarian neoliberalism and infrastructure-led extended urbanisation beyond the city. Drawing on insights from extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted along India’s highway corridors, this paper examines the authoritarianism and social fragmentation inherent in the state’s attempts to extend infrastructure-led urbanisation into economically bypassed regions. By exploring the intersections between the construction of recent highway corridors through previously bypassed regions inhabited by marginalised religious and caste groups and the outbreak of state-backed violence, this paper analyses authoritarian urbanism emerging amidst social struggles over enclosure and urbanisation of agrarian land. Specifically, the paper delves in depth into the planning of two recent highway corridors – the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway and the India–Myanmar–Thailand highway – and the escalation of state-sponsored religious conflicts and polarisation in the regions these corridors traverse. This research demonstrates how national-scale infrastructure projects, such as the Bharatmala highway programme, allow for the framing of a national-popular project that selectively incorporates hegemonic socio-religious groups such as certain Hindu caste groups who have reaped the primary benefits of economic liberalisation while disenfranchising marginalised communities. The paper defines authoritarian urbanism as a more-than-neoliberal configuration emerging from a toxic amalgamation of state power, bellicose militarism, infrastructure-led urbanisation and religious nationalism. It concludes that this emerging authoritarian urbanism obscures the neoliberal crises of jobless growth and fails to address the uneven development and social inequalities resulting from infrastructure-led urbanisation.
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引用次数: 0
The micro-geography of knowledge exchanges in Montreal: Questioning the importance of the neighbourhood scale in an age of virtual communications
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241301669
Richard Shearmur, David Doloreux
Observation and theory confirm that economic activity can benefit from spatial agglomeration and clustering. Typically this has been analysed at the region or city scale, but recently micro-local and neighbourhood dynamics have drawn attention. Most studies first observe agglomeration, then infer or theorise processes that drive it; these inferred processes have become embedded in urban policy thinking. One such process is localised knowledge exchange, believed to be encouraged by spatial proximity and third spaces such as cafes and parks. In this study of Montreal firms, we directly explore the importance that firms attach to different scales and places at which knowledge exchange occurs. Overall, micro-local and local scales are considered less important than metropolitan and wider scales; third spaces are not considered important, except by marketing innovators; and there is no connection between innovation and the importance of local scale for knowledge acquisition. However, results are not homogeneous across urban context, economic sector or innovation profile: the association between micro-local knowledge exchange and geographical location is complex and cannot be generalised across neighbourhoods or firms.
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引用次数: 0
Framing urban mobility injustice from the Global South
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241306676
Pedro da Cunha Rego Logiodice, Mariana Abrantes Giannotti
This paper presents the Relational Urban Mobility Injustice framework for analysing urban accessibility and mobility, aiming to uncover critical, often overlooked injustices in the mobility system. Through reevaluating transport outcomes, we distinguish regimes of (im)mobility and expose the oppressive interdependence among them that mirrors and reinforces injustices across social groups. Using empirical data from public transport in São Paulo as a proof of concept, we show how transport conditions in terms of fare costs and crowding are shaped by social markers such as class and race. Areas predominantly inhabited by white residents feature lower crowding (below six passengers/m2) and reduced fares (under nine Brazilian reals), whereas zones primarily occupied by lower-class, black residents endure overcrowding and higher fares (over 18 Brazilian reals), inadvertently subsidising transportation for upper class and white areas. These dynamics demonstrate how deeply entwined conditions of precarity and privilege may be within a public transport system. Our argument and findings advocate for a paradigm shift in urban transport research, emphasising the oppression between social groups within the urban mobility systems.
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引用次数: 0
A hima traditional ecological knowledge perspective of the sustainability goals in AlUla’s journey through time masterplan
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241301656
Abdulrahman Alshami, Martin Bryant, Andrew Toland
Saudi Arabia’s ‘Vision 2030’ proposes a more diversified society and a less oil-dominated economy, enabled by several ambitious best-practice sustainability urbanisation projects, one of which is the ‘Journey Through Time’ Masterplan for the urban region of AlUla in the Kingdom’s Hegra Valley. The Masterplan proposes an expansion and intensification of existing towns, economically supported by international tourism focused on the Hegra UNESCO World Heritage Site. It thereby couples tangible cultural heritage management with sustainable urban development. Yet the AlUla Masterplan has shown little evidence of engaging with the intangible heritage of traditional ecological knowledge and practices, known in Arabic as hima, which have been intrinsically connected to the ancient heritage fabric for millennia. Based on interviews with community elders and traditional knowledge-holders, site observations of traditional practices and techniques, and a review of government documents and websites, this paper demonstrates that consideration of local hima practices has the potential to integrate urban sustainability transitions together with the preservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. It suggests that practices embedded in local hima, like water-use and land-use arrangements, offer sustainable resource management and disaster mitigation options for the AlUla scheme; and that hima’s intrinsic social dimension, and its culture of intergenerational transmission, offers opportunities to connect heritage, community and the regional environment. Our research concludes with the benefits of integrating hima traditional ecological knowledge with cultural heritage preservation and urban modernisation, offering an approach to sustainable transformations of the region’s cities, communities and sometimes fragile resources.
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引用次数: 0
‘Peace-kept’ urbanism: Ephemerality and endurance in eastern DRC
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241308111
Maren Larsen
This paper opens up and departs from United Nations peacekeeping camps in the city of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, to grapple with questions around urbanism’s temporariness and permanence. Inspired by literature from southern urbanism and camp urbanism that focuses on temporal aspects of the built environment, I trace the various spatio-temporal horizons through which peacekeeping camps come in and out of being. Honing in on a particular moment of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that registers both its extendedness and acknowledgement of an eventual end, four empirical examples illustrate the overlapping temporal logics shaping the spaces of these contingent camps. I trace these logics in ways that can be analytically useful to understanding how urbanism emerges in the continuous re-making of human settlements between now and later, as well as between the city and elsewhere. In doing so, I develop the notion of ‘peace-kept’ urbanism to account for dwelling arrangements in places where there is peacekeeping, marked by both ephemerality and endurance and fluctuating in conjunction with multiple spatial and temporal horizons.
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引用次数: 0
Subverting speculative urbanism: Cityscape in New York 2140
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241307571
Ali Riza Taskale
This article is divided into two parts. The first part foregrounds the logic of contemporary financial capitalism, emphasising the increasing role of ‘speculative urbanism’ in urban transformation. While the literature on the ‘financialisation of the city’ often highlights the commodity as the paradigmatic social form in urban settings, I argue that this perspective no longer fully captures the dynamics of contemporary capitalism. The second part contends that urban studies can significantly benefit from engaging with speculative fiction. Through its imaginative and projective capacities, speculative fiction mirrors empirical social and technological trends, while also illuminating the logical and structural relationship between speculative financialisation and urbanisation. Analysing Kim Stanley Robinson’s New York 2140, the article demonstrates how the novel helps us understand the devastation caused by financial capital, while also presenting a city where people engage in horizontal forms of resistance against speculative urbanism. Ultimately, the article proposes that for urban studies to develop a pertinent theory of futures in the 21st century, it must engage deeply with the mechanisms of speculative financial capitalism and incorporate the critical potential of speculative fiction to analyse and understand speculation as a key aspect of financial capitalism, while uncovering suppressed contradictions and potentialities.
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Spatial Justice, Contested Governance and Livelihood Challenges in Bangladesh: The Production of Counterspace 书评:《孟加拉国的空间正义、有争议的治理和生计挑战:抗衡空间的产生》
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241310609
Lipon Mondal
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引用次数: 0
Spectres of gentrification: Towards a hauntological framework for exploring the impacts of gentrification 士绅化的幽灵:探索士绅化影响的幽灵学框架
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241306087
Josh Lown
Theoretical foundations that frame gentrification often focus heavily on the material and political economy perspective. While this perspective addresses the material impacts of gentrification – cost of housing, changes in demographics, development of new housing structures – it does not address the way gentrification is experienced by long-time residents of gentrifying communities. One of the often-overlooked dimensions of gentrification is how residents’ perceptions of their continued belonging in the neighbourhood can lead to experiences of alienation. While underexplored in gentrification research, hauntology offers a theoretical framework that allows for a ‘more than material’ understanding of the relationship between personhood, place and property in neighbourhoods undergoing gentrification. Using a case study of a gentrifying neighbourhood in New England, this article describes the utility of the hauntological framework in understanding ‘more than material’ impacts of gentrification. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research, alongside photovoice and walking interviews with long-time residents, this article describes how participants and residents are often haunted by the sense of individual and communal loss of their community’s future place in the neighbourhood. These ‘lost futures’ are often represented by the material changes, such as new buildings, and demographic changes, witnessed through the displacement of their neighbours, occurring in their neighbourhood. This article argues that by engaging with the framework of hauntology, researchers can better interrogate how residents in gentrifying neighbourhoods experience loss through these demographic and material changes.
构建中产阶级化的理论基础通常主要集中在物质和政治经济角度。虽然这种观点解决了高档化的物质影响——住房成本、人口结构的变化、新住房结构的发展——但它没有解决高档化社区长期居民经历高档化的方式。中产阶级化的一个经常被忽视的方面是,居民对他们在社区中的持续归属感的看法如何导致异化的经历。虽然在高档化研究中未得到充分的探索,但鬼屋学提供了一个理论框架,允许对正在经历高档化的社区中的人格、地点和财产之间的关系进行“超越物质”的理解。本文以新英格兰一个中产阶级化社区为例,描述了鬼屋学框架在理解中产阶级化的“非物质”影响方面的效用。通过广泛的民族志研究,以及对长期居民的照片语音和步行采访,本文描述了参与者和居民如何经常被个人和社区在社区中未来位置的丧失感所困扰。这些“失去的未来”通常以物质变化为代表,例如新建筑和人口变化,通过邻居的流离失所见证,发生在他们的社区。本文认为,通过参与鬼魂学的框架,研究人员可以更好地询问在中产阶级化社区的居民如何通过这些人口和物质变化经历损失。
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引用次数: 0
From ‘poor devil’ to middle class? Navigating resettlement and (in)formal reterritorialisation under COVID-19 从“可怜的魔鬼”到中产阶级?在2019冠状病毒病背景下引导重新安置和(或)正式再领土化
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241307532
José Rafael Nunez Collado
Extensive research has examined the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on precarious informal settlements. However, limited attention has been directed towards its implications in resettlement sites, where relocated residents from poor urban areas often experience long-term vulnerability. This article addresses this gap by investigating how the pandemic shaped ongoing post-relocation integration within a major resettlement site in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The concept of ‘(in)formal reterritorialisation’ is employed to elucidate the complex interplay between formal and informal adaptation endeavours disrupted by the health emergency. Drawing on empirical data, the article untangles how the pandemic exacerbated post-relocation disruptions to social ties and economic mobility, prompting residents to reassess informal settlements as sites of opportunity and solidarity. Conversely, during the outbreak, residents perceived the formal spatial and aesthetic conditions of the resettlement site as providing enhanced protections against the virus, bolstering their sense of belonging and place attachment. The findings underscore the intricate and often-conflicting outcomes that unfold within resettlement territories, critical sites for urban development in the Global South.
广泛的研究考察了COVID-19大流行对不稳定非正规住区的影响。然而,对其对重新安置地点的影响的关注有限,因为从贫穷城市地区重新安置的居民往往长期处于脆弱状态。本文通过调查大流行如何影响多米尼加共和国圣多明各一个主要安置点内正在进行的搬迁后整合工作,解决了这一差距。“(在)正式再领土化”的概念被用来阐明因卫生紧急情况而中断的正式和非正式适应努力之间复杂的相互作用。根据经验数据,这篇文章揭示了疫情如何加剧了重新安置后对社会关系和经济流动性的破坏,促使居民重新评估非正式定居点,将其视为机会和团结的场所。相反,在疫情爆发期间,居民认为安置点的正式空间和美学条件可以增强对病毒的保护,增强他们的归属感和地方依恋。调查结果强调了安置区内复杂且往往相互矛盾的结果,安置区内是全球南方城市发展的关键地点。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Urban Culture and the Modern City: Hungarian Case Studies 书评:《城市文化与现代城市:匈牙利个案研究》
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241309830
Gábor Patkós
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Urban Studies
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