Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1177/00420980241311521
Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy, James Allan Jones
In 2016, Auckland implemented a widespread upzoning to encourage medium density infill housing. This article describes the institutional processes preceding the reform, quantifies the changes in land use across the metropolitan area and documents subsequent changes in residential housing starts. We show that approximately three-quarters of residential land was upzoned, predominantly in areas close to transportation network access, and between 5 and 25 km of the central business district (CBD). Six years on from the reform, housing starts have increased; are located closer to the CBD, employment locations and transportation network access points; and are predominantly infill and attached housing. Spatial decompositions show that these patterns are exclusively driven by changes in housing starts in upzoned areas.
{"title":"Can zoning reform change urban development patterns? Evidence from Auckland","authors":"Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy, James Allan Jones","doi":"10.1177/00420980241311521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241311521","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, Auckland implemented a widespread upzoning to encourage medium density infill housing. This article describes the institutional processes preceding the reform, quantifies the changes in land use across the metropolitan area and documents subsequent changes in residential housing starts. We show that approximately three-quarters of residential land was upzoned, predominantly in areas close to transportation network access, and between 5 and 25 km of the central business district (CBD). Six years on from the reform, housing starts have increased; are located closer to the CBD, employment locations and transportation network access points; and are predominantly infill and attached housing. Spatial decompositions show that these patterns are exclusively driven by changes in housing starts in upzoned areas.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980251315946
Krisztina Varró
This paper aims at advancing recent attempts, within the ever-expanding critical scholarship on ‘smart cities’, to ‘provincialise’ smart urbanism. First, it proposes to do so empirically by extending the scope of the provincialising agenda to the (relationally conceived) ‘Global Easts’ through a conjunctural analysis of Hungary’s smart urbanism. Second, by focusing on how the state-steered character of Hungary’s smart urbanism differs from that of much-discussed Asian examples of neoliberal-developmental urbanism, the paper develops a state-focused relational lens that draws on scholarship on new state capitalism concerned with how relations between state and capital and shifting configurations of political and economic power constitute smart urban development. This lens helps to direct our attention to the market-orienting (or -distorting) actions of the solidifying authoritarian state capitalist Orbán regime in the narrowly conceived field of smart city policymaking, and to how creeping centralisation-through-digitalisation and the expansion of the state-dominated capitalism in the IT sector shape the actualisation of smart urbanism, albeit weakened by the broader political-economic (il)logics of the regime. Given worldwide trends of ever-more assertive state intervention shaping post-smart urbanism driven by artificial intelligence, the paper underlines the broader relevance of a context-sensitive provincialising approach with a state-focused approach devoid of orientalist inclinations.
{"title":"Provincialising smart urbanism further, from the Global East: Articulating the smart city in the context of Hungary’s authoritarian state capitalism","authors":"Krisztina Varró","doi":"10.1177/00420980251315946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980251315946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at advancing recent attempts, within the ever-expanding critical scholarship on ‘smart cities’, to ‘provincialise’ smart urbanism. First, it proposes to do so empirically by extending the scope of the provincialising agenda to the (relationally conceived) ‘Global Easts’ through a conjunctural analysis of Hungary’s smart urbanism. Second, by focusing on how the state-steered character of Hungary’s smart urbanism differs from that of much-discussed Asian examples of neoliberal-developmental urbanism, the paper develops a state-focused relational lens that draws on scholarship on new state capitalism concerned with how relations between state and capital and shifting configurations of political and economic power constitute smart urban development. This lens helps to direct our attention to the market-orienting (or -distorting) actions of the solidifying authoritarian state capitalist Orbán regime in the narrowly conceived field of smart city policymaking, and to how creeping centralisation-through-digitalisation and the expansion of the state-dominated capitalism in the IT sector shape the actualisation of smart urbanism, albeit weakened by the broader political-economic (il)logics of the regime. Given worldwide trends of ever-more assertive state intervention shaping post-smart urbanism driven by artificial intelligence, the paper underlines the broader relevance of a context-sensitive provincialising approach with a state-focused approach devoid of orientalist inclinations.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980251314553
Zijing Shen, Junxi Qian, Hong Zhu, Shuang Tian
Urban living labs (ULLs) have an experimental and transformative approach towards urban sustainability. Engaging with existing literature on two fields of research in which ULLs figure prominently, namely environmental governance and sustainability transition, this article rethinks hierarchical and institutional perspectives of ULL knowledge co-production that highlight the upscaling of policy models and institutions to achieve social relevance and efficacy. In contrast, this study highlights individual participants who join the ULL incidentally and voluntarily, as well as their embodied and lived knowledge produced in situ in forms of cognitive and behavioural changes. By unfolding the opinions and actions of visitors and volunteers involved in the Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Wetland Park, this article reframes ULLs as multi-dimensional knowledge models consisting of multi-actors and plural forms of knowledge.
{"title":"Framing urban living lab as a multi-dimensional knowledge model: Experiences from Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Wetland Park","authors":"Zijing Shen, Junxi Qian, Hong Zhu, Shuang Tian","doi":"10.1177/00420980251314553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980251314553","url":null,"abstract":"Urban living labs (ULLs) have an experimental and transformative approach towards urban sustainability. Engaging with existing literature on two fields of research in which ULLs figure prominently, namely environmental governance and sustainability transition, this article rethinks hierarchical and institutional perspectives of ULL knowledge co-production that highlight the upscaling of policy models and institutions to achieve social relevance and efficacy. In contrast, this study highlights individual participants who join the ULL incidentally and voluntarily, as well as their embodied and lived knowledge produced in situ in forms of cognitive and behavioural changes. By unfolding the opinions and actions of visitors and volunteers involved in the Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Wetland Park, this article reframes ULLs as multi-dimensional knowledge models consisting of multi-actors and plural forms of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980241311525
Yael Shmaryahu-Yeshurun
This article seeks to bridge the dichotomy between post-colonial and planetary perspectives on urbanisation through a case study of state-led ethno-gentrification (SLEG) in Israel. It examines a unique phenomenon of urban migration that has intensified in recent decades, involving the movement of religious Jewish-Zionist populations (known as Garinim Torani’im) into disadvantaged cities in Israel. The article explores how this phenomenon can be understood and conceptualised, presenting five key epistemological arguments and principles for defining state-led ethno-gentrification. The study demonstrates how economic and cultural incentives intersect with ethno-national and religious motivations, driving and sustaining urban settlement. I argue that these logics are mutually reinforcing and cannot be separated into purely national–colonial or economic–cultural projects. This article encourages scholars to apply gentrification terminology beyond the Global North to foster a comparative understanding of the intersections between capitalism and nationalism in urban development. It also calls for expanding the study of gentrification within Western narratives to include the institutional and racial/ethno-national forces enabling the commodification of space and displacement.
{"title":"Towards a dialogue between planetary gentrification and postcolonial urbanisation: State-led ethno-gentrification (SLEG) in Israel","authors":"Yael Shmaryahu-Yeshurun","doi":"10.1177/00420980241311525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241311525","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to bridge the dichotomy between post-colonial and planetary perspectives on urbanisation through a case study of state-led ethno-gentrification (SLEG) in Israel. It examines a unique phenomenon of urban migration that has intensified in recent decades, involving the movement of religious Jewish-Zionist populations (known as Garinim Torani’im) into disadvantaged cities in Israel. The article explores how this phenomenon can be understood and conceptualised, presenting five key epistemological arguments and principles for defining state-led ethno-gentrification. The study demonstrates how economic and cultural incentives intersect with ethno-national and religious motivations, driving and sustaining urban settlement. I argue that these logics are mutually reinforcing and cannot be separated into purely national–colonial or economic–cultural projects. This article encourages scholars to apply gentrification terminology beyond the Global North to foster a comparative understanding of the intersections between capitalism and nationalism in urban development. It also calls for expanding the study of gentrification within Western narratives to include the institutional and racial/ethno-national forces enabling the commodification of space and displacement.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980251316773
Agnieszka Leszczynski, Jonathan Cinnamon, Suzi Asa, Lindi Jahiu
Dockless micromobility sharing systems have wrought significant visual changes to urban streetscapes worldwide. These changes are often described in terms of the ‘mess’ of micromobility, characterised by dockless vehicles abandoned in roadways, sidewalks, and recreational paths, tossed into waterways, and graffitied, burned, and otherwise vandalised. In this paper, we argue that efforts to govern this dockless micromobility mess – which most frequently comes in the form of parking regulations – effectively impose and enforce normative visual order on the cityscape. Based on an analysis of primary image data and publicly available documents, we identify that efforts at governing docklessness also have the effect of governing the aesthetics of urban space in three ways: through (1) visual-material interventions (e.g. parking corrals and mats, app interfaces); (2) linked strategies of visual verification (digital image capture and assessment) and computer vision (the use of AI and machine learning); and (3) visual erasure (e.g. impounds and bikeshare graveyards). We discuss the implications of the aesthetic effects of micromobility governance for docklessness itself and the utilisation of dockless micromobilities and potential impacts on transportation equity and sustainability, and most significantly, for the right to the city.
{"title":"Docklessness, aesthetic governance, and the urban ‘micromobility mess’","authors":"Agnieszka Leszczynski, Jonathan Cinnamon, Suzi Asa, Lindi Jahiu","doi":"10.1177/00420980251316773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980251316773","url":null,"abstract":"Dockless micromobility sharing systems have wrought significant visual changes to urban streetscapes worldwide. These changes are often described in terms of the ‘mess’ of micromobility, characterised by dockless vehicles abandoned in roadways, sidewalks, and recreational paths, tossed into waterways, and graffitied, burned, and otherwise vandalised. In this paper, we argue that efforts to govern this dockless micromobility mess – which most frequently comes in the form of parking regulations – effectively impose and enforce normative visual order on the cityscape. Based on an analysis of primary image data and publicly available documents, we identify that efforts at governing docklessness also have the effect of governing the aesthetics of urban space in three ways: through (1) visual-material interventions (e.g. parking corrals and mats, app interfaces); (2) linked strategies of visual verification (digital image capture and assessment) and computer vision (the use of AI and machine learning); and (3) visual erasure (e.g. impounds and bikeshare graveyards). We discuss the implications of the aesthetic effects of micromobility governance for docklessness itself and the utilisation of dockless micromobilities and potential impacts on transportation equity and sustainability, and most significantly, for the right to the city.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980241305055
Stefan Molnar, Karl de Fine Licht
Defensive urban design, also known as hostile or exclusionary design, refers to the deliberate or incidental use of design elements to obstruct or exclude certain users from public spaces. This article explores the valuation processes involved in defensive urban design, focusing on Brunnsparken, a city square in Gothenburg, Sweden. Using a valuation studies framework, we investigate how different stakeholders assess and assign value to users and uses during the redesign process. Our study reveals that defensive urban design is not solely about exclusion but represents a spectrum of valuations, involving both positive and negative assessments that shift throughout different stages of urban redevelopment. This complexity shapes the governance of public spaces and challenges the simplistic notion that defensive design exclusively targets marginalised groups. By examining these nuanced processes, we contribute to a broader understanding of the moral and social implications of defensive urban design, highlighting its capacity to simultaneously foster inclusion and exclusion. Our findings underscore the need for thoughtful approaches to public space design that can balance diverse user needs and promote equitable urban environments.
{"title":"Defensive for whom: The valuation of users and uses in public space design in Gothenburg, Sweden","authors":"Stefan Molnar, Karl de Fine Licht","doi":"10.1177/00420980241305055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241305055","url":null,"abstract":"Defensive urban design, also known as hostile or exclusionary design, refers to the deliberate or incidental use of design elements to obstruct or exclude certain users from public spaces. This article explores the valuation processes involved in defensive urban design, focusing on Brunnsparken, a city square in Gothenburg, Sweden. Using a valuation studies framework, we investigate how different stakeholders assess and assign value to users and uses during the redesign process. Our study reveals that defensive urban design is not solely about exclusion but represents a spectrum of valuations, involving both positive and negative assessments that shift throughout different stages of urban redevelopment. This complexity shapes the governance of public spaces and challenges the simplistic notion that defensive design exclusively targets marginalised groups. By examining these nuanced processes, we contribute to a broader understanding of the moral and social implications of defensive urban design, highlighting its capacity to simultaneously foster inclusion and exclusion. Our findings underscore the need for thoughtful approaches to public space design that can balance diverse user needs and promote equitable urban environments.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980251317140
Dorcas Nthoki Nyamai, Sophie Schramm
The expansion and transformation of large sociotechnical infrastructure networks have profound spatial, social, and political implications, reflecting broader socio-spatial struggles and uneven power relations in cities. This paper explores these dynamics by focusing on Nairobi’s recent infrastructural developments under the Nairobi Metropolitan Services, a temporary governance body that significantly impacted the city’s mobility infrastructure. Despite the temporary nature of the Nairobi Metropolitan Services, which governed Nairobi for two years, its interventions in constructing walking and cycling infrastructure within the Central Business District highlight the potential of infrastructure being integrated into a complete network at a moment in time in future. The paper critiques traditional views of Southern infrastructures as fragmented and incomplete, proposing instead the concept of ‘infrastructural segments’ to emphasise their potential for future integration into a cohesive urban network. By examining how these segments emerge and may evolve, the research offers a nuanced understanding of the intersection between temporary governance and infrastructural development. It engages with current debates on infrastructural incompleteness and temporal dynamics, arguing that such segments hold the potential for significant future contributions to urban mobility and coherence. Through this lens, the paper provides insights into how political decisions shape infrastructural priorities, and what it may take to integrate these segments into a more cohesive urban infrastructure in Nairobi and indeed in other rapidly urbanising Southern cities.
{"title":"Infrastructure segments evolving through transient governance: Nairobi metropolitan services and active mobility infrastructures","authors":"Dorcas Nthoki Nyamai, Sophie Schramm","doi":"10.1177/00420980251317140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980251317140","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion and transformation of large sociotechnical infrastructure networks have profound spatial, social, and political implications, reflecting broader socio-spatial struggles and uneven power relations in cities. This paper explores these dynamics by focusing on Nairobi’s recent infrastructural developments under the Nairobi Metropolitan Services, a temporary governance body that significantly impacted the city’s mobility infrastructure. Despite the temporary nature of the Nairobi Metropolitan Services, which governed Nairobi for two years, its interventions in constructing walking and cycling infrastructure within the Central Business District highlight the potential of infrastructure being integrated into a complete network at a moment in time in future. The paper critiques traditional views of Southern infrastructures as fragmented and incomplete, proposing instead the concept of ‘infrastructural segments’ to emphasise their potential for future integration into a cohesive urban network. By examining how these segments emerge and may evolve, the research offers a nuanced understanding of the intersection between temporary governance and infrastructural development. It engages with current debates on infrastructural incompleteness and temporal dynamics, arguing that such segments hold the potential for significant future contributions to urban mobility and coherence. Through this lens, the paper provides insights into how political decisions shape infrastructural priorities, and what it may take to integrate these segments into a more cohesive urban infrastructure in Nairobi and indeed in other rapidly urbanising Southern cities.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1177/00420980251320343
Martha Elisa Kurniaty Gon
{"title":"Book Review: Transport in Capitalism: Transport Policy as Social Policy","authors":"Martha Elisa Kurniaty Gon","doi":"10.1177/00420980251320343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980251320343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1177/00420980241293032
Solène Le Borgne
This article contributes to scholarly analyses of urban sensory politics, which emphasise the ‘othering’ strategies of middle-class residents targeting the sensory practices and embodied presence of marginalised urban residents. It introduces greater nuance to three structuring binaries that are readily apparent in current scholarly understandings of urban sensory politics: disrupted/disruptive; familiar/unfamiliar; and oppressive/emancipatory. The article focuses on the sensory politics at work in contexts of urban shrinkage. Shrinking cities are characterised by specific processes of economic, spatial and social change, where affordable housing continues to attract new residents, including a growing proportion of socially and economically marginalised people, even as demographic decline eats away at the urban core. The proximity of people of varied socioeconomic statuses with different lifestyles gives rise to sensory encounters marked by difference, and at times tension. I ask, how can we understand the complex and ambivalent sensory experiences of urban change in medium-sized shrinking cities? Drawing on ethnographic material collected in two French shrinking cities, Dieppe and Nevers, and focusing on more vulnerable residents attracted by affordable housing, I analyse a series of ambivalent sensory encounters, marked by intricate, plural, sometimes contradictory feelings and meanings.
{"title":"Beyond binaries in the urban politics of the senses: Ambivalent sensory encounters in French medium-sized shrinking cities","authors":"Solène Le Borgne","doi":"10.1177/00420980241293032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241293032","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to scholarly analyses of urban sensory politics, which emphasise the ‘othering’ strategies of middle-class residents targeting the sensory practices and embodied presence of marginalised urban residents. It introduces greater nuance to three structuring binaries that are readily apparent in current scholarly understandings of urban sensory politics: disrupted/disruptive; familiar/unfamiliar; and oppressive/emancipatory. The article focuses on the sensory politics at work in contexts of urban shrinkage. Shrinking cities are characterised by specific processes of economic, spatial and social change, where affordable housing continues to attract new residents, including a growing proportion of socially and economically marginalised people, even as demographic decline eats away at the urban core. The proximity of people of varied socioeconomic statuses with different lifestyles gives rise to sensory encounters marked by difference, and at times tension. I ask, how can we understand the complex and ambivalent sensory experiences of urban change in medium-sized shrinking cities? Drawing on ethnographic material collected in two French shrinking cities, Dieppe and Nevers, and focusing on more vulnerable residents attracted by affordable housing, I analyse a series of ambivalent sensory encounters, marked by intricate, plural, sometimes contradictory feelings and meanings.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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