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Salience of social identities in explaining homeownership patterns in India 社会身份在解释印度房屋所有权模式中的突出作用
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241289795
Ashish Gupta, Prashant Das, N Edward Coulson, Abhiman Das
Indian society presents heterogeneity across two identities – that is, religion and caste – that lead to heterogenous economic outcomes, but affirmative action is mostly applicable to caste. Our empirical models affirm that economically less secure households have a higher homeownership propensity in India. Minority religions and backward castes also have a significantly higher propensity to own homes. This is in sharp contrast to findings in the US where minority households are associated with lower homeownership rates. Further, religious and caste-based identities in India lead to different household behaviours in differing demographic mixes. Religious identity in India is more salient than caste identity in explaining differing homeownership patterns.
印度社会呈现出跨两种身份(即宗教和种姓)的异质性,这导致了不同的经济结果,但平权行动主要适用于种姓。我们的经验模型证实,经济上不安全的家庭在印度有更高的住房拥有倾向。少数宗教和落后种姓拥有住房的倾向也明显更高。这与美国的调查结果形成鲜明对比,在美国,少数族裔家庭的住房拥有率较低。此外,印度的宗教和基于种姓的身份导致不同人口混合的家庭行为不同。在解释不同的房屋拥有模式时,印度的宗教身份比种姓身份更突出。
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引用次数: 0
Digitalisation, neighbourhood change and urban social processes: Conceptual framework and introduction to the Special Issue 数字化、邻里变化和城市社会进程:专题的概念框架和介绍
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241289269
George C Galster, Jan Üblacker
Neighbourhoods are salient for many dimensions of individuals’ social and economic well-being, yet the impacts of rapidly emerging digital information and communication technologies (DICTs) on neighbourhoods and the social processes within them are understudied. This gap motivates this Special Issue, the themes of which we introduce here. We provide an overarching conceptual framework within which the topics, conceptualisations and empirical results of the 11 constituent research papers can be placed. Our framework posits multiple, mutually causal interrelationships between each element in the triad of neighbourhoods, individual residents’ characteristics and individual residents’ actions. In each element we focus on the role(s) of DICTs and their interplay with social processes. These technologies alter traditional housing search patterns, sometimes reinforcing existing segregation, but they also present opportunities for greater access to information and potential social integration. The issue’s 11 research papers, contributed by scholars from various global contexts, explore diverse aspects of these themes. They examine how DICTs mediate neighbourhood change by influencing local housing choices, amplifying or mitigating neighbourhood stigma and transforming social cohesion. By offering a rich empirical and conceptual exploration, this special issue aims to deepen our understanding of the transformative role that DICTs play in neighbourhoods, urging further research into their implications for neighbourhood change and urban social processes.
社区在个人社会和经济福祉的许多方面都很突出,但迅速兴起的数字信息和通信技术(dict)对社区及其内部社会过程的影响尚未得到充分研究。这一差距激发了本期特刊的灵感,我们在此介绍本期特刊的主题。我们提供了一个总体概念框架,其中的主题,概念化和实证结果的11个组成研究论文可以放置。我们的框架假定了社区三位一体中的每个元素、个体居民的特征和个体居民的行为之间的多重相互因果关系。在每个要素中,我们都将重点放在ict的作用及其与社会进程的相互作用上。这些技术改变了传统的找房模式,有时加剧了现有的隔离,但它们也提供了更多获得信息和潜在社会融合的机会。本期的11篇研究论文由来自全球不同背景的学者撰写,探讨了这些主题的不同方面。他们研究了dict如何通过影响当地住房选择、放大或减轻社区耻辱以及改变社会凝聚力来调解社区变化。通过提供丰富的经验和概念探索,本期特刊旨在加深我们对dict在社区中发挥的变革作用的理解,敦促进一步研究它们对社区变化和城市社会进程的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: The Urban Question in Africa: Uneven Geographies of Transition 书评:非洲的城市问题:不均衡的转型地理
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241275057
Patrick Brandful Cobbinah
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Researching Otherwise: Pluriversal Methodologies for Landscape and Urban Studies 书评以其他方式进行研究:景观和城市研究的多元方法论
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241297875
Andrew Littlejohn
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引用次数: 0
Book review: The Routledge Handbook of Architecture, Urban Space and Politics, Volume II: Ecology, Social Participation and Marginalities 书评:Routledge 建筑、城市空间与政治手册》第二卷:生态、社会参与与边缘化
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241293991
Ekaterina Mizrokhi
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Markets, Capitalism and Urban Space in India: Right to Sell 书评:印度的市场、资本主义和城市空间:销售权
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241297040
Pitri Yanti, Imanirrahma Salsabil, Asni Mustika Rani
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引用次数: 0
The entrepreneurial creative city and its discontents: The politics of art-led urban regeneration in Incheon, South Korea 创业型创意城市及其不满:韩国仁川以艺术为主导的城市复兴政治
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241285856
Se Hoon Park, HaeRan Shin
The increasing occurrence of discontent and conflict regarding making creative cities across the globe has led scholars to pay significant attention to the political dimension of creative-city policies. This study, by exploring the controversy over the Incheon Art Platform, a warehouse-turned art space in Incheon, South Korea, offers a situated understanding of how the city government’s entrepreneurial approach to the creative city was resisted and reinterpreted by local civil society groups. Against the backdrop of enhanced urban entrepreneurialism and the rise of civil activism in Incheon, the arrival of the creative city concept has generated opposing interpretations of the role of art and culture between the city government and civil society groups. Given the state’s expansionist policy toward the cultural sector in the nation, the entrepreneurial version of a creative city was first resisted by local cultural actors along with government-sponsored artists and subsequently sparked an artist-inspired anti-entrepreneurism protest in the city. This paper demonstrated how the creative city became a subject of political struggle within the unique relationship between the state and the cultural sector in South Korea, thereby contributing to enriching global urban knowledge on making and remaking creative cities beyond the Global North.
全球范围内有关建设创意城市的不满和冲突日益增多,促使学者们开始关注创意城市政策的政治层面。本研究通过探讨韩国仁川市由仓库改建而成的艺术空间 "仁川艺术平台 "所引发的争议,对市政府以企业化方式建设创意城市的做法如何遭到当地民间团体的抵制和重新诠释提供了一种情景式的理解。在仁川城市创业精神增强和公民行动主义崛起的背景下,创意城市概念的到来在市政府和公民社会团体之间产生了对艺术和文化作用的截然相反的解释。鉴于国家对文化部门的扩张政策,创意城市的企业版本首先遭到了当地文化参与者和政府资助的艺术家的抵制,随后在该市引发了一场由艺术家发起的反企业主义抗议活动。本文展示了创意城市如何在韩国国家与文化部门之间的独特关系中成为政治斗争的主题,从而有助于丰富全球城市知识,使创意城市的创建和重塑超越全球北方。
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引用次数: 0
The unequal spread of digital neighbourhood platforms in urban neighbourhoods: A multilevel analysis of socio-demographic predictors and their relation to neighbourhood social capital 数字邻里平台在城市邻里中的不平等传播:社会人口预测因素及其与邻里社会资本关系的多层次分析
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241286266
Dietrich Oberwittler, Lisa Natter
Digital neighbourhood platforms (DNPs) – also called online neighbourhood networks or neighbourhood social networks – are still a relatively novel phenomenon, and little is known about their actual reach among citizens and about neighbourhood conditions which foster or impede their spread. We consider DNPs as a digital extension of conventional neighbourhood social capital and analyse their spread in comparison with the latter using a recent community survey in two large German cities with a probability sample of 2900 respondents in 139 neighbourhoods. The analysis is guided by the scholarly discussion on the potential of DNPs to reduce current inequalities in the distribution of social capital. The results showed that 18% of respondents in Cologne and 12% of respondents in Essen have used DNPs. Multilevel analyses revealed a strong negative association of neighbourhood ethnic diversity with user rates, in parallel to the same negative effect on conventional neighbourhood social capital. It is therefore reasonable to assume that pre-existing inequalities in social capital are replicated by DNPs. On the individual level, the use of DNPs was less dependent on strong social bonds than on conventional social capital. Comparing respondents who use DNPs to those who do not, the former group proves to be socially more connected, more trusting and more satisfied with their neighbourhoods.
数字邻里平台(DNPs)--也称为在线邻里网络或邻里社交网络--仍然是一种相对新颖的现象,人们对其在公民中的实际覆盖范围以及促进或阻碍其传播的邻里条件知之甚少。我们将 DNP 视为传统邻里社会资本的数字化延伸,并利用最近在德国两个大城市进行的一项社区调查,对其传播情况进行分析,并与后者进行比较。这项分析以学术界关于 DNP 有可能减少当前社会资本分配不平等的讨论为指导。结果显示,科隆和埃森分别有 18% 和 12% 的受访者使用过 DNP。多层次分析表明,邻里种族多样性与使用率之间存在密切的负相关关系,与此同时,传统的邻里社会资本也受到同样的负面影响。因此,我们有理由认为,DNP 复制了社会资本中原有的不平等现象。就个人而言,与传统社会资本相比,使用 DNP 对强大的社会纽带的依赖程度较低。将使用 DNPs 的受访者与不使用 DNPs 的受访者进行比较,前者的社会联系更紧密、更信任他人、对邻里关系更满意。
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引用次数: 0
Everyday practices of administrative ambiguation and the labour of de-ambiguation: Struggling for water infrastructure in Mumbai 行政模糊化的日常实践与消除模糊化的劳动:为孟买的水利基础设施而奋斗
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241283731
Purva Dewoolkar, Deljana Iossifova, Sitaram Shelar, Alison L Browne, Elsa Holm
In this paper, we use the notion of administrative precarity to refer to the vulnerability and insecurity experienced by marginalised and disadvantaged groups as a result of their interactions with ambiguous administrative procedures. Using the example of water infrastructure administration in Mumbai, specifically the experiences of ‘Pani Haq Samiti’– the ‘Right to Water campaign’– we formulate how administrative precarity and infrastructural violence intersect in transcalar practices of ambiguation in urban governance. We build on a nascent set of literature that illustrates how ambiguity in administrative processes is used as a tactic to avoid or deny the impacts of bureaucratic process of water and sanitation governance in Mumbai. We work through several examples of the ambiguous practices and paperwork involved in implementing the universal right to water in urban Mumbai with a specific focus on the challenges in non-notified slums. We demonstrate that the practices of ambiguation, are often entrenched in everyday interactions between citizens or activists and administrators on the ground. In enabling the continued withholding of water infrastructure these ambiguous bureaucracies create an administrative precarity and are thus constitutive to persistent infrastructural violence against marginalised groups. We show that everyday practices of activists and administrators provoke the labours of de-ambiguation as a pre-requisite to the implementation of infrastructural solutions to achieve the ‘Right to Water’ under administrative precarity. We call for more research on everyday practices of (de-)ambiguation, including highlighting the potentially transformative role that urban scholarship may take to support the labour of de-ambiguation.
在本文中,我们使用 "行政不稳定性 "这一概念来指边缘化群体和弱势群体在与模棱两可的行政程序互动时所经历的脆弱性和不安全感。以孟买的供水基础设施管理为例,特别是 "Pani Haq Samiti"--"水权运动"--的经验,我们阐述了行政不稳定性和基础设施暴力是如何在城市治理的模糊性跨领域实践中交织在一起的。我们以一组新的文献为基础,说明行政程序中的模糊性如何被用作一种策略,以避免或否认孟买水和卫生治理官僚程序的影响。我们通过几个例子来说明在孟买城市实施普遍水权时所涉及的模糊做法和文书工作,并特别关注未被通知的贫民窟所面临的挑战。我们表明,含糊不清的做法往往根深蒂固地存在于公民或活动家与当地管理者之间的日常互动中。这些模棱两可的官僚作风导致水基础设施被持续扣留,造成了行政上的不稳定性,从而构成了针对边缘化群体的持续性基础设施暴力。我们表明,在行政不稳定的情况下,活动家和行政人员的日常实践引发了消除歧义的劳动,这是实施基础设施解决方案以实现 "水权 "的先决条件。我们呼吁对(去)模糊化的日常实践进行更多研究,包括强调城市学术在支持去模糊化劳动方面可能发挥的变革作用。
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引用次数: 0
Heat and the city: Thermal control, governance and health in urban Asia 热与城市:亚洲城市的热控、治理与健康
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241286718
Gregory Clancey, Jiat-Hwee Chang, Liz PY Chee
This special issue focuses on the under-studied but increasingly pressing issue of urban heat. Cities are getting hotter, both due to the global crisis of climate change, and the related phenomena of Urban Heat Islands, which locally amplify increased global temperatures and exposure to solar radiation. We know a great deal about how heat is affecting cities from a scientific and public health perspective. Urban studies scholarship, however, has been slower to foreground heat as a social, spatial, and political category of analysis, at least in comparison to discussions of carbon emissions and their control, energy and infrastructure, rising sea levels or flooding, and activism towards sustainability. While many of these themes also figure in this collection, our focus is on the varied phenomena of urban dwellers feeling, avoiding, suffering under, mitigating, culturally interpreting and attempting to anticipate and plan for, the reality of elevated air temperatures and solar radiation. What we call thermal control, governance, and health is the multi-level and multivalent social and material response to uncomfortable and potentially injurious temperatures, an elusive topic this special issue makes visible and constitutes what we hope will be an ongoing urban research agenda.
本特刊重点关注研究不足但日益紧迫的城市热问题。由于全球气候变化危机以及与之相关的城市热岛现象,城市变得越来越热。从科学和公共健康的角度来看,我们对热量如何影响城市已经有了很多了解。然而,城市研究学术界在将热量作为社会、空间和政治分析范畴方面却进展缓慢,至少与对碳排放及其控制、能源和基础设施、海平面上升或洪水以及可持续发展行动主义的讨论相比是如此。虽然这些主题在本文集中也有体现,但我们的重点是城市居民感受、避免、承受、缓解、从文化角度解释以及试图预测和规划气温升高和太阳辐射的现实的各种现象。我们所说的热控制、治理和健康是对不舒适和可能有害的温度做出的多层次和多价的社会和物质反应,本特刊使这一难以捉摸的主题变得清晰可见,并构成了我们希望的持续城市研究议程。
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引用次数: 0
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Urban Studies
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